<s>
AMP	O
(	O
originally	O
an	O
acronym	O
for	O
Accelerated	B-General_Concept
Mobile	I-General_Concept
Pages	I-General_Concept
)	O
is	O
an	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
HTML	B-Language
framework	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
AMP	O
Open	B-License
Source	I-License
Project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
originally	O
created	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
as	O
a	O
competitor	O
to	O
Facebook	O
Instant	O
Articles	O
and	O
Apple	B-Application
News	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMP	O
pages	O
may	O
be	O
cached	O
by	O
a	O
CDN	B-Operating_System
,	O
such	O
as	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Bing	I-Application
or	O
Cloudflare	B-Application
's	O
AMP	O
caches	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
pages	O
to	O
be	O
served	O
more	O
quickly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
a	O
technical	O
preview	O
period	O
,	O
AMP	O
pages	O
began	O
appearing	O
in	O
Google	B-Application
mobile	O
search	O
results	O
in	O
February	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMP	O
has	O
been	O
criticized	O
for	O
potentially	O
giving	O
further	O
control	O
over	O
the	O
web	O
to	O
Google	B-Application
and	O
other	O
concerns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AMP	O
Project	O
was	O
announced	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
on	O
October	O
7	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
following	O
discussions	O
with	O
its	O
partners	O
in	O
the	O
Digital	B-Application
News	I-Application
Initiative	I-Application
(	O
DNI	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
news	O
publishers	O
and	O
technology	O
companies	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
about	O
improving	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
mobile	O
web	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
than	O
30	O
news	O
publishers	O
and	O
several	O
technology	O
companies	O
(	O
including	O
Twitter	B-Application
,	O
Pinterest	B-Application
,	O
LinkedIn	B-Application
and	O
WordPress	B-Application
)	O
were	O
initially	O
announced	O
as	O
collaborators	O
in	O
the	O
AMP	O
Project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMP	O
pages	O
first	O
appeared	O
to	O
web	O
users	O
in	O
February	O
2016	O
,	O
when	O
Google	B-Application
began	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
AMP	O
versions	O
of	O
webpages	O
in	O
mobile	O
search	O
results	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
links	O
to	O
AMP	O
pages	O
were	O
restricted	O
to	O
a	O
"	O
Top	O
Stories	O
"	O
section	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
mobile	O
search	O
results	O
;	O
by	O
September	O
2016	O
Google	B-Application
started	O
linking	O
to	O
AMP	O
content	O
in	O
the	O
main	O
mobile	O
search	O
results	O
area	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
search	O
distinguished	O
AMP	B-General_Concept
links	I-General_Concept
with	O
an	O
icon	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2016	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
announced	O
support	O
for	O
AMP	O
in	O
the	O
Bing	B-Application
apps	O
for	O
iOS	B-Application
and	O
Android	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2017	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
reported	O
900,000	O
web	O
domains	O
were	O
publishing	O
AMP	O
pages	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
two	O
billion	O
AMP	O
pages	O
published	O
globally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2017	O
,	O
Twitter	B-Application
started	O
linking	O
to	O
AMP	O
pages	O
from	O
its	O
iOS	B-Application
and	O
Android	B-Application
apps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2018	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
began	O
rolling	O
out	O
its	O
own	O
Bing	B-Application
AMP	O
viewer	O
and	O
AMP	O
cache	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
7	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
AMP	O
announced	O
their	O
official	O
WordPress	B-Application
plugin	O
,	O
which	O
allowed	O
WordPress	B-Application
websites	O
to	O
include	O
AMP-ready	O
pages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
announced	O
by	O
AMP	O
's	O
tech	O
lead	O
Malte	O
Ubl	O
at	O
AMP	O
Conf	O
'	O
19	O
,	O
AMP	O
is	O
now	O
just	O
AMP	O
,	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
stand	O
for	O
Accelerated	B-General_Concept
Mobile	I-General_Concept
Pages	I-General_Concept
anymore	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
,	O
Twitter	B-Application
updated	O
its	O
developer	O
guidelines	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
"	O
We	O
’re	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
discontinuing	O
support	O
for	O
this	O
feature	O
"	O
;	O
the	O
Twitter	B-Application
mobile	O
apps	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
simply	O
load	O
the	O
non-AMP	O
versions	O
of	O
webpages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2021	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
removed	O
AMP	O
as	O
an	O
SEO	O
criterion	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
page	O
loading	O
speed	O
and	O
other	O
"	O
page	O
experience	O
"	O
metrics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
April	O
20	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
Brave	B-Application
Browser	I-Application
rolled	O
out	O
new	O
features	O
to	O
automatically	O
bypass	O
AMP	O
pages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
day	O
,	O
DuckDuckGo	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
they	O
will	O
also	O
automatically	O
bypass	O
AMP	O
pages	O
on	O
their	O
DuckDuckGo	B-Application
browser	B-Application
and	O
on	O
their	O
DuckDuckGo	B-Application
Privacy	O
Essentials	O
browser	B-Protocol
extension	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMP	O
HTML	B-Language
,	O
which	O
is	O
standard	O
HTML	B-General_Concept
markup	I-General_Concept
with	O
web	B-Language
components	I-Language
;	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
AMP	O
pages	O
are	O
delivered	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
AMP	O
cache	O
,	O
but	O
other	O
companies	O
can	O
support	O
AMP	O
caches	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internet	O
performance	O
and	O
security	O
company	O
Cloudflare	B-Application
launched	O
an	O
AMP	O
cache	O
in	O
March	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2018	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
the	O
new	O
AMP	O
Email	O
section	O
of	O
the	O
AMP	O
framework	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
viewed	O
in	O
an	O
unsupported	O
email	O
client	O
,	O
AMP	O
emails	O
display	O
fallback	O
HTML	B-Language
no	O
different	O
than	O
a	O
standard	O
HTML	B-Language
email	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
ads	O
are	O
different	O
from	O
traditional	O
HTML/JavaScript	O
ads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMP	O
pages	O
are	O
published	O
online	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
displayed	O
in	O
most	O
current	O
browsers	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
a	O
standard	O
webpage	O
has	O
an	O
AMP	O
counterpart	O
,	O
a	O
link	O
to	O
the	O
AMP	O
page	O
is	O
usually	O
placed	O
in	O
an	O
HTML	B-General_Concept
tag	I-General_Concept
in	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
reports	O
that	O
AMP	O
pages	O
served	O
in	O
Google	B-Application
search	O
typically	O
load	O
in	O
less	O
than	O
one	O
second	O
and	O
use	O
ten	O
times	O
less	O
data	O
than	O
the	O
equivalent	O
non-AMP	O
pages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
academic	O
paper	O
about	O
AMP	O
reveals	O
that	O
AMP	O
pages	O
 '	O
page	O
load	O
time	O
is	O
2.5	O
times	O
faster	O
than	O
non-AMP	O
versions	O
in	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
search	O
result	O
page	O
without	O
pre-rendering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
has	O
announced	O
that	O
as	O
of	O
February	O
1	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
require	O
the	O
content	O
of	O
canonical	O
pages	O
and	O
those	O
displayed	O
through	O
AMP	O
be	O
substantially	O
the	O
same	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
aimed	O
at	O
improving	O
the	O
experience	O
of	O
users	O
by	O
avoiding	O
common	O
difficulties	O
with	O
the	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
and	O
increase	O
security	O
and	O
trust	O
(	O
see	O
below	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMP	O
is	O
often	O
compared	O
to	O
Facebook	O
Instant	O
Articles	O
and	O
Apple	B-Application
News	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Richard	O
Gingras	O
said	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
some	O
critics	O
believe	O
that	O
AMP	O
is	O
an	O
impending	O
walled	B-Application
garden	I-Application
as	O
Google	B-Application
begins	O
to	O
host	O
AMP-restricted	O
versions	O
of	O
their	O
websites	O
directly	O
on	O
google.com	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
AMP	O
has	O
been	O
criticized	O
by	O
figures	O
inside	O
the	O
tech	O
industry	O
as	O
an	O
attempt	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
to	O
exert	O
its	O
dominance	O
on	O
the	O
web	O
by	O
dictating	O
how	O
websites	O
are	O
built	O
and	O
monetized	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
"	O
AMP	O
is	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
attempt	O
to	O
lock	O
publishers	O
into	O
its	O
ecosystem	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Joshua	O
Benton	O
,	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
Nieman	O
Journalism	O
Lab	O
at	O
Harvard	O
University	O
,	O
said	O
:	O
"	O
There	O
is	O
a	O
sense	O
in	O
which	O
AMP	O
is	O
a	O
Google-built	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
web	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
We	O
are	O
moving	O
from	O
a	O
world	O
where	O
you	O
can	O
put	O
anything	O
on	O
your	O
website	O
to	O
one	O
where	O
you	O
ca	O
n't	O
because	O
Google	B-Application
says	O
so.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Ramon	O
Tremosa	O
,	O
a	O
Spanish	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
European	O
Parliament	O
,	O
said	O
:	O
"	O
AMP	O
is	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
dialing	O
up	O
its	O
anti-competitive	O
practices	O
under	O
the	O
nose	O
of	O
the	O
competition	O
regulators.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Matthew	O
Ingram	O
of	O
Fortune	O
expressed	O
concerns	O
about	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
role	O
and	O
motives	O
regarding	O
the	O
AMP	O
Project	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
charges	O
were	O
rebutted	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2018	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
began	O
transitioning	O
AMP	O
to	O
a	O
more	O
open	O
governance	O
model	O
with	O
governing	O
committees	O
composed	O
of	O
different	O
stakeholders	O
in	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
publishers	O
that	O
use	O
AMP	O
including	O
The	O
Washington	O
Post	O
and	O
Axios	O
to	O
other	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
Microsoft	O
and	O
Twitter	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
AMP	O
implementations	O
such	O
as	O
Google	B-Application
search	O
results	O
use	O
pre-rendering	O
to	O
improve	O
loading	O
speeds	O
of	O
AMP	O
pages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CNN	B-Architecture
chief	O
product	O
officer	O
Alex	O
Wellen	O
said	O
AMP	O
Pages	O
"	O
largely	O
monetize	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
rate	O
"	O
as	O
standard	O
mobile	O
pages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2017	O
,	O
Russian	O
hackers	B-Application
used	O
an	O
AMP	O
vulnerability	O
in	O
phishing	O
e-mails	O
sent	O
to	O
investigative	O
journalists	O
critical	O
of	O
the	O
Russian	O
government	O
,	O
and	O
hacked	O
into	O
their	O
websites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
announced	O
on	O
November	O
16	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
prevent	O
sites	O
in	O
Google	B-Application
search	O
results	O
from	O
exploiting	O
AMP	O
to	O
bait-and-switch	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
February	O
2018	O
,	O
AMP	O
pages	O
in	O
Google	B-Application
search	O
results	O
must	O
contain	O
content	O
equivalent	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
non-AMP	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
