<s>
AZUSA	B-Application
refers	O
to	O
a	O
ground-based	O
radar	B-Application
tracking	O
system	O
installed	O
at	O
Cape	O
Canaveral	O
,	O
Florida	O
and	O
the	O
NASA	O
Kennedy	O
Space	O
Center	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AZUSA	B-Application
was	O
named	O
after	O
the	O
southern	O
California	O
town	O
Azusa	B-Application
,	O
California	O
where	O
the	O
system	O
was	O
devised	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1950s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
angular	O
precision	O
of	O
interferometry	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
Azusa	B-Application
tracking	O
system	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Army	O
Air	O
Corps	O
NUL-774	O
Project	O
,	O
forerunner	O
of	O
the	O
Atlas	O
ICBM	O
program	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
Vultee	O
Field	O
Division	O
of	O
Consolidated	O
Vultee	O
Aircraft	O
Corporation	O
(	O
Convair	O
)	O
in	O
Downey	O
,	O
California	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
of	O
the	O
basic	O
patents	O
(	O
2,972,047	O
and	O
3,025,520	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
interferometer	O
tracking	O
are	O
shared	O
by	O
James	O
W	O
.	O
Crooks	O
Jr.	O
,	O
Robert	O
C	O
.	O
Weaver	O
,	O
and	O
Robert	O
V	O
.	O
Werner	O
,	O
all	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Azusa	B-Application
design	O
team	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
spring	O
of	O
1948	O
,	O
the	O
Azusa	B-Application
team	O
had	O
built	O
an	O
interferometer	O
operating	O
at	O
148.58MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Naval	O
Research	O
Laboratory	O
(	O
NRL	O
)	O
was	O
working	O
on	O
underwater	O
sound	O
interferometers	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
Convair	O
was	O
developing	O
Azusa	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
*	O
The	O
circle	O
was	O
completed	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1950s	O
when	O
the	O
Navy	O
picked	O
up	O
the	O
Azusa	B-Application
interferometer	O
work	O
for	O
its	O
Viking	O
Project	O
at	O
White	O
Sands	O
,	O
New	O
Mexico	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early	O
1960s	O
,	O
the	O
mainstay	O
for	O
obtaining	O
this	O
data	O
at	O
Canaveral	O
was	O
Convair	O
's	O
Azusa	B-Application
Mark	O
I	O
,	O
a	O
c-w	O
cross	O
baseline	O
interferometer	O
operating	O
in	O
the	O
C	O
band	O
,	O
requiring	O
a	O
transponder	O
in	O
the	O
missile	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Azusa	B-Application
II	O
,	O
intended	O
to	O
replace	O
Azusa	B-Application
I	O
,	O
was	O
installed	O
in	O
1961	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
Azusas	B-Application
have	O
identical	O
limitations	O
:	O
they	O
will	O
not	O
track	O
cross-polarized	O
signals	O
;	O
missile	O
antenna	O
nulls	O
deeper	O
than	O
10dB	O
cause	O
noisy	O
data	O
,	O
ambiguities	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
severe	O
cases	O
,	O
loss	O
of	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AZUSA	B-Application
tracking	O
radar	B-Application
was	O
used	O
to	O
monitor	O
initial	O
phases	O
of	O
launch	O
for	O
the	O
Saturn	O
S-II	O
by	O
telemetry	O
with	O
transponder	O
frequency	O
of	O
5,060	O
MHz	O
(	O
receiver	O
)	O
and	O
5,000	O
MHz	O
(	O
transmitter	O
)	O
with	O
2.5	O
W	O
of	O
power	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Robert	O
Christian	O
Weaver	O
Sr.	O
,	O
co-inventor	O
of	O
the	O
AZUSA	B-Application
radar	B-Application
,	O
was	O
a	O
Fresno	O
native	O
,	O
graduated	O
from	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
California	O
Berkeley	O
in	O
1938	O
with	O
a	O
bachelor	O
's	O
degree	O
in	O
electrical	O
engineering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
radio	O
and	O
radar	B-Application
equipment	O
in	O
the	O
China-Burma-India	O
Theater	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
His	O
specialty	O
became	O
designing	O
radar	B-Application
,	O
guidance	O
and	O
tracking	O
systems	O
for	O
guided	O
missiles	O
and	O
space	O
vehicles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early	O
1950s	O
,	O
Weaver	O
and	O
a	O
colleague	O
invented	O
the	O
AZUSA	B-Application
continuous	O
wave	O
tracking	O
system	O
,	O
implemented	O
at	O
the	O
Air	O
Force	O
Missile	O
Test	O
Center	O
,	O
Cape	O
Canaveral	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
advantages	O
of	O
the	O
Azusa	B-Application
system	O
over	O
its	O
predecessors	O
was	O
that	O
it	O
required	O
fewer	O
radar	B-Application
sites	O
and	O
operating	O
crews	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
increased	O
emphasis	O
on	O
ballistic	O
missiles	O
and	O
efforts	O
to	O
improve	O
their	O
accuracy	O
spurred	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
Azusa	B-Application
system	O
and	O
Mistram	O
,	O
a	O
competing	O
technology	O
developed	O
by	O
GE	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1960s	O
.	O
</s>
