<s>
AUTomotive	O
Open	O
System	O
ARchitecture	O
(	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
)	O
is	O
a	O
development	O
partnership	O
of	O
automotive	O
interested	O
parties	O
founded	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
pursues	O
the	O
objective	O
to	O
create	O
and	O
establish	O
an	O
open	O
and	O
standardized	O
software	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
for	O
automotive	O
electronic	B-Device
control	I-Device
units	I-Device
(	O
ECUs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Goals	O
include	O
the	O
scalability	B-Architecture
to	O
different	O
vehicle	O
and	O
platform	O
variants	O
,	O
transferability	O
of	O
software	O
,	O
the	O
consideration	O
of	O
availability	O
and	O
safety	O
requirements	O
,	O
a	O
collaboration	O
between	O
various	O
partners	O
,	O
sustainable	O
use	O
of	O
natural	O
resources	O
,	O
and	O
maintainability	O
during	O
the	O
product	O
lifecycle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AUTOSAR	B-Application
was	O
formed	O
in	O
July	O
2003	O
by	O
Bavarian	O
Motor	O
Works	O
(	O
BMW	O
)	O
,	O
Robert	O
Bosch	O
GmbH	O
,	O
Continental	O
AG	O
,	O
Daimler	O
AG	O
(	O
formerly	O
Daimler-Benz	O
,	O
then	O
DaimlerChrysler	O
)	O
,	O
Siemens	O
VDO	O
,	O
and	O
Volkswagen	O
to	O
promote	O
an	O
open	O
industry	O
standard	O
for	O
automotive	O
electrical-electronic	O
(	O
E/E	O
)	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2003	O
,	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
provided	O
four	O
major	O
releases	O
of	O
the	O
automotive	O
software	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
for	O
its	O
classic	O
platform	O
and	O
one	O
release	O
of	O
acceptance	O
tests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
entered	O
a	O
continuous	O
working	O
mode	O
for	O
its	O
classic	O
Platform	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
standard	O
and	O
provide	O
selected	O
improvements	O
,	O
including	O
releases	O
R4.2	O
,	O
and	O
1.0	O
of	O
acceptance	O
tests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2020	O
,	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
R20-11	O
was	O
virtually	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AUTOSAR	B-Application
provides	O
specifications	O
of	O
basic	O
software	B-Architecture
modules	I-Architecture
,	O
defines	O
application	O
interfaces	O
and	O
builds	O
a	O
common	O
development	O
methodology	O
based	O
on	O
standardized	O
exchange	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Basic	O
software	B-Architecture
modules	I-Architecture
made	O
available	O
by	O
the	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
layered	O
software	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
vehicles	O
of	O
different	O
manufacturers	O
and	O
electronic	O
components	O
of	O
different	O
suppliers	O
,	O
thereby	O
reducing	O
expenditures	O
for	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Based	O
on	O
this	O
principle	O
,	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
aims	O
to	O
prepare	O
for	O
upcoming	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AUTOSAR	B-Application
uses	O
a	O
three-layer	O
architecture	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Basic	O
Software	O
:	O
standardized	O
software	B-Architecture
modules	I-Architecture
(	O
mostly	O
)	O
with	O
no	O
explicit	O
automotive	O
job	O
,	O
but	O
offers	O
services	O
needed	O
to	O
run	O
the	O
functional	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
upper	O
software	O
layer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Runtime	B-Device
environment	I-Device
(	O
RTE	B-Device
)	O
:	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
which	O
abstracts	O
from	O
the	O
network	O
topology	O
for	O
the	O
inter	O
-	O
and	O
intra-ECU	O
information	O
exchange	O
between	O
the	O
application	O
software	O
components	O
and	O
between	O
the	O
Basic	O
Software	O
and	O
the	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Application	O
Layer	O
:	O
application	O
software	O
components	O
that	O
interact	O
with	O
the	O
runtime	B-Device
environment	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
ECU	B-Device
extract	O
:	O
contains	O
the	O
information	O
from	O
the	O
System	O
Configuration	O
Description	O
needed	O
for	O
a	O
specific	O
ECU	B-Device
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
those	O
signals	O
where	O
a	O
specific	O
ECU	B-Device
has	O
access	O
to	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ECU	B-Device
Configuration	O
Description	O
:	O
contains	O
all	O
basic	O
software	O
configuration	O
information	O
that	O
is	O
local	O
to	O
a	O
specific	O
ECU	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Use	O
this	O
information	O
to	O
build	O
the	O
executable	O
software	O
,	O
the	O
code	O
of	O
the	O
basic	O
software	B-Architecture
modules	I-Architecture
and	O
the	O
code	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
components	O
out	O
of	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
classic	O
platform	O
is	O
the	O
standard	O
for	O
embedded	O
real-time	O
ECUs	O
based	O
on	O
OSEK	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
architecture	O
distinguishes	O
between	O
three	O
software	O
layers	O
that	O
run	O
on	O
a	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
:	O
application	O
,	O
runtime	B-Device
environment	I-Device
(	O
RTE	B-Device
)	O
and	O
basic	O
software	O
(	O
BSW	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Communication	O
between	O
software	O
components	O
and	O
access	O
to	O
BSW	O
happens	O
via	O
RTE	B-Device
,	O
which	O
represents	O
the	O
full	O
interface	O
for	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
VFB	O
handles	O
communication	O
within	O
the	O
individual	O
ECU	B-Device
and	O
between	O
ECUs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Classic	O
Platform	O
also	O
enables	O
the	O
integration	O
of	O
non-AUTOSAR	O
systems	O
such	O
as	O
GENIVI	B-Application
,	O
now	O
renamed	O
COVESA	O
,	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
Franca	O
Interface	O
Definition	O
Language	O
(	O
Franca	B-Operating_System
IDL	I-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
to	O
access	O
the	O
latest	O
traffic	O
information	O
or	O
map	O
data	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
microprocessors	O
and	O
high-performance	O
computing	O
hardware	O
for	O
parallel	O
processing	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
graphics	B-Architecture
processing	I-Architecture
units	I-Architecture
(	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
means	O
that	O
the	O
system	O
has	O
to	O
provide	O
secure	O
on-board	O
communication	O
,	O
support	O
of	O
cross-domain	O
computing	O
platforms	O
,	O
smartphone	O
integration	O
,	O
integration	O
of	O
non-AUTOSAR	O
systems	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
support	O
dynamic	O
deployment	O
of	O
customer	O
applications	O
and	O
to	O
provide	O
an	O
environment	O
for	O
applications	O
that	O
require	O
high-end	O
computing	O
power	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
is	O
currently	O
standardizing	O
the	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
Adaptive	O
Platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adaptive	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
is	O
developed	O
and	O
written	O
using	O
C++	O
which	O
is	O
an	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
types	O
of	O
interfaces	O
are	O
available	O
:	O
services	O
and	O
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
(	O
APIs	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
platform	O
consists	O
of	O
functional	O
clusters	O
which	O
are	O
grouped	O
in	O
services	O
and	O
the	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
adaptive	O
platform	O
foundation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Functional	O
clusters	O
in	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
Adaptive	O
Platform	O
have	O
to	O
have	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
instance	O
per	O
(	O
virtual	O
)	O
machine	O
while	O
services	O
may	O
be	O
distributed	O
in	O
the	O
in-car	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
comparison	O
to	O
the	O
Classic	O
Platform	O
,	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
develops	O
an	O
implementation	O
to	O
shorten	O
the	O
validation	O
cycle	O
and	O
illustrate	O
the	O
underlying	O
concepts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
implementation	O
is	O
available	O
to	O
all	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
partners	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
purpose	O
of	O
the	O
foundation	O
standard	O
is	O
to	O
enforce	O
interoperability	O
between	O
the	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
foundation	O
contains	O
common	O
requirements	O
and	O
technical	O
specifications	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
protocols	O
)	O
shared	O
between	O
the	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
platforms	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
common	O
methodology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Standardization	O
of	O
functional	O
interfaces	O
across	O
manufacturers	O
and	O
suppliers	O
and	O
standardization	O
of	O
the	O
interfaces	O
between	O
the	O
different	O
software	O
layers	O
is	O
seen	O
as	O
a	O
basis	O
for	O
achieving	O
the	O
technical	O
goals	O
of	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
AUTOSAR	B-Application
defined	O
six	O
different	O
levels	O
of	O
membership	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
companies	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
organization	O
,	O
administration	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
development	O
partnership	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
Spokesperson	O
takes	O
over	O
the	O
communication	O
with	O
the	O
outside	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Associate	O
partners	O
are	O
making	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
documents	O
AUTOSAR	B-Application
has	O
already	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
