<s>
The	O
ATI	B-Device
Rage	I-Device
(	O
stylized	O
as	O
RAGE	O
or	O
rage	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
graphics	O
chipsets	O
developed	O
by	O
ATI	O
Technologies	O
offering	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
GUI	B-Application
)	O
2D	O
acceleration	O
,	O
video	O
acceleration	O
,	O
and	O
3D	B-Architecture
acceleration	I-Architecture
developed	O
by	O
ATI	O
Technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
the	O
successor	O
to	O
the	O
ATI	B-Device
Mach	I-Device
series	I-Device
of	O
2D	B-Architecture
accelerators	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
3D	O
RAGE	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Mach64	B-Device
GT	O
)	O
chip	O
was	O
based	O
upon	O
a	O
Mach64	B-Device
2D	O
core	O
with	O
new	O
3D	O
functionality	O
and	O
MPEG-1	B-Algorithm
acceleration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
this	O
chip	O
was	O
found	O
integrated	O
into	O
the	O
IBM	O
Aptiva	O
2176	O
line	O
with	O
the	O
Stealth	O
case	O
,	O
and	O
came	O
with	O
a	O
Free	O
Copy	O
of	O
MechWarrior	B-Application
2	I-Application
:	I-Application
31st	I-Application
Century	I-Application
Combat	I-Application
that	O
only	O
worked	O
with	O
this	O
graphics	O
chip	O
to	O
showcase	O
its	O
abilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
second	O
generation	O
Rage	O
(	O
aka	O
Mach64	B-Device
GT-B	O
)	O
offered	O
roughly	O
two	O
times	O
greater	O
3D	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
graphics	B-Architecture
processor	I-Architecture
was	O
based	O
again	O
on	O
a	O
re-engineered	O
Mach64	B-Device
GUI	B-Application
engine	O
that	O
provided	O
optimal	O
2D	O
performance	O
with	O
either	O
single-cycle	O
EDO	O
memory	O
or	O
high-speed	O
SGRAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
second-generation	O
PCI-bus	O
compatible	O
chip	O
boosted	O
2D	O
performance	O
by	O
20	O
percent	O
and	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
(	O
DVD	O
)	O
playback	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
chip	O
also	O
had	O
driver	O
support	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Direct3D	I-Application
and	O
Reality	B-Application
Lab	I-Application
,	O
QuickDraw	B-Operating_System
3D	I-Operating_System
Rave	O
,	O
Criterion	O
RenderWare	O
,	O
and	O
Argonaut	O
BRender	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenGL	B-Application
drivers	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
professional	O
3D	O
and	O
CAD	B-Application
community	O
and	O
Heidi	O
drivers	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
AutoCAD	B-Algorithm
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drivers	O
are	O
also	O
provided	O
in	O
operating	O
systems	O
including	O
Windows	B-Application
95	I-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
,	O
the	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
,	O
OS/2	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
IBM-compatible	O
PCs	O
,	O
several	O
motherboards	B-Device
and	O
video	O
cards	O
used	O
the	O
chipset	O
as	O
well	O
including	O
:	O
the	O
3D	O
Xpression+	O
,	O
the	O
3D	O
Pro	O
Turbo	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
original	O
All-in-Wonder	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
3D	O
Rage	O
IIc	O
was	O
the	O
last	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Rage	O
II	O
core	O
and	O
offered	O
optional	O
AGP	B-Architecture
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
3D	O
Rage	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
chip	O
was	O
designed	O
for	O
Intel	O
's	O
Accelerated	B-Architecture
Graphics	I-Architecture
Port	I-Architecture
(	O
AGP	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
taking	O
advantage	O
of	O
execute-mode	O
texturing	O
,	O
command	O
pipelining	O
,	O
sideband	B-Architecture
addressing	I-Architecture
,	O
and	O
full	O
2×	O
-mode	O
protocols	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RAGE	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
offered	O
performance	O
in	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
Nvidia	O
's	O
RIVA	B-Device
128	I-Device
and	O
3dfx	O
's	O
Voodoo	O
accelerator	O
,	O
but	O
generally	O
failed	O
to	O
match	O
or	O
exceed	O
its	O
competitors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
its	O
(	O
early	O
)	O
lack	O
of	O
OpenGL	B-Application
support	O
,	O
hurt	O
sales	O
for	O
what	O
was	O
touted	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
solid	O
gaming	O
solution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
1998	O
,	O
ATI	O
introduced	O
the	O
2x	O
AGP	B-Architecture
version	O
of	O
the	O
Rage	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
to	O
the	O
OEM	O
market	O
and	O
attempted	O
to	O
reinvent	O
the	O
Rage	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
for	O
the	O
retail	O
market	O
,	O
by	O
simultaneously	O
renaming	O
the	O
chip	O
to	O
Rage	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
Turbo	I-Device
,	O
and	O
releasing	O
a	O
new	O
Rage	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
Turbo	I-Device
driver-set	O
(	O
4.10.2312	O
)	O
that	O
supposedly	O
increased	O
performance	O
by	O
40%	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
the	O
poor	O
introduction	O
,	O
the	O
name	O
Rage	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
Turbo	I-Device
stuck	O
,	O
and	O
eventually	O
ATI	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
release	O
updated	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
driver	O
which	O
granted	O
a	O
visible	O
performance	O
increase	O
in	O
games	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
this	O
was	O
still	O
not	O
enough	O
to	O
garner	O
much	O
interest	O
from	O
PC	O
enthusiasts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
3D	O
Rage	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
was	O
mainly	O
sold	O
in	O
the	O
retail	O
market	O
as	O
the	O
Xpert	O
@Work	O
or	O
the	O
Xpert	O
@Play	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
only	O
difference	O
being	O
a	O
TV-out	B-Device
port	I-Device
on	O
the	O
Xpert	O
@Play	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
General	O
Specifications	O
for	O
the	O
3D	O
Rage	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
:	O
</s>
<s>
Rage	O
LT	O
or	O
Mach64	B-Device
LT	O
was	O
often	O
implemented	O
on	O
motherboards	B-Device
and	O
in	O
mobile	O
applications	O
like	O
notebook	B-Device
computers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
integrated	O
a	O
low-voltage	B-Architecture
differential	I-Architecture
signaling	I-Architecture
(	O
LVDS	B-Architecture
)	O
transmitter	O
for	O
notebook	B-Device
LCDs	B-Device
and	O
advanced	O
power	O
management	O
(	O
block-by-block	O
power	O
control	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
RAGE	O
LT	O
PRO	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
3D	O
RAGE	B-Device
PRO	I-Device
,	O
was	O
the	O
very	O
first	O
mobile	O
GPU	B-Architecture
to	O
use	O
AGP	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
ATI	O
's	O
ImpacTV2+	O
is	O
integrated	O
with	O
the	O
RAGE	O
LT	O
PRO	O
chip	O
to	O
support	O
multi-screen	O
viewing	O
;	O
i.e.	O
,	O
simultaneous	O
outputs	O
to	O
TV	O
,	O
CRT	B-Device
and	O
LCD	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
RAGE	O
LT	O
PRO	O
can	O
drive	O
two	O
displays	O
with	O
different	O
images	O
and/or	O
refresh	O
rates	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
integrated	O
dual	O
,	O
independent	O
CRT	B-Device
controllers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Rage	O
LT	O
Pro	O
was	O
often	O
used	O
in	O
desktop	O
video	O
cards	O
that	O
had	O
a	O
VESA	B-Protocol
Digital	I-Protocol
Flat	I-Protocol
Panel	I-Protocol
port	O
to	O
drive	O
some	O
desktop	O
LCD	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
digitally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
ATI	O
stopped	O
producing	O
the	O
RAGE	O
LT	O
,	O
ATI	O
used	O
the	O
Rage	B-Device
128	I-Device
and	O
Rage	B-Device
128	I-Device
Pro	O
as	O
the	O
base	O
chip	O
for	O
their	O
new	O
Mobility	O
Mobile	O
Graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
low-power	O
chip	O
with	O
capable	O
2D	O
&	O
3D	B-Architecture
acceleration	I-Architecture
,	O
the	O
Rage	O
XL	O
was	O
used	O
on	O
many	O
low-end	O
graphics	O
cards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
also	O
seen	O
on	O
Intel	O
motherboards	B-Device
as	O
recently	O
as	O
2004	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
still	O
used	O
in	O
2006	O
for	O
server	O
motherboards	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
chip	O
was	O
basically	O
a	O
die-shrunk	O
Rage	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
,	O
optimized	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
inexpensive	O
for	O
applications	O
where	O
only	O
basic	O
graphics	O
output	O
was	O
necessary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rage	O
XL	O
has	O
improved	O
bilinear	O
filtering	O
on	O
transparent	O
textures	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
Rage	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
continuing	O
struggle	O
to	O
create	O
the	O
fastest	O
and	O
most	O
advanced	O
3D	B-Architecture
accelerator	I-Architecture
,	O
ATI	O
came	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
RAGE	B-Device
128	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
chip	O
was	O
announced	O
in	O
two	O
flavors	O
,	O
the	O
RAGE	B-Device
128	I-Device
GL	O
and	O
the	O
RAGE	B-Device
128	I-Device
VR	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aside	O
from	O
the	O
VR	O
chip	O
's	O
lower	O
price	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
difference	O
was	O
that	O
the	O
former	O
was	O
a	O
full	O
128-bit	O
design	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
VR	O
,	O
still	O
a	O
128-bit	O
processor	O
internally	O
,	O
used	O
a	O
64-bit	B-Device
external	O
memory	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Xpert	O
128	O
-	O
16MB	O
SDRAM	O
memory	O
and	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
others	O
,	O
used	O
the	O
RAGE	B-Device
128	I-Device
GL	O
chip	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rage	O
Orion	O
-	O
RAGE	B-Device
128	I-Device
GL	O
design	O
specifically	O
intended	O
for	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
with	O
16MB	O
SDRAM	O
memory	O
,	O
OpenGL	B-Application
and	O
QuickDraw	O
3D/RAVE	O
support	O
,	O
essentially	O
a	O
market-specific	O
Xpert	O
128	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
card	O
supported	O
more	O
and	O
different	O
video	O
resolutions	O
than	O
later	O
Mac-specific	O
RAGE	B-Device
128	I-Device
designs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nexus	O
128	O
-	O
Also	O
a	O
Mac-specific	O
RAGE	B-Device
128	I-Device
GL	O
design	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
32MB	O
of	O
RAM	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
Rage	O
Fury	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Xclaim	O
VR	O
128	O
-	O
Also	O
a	O
Mac-specific	O
RAGE	B-Device
128	I-Device
GL	O
design	O
with	O
16MB	O
SDRAM	O
memory	O
,	O
but	O
included	O
video	O
capture	O
,	O
video	O
out	O
,	O
TV	O
tuner	O
support	O
and	O
QuickTime	B-Application
video	O
acceleration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Xpert	O
2000	O
-	O
RAGE	B-Device
128	I-Device
VR	O
design	O
using	O
64-bit	B-Device
memory	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rage	B-Device
128	I-Device
was	O
compliant	O
to	O
Direct3D	B-Application
6	O
and	O
OpenGL	B-Application
1.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
supported	O
many	O
features	O
from	O
the	O
previous	O
RAGE	O
chips	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
triangle	O
setup	O
,	O
DVD	O
acceleration	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
capable	O
VGA/GUI	O
accelerator	O
core	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RAGE	B-Device
128	I-Device
added	O
inverse	B-General_Concept
discrete	I-General_Concept
cosine	I-General_Concept
transform	I-General_Concept
(	O
IDCT	B-General_Concept
)	O
acceleration	O
to	O
the	O
DVD	O
repertoire	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
ATI	O
's	O
first	O
dual	O
texturing	O
renderer	O
,	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
output	O
two	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
per	O
clock	O
(	O
two	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
pipelines	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
processor	O
was	O
known	O
for	O
its	O
well-performing	O
32-bit	O
color	O
mode	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
its	O
poorly	O
dithered	O
16-bit	O
mode	O
;	O
the	O
RAGE	B-Device
128	I-Device
was	O
not	O
much	O
faster	O
in	O
16-bit	O
color	O
despite	O
the	O
lower	O
bandwidth	O
requirements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
32-bit	O
mode	O
,	O
RAGE	B-Device
128	I-Device
was	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
match	O
for	O
the	O
RIVA	B-Device
TNT	I-Device
,	O
and	O
the	O
Voodoo	B-Device
3	I-Device
did	O
not	O
support	O
32-bit	O
at	O
all	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
chip	O
was	O
meant	O
to	O
compete	O
with	O
the	O
NVIDIA	B-Device
RIVA	I-Device
TNT	I-Device
,	O
Matrox	B-General_Concept
G200	I-General_Concept
and	O
3dfx	O
Voodoo	O
2	O
in	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ATI	O
implemented	O
a	O
caching	B-General_Concept
technique	O
it	O
called	O
Twin	O
Cache	O
Architecture	O
(	O
TCA	O
)	O
with	O
Rage	B-Device
128	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Rage	B-Device
128	I-Device
used	O
an	O
8kB	O
buffer	O
to	O
store	O
texels	O
that	O
were	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
3D	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
improve	O
performance	O
even	O
more	O
,	O
ATI	O
engineers	O
also	O
incorporated	O
an	O
8KB	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
cache	O
used	O
to	O
write	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
back	O
to	O
the	O
frame	B-Algorithm
buffer	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
,	O
ATI	O
developed	O
a	O
successor	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
Rage	B-Device
128	I-Device
,	O
called	O
the	O
Rage	B-Device
128	I-Device
Pro	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Rage	B-Device
128	I-Device
Pro	O
was	O
generally	O
an	O
even	O
match	O
for	O
the	O
Voodoo	B-Device
3	I-Device
2000	O
,	O
RIVA	B-Device
TNT2	I-Device
and	O
Matrox	B-Application
G400	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
often	O
hindered	O
by	O
its	O
lower	O
clock	O
(	O
often	O
at	O
125MHz	O
)	O
when	O
competing	O
against	O
the	O
high	O
end	O
Voodoo3	B-Device
3500	O
,	O
TNT2	B-Device
ultra	O
and	O
G400	O
MAX	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Rage	B-Device
Fury	I-Device
MAXX	I-Device
board	O
held	O
dual	O
Rage	B-Device
128	I-Device
Pro	O
chips	O
in	O
an	O
alternate	O
frame	O
rendering	O
(	O
AFR	O
)	O
configuration	O
to	O
allow	O
a	O
near-double	O
increase	O
in	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
name	O
says	O
,	O
AFR	O
renders	O
each	O
frame	O
on	O
an	O
independent	O
graphics	B-Architecture
processor	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
board	O
was	O
meant	O
to	O
compete	O
with	O
the	O
NVIDIA	O
GeForce	B-Device
256	I-Device
and	O
later	O
the	O
3dfx	O
Voodoo	B-General_Concept
5	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
it	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
somewhat	O
match	O
32MB	O
SDR	O
GeForce	B-Device
256	I-Device
boards	O
,	O
the	O
GeForce	B-Device
256	I-Device
cards	O
with	O
DDR	O
memory	O
still	O
easily	O
came	O
out	O
on	O
top	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
there	O
were	O
few	O
games	O
that	O
supported	O
hardware	O
transform	B-Algorithm
,	I-Algorithm
clipping	I-Algorithm
,	I-Algorithm
and	I-Algorithm
lighting	I-Algorithm
(	O
T&L	B-Algorithm
)	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
MAXX	O
's	O
lack	O
of	O
hardware	B-Algorithm
T&L	I-Algorithm
would	O
put	O
it	O
at	O
a	O
disadvantage	O
when	O
such	O
titles	O
became	O
more	O
widespread	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
later	O
discovered	O
by	O
ATI	O
that	O
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
5.x	O
operating	O
systems	O
(	O
Windows	O
2000	O
,	O
XP	O
)	O
did	O
not	O
support	O
dual	O
AGP	B-Architecture
GPUs	B-Architecture
in	O
the	O
way	O
ATI	O
had	O
implemented	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NT	O
put	O
them	O
both	O
on	O
the	O
AGP	B-Architecture
bus	O
and	O
switched	O
between	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
the	O
board	O
could	O
only	O
operate	O
as	O
a	O
single	O
Rage	B-Device
128	I-Device
Pro	O
with	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
a	O
Rage	O
Fury	O
card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
optimal	O
OS	O
for	O
the	O
Rage	B-Device
Fury	I-Device
MAXX	I-Device
is	O
Windows	O
98/ME	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Application
95	I-Application
and	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
were	O
not	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Rage	B-Device
128	I-Device
Pro	O
graphics	B-Architecture
accelerator	I-Architecture
was	O
the	O
final	O
revision	O
of	O
the	O
Rage	O
architecture	O
and	O
last	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Rage	O
brand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
next	O
iteration	O
was	O
initially	O
code-named	O
Rage	O
6	O
,	O
ATI	O
decided	O
to	O
rename	O
it	O
Radeon	B-Device
,	O
the	O
name	O
is	O
still	O
used	O
by	O
AMD	O
until	O
now	O
,	O
after	O
acquiring	O
ATI	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
