<s>
ASCEND	B-Application
is	O
an	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
,	O
mathematical	O
modelling	O
chemical	O
process	O
modelling	O
system	O
developed	O
at	O
Carnegie	O
Mellon	O
University	O
since	O
late	O
1978	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ASCEND	B-Application
is	O
an	O
acronym	O
which	O
stands	O
for	O
Advanced	O
System	O
for	O
Computations	O
in	O
Engineering	O
Design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ASCEND	B-Application
includes	O
nonlinear	O
algebraic	O
solvers	B-Application
,	O
differential/algebraic	O
equation	O
solvers	B-Application
,	O
nonlinear	O
optimization	O
and	O
modelling	O
of	O
multi-region	O
'	O
conditional	O
models	O
 '	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
matrix	O
operations	O
are	O
supported	O
by	O
an	O
efficient	O
sparse	B-Algorithm
matrix	I-Algorithm
solver	B-Application
called	O
mtx	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ASCEND	B-Application
differs	O
from	O
earlier	O
modelling	O
systems	O
because	O
it	O
separates	O
the	O
solving	O
strategy	O
from	O
model	O
building	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
So	O
domain	O
experts	O
(	O
people	O
writing	O
the	O
models	O
)	O
and	O
computational	O
engineers	O
(	O
people	O
writing	O
the	O
solver	B-Application
code	O
)	O
can	O
work	O
separately	O
in	O
developing	O
ASCEND	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Together	O
with	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
early	O
modelling	O
tools	O
,	O
its	O
architecture	O
helped	O
to	O
inspire	O
newer	O
languages	O
such	O
as	O
Modelica	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
software	O
remains	O
as	O
an	O
active	O
open-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
project	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Google	O
Summer	O
of	O
Code	O
programme	O
in	O
2009	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
2013	O
(	O
under	O
the	O
Python	B-Language
Software	O
Foundation	O
)	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
accepted	O
for	O
the	O
2015	O
programme	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
