<s>
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
is	O
a	O
standard	O
which	O
aims	O
to	O
normalize	O
the	O
definition	O
of	O
a	O
Cockpit	B-Application
Display	I-Application
System	I-Application
(	O
CDS	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
communication	O
between	O
the	O
CDS	O
and	O
User	O
Applications	O
(	O
UA	O
)	O
which	O
manage	O
aircraft	O
avionics	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GUI	B-Application
definition	O
is	O
completely	O
defined	O
in	O
binary	O
Definition	O
Files	O
(	O
DF	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CDS	O
software	O
is	O
constituted	O
of	O
a	O
kernel	O
which	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
create	O
the	O
GUI	B-Application
hierarchy	O
specified	O
in	O
the	O
DF	O
during	O
initialization	O
,	O
thus	O
not	O
needing	O
to	O
be	O
recompiled	O
if	O
the	O
GUI	B-Application
definition	O
changes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AgustaWestland	O
company	O
use	O
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
Touchscreen	B-Device
unit	O
in	O
the	O
upgraded	O
Merlin	O
helicopter	O
for	O
the	O
Royal	O
Navy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2011	O
,	O
Embraer	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
selected	O
SCADE	O
Solutions	O
for	O
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
,	O
a	O
COTS	O
(	O
Commercial	O
Off	O
The	O
Shelf	O
)	O
tool	O
for	O
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
development	O
,	O
for	O
its	O
future	O
developments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
Part	O
2	O
is	O
currently	O
in	O
development	O
,	O
allowing	O
to	O
specify	O
look	B-Application
and	I-Application
feel	I-Application
for	O
widgets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
GUI	B-Application
definition	O
of	O
the	O
CDS	O
interface	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
binary	O
file	O
called	O
DF	O
(	O
Definition	O
File	O
)	O
defining	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
graphical	B-Application
interface	I-Application
tree	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GUI	B-Application
tree	O
is	O
instantiated	O
at	O
initialization	O
time	O
(	O
called	O
the	O
Definition	O
Phase	O
in	O
the	O
standard	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
CDS	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
definition	O
contained	O
in	O
the	O
DF	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
does	O
not	O
imply	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
particular	O
Data	O
bus	O
structure	O
to	O
perform	O
the	O
low-level	O
communication	O
between	O
CDS	O
and	O
UA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
an	O
ARINC	O
429	O
or	O
Ethernet	O
protocol	O
such	O
as	O
ARINC	B-Protocol
664	I-Protocol
can	O
be	O
used	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
mandatory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Definition	O
File	O
(	O
DF	O
)	O
specifies	O
the	O
GUI	B-Application
definition	O
associated	O
with	O
one	O
User	O
Application	O
(	O
note	O
that	O
a	O
User	O
Application	O
may	O
be	O
associated	O
by	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
DF	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
DF	O
binary	O
file	O
specifies	O
the	O
GUI	B-Application
definition	O
for	O
one	O
User	O
Application	O
(	O
UA	O
)	O
User	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
widget	B-Library
library	I-Library
is	O
similar	O
to	O
Widgets	O
used	O
in	O
computing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
Containers	B-Application
,	O
Lists	O
,	O
ScrollPanes	O
,	O
Buttons	O
,	O
Menus	O
,	O
Labels	O
,	O
EditBoxes	O
,	O
etc	O
...	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
DF	O
File	O
is	O
binary	O
,	O
the	O
standard	O
has	O
also	O
defined	O
an	O
associated	O
XML	B-Protocol
definition	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
easier	O
to	O
manipulate	O
in	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concepts	O
used	O
by	O
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
are	O
close	O
to	O
those	O
used	O
in	O
User	B-Language
interface	I-Language
markup	I-Language
languages	I-Language
,	O
except	O
that	O
the	O
UI	B-Application
language	I-Application
is	O
binary	O
and	O
not	O
XML	B-Protocol
based	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Main	O
similarities	O
from	O
other	O
User	B-Language
interface	I-Language
markup	I-Language
languages	I-Language
:	O
</s>
<s>
Main	O
differences	O
from	O
other	O
User	B-Language
interface	I-Language
markup	I-Language
languages	I-Language
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
widget	B-Library
library	I-Library
defined	O
in	O
the	O
standard	O
does	O
not	O
really	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
its	O
object	O
nature	O
,	O
contrary	O
to	O
other	O
User	B-Language
interface	I-Language
markup	I-Language
languages	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
Widget	B-Library
toolkits	I-Library
or	O
User	B-Language
interface	I-Language
markup	I-Language
languages	I-Language
have	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
lay	O
out	O
widgets	O
automatically	O
in	O
a	O
container	B-Application
(	O
see	O
for	O
example	O
the	O
box	O
model	O
in	O
XUL	B-Application
,	O
or	O
the	O
layouts	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
Swing	I-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Widgets	O
position	O
and	O
size	O
in	O
their	O
container	B-Application
must	O
always	O
be	O
defined	O
exactly	O
in	O
an	O
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
definition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
supplement	O
3	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
has	O
added	O
a	O
limited	O
sort	O
of	O
"	O
relative	O
"	O
layout	O
capability	O
between	O
widgets	O
(	O
see	O
Layout	B-Library
manager	I-Library
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
no	O
mechanism	O
for	O
defining	O
the	O
presentation	O
and	O
interactive	O
behavior	O
of	O
elements	O
equivalent	O
to	O
XBL	B-Application
used	O
in	O
XUL	B-Application
(	O
or	O
sXBL	B-Language
used	O
in	O
SVG	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
no	O
equivalent	O
of	O
CSS	B-Language
,	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
XUL	B-Application
or	O
SVG	B-Application
for	O
example	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
,	O
the	O
Look	B-Application
and	I-Application
feel	I-Application
of	O
the	O
interface	O
is	O
hard-coded	O
in	O
the	O
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
kernel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standard	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
an	O
equivalent	O
of	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
as	O
used	O
in	O
SVG	B-Application
and	O
XUL	B-Application
,	O
so	O
all	O
specific	O
behavior	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
widgets	O
must	O
be	O
performed	O
by	O
the	O
UAs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
example	O
presents	O
the	O
XML	B-Protocol
Definition	O
File	O
for	O
a	O
Layer	O
containing	O
a	O
panel	O
enclosing	O
a	O
label	O
,	O
which	O
shows	O
the	O
text	O
"	O
Hello	O
World	O
!	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
that	O
contrary	O
to	O
most	O
widget	B-Library
toolkits	I-Library
,	O
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
widgets	O
origins	O
are	O
relative	O
to	O
the	O
lower	O
left-hand	O
corner	O
of	O
their	O
parent	O
container	B-Application
,	O
and	O
screen	O
units	O
are	O
not	O
in	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
but	O
in	O
1/100	O
of	O
millimeters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
GUI	B-Application
development	O
includes	O
tools	O
for	O
the	O
specification	O
of	O
definition	O
files	O
and	O
the	O
kernel	O
that	O
use	O
these	O
files	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Thanks	O
to	O
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
concepts	O
,	O
the	O
specification	O
tools	O
have	O
no	O
dependency	O
on	O
the	O
execution	O
platform	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
COTS	O
specification	O
tools	O
for	O
DF	O
specification	O
currently	O
include	O
PRESAGIS	O
VAPS	O
XT	O
661	O
Toolkit	O
,	O
SCADE	O
Solutions	O
for	O
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
Compliant	O
Systems	O
,	O
and	O
DiSTI	O
's	O
GL	O
Studio	O
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
Toolkit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ansys	B-Application
(	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
Esterel	O
Technologies	O
)	O
announced	O
on	O
October	O
13	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
in	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SCADE	O
Solutions	O
for	O
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
allow	O
creating	O
both	O
ARINC	O
661-compliant	O
CDS	O
and	O
UA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
CDS	O
developers	O
,	O
the	O
toolchain	O
features	O
a	O
complete	O
customizable	O
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
compliant	O
model-based	O
widgets	O
library	O
and	O
the	O
automated	O
generation	O
of	O
a	O
portable	O
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
server	O
,	O
compliant	O
with	O
the	O
DO-178B/DO	O
-178C	O
safety	O
objectives	O
up	O
to	O
level	O
A	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
UA	O
developers	O
,	O
the	O
toolchain	O
features	O
the	O
model-based	O
design	O
and	O
generation	O
of	O
DFs	O
and	O
the	O
automatic	O
generation	O
of	O
communication	O
code	O
between	O
SCADE	O
Suite	O
UA	O
models	O
and	O
the	O
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
Server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PRESAGIS	O
introduced	O
the	O
first	O
COTS	O
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
development	O
tool	O
which	O
allows	O
creation	O
of	O
Widgets	O
,	O
Layers	O
,	O
DF	O
Generation	O
and	O
embeddable	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
COTS	O
CDS	O
kernel	O
with	O
DO-178B/C	O
certification	O
artifacts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
the	O
burden	O
of	O
Avionics	B-Application
software	I-Application
certification	O
,	O
the	O
kernel	O
must	O
be	O
embedded	O
in	O
a	O
DO-178-compliant	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flexible	O
Software	O
Solutions	O
introduced	O
COTS	O
developing	O
,	O
testing	O
and	O
analysis	O
tools	O
for	O
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
protocol	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
software	O
tool	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
develop	O
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
user	O
applications	O
while	O
the	O
software	O
tool	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
test	O
and	O
debug	O
UA	O
and	O
CDS	O
ARINC	B-Application
661	I-Application
messaging	O
.	O
</s>
