<s>
API	B-Application
management	I-Application
is	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
creating	O
and	O
publishing	O
web	O
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
(	O
APIs	B-Application
)	O
,	O
enforcing	O
their	O
usage	O
policies	O
,	O
controlling	O
access	O
,	O
nurturing	O
the	O
subscriber	O
community	O
,	O
collecting	O
and	O
analyzing	O
usage	O
statistics	O
,	O
and	O
reporting	O
on	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
API	B-Application
Management	I-Application
components	O
provide	O
mechanisms	O
and	O
tools	O
to	O
support	O
developer	O
and	O
subscriber	O
communities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
solutions	O
vary	O
,	O
components	O
that	O
provide	O
the	O
following	O
functions	O
are	O
typically	O
found	O
in	O
API	B-Application
management	I-Application
products	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Gateway	O
:	O
a	O
server	O
that	O
acts	O
as	O
an	O
API	B-Application
front-end	O
,	O
receives	O
API	B-Application
requests	O
,	O
enforces	O
throttling	O
and	O
security	O
policies	O
,	O
passes	O
requests	O
to	O
the	O
back-end	O
service	O
and	O
then	O
passes	O
the	O
response	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
requester	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
gateway	O
often	O
includes	O
a	O
transformation	O
engine	O
to	O
orchestrate	B-Application
and	O
modify	O
the	O
requests	O
and	O
responses	O
on	O
the	O
fly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
gateway	O
can	O
provide	O
the	O
functionality	O
to	O
support	O
authentication	O
,	O
authorization	O
,	O
security	O
,	O
audit	O
and	O
regulatory	O
compliance.It	O
can	O
be	O
implemented	O
by	O
a	O
Reverse	B-General_Concept
proxy	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Publishing	O
tools	O
:	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
tools	O
that	O
API	B-Application
providers	O
use	O
to	O
define	O
APIs	B-Application
,	O
for	O
instance	O
using	O
the	O
OpenAPI	B-Architecture
or	O
RAML	B-Application
specifications	O
,	O
generate	O
API	B-Application
documentation	I-Application
,	O
govern	O
API	B-Application
usage	O
through	O
access	O
and	O
usage	O
policies	O
for	O
APIs	B-Application
,	O
test	O
and	O
debug	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
API	B-Application
,	O
including	O
security	O
testing	O
and	O
automated	O
generation	O
of	O
tests	O
and	O
test	O
suites	O
,	O
deploy	O
APIs	B-Application
into	O
production	O
,	O
staging	O
,	O
and	O
quality	O
assurance	O
environments	O
,	O
and	O
coordinate	O
the	O
overall	O
API	B-Application
lifecycle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developer	O
portal/API	O
store	O
:	O
community	O
site	O
,	O
typically	O
branded	O
by	O
an	O
API	B-Application
provider	O
,	O
that	O
can	O
encapsulate	O
for	O
API	B-Application
users	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
convenient	O
source	O
information	O
and	O
functionality	O
including	O
documentation	O
,	O
tutorials	O
,	O
sample	O
code	O
,	O
software	O
development	O
kits	O
,	O
an	O
interactive	O
API	B-Application
console	O
and	O
sandbox	O
to	O
trial	O
APIs	B-Application
,	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
subscribe	O
to	O
the	O
APIs	B-Application
and	O
manage	O
subscription	O
keys	O
such	O
as	O
OAuth2	O
Client	O
ID	O
and	O
Client	O
Secret	O
,	O
and	O
obtain	O
support	O
from	O
the	O
API	B-Application
provider	O
and	O
user	O
and	O
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reporting	O
and	O
analytics	O
:	O
functionality	O
to	O
monitor	O
API	B-Application
usage	O
and	O
load	O
(	O
overall	O
hits	O
,	O
completed	O
transactions	O
,	O
number	O
of	O
data	O
objects	O
returned	O
,	O
amount	O
of	O
compute	O
time	O
and	O
other	O
internal	O
resources	O
consumed	O
,	O
the	O
volume	O
of	O
data	O
transferred	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
can	O
include	O
real-time	O
monitoring	O
of	O
the	O
API	B-Application
with	O
alerts	O
being	O
raised	O
directly	O
or	O
via	O
a	O
higher-level	O
network	O
management	O
system	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
load	O
on	O
an	O
API	B-Application
has	O
become	O
too	O
great	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
functionality	O
to	O
analyze	O
historical	O
data	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
transaction	O
logs	O
,	O
to	O
detect	O
usage	O
trends	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Functionality	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
provided	O
to	O
create	O
synthetic	O
transactions	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
performance	O
and	O
behavior	O
of	O
API	B-Application
endpoints	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
information	O
gathered	O
by	O
the	O
reporting	O
and	O
analytics	O
functionality	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
API	B-Application
provider	O
to	O
optimize	O
the	O
API	B-Application
offering	O
within	O
an	O
organization	O
's	O
overall	O
continuous	O
improvement	O
process	O
and	O
for	O
defining	O
software	O
Service-Level	O
Agreements	O
for	O
APIs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Monetization	O
:	O
functionality	O
to	O
support	O
charging	O
for	O
access	O
to	O
commercial	O
APIs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
number	O
of	O
industry	O
analysts	O
have	O
observed	O
that	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
for	O
API	B-Application
management	I-Application
solutions	O
has	O
been	O
growing	O
rapidly	O
since	O
the	O
early	O
2010s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gartner	O
estimated	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
for	O
API	B-Application
management	I-Application
to	O
be	O
$70million	O
in	O
2013	O
and	O
to	O
be	O
growing	O
at	O
40%	O
a	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Forrester	O
Research	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
alone	O
,	O
annual	O
spend	O
on	O
API	B-Application
management	I-Application
was	O
$140million	O
in	O
2014	O
,	O
expected	O
to	O
grow	O
to	O
$660million	O
by	O
2020	O
with	O
total	O
global	O
sales	O
are	O
predicted	O
to	O
exceed	O
a	O
billion	O
dollars	O
by	O
that	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
