<s>
The	O
AN/FSQ	B-Device
-7	I-Device
Combat	I-Device
Direction	I-Device
Central	I-Device
,	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
the	O
Q7	O
for	O
short	O
,	O
was	O
a	O
computerized	O
command	O
and	O
control	O
system	O
for	O
Cold	B-Application
War	I-Application
ground-controlled	O
interception	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
USAF	O
Semi-Automatic	B-Device
Ground	I-Device
Environment	I-Device
(	O
SAGE	O
)	O
air	O
defense	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
advancement	O
of	O
the	O
pioneering	O
MIT	B-Device
Whirlwind	I-Device
II	O
digital	O
computer	O
design	O
,	O
and	O
manufactured	O
by	O
IBM	O
as	O
prime	O
contractor	O
,	O
the	O
AN/FSQ	B-Device
-7	I-Device
was	O
the	O
largest	O
discrete	O
computer	O
system	O
ever	O
built	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AN/FSQ	B-Device
-7	I-Device
used	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
60,000	O
vacuum	O
tubes	O
(	O
49,000	O
in	O
the	O
computers	O
)	O
and	O
up	O
to	O
3	O
megawatts	O
of	O
electricity	O
,	O
performing	O
about	O
75,000	O
instructions	O
per	O
second	O
for	O
networking	O
regional	O
radars	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Installations	O
in	O
the	O
USAF	O
Semi-Automatic	B-Device
Ground	I-Device
Environment	I-Device
(	O
SAGE	O
)	O
air	O
defense	O
network	O
were	O
configured	O
as	O
duplex	O
systems	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
AN/FSQ	B-Device
-7	I-Device
computers	O
to	O
provide	O
fault	B-General_Concept
tolerance	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AN/FSQ	B-Device
-7	I-Device
calculated	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
predicted	O
interception	O
points	O
for	O
assigning	O
manned	O
aircraft	O
or	O
CIM-10	O
Bomarc	O
missiles	O
to	O
intercept	O
an	O
intruder	O
using	O
the	O
Automatic	O
Target	O
and	O
Battery	O
Evaluation	O
(	O
ATABE	O
)	O
algorithm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
United	O
States	O
radar	B-Application
network	O
used	O
voice	O
reporting	O
to	O
the	O
1939	O
Twin	O
Lights	O
Station	O
in	O
New	O
Jersey	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
post-World	O
War	O
II	O
experimental	O
Cape	O
Cod	O
System	O
used	O
a	O
Whirlwind	B-Device
I	I-Device
computer	O
at	O
Cambridge	O
,	O
Massachusetts	O
to	O
network	O
long-range	O
and	O
several	O
short-range	O
radars	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
key	O
Whirlwind	B-Device
modification	O
for	O
radar	B-Application
netting	O
was	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
magnetic-core	O
memory	O
that	O
vastly	O
improved	O
reliability	O
,	O
doubled	O
operating	O
speed	O
,	O
and	O
quadrupled	O
input	O
speed	O
relative	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
Williams	B-General_Concept
tube	I-General_Concept
memory	O
of	O
the	O
Whirlwind	B-Device
I	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AN/FSQ	B-Device
-7	I-Device
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
larger	O
and	O
faster	O
(	O
but	O
uncompleted	O
)	O
Whirlwind	B-Device
II	I-Device
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
proved	O
too	O
much	O
for	O
MIT	O
's	O
resources	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
IBM	O
being	O
retained	O
as	O
prime	O
contractor	O
though	O
the	O
MIT	O
Lincoln	O
Laboratory	O
Division	O
6	O
still	O
participated	O
in	O
AN/FSQ	B-Device
-7	I-Device
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar	O
to	O
the	O
Q7	O
,	O
the	O
smaller	O
AN/FSQ	B-Device
-8	I-Device
Combat	I-Device
Control	I-Device
Central	I-Device
was	O
produced	O
without	O
an	O
and	O
other	O
equipment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
simplex	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
AN/FSQ	B-Device
-7	I-Device
was	O
located	O
at	O
the	O
premises	O
of	O
the	O
System	O
Development	O
Corporation	O
in	O
Santa	O
Monica	O
,	O
California	O
from	O
1957	O
until	O
the	O
premises	O
were	O
vacated	O
some	O
time	O
after	O
1981	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
experimental	B-Device
SAGE	I-Device
subsector	I-Device
,	O
located	O
in	O
Lexington	O
,	O
Massachusetts	O
,	O
was	O
completed	O
in	O
1955	O
,	O
equipped	O
with	O
a	O
prototype	O
AN/FSQ	B-Device
-7	I-Device
known	O
as	O
XD-1	O
in	O
Building	O
F	O
.	O
The	O
third	O
evaluation	O
run	O
with	O
the	O
XD-1	O
was	O
in	O
August	O
and	O
the	O
prototype	O
was	O
complete	O
in	O
October	O
1955	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
displays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DC-1	O
at	O
McGuire	O
Air	O
Force	O
Base	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
operational	O
site	O
of	O
the	O
AN/FSQ	B-Device
-7	I-Device
with	O
consoles	O
scheduled	O
for	O
delivery	O
Aug	O
–	O
Oct	O
1956	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SAGE/Missile	O
Master	O
test	O
program	O
conducted	O
large-scale	O
field	O
testing	O
of	O
the	O
ATABE	O
mathematical	O
model	O
using	O
radar	B-Application
tracks	O
of	O
actual	O
Strategic	O
Air	O
Command	O
and	O
Air	O
Defense	O
Command	O
aircraft	O
conducting	O
mock	O
penetrations	O
into	O
defense	O
sectors	O
(	O
cf	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Back-Up	O
Interceptor	O
Control	O
Systems	O
(	O
BUIC	O
)	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
AN/FSQ	B-Device
-7s	I-Device
:	O
two	O
remained	O
at	O
SAGE	O
sites	O
until	O
1983	O
including	O
McChord	O
AFB	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Q7	O
at	O
Luke	O
AFB	O
was	O
demolished	O
in	O
February	O
1984	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SABRE	B-Application
airline	O
reservation	O
system	O
used	O
AN/FSQ	B-Device
-7	I-Device
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Q7	O
components	O
were	O
used	O
in	O
The	O
Time	O
Tunnel	O
,	O
The	O
Towering	O
Inferno	O
,	O
Logan	O
's	O
Run	O
,	O
WarGames	B-Application
,	O
Independence	O
Day	O
,	O
Planet	O
of	O
the	O
Apes	O
TV	O
series	O
(	O
Season	O
1	O
,	O
Episode	O
5	O
,	O
"	O
The	O
Legacy	O
"	O
aired	O
October	O
1974	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Computer	O
History	O
Museum	O
displays	O
several	O
AN/FSQ	B-Device
-7	I-Device
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Central	O
Computer	O
System	O
of	O
the	O
AN/FSQ	B-Device
-7	I-Device
had	O
two	O
computers	O
for	O
redundancy	O
each	O
with	O
Arithmetic	O
,	O
Core	O
Memory	O
,	O
Instruction	O
Control	O
,	O
Maintenance	O
Control	O
,	O
Selection	O
&	O
IO	O
Control	O
,	O
and	O
Program	O
elements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Q7	O
had	O
input/output	B-General_Concept
devices	I-General_Concept
such	O
as	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Display	O
and	O
Warning	O
Light	O
System	O
with	O
dozens	O
of	O
consoles	O
in	O
various	O
rooms	O
having	O
Situation	O
Display	O
Tubes	O
,	O
Digital	O
Display	O
Tubes	O
,	O
and	O
controls	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
push	O
buttons	O
and	O
light	B-Device
gun	I-Device
)	O
including	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Punched	B-Architecture
card	I-Architecture
data	O
was	O
transferred	O
to	O
and	O
from	O
the	O
core	O
memory	O
as	O
binary	B-Algorithm
images	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FSQ-7	B-Device
and	O
-8	O
used	O
core	O
memory	O
with	O
32-bit	O
words	O
plus	O
a	O
parity	O
bit	O
,	O
operating	O
at	O
a	O
6-microsecond	O
cycle	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
FSQ	B-Device
7	I-Device
memory	O
1	O
had	O
65,536	O
words	O
and	O
memory	O
2	O
had	O
4096	O
words	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
Luke	O
Air	O
Force	O
Base	O
,	O
the	O
FSQ-7	B-Device
held	O
65,536	O
words	O
at	O
each	O
bank	O
and	O
the	O
FSQ-8	O
4096	O
words	O
at	O
each	O
bank	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
data	O
storage	O
,	O
each	O
word	O
was	O
divided	O
into	O
two	O
halves	O
,	O
each	O
half	O
was	O
a	O
15-bit	O
number	O
with	O
a	O
sign	B-Algorithm
bit	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instructions	O
used	O
the	O
right	O
half	O
word	O
plus	O
the	O
left	O
sign	B-Algorithm
bit	I-Algorithm
to	O
form	O
addresses	O
,	O
yielding	O
a	O
17-bit	O
address	O
space	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
three	O
bits	O
after	O
the	O
sign	O
specified	O
an	O
index	B-General_Concept
register	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Addresses	O
were	O
written	O
in	O
octal	O
notation	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
two	O
sign	B-Algorithm
bits	I-Algorithm
forming	O
a	O
prefix	O
,	O
so	O
2.07777	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
highest	O
word	O
in	O
memory	O
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
program	O
counter	O
,	O
four	O
index	B-General_Concept
registers	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
a	O
16-bit	O
real-time	O
clock	O
register	O
which	O
was	O
incremented	O
32	O
times	O
a	O
second	O
.	O
</s>
