<s>
ANT	B-Device
is	O
a	O
proprietary	O
(	O
but	O
open	O
access	O
)	O
multicast	O
wireless	B-Architecture
sensor	I-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
technology	O
designed	O
and	O
marketed	O
by	O
ANT	B-Device
Wireless	O
(	O
a	O
division	O
of	O
Garmin	O
Canada	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
provides	O
personal	B-General_Concept
area	I-General_Concept
networks	I-General_Concept
(	O
PANs	O
)	O
,	O
primarily	O
for	O
activity	B-Device
trackers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
ANT	B-Device
was	O
introduced	O
by	O
Dynastream	O
Innovations	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
low-power	O
standard	O
ANT+	B-Device
in	O
2004	O
,	O
before	O
Dynastream	O
was	O
bought	O
by	O
Garmin	O
in	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ANT	B-Device
defines	O
a	O
wireless	O
communications	O
protocol	B-Protocol
stack	I-Protocol
that	O
enables	O
hardware	O
operating	O
in	O
the	O
2.4	B-Algorithm
GHz	I-Algorithm
ISM	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
to	O
communicate	O
by	O
establishing	O
standard	O
rules	O
for	O
co-existence	O
,	O
data	O
representation	O
,	O
signalling	O
,	O
authentication	O
,	O
and	O
error	B-Error_Name
detection	I-Error_Name
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
conceptually	O
similar	O
to	O
Bluetooth	B-General_Concept
low	I-General_Concept
energy	I-General_Concept
,	O
but	O
is	O
oriented	O
towards	O
use	O
with	O
sensors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
ANT	B-Device
website	O
lists	O
almost	O
200	O
brands	O
using	O
ANT	B-Device
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	O
and	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
lesser	O
part	O
,	O
Fujitsu	O
,	O
HTC	B-Application
,	O
Kyocera	O
,	O
Nokia	O
and	O
Sharp	O
added	O
native	O
support	O
(	O
without	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
USB	B-Protocol
adapter	O
)	O
to	O
their	O
smartphones	O
,	O
with	O
Samsung	O
starting	O
support	O
with	O
the	O
Galaxy	B-Application
S4	I-Application
and	O
ending	O
support	O
with	O
the	O
Galaxy	B-Application
S20	I-Application
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ANT-powered	O
nodes	B-Protocol
are	O
capable	O
of	O
acting	O
as	O
sources	O
or	O
sinks	O
within	O
a	O
wireless	B-Architecture
sensor	I-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
concurrently	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
means	O
the	O
nodes	B-Protocol
can	O
act	O
as	O
transmitters	O
,	O
receivers	O
,	O
or	O
transceivers	O
to	O
route	O
traffic	O
to	O
other	O
nodes	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
ANT	B-Device
can	O
be	O
configured	O
to	O
spend	O
long	O
periods	O
in	O
a	O
low-power	O
sleep	O
mode	O
(	O
consuming	O
of	O
the	O
order	O
of	O
microamps	O
of	O
current	O
)	O
,	O
wake	O
up	O
briefly	O
to	O
communicate	O
(	O
when	O
consumption	O
rises	O
to	O
a	O
peak	O
of	O
22mA	O
(	O
at	O
-5dB	O
)	O
during	O
reception	O
and	O
13.5mA	O
(	O
at	O
-5dB	O
)	O
during	O
transmission	O
)	O
and	O
return	O
to	O
sleep	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
ANT	B-Device
channel	O
consists	O
of	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
transmitting	O
nodes	B-Protocol
and	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
receiving	O
nodes	B-Protocol
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
network	O
topology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ANT	B-Device
accommodates	O
three	O
types	O
of	O
messaging	O
:	O
broadcast	O
,	O
acknowledged	O
,	O
and	O
burst	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Acknowledged	O
messaging	O
confirms	O
receipt	O
of	O
data	B-Protocol
packets	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
ANT	B-Device
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
burst	O
messaging	O
;	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
multi-message	O
transmission	O
technique	O
using	O
the	O
full	O
data	O
bandwidth	B-Algorithm
and	O
running	O
to	O
completion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
receiving	O
node	O
acknowledges	O
receipt	O
and	O
informs	O
of	O
corrupted	O
packets	B-Protocol
that	O
the	O
transmitter	O
then	O
re-sends	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
packets	B-Protocol
are	O
sequence	O
numbered	O
for	O
traceability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ANT	B-Device
was	O
designed	O
for	O
low	O
bit-rate	O
and	O
low	O
power	O
sensor	B-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
,	O
in	O
a	O
manner	O
conceptually	O
similar	O
to	O
(	O
but	O
not	O
compatible	O
with	O
)	O
Bluetooth	B-General_Concept
low	I-General_Concept
energy	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
in	O
contrast	O
with	O
normal	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
,	O
which	O
was	O
designed	O
for	O
relatively	O
high	O
bit-rate	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
streaming	O
sound	O
for	O
low	O
power	O
headsets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ANT	B-Device
uses	O
adaptive	O
isochronous	O
transmission	O
to	O
allow	O
many	O
ANT	B-Device
devices	O
to	O
communicate	O
concurrently	O
without	O
interference	O
from	O
one	O
another	O
,	O
unlike	O
Bluetooth	B-General_Concept
LE	I-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
supports	O
an	O
unlimited	O
number	O
of	O
nodes	B-Protocol
through	O
scatternets	B-General_Concept
and	O
broadcasting	O
between	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
,	O
Wi-Fi	O
,	O
and	O
Zigbee	B-Protocol
employ	O
Direct	B-Device
Sequence	I-Device
Spread	I-Device
Spectrum	I-Device
(	O
DSSS	B-Device
)	O
and	O
Frequency-Hopping	B-Protocol
Spread	I-Protocol
Spectrum	I-Protocol
(	O
FHSS	B-Protocol
)	O
schemes	O
respectively	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
the	O
wireless	O
link	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ANT	B-Device
uses	O
an	O
adaptive	O
isochronous	O
network	O
technology	O
to	O
ensure	O
coexistence	O
with	O
other	O
ANT	B-Device
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ANT	B-Device
messaging	O
period	O
(	O
the	O
time	O
between	O
each	O
node	O
transmitting	O
its	O
data	O
)	O
determines	O
how	O
many	O
time	O
slots	O
are	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ANT+	B-Device
,	O
introduced	O
in	O
2004	O
as	O
"	O
the	O
first	O
ultra	O
low	O
power	O
wireless	O
standard	O
"	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
interoperability	O
function	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
base	O
ANT	B-Device
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
standardization	O
allows	O
for	O
the	O
networking	O
of	O
nearby	O
ANT+	B-Device
devices	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
open	O
collection	O
and	O
interpretation	O
of	O
sensor	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
ANT+	B-Device
enabled	O
fitness	O
monitoring	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
heart	O
rate	O
monitors	O
,	O
pedometers	O
,	O
speed	O
monitors	O
,	O
and	O
weight	O
scales	O
can	O
all	O
work	O
together	O
to	O
assemble	O
and	O
track	O
performance	O
metrics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ANT+	B-Device
is	O
designed	O
and	O
maintained	O
by	O
the	O
ANT+	B-Device
Alliance	O
which	O
is	O
managed	O
by	O
ANT	B-Device
Wireless	O
,	O
a	O
division	O
of	O
Dynastream	O
Innovations	O
owned	O
by	O
Garmin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ANT+	B-Device
is	O
used	O
in	O
Garmin	O
's	O
line	O
of	O
fitness	O
monitoring	O
equipment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
by	O
Garmin	O
's	O
Chirp	O
,	O
a	O
geocaching	B-Application
device	O
,	O
for	O
logging	O
and	O
alerting	O
nearby	O
participants	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ANT+	B-Device
devices	O
require	O
certification	O
from	O
the	O
ANT+	B-Device
Alliance	O
to	O
ensure	O
compliance	O
with	O
standard	O
device	O
profiles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ANT+	B-Device
specification	O
is	O
publicly	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
DEF	O
CON	O
2019	O
,	O
hacker	O
Brad	O
Dixon	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
tool	O
to	O
modify	O
ANT+	B-Device
data	O
transmitted	O
through	O
USB	B-Protocol
for	O
cheating	O
in	O
virtual	O
cycling	O
.	O
</s>
