<s>
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
(	O
active-matrix	B-Algorithm
organic	I-Algorithm
light-emitting	I-Algorithm
diode	I-Algorithm
,	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
OLED	B-Device
display	I-Device
device	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OLED	B-Device
describes	O
a	O
specific	O
type	O
of	O
thin-film-display	O
technology	O
in	O
which	O
organic	O
compounds	O
form	O
the	O
electroluminescent	O
material	O
,	O
and	O
active	B-General_Concept
matrix	I-General_Concept
refers	O
to	O
the	O
technology	O
behind	O
the	O
addressing	O
of	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2007	O
,	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
technology	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
mobile	O
phones	O
,	O
media	O
players	O
,	O
TVs	O
and	O
digital	O
cameras	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
continued	O
to	O
make	O
progress	O
toward	O
low-power	O
,	O
low-cost	O
,	O
high	O
resolution	O
and	O
large	O
size	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
88-inch	O
and	O
8K	O
resolution	O
)	O
applications	O
..	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
display	I-Algorithm
consists	O
of	O
an	O
active	B-General_Concept
matrix	I-General_Concept
of	O
OLED	B-Device
pixels	B-Algorithm
generating	O
light	O
(	O
luminescence	O
)	O
upon	O
electrical	O
activation	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
deposited	O
or	O
integrated	O
onto	O
a	O
thin-film	O
transistor	O
(	O
TFT	O
)	O
array	O
,	O
which	O
functions	O
as	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
switches	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
current	O
flowing	O
to	O
each	O
individual	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
,	O
this	O
continuous	O
current	O
flow	O
is	O
controlled	O
by	O
at	O
least	O
two	O
TFTs	O
at	O
each	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
(	O
to	O
trigger	O
the	O
luminescence	O
)	O
,	O
with	O
one	O
TFT	O
to	O
start	O
and	O
stop	O
the	O
charging	O
of	O
a	O
storage	O
capacitor	O
and	O
the	O
second	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
voltage	O
source	O
at	O
the	O
level	O
needed	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
constant	O
current	O
to	O
the	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
,	O
thereby	O
eliminating	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
the	O
very	O
high	O
currents	O
required	O
for	O
passive-matrix	B-Device
OLED	B-Device
operation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TFT	O
backplane	B-Architecture
technology	O
is	O
crucial	O
in	O
the	O
fabrication	O
of	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
displays	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
AMOLEDs	B-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
two	O
primary	O
TFT	O
backplane	B-Architecture
technologies	O
,	O
polycrystalline	O
silicon	O
(	O
poly-Si	O
)	O
and	O
amorphous	O
silicon	O
(	O
a-Si	O
)	O
,	O
are	O
currently	O
used	O
offering	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
directly	O
fabricating	O
the	O
active-matrix	B-General_Concept
backplanes	B-Architecture
at	O
low	O
temperatures	O
(	O
below	O
150°C	O
)	O
onto	O
flexible	B-Algorithm
plastic	O
substrates	O
for	O
producing	O
flexible	B-Algorithm
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
displays	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
was	O
developed	O
in	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
products	O
with	O
an	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
display	I-Algorithm
was	O
the	O
BenQ-Siemens	O
S88	O
mobile	O
handset	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
2007	O
,	O
the	O
iriver	O
Clix	O
2	O
portable	O
media	O
player	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Manufacturers	O
have	O
developed	O
in-cell	O
touch	O
panels	O
,	O
integrating	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
capacitive	O
sensor	O
arrays	O
in	O
the	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
module	O
fabrication	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In-cell	O
sensor	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
fabricators	O
include	O
AU	O
Optronics	O
and	O
Samsung	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	O
has	O
marketed	O
its	O
version	O
of	O
this	O
technology	O
as	O
"	O
Super	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Researchers	O
at	O
DuPont	O
used	O
computational	O
fluid	O
dynamics	O
(	O
CFD	O
)	O
software	O
to	O
optimize	O
coating	O
processes	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
solution-coated	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
display	I-Algorithm
technology	O
that	O
is	O
competitive	O
in	O
cost	O
and	O
performance	O
with	O
existing	O
chemical	B-Algorithm
vapor	I-Algorithm
deposition	I-Algorithm
(	O
CVD	O
)	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compared	O
to	O
other	O
display	B-Device
technologies	I-Device
,	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
screens	O
have	O
several	O
advantages	O
and	O
disadvantages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
displays	I-Algorithm
can	O
provide	O
higher	O
refresh	O
rates	O
than	O
passive-matrix	B-Device
,	O
often	O
have	O
response	O
times	O
less	O
than	O
a	O
millisecond	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
consume	O
significantly	O
less	O
power	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
advantage	O
makes	O
active-matrix	B-Algorithm
OLEDs	I-Algorithm
well-suited	O
for	O
portable	O
electronics	O
,	O
where	O
power	O
consumption	O
is	O
critical	O
to	O
battery	O
life	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
an	O
example	O
,	O
one	O
old	O
QVGA	O
OLED	B-Device
display	I-Device
consumes	O
0.3	O
watts	O
while	O
showing	O
white	O
text	O
on	O
a	O
black	O
background	O
,	O
but	O
more	O
than	O
0.7	O
watts	O
showing	O
black	O
text	O
on	O
a	O
white	O
background	O
,	O
while	O
an	O
LCD	B-Device
may	O
consume	O
only	O
a	O
constant	O
0.35	O
watts	O
regardless	O
of	O
what	O
is	O
being	O
shown	O
on	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
black	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
turn	O
completely	O
off	O
,	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
also	O
has	O
contrast	O
ratios	O
that	O
are	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
LCDs	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
displays	I-Algorithm
may	O
be	O
difficult	O
to	O
view	O
in	O
direct	O
sunlight	O
compared	O
with	O
LCDs	B-Device
because	O
of	O
their	O
reduced	O
maximum	O
brightness	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	O
's	O
Super	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
technology	O
addresses	O
this	O
issue	O
by	O
reducing	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
gaps	O
between	O
layers	O
of	O
the	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
organic	O
materials	O
used	O
in	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
displays	I-Algorithm
are	O
very	O
prone	O
to	O
degradation	O
over	O
a	O
relatively	O
short	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
color	O
shifts	O
as	O
one	O
color	O
fades	O
faster	O
than	O
another	O
,	O
image	B-Device
persistence	I-Device
,	O
or	O
burn-in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2010	O
,	O
demand	O
for	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
screens	O
was	O
high	O
and	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
supply	O
shortages	O
of	O
the	O
Samsung-produced	O
displays	O
,	O
certain	O
models	O
of	O
HTC	O
smartphones	O
were	O
changed	O
to	O
use	O
next-generation	O
LCD	B-Device
displays	I-Device
from	O
the	O
Samsung-Sony	O
joint-venture	O
SLCD	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flagship	O
smartphones	O
sold	O
in	O
2020	O
and	O
2021	O
used	O
either	O
a	O
Super	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Super	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
displays	I-Algorithm
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
one	O
on	O
the	O
Samsung	B-Application
Galaxy	I-Application
S21+	I-Application
/	O
S21	B-Application
Ultra	I-Application
and	O
Samsung	B-Application
Galaxy	I-Application
Note	I-Application
20	I-Application
Ultra	I-Application
have	O
often	O
been	O
compared	O
to	O
IPS	O
LCDs	B-Device
,	O
found	O
in	O
phones	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Xiaomi	B-Application
Mi	I-Application
10T	I-Application
,	O
Huawei	O
Nova	O
5T	O
,	O
and	O
Samsung	O
Galaxy	O
A20e	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
ABI	O
Research	O
,	O
the	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
display	I-Algorithm
found	O
in	O
the	O
Motorola	B-Application
Moto	I-Application
X	I-Application
draws	O
just	O
92	O
mA	O
during	O
bright	O
conditions	O
and	O
68	O
mA	O
while	O
dim	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
IPS	O
,	O
the	O
yield	O
rate	O
of	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
is	O
low	O
;	O
the	O
cost	O
is	O
also	O
higher	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Super	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
"	O
is	O
a	O
marketing	O
term	O
created	O
by	O
Samsung	O
for	O
an	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
display	I-Algorithm
with	O
an	O
integrated	O
touch	O
screen	O
digitizer	O
:	O
the	O
layer	O
that	O
detects	O
touch	O
is	O
integrated	O
into	O
the	O
display	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
overlaid	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
it	O
and	O
cannot	O
be	O
separated	O
from	O
the	O
display	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
display	B-Device
technology	I-Device
itself	O
is	O
not	O
improved	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Samsung	O
,	O
Super	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
reflects	O
one-fifth	O
as	O
much	O
sunlight	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
generation	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
generic	O
term	O
for	O
this	O
technology	O
is	O
One	B-Application
Glass	I-Application
Solution	I-Application
(	O
OGS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Below	O
is	O
a	O
mapping	O
table	O
of	O
marketing	O
terms	O
versus	O
resolutions	O
and	O
sub-pixel	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
how	O
the	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
density	O
relates	O
to	O
choices	O
of	O
sub-pixel	O
type	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Future	O
displays	O
exhibited	O
from	O
2011	O
to	O
2013	O
by	O
Samsung	O
have	O
shown	O
flexible	B-Algorithm
,	O
3D	O
,	O
transparent	O
Super	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
Plus	O
displays	O
using	O
very	O
high	O
resolutions	O
and	O
in	O
varying	O
sizes	O
for	O
phones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
unreleased	O
prototypes	O
use	O
a	O
polymer	B-Language
as	O
a	O
substrate	O
removing	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
glass	O
cover	O
,	O
a	O
metal	O
backing	O
,	O
and	O
touch	O
matrix	O
,	O
combining	O
them	O
into	O
one	O
integrated	O
layer	O
.	O
</s>
