<s>
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
(	O
short	O
for	O
Algorithmic	B-Language
Language	I-Language
1960	I-Language
)	O
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
ALGOL	B-Language
family	I-Language
of	O
computer	O
programming	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
followed	O
on	O
from	O
ALGOL	B-Language
58	I-Language
which	O
had	O
introduced	O
code	O
blocks	O
and	O
the	O
begin	O
and	O
end	O
pairs	O
for	O
delimiting	O
them	O
,	O
representing	O
a	O
key	O
advance	O
in	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
structured	B-Language
programming	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
was	O
the	O
first	O
language	O
implementing	O
nested	O
function	O
definitions	O
with	O
lexical	B-Language
scope	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
gave	O
rise	O
to	O
many	O
other	O
programming	O
languages	O
,	O
including	O
CPL	B-Language
,	O
Simula	B-Language
,	O
BCPL	B-Language
,	O
B	B-Language
,	O
Pascal	B-Application
,	O
and	O
C	B-Language
.	O
Practically	O
every	O
computer	O
of	O
the	O
era	O
had	O
a	O
systems	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
based	O
on	O
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
concepts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Niklaus	O
Wirth	O
based	O
his	O
own	O
ALGOL	B-Language
W	I-Language
on	O
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
before	O
moving	O
to	O
develop	O
Pascal	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Algol-W	B-Language
was	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
next	O
generation	O
ALGOL	B-Language
but	O
the	O
ALGOL	B-Language
68	I-Language
committee	O
decided	O
on	O
a	O
design	O
that	O
was	O
more	O
complex	O
and	O
advanced	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
cleaned	O
simplified	O
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
official	O
ALGOL	B-Language
versions	O
are	O
named	O
after	O
the	O
year	O
they	O
were	O
first	O
published	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Algol	B-Language
68	I-Language
is	O
substantially	O
different	O
from	O
Algol	B-Language
60	I-Language
and	O
was	O
criticised	O
partially	O
for	O
being	O
so	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
in	O
general	O
"	O
Algol	B-Language
"	O
refers	O
to	O
dialects	O
of	O
Algol	B-Language
60	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
–	O
with	O
COBOL	B-Application
–	O
were	O
the	O
first	O
languages	O
to	O
seek	O
standardization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
was	O
used	O
mostly	O
by	O
research	O
computer	O
scientists	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
in	O
Europe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
did	O
however	O
become	O
the	O
standard	O
for	O
the	O
publication	O
of	O
algorithms	O
and	O
had	O
a	O
profound	O
effect	O
on	O
future	O
language	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
John	O
Backus	O
developed	O
the	O
Backus	O
normal	O
form	O
method	O
of	O
describing	O
programming	O
languages	O
specifically	O
for	O
ALGOL	B-Language
58	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
revised	O
and	O
expanded	O
by	O
Peter	O
Naur	O
for	O
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
,	O
and	O
at	O
Donald	O
Knuth	O
's	O
suggestion	O
renamed	O
Backus	O
–	O
Naur	O
form	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Peter	O
Naur	O
:	O
"	O
As	O
editor	O
of	O
the	O
ALGOL	B-Language
Bulletin	O
I	O
was	O
drawn	O
into	O
the	O
international	O
discussions	O
of	O
the	O
language	O
and	O
was	O
selected	O
to	O
be	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
European	O
language	O
design	O
group	O
in	O
November	O
1959	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
capacity	O
I	O
was	O
the	O
editor	O
of	O
the	O
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
report	O
,	O
produced	O
as	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
meeting	O
in	O
Paris	O
in	O
January	O
1960.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
inspired	O
many	O
languages	O
that	O
followed	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
date	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
at	O
least	O
70	O
augmentations	O
,	O
extensions	O
,	O
derivations	O
and	O
sublanguages	O
of	O
Algol	B-Language
60	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
NameYearAuthorStateDescriptionTarget	O
CPUX1	O
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
August	O
1960	O
Edsger	O
W	O
.	O
Dijkstra	O
and	O
Jaap	O
A	O
.	O
Zonneveld	O
Netherlands	O
First	O
implementation	O
of	O
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
Electrologica	B-Device
X1	I-Device
Algol	B-Language
1960Irons	O
,	O
Edgar	O
T.	O
,	O
A	O
syntax	O
directed	O
compiler	B-Language
for	O
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
,	O
Communications	O
of	O
the	O
ACM	O
,	O
Vol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Jan	O
.	O
1961	O
)	O
Edgar	O
T	O
.	O
Irons	O
USA	O
Algol	B-Language
60	I-Language
CDC	B-Device
1604	I-Device
Burroughs	O
Algol	B-Language
(	O
Several	O
variants	O
)	O
1961	O
Burroughs	O
Corporation	O
(	O
with	O
participation	O
by	O
Hoare	O
,	O
Dijkstra	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
)	O
USA	O
Basis	O
of	O
the	O
Burroughs	O
(	O
and	O
now	O
Unisys	O
MCP	B-Application
based	O
)	O
computers	O
Burroughs	B-Device
large	I-Device
systems	I-Device
and	O
their	O
midrange	O
as	O
well.Case	O
ALGOL	B-Language
1961	O
USA	O
Simula	B-Language
was	O
originally	O
contracted	O
as	O
a	O
simulation	O
extension	O
of	O
the	O
Case	O
ALGOL	B-Language
UNIVAC	O
1107GOGOL	O
1961	O
William	O
M	O
.	O
McKeeman	O
USA	O
For	O
ODIN	O
time-sharing	O
system	O
PDP-1DASK	O
ALGOL	B-Language
1961	O
Peter	O
Naur	O
,	O
Jørn	O
Jensen	O
Denmark	O
Algol	B-Language
60	I-Language
DASK	O
at	O
RegnecentralenSMIL	O
ALGOL	B-Language
1962	O
Torgil	O
Ekman	O
,	O
Carl-Erik	O
Fröberg	O
Sweden	O
Algol	B-Language
60	I-Language
SMIL	B-Device
at	O
Lund	O
UniversityGIER	O
ALGOL	B-Language
1962	O
Peter	O
Naur	O
,	O
Jørn	O
Jensen	O
Denmark	O
Algol	B-Language
60	I-Language
GIER	O
at	O
RegnecentralenDartmouth	O
ALGOL	B-Language
30	O
1962	O
Thomas	O
Eugene	O
Kurtz	O
,	O
Stephen	O
J	O
.	O
Garland	O
,	O
Robert	O
F	O
.	O
Hargraves	O
,	O
Anthony	O
W	O
.	O
Knapp	O
,	O
Jorge	O
LLacer	O
USA	O
Algol	B-Language
60	I-Language
LGP-30Alcor	O
Mainz	O
2002	O
1962	O
Ursula	O
Hill-Samelson	O
,	O
Hans	O
Langmaack	O
Germany	O
Siemens	O
2002	O
ALCOR-ILLINOIS	O
7090	O
1962	O
Manfred	O
Paul	O
,	O
Hans	O
Rüdiger	O
Wiehle	O
,	O
David	O
Gries	O
,	O
and	O
Rudolf	O
Bayer	O
USA	O
,	O
West	O
Germany	O
Algol	B-Language
60Implemented	O
at	O
Illinois	O
and	O
the	O
TH	O
München	O
,	O
1962-1964	O
IBM	O
7090USS	O
90	O
Algol	B-Language
1962	O
L	O
.	O
Petrone	O
Italy	O
Elliott	B-Language
ALGOL	I-Language
1962	O
C	B-Language
.	O
A	O
.	O
R	O
.	O
Hoare	O
UK	O
Discussed	O
in	O
his	O
1980	O
Turing	O
Award	O
lecture	O
Elliott	B-Device
803	I-Device
&	O
the	O
Elliott	O
503Algol	O
60	O
1962	O
Roland	O
StrobelRechenautomaten	O
mit	O
Trommelspeicher	O
,	O
Förderverein	O
der	O
Technischen	O
Sammlung	O
Dresden	O
East	O
Germany	O
Implemented	O
by	O
the	O
Institute	O
for	O
Applied	O
Mathematics	O
,	O
German	O
Academy	O
of	O
Sciences	O
at	O
Berlin	O
Zeiss-Rechenautomat	O
ZRA	O
1	O
Algol	B-Language
Translator	O
1962	O
G	O
.	O
van	O
der	O
Mey	O
and	O
W.L.	O
</s>
<s>
van	O
der	O
Poel	O
Netherlands	O
Staatsbedrijf	O
der	O
Posterijen	O
,	O
Telegrafie	O
en	O
Telefonie	O
ZEBRAKidsgrove	O
Algol	B-Language
1963	O
F	O
.	O
G	O
.	O
Duncan	O
UK	O
English	O
Electric	O
Company	O
KDF9SCALPKurtz	O
,	O
op	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1963	O
Stephen	O
J	O
.	O
Garland	O
,	O
Anthony	O
W	O
.	O
Knapp	O
,	O
Thomas	O
Eugene	O
Kurtz	O
USA	O
Self-Contained	O
ALgol	B-Language
Processor	O
for	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
Algol	B-Language
60	I-Language
LGP-30VALGOL	O
1963	O
Val	O
Schorre	O
USA	O
A	O
test	O
of	O
the	O
META	B-Application
II	I-Application
compiler	B-Language
compilerFP6000	O
Algol	B-Language
1963	O
Roger	O
Moore	O
Canada	O
written	O
for	O
Saskatchewan	O
Power	O
Corp	O
FP6000	B-Device
Whetstone	O
1964	O
Brian	O
Randell	O
and	O
Lawford	O
John	O
Russell	O
UK	O
Atomic	O
Power	O
Division	O
of	O
English	O
Electric	O
Company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Precursor	O
to	O
Ferranti	B-Device
Pegasus	I-Device
,	O
National	O
Physical	O
Laboratories	O
ACE	B-Device
and	O
English	B-Device
Electric	I-Device
DEUCE	I-Device
implementations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
English	O
Electric	O
Company	O
KDF9	B-Device
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
1964	O
Jean-Claude	O
Boussard	O
France	O
IBM	B-Device
7090	I-Device
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
1965	O
France	O
Centre	O
de	O
calcul	O
de	O
la	O
Faculté	O
des	O
Sciences	O
de	O
Nancy	O
IBM	O
1620Dartmouth	O
ALGOL	B-Language
1965	O
Stephen	O
J	O
.	O
Garland	O
,	O
Sarr	O
Blumson	O
,	O
Ron	O
Martin	O
USA	O
Algol	B-Language
60	I-Language
Dartmouth	B-Operating_System
Time	I-Operating_System
Sharing	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
for	O
the	O
GE	O
235NU	O
ALGOL	B-Language
1965	O
Norway	O
UNIVACAlgol	O
60	O
1965	O
F.E.J.	O
</s>
<s>
Kruseman	O
Aretz	O
Netherlands	O
MC	O
compiler	B-Language
for	O
the	O
EL-X8	O
Electrologica	O
X8ALGEK	O
1965	O
USSR	O
Minsk-22	O
АЛГЭК	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
ALGOL-60	B-Language
and	O
COBOL	B-Application
support	O
,	O
for	O
economical	O
tasksMALGOL	O
1966	O
publ	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Burroughs	O
dialects	O
included	O
special	O
system	O
programming	O
dialects	O
such	O
as	O
ESPOL	B-Language
and	O
NEWP	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
as	O
officially	O
defined	O
had	O
no	O
I/O	O
facilities	O
;	O
implementations	O
defined	O
their	O
own	O
in	O
ways	O
that	O
were	O
rarely	O
compatible	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
ALGOL	B-Language
68	I-Language
offered	O
an	O
extensive	O
library	O
of	O
transput	O
(	O
ALGOL	B-Language
68	I-Language
parlance	O
for	O
Input/Output	O
)	O
facilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
provided	O
two	O
evaluation	B-Language
strategies	I-Language
for	O
parameter	O
passing	O
:	O
the	O
common	O
call-by-value	O
,	O
and	O
call-by-name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Call-by-name	O
is	O
known	O
by	O
many	O
compiler	B-Language
designers	O
for	O
the	O
interesting	O
"	O
thunks	B-Application
"	O
that	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
implement	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Donald	O
Knuth	O
devised	O
the	O
"	O
man	B-Language
or	I-Language
boy	I-Language
test	I-Language
"	O
to	O
separate	O
compilers	B-Language
that	O
correctly	O
implemented	O
"	O
recursion	O
and	O
non-local	O
references.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
35	O
such	O
reserved	O
words	O
in	O
the	O
standard	O
Burroughs	B-Device
large	I-Device
systems	I-Device
sub-language	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
71	O
such	O
restricted	O
identifiers	O
in	O
the	O
standard	O
Burroughs	B-Device
large	I-Device
systems	I-Device
sub-language	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
word	O
'	O
INTEGER	O
 '	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
quotation	O
marks	O
,	O
must	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
some	O
implementations	O
in	O
place	O
of	O
integer	O
,	O
above	O
,	O
thereby	O
designating	B-Application
it	O
as	O
a	O
special	O
keyword	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
is	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
how	O
to	O
produce	O
a	O
table	O
using	O
Elliott	B-Device
803	I-Device
ALGOL	B-Language
:	O
</s>
<s>
PRINT	O
,	O
££L	O
??	O
'	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
had	O
no	O
I/O	O
facilities	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
portable	O
hello	O
world	O
program	O
in	O
ALGOL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
ALGOL	B-Language
Example	O
Program	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EBCDIC	B-Language
ARRAY	O
E[0:11]	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
alternative	O
example	O
,	O
using	O
Elliott	B-Language
Algol	I-Language
I/O	O
is	O
as	O
follows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Elliott	B-Language
Algol	I-Language
used	O
different	O
characters	O
for	O
"	O
open-string-quote	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
close-string-quote	O
"	O
,	O
represented	O
here	O
by	O
and	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Here	O
's	O
a	O
version	O
for	O
the	O
Elliott	B-Device
803	I-Device
Algol	B-Language
(	O
A104	O
)	O
The	O
standard	O
Elliott	B-Device
803	I-Device
used	O
5-hole	O
paper	O
tape	O
and	O
thus	O
only	O
had	O
upper	O
case	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
code	O
lacked	O
any	O
quote	O
characters	O
so	O
£	O
(	O
pound	O
sign	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
for	O
open	O
quote	O
and	O
?	B-Device
</s>
<s>
£L	O
??	O
</s>
<s>
PRINT	O
£HELLO	O
WORLD£L	O
??	O
'	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ICT	B-Device
1900	I-Device
series	I-Device
Algol	B-Language
I/O	O
version	O
allowed	O
input	O
from	O
paper	O
tape	O
or	O
punched	O
card	O
.	O
</s>
