<s>
ALGOL	B-Language
58	I-Language
,	O
originally	O
named	O
IAL	B-Language
,	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
family	O
of	O
ALGOL	B-Language
computer	O
programming	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
an	O
early	O
compromise	O
design	O
soon	O
superseded	O
by	O
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Zurich	O
ACM-GAMM	O
Conference	O
had	O
two	O
principal	O
motives	O
in	O
proposing	O
the	O
IAL	B-Language
:	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
To	O
provide	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
communicating	O
numerical	O
methods	O
and	O
other	O
procedures	O
between	O
people	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
b	O
)	O
To	O
provide	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
realizing	O
a	O
stated	O
process	O
on	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
machines	O
...	O
</s>
<s>
ALGOL	B-Language
58	I-Language
introduced	O
the	O
fundamental	O
notion	O
of	O
the	O
compound	O
statement	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
restricted	O
to	O
control	O
flow	O
only	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
tied	O
to	O
identifier	B-Language
scope	I-Language
in	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
Algol	B-Language
60	I-Language
's	O
blocks	O
were	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bauer	O
attributes	O
the	O
name	O
to	O
Hermann	O
Bottenbruch	O
,	O
who	O
coined	O
the	O
term	O
algorithmic	B-Language
language	I-Language
(	O
algorithmische	O
Sprache	O
)	O
in	O
1957	O
,	O
"	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
Germany	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
language	O
was	O
originally	O
proposed	O
to	O
be	O
called	O
IAL	B-Language
(	O
International	B-Language
Algebraic	I-Language
Language	I-Language
)	O
but	O
according	O
to	O
Perlis	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
ALGOL	B-Language
was	O
suggested	O
instead	O
,	O
though	O
not	O
officially	O
adopted	O
until	O
a	O
year	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
publication	O
following	O
the	O
meeting	O
still	O
used	O
the	O
name	O
IAL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
1958	O
the	O
ZMMD-group	O
had	O
built	O
a	O
working	O
ALGOL	B-Language
58	I-Language
compiler	O
for	O
the	O
Z22	B-Device
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ZMMD	O
was	O
an	O
abbreviation	O
for	O
Zürich	O
(	O
where	O
Rutishauser	O
worked	O
)	O
,	O
München	O
(	O
workplace	O
of	O
Bauer	O
and	O
Samelson	O
)	O
,	O
Mainz	O
(	O
location	O
of	O
the	O
Z22	B-Device
computer	O
)	O
,	O
Darmstadt	O
(	O
workplace	O
of	O
Bottenbruch	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ALGOL	B-Language
58	I-Language
saw	O
some	O
implementation	O
effort	O
at	O
IBM	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
effort	O
was	O
in	O
competition	O
with	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
,	O
and	O
soon	O
abandoned	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
also	O
implemented	O
at	O
Dartmouth	O
College	O
on	O
an	O
LGP-30	B-Device
,	O
but	O
that	O
implementation	O
soon	O
evolved	O
into	O
ALGOL	B-Language
60	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
implementation	O
for	O
the	O
Burroughs	O
220	O
called	O
BALGOL	B-Language
evolved	O
along	O
its	O
own	O
lines	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
but	O
retained	O
much	O
of	O
ALGOL	B-Language
58	I-Language
's	O
original	O
character	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ALGOL	B-Language
58	I-Language
's	O
primary	O
contribution	O
was	O
to	O
later	O
languages	O
;	O
it	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
basis	O
for	O
JOVIAL	B-Language
,	O
MAD	B-Language
,	O
NELIAC	B-Language
and	O
ALGO	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
also	O
used	O
during	O
1959	O
to	O
publish	O
algorithms	O
in	O
CACM	O
,	O
beginning	O
a	O
trend	O
of	O
using	O
ALGOL	B-Language
notation	O
in	O
publication	O
that	O
continued	O
for	O
many	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NameYearAuthorStateDescriptionTarget	O
CPU	O
ZMMD-implementation	O
1958	O
Friedrich	O
L	O
.	O
Bauer	O
,	O
Heinz	O
Rutishauser	O
,	O
Klaus	O
Samelson	O
,	O
Hermann	O
Bottenbruch	O
Germany	O
Z22	B-Device
NELIAC	B-Language
1958	O
Naval	O
Electronics	O
Laboratory	O
USA	O
AN/USQ	O
-17JOVIAL	O
1960	O
Jules	O
Schwartz	O
USA	O
Was	O
the	O
DOD	O
HOL	B-Language
prior	O
to	O
Ada	B-Language
(	O
programming	O
language	O
)	O
Various	O
(	O
see	O
article	O
)	O
BALGOL	B-Language
1960	O
Joel	O
Merner	O
et	O
al	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
USA	O
Burroughs	O
Corporation	O
B220	O
MAD	B-Language
1960	O
University	O
of	O
Michigan	O
USA	O
IBM	O
7090/7094	O
mainframe	O
,	O
then	O
mid-1960s	O
ported	O
to	O
Univac	O
1108Dartmouth	O
ALGOL	B-Language
30	O
1962	O
Thomas	O
Eugene	O
Kurtz	O
et	O
al	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IAL	B-Language
introduced	O
the	O
three-level	O
concept	O
of	O
reference	O
,	O
publication	O
and	O
hardware	O
language	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
"	O
word	O
delimiters	O
"	O
having	O
a	O
separate	O
representation	O
from	O
freely	O
chosen	O
identifiers	O
(	O
hence	O
,	O
no	O
reserved	O
words	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ALGOL60	B-Language
kept	O
this	O
three-level	O
concept	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
distinction	O
between	O
assignment	O
(	O
:	O
=	O
representing	O
a	O
left-facing	O
arrow	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
equality	O
relation	O
=	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
IAL	B-Language
and	O
kept	O
in	O
ALGOL60	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
IAL	B-Language
and	O
ALGOL60	B-Language
allow	O
arrays	O
with	O
arbitrary	O
lower	O
and	O
upper	O
subscript	O
bounds	O
,	O
and	O
allow	O
subscript	O
bounds	O
to	O
be	O
defined	O
by	O
integer	O
expressions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
IAL	B-Language
and	O
ALGOL60	B-Language
allow	O
nesting	O
of	O
procedure	O
declarations	O
and	O
the	O
corresponding	O
identifier	O
scopes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IAL	B-Language
report	O
described	O
parameter	O
substitution	O
in	O
much	O
the	O
same	O
terms	O
as	O
the	O
ALGOL60	B-Language
report	O
,	O
leaving	O
open	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
call	O
by	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IAL	B-Language
allows	O
numeric	O
statement	O
labels	O
,	O
that	O
ALGOL60	B-Language
kept	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
possibility	O
of	O
including	O
non-ALGOL	O
code	O
within	O
a	O
program	O
was	O
already	O
hinted	O
at	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
parameters	O
to	O
procedures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
IAL	B-Language
and	O
ALGOL60	B-Language
have	O
a	O
switch	O
designator	O
,	O
unrelated	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
switch	O
statement	O
in	O
C	O
and	O
other	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In-line	O
functions	O
of	O
the	O
form	O
f(x )	O
:=	O
x	O
/	O
2	O
;	O
were	O
proposed	O
in	O
IAL	B-Language
but	O
dropped	O
in	O
ALGOL60	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
IAL	B-Language
procedure	O
declarations	O
provide	O
separate	O
declaration	O
lists	O
for	O
input	O
and	O
output	O
parameters	O
,	O
a	O
procedure	O
can	O
return	O
multiple	O
values	O
;	O
this	O
mechanism	O
was	O
replaced	O
in	O
ALGOL60	B-Language
with	O
the	O
value	B-Language
declaration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Variable	O
declarations	O
in	O
IAL	B-Language
can	O
be	O
placed	O
anywhere	O
in	O
the	O
program	O
and	O
not	O
necessarily	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
a	O
procedure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
declarations	O
within	O
an	O
ALGOL60	B-Language
block	O
should	O
occur	O
before	O
all	O
execution	O
statements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
for-statement	O
has	O
the	O
form	O
for	O
i	O
:	O
=	O
base(increment )	O
limit	O
,	O
directly	O
resembling	O
the	O
loop	O
of	O
Rutishauser	O
's	O
programming	O
language	O
Superplan	B-Language
,	O
replacing	O
=	O
with	O
:=	O
,	O
and	O
replacing	O
its	O
German	O
keyword	O
Für	O
with	O
the	O
direct	O
English	O
translation	O
for	O
;	O
ALGOL60	B-Language
replaced	O
the	O
parentheses	O
with	O
the	O
word	O
delimiters	O
step	O
and	O
until	O
,	O
such	O
that	O
the	O
previous	O
statement	O
instead	O
would	O
be	O
i	O
:	O
=	O
base	O
step	O
increment	O
until	O
limit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IAL	B-Language
if-statement	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
then-clause	O
or	O
else-clause	O
;	O
it	O
rather	O
guards	B-Application
the	O
succeeding	O
statement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IAL	B-Language
provides	O
an	O
if	O
either-statement	O
that	O
cleanly	O
allows	O
testing	O
of	O
multiple	O
conditions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
were	O
replaced	O
by	O
ALGOL	B-Language
's	O
if-then	O
construct	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
dangling-else	O
"	O
ambiguity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IAL	B-Language
provides	O
macro-substitution	O
with	O
the	O
do-statement	O
;	O
this	O
was	O
dropped	O
in	O
ALGOL60	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
IAL	B-Language
allows	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
array	O
subscripts	O
to	O
be	O
omitted	O
when	O
passing	O
arrays	O
to	O
procedures	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
provide	O
any	O
or	O
all	O
arguments	O
to	O
a	O
procedure	O
passed	O
to	O
another	O
procedure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IAL	B-Language
's	O
infix	O
boolean	O
operators	O
are	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
precedence	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Exponents	O
are	O
indicated	O
with	O
paired	O
up	O
and	O
down	O
arrows	O
,	O
which	O
removed	O
any	O
confusion	O
about	O
the	O
correct	O
interpretation	O
of	O
nested	O
exponents	O
;	O
ALGOL60	B-Language
replaced	O
the	O
paired	O
arrows	O
with	O
a	O
single	O
up-arrow	O
whose	O
function	O
is	O
equivalent	O
to	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
's	O
**	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IAL	B-Language
report	O
does	O
not	O
explicitly	O
specify	O
which	O
standard	O
functions	O
were	O
to	O
be	O
provided	O
,	O
making	O
a	O
vague	O
reference	O
to	O
the	O
"	O
standard	O
functions	O
of	O
analysis.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ALGOL60	B-Language
report	O
has	O
a	O
more	O
explicit	O
list	O
of	O
standard	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
