<s>
Adabas	B-Application
,	O
a	O
contraction	O
of	O
“	O
adaptable	O
database	O
system	O
,	O
"	O
is	O
a	O
database	O
package	O
that	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Software	O
AG	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
IBM	B-Device
mainframes	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
launched	O
in	O
1971	O
as	O
a	O
non-relational	B-General_Concept
database	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2019	O
,	O
Adabas	B-Application
is	O
marketed	O
for	O
use	O
on	O
a	O
wider	O
range	O
of	O
platforms	O
,	O
including	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
Unix	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adabas	B-Application
can	O
store	O
multiple	O
data	O
relationships	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
table	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
released	O
by	O
Software	O
AG	O
in	O
1971	O
on	O
IBM	B-Device
mainframe	I-Device
systems	O
using	O
DOS/360	O
,	O
OS/MFT	B-Application
,	O
or	O
OS/MVT	O
,	O
Adabas	B-Application
is	O
currently	O
available	O
on	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
enterprise	O
systems	O
,	O
including	O
BS2000	B-Application
,	O
z/VSE	B-Application
,	O
z/OS	B-Application
,	O
Unix	B-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adabas	B-Application
is	O
frequently	O
used	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
Software	O
AG	O
's	O
programming	O
language	O
Natural	O
;	O
many	O
applications	O
that	O
use	O
Adabas	B-Application
as	O
a	O
database	O
on	O
the	O
back	O
end	O
are	O
developed	O
with	O
Natural	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
Software	O
AG	O
announced	O
that	O
Adabas	B-Application
and	O
Natural	O
would	O
be	O
supported	O
through	O
the	O
year	O
2050	O
and	O
beyond	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adabas	B-Application
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
major	O
inverted	B-Algorithm
list	I-Algorithm
DBMS	O
packages	O
,	O
the	O
other	O
two	O
being	O
Computer	O
Corporation	O
of	O
America	O
’s	O
Model	B-Application
204	I-Application
and	O
ADR	O
’s	O
Datacom/DB	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
1979	O
introduction	O
of	O
Natural	O
the	O
popularity	O
of	O
Adabas	B-Application
databases	O
has	O
grown	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
1990	O
,	O
SAS	B-Language
was	O
supporting	O
Adabas	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
2015	O
white	O
paper	O
,	O
IBM	O
said	O
,	O
"	O
applications	O
that	O
are	O
written	O
in	O
a	O
pre-relational	O
database	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Adabas	B-Application
,	O
are	O
no	O
longer	O
mainstream	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
follow	O
accepted	O
IT	O
industry	O
standards.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
an	O
Adabas	B-Application
database	O
can	O
be	O
designed	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	O
relational	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
there	O
are	O
tools	O
and	O
services	O
to	O
facilitate	O
converting	O
Adabas	B-Application
to	O
various	O
relational	O
databases	O
,	O
such	O
migrations	O
are	O
usually	O
costly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
's	O
zIIP	B-Device
(	O
System	O
z	O
Integrated	O
Information	O
Processor	O
)	O
special	O
purpose	O
processors	O
permit	O
"	O
direct	O
,	O
real-time	O
SQL	B-Language
access	O
to	O
Adabas	B-Application
"	O
(	O
even	O
though	O
the	O
data	O
may	O
still	O
stored	O
in	O
a	O
non-relational	B-General_Concept
form	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adabas	B-Application
is	O
an	O
acronym	O
for	O
Adaptable	O
Data	O
Base	O
System	O
(	O
originally	O
written	O
in	O
all	O
caps	O
;	O
today	O
only	O
the	O
initial	O
cap	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
product	O
name	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Adabas	B-Application
is	O
an	O
inverted	B-Algorithm
list	I-Algorithm
data	O
base	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
following	O
characteristics	O
or	O
terminology	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
No	O
embedded	O
SQL	B-Language
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SQL	B-Language
access	O
via	O
the	O
Adabas	B-Application
SQL	B-Language
Gateway	O
was	O
introduced	O
through	O
an	O
acquired	O
company	O
,	O
CONNX	O
,	O
in	O
2004	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
provides	O
ODBC	O
,	O
JDBC	O
,	O
and	O
OLE	O
DB	O
access	O
to	O
Adabas	B-Application
and	O
enables	O
SQL	B-Language
access	O
to	O
Adabas	B-Application
using	O
COBOL	B-Application
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Search	O
facilities	O
may	O
use	O
indexed	B-Data_Structure
fields	I-Data_Structure
or	O
non-indexed	O
fields	O
or	O
both	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Does	O
not	O
natively	O
enforce	O
referential	B-General_Concept
integrity	I-General_Concept
constraints	O
,	O
and	O
parent-child	O
relations	O
must	O
be	O
maintained	O
by	O
application	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adabas	B-Application
is	O
typically	O
used	O
in	O
applications	O
that	O
require	O
high	O
volumes	O
of	O
data	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
or	O
in	O
high	O
transaction	O
online	B-Application
analytical	I-Application
processing	I-Application
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adabas	B-Application
access	O
is	O
normally	O
through	O
Natural	O
modules	O
using	O
one	O
of	O
several	O
Natural	O
statements	O
including	O
READ	O
,	O
FIND	O
,	O
and	O
HISTOGRAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adabas	B-Application
data	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
retrieved	O
via	O
direct	O
calls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
above	O
program	O
,	O
the	O
search	O
criteria	O
specified	O
in	O
the	O
WITH	O
clause	O
is	O
processed	O
by	O
Adabas	B-Application
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
additional	O
filtering	O
indicated	O
by	O
the	O
WHERE	O
clause	O
is	O
performed	O
by	O
Natural	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Natural	O
is	O
a	O
proprietary	O
fourth-generation	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
not	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
initial	O
(	O
1971	O
)	O
Adabas	B-Application
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versions	O
exist	O
for	O
z/OS	B-Application
,	O
z/VSE	B-Application
,	O
BS2000/OS	O
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
Unix	B-Application
and	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Natural	O
works	O
not	O
only	O
with	O
Adabas	B-Application
files	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
supports	O
Oracle	B-Application
,	O
</s>
<s>
DB2	B-Application
,	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
file	O
is	O
an	O
Adabas	B-Application
file	O
reserved	O
for	O
use	O
by	O
Natural	O
,	O
which	O
contains	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
not	O
limited	O
to	O
,	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
File	O
Definition	O
Modules	O
,	O
or	O
Data	O
Definition	O
Modules	O
(	O
DDM	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
describe	O
the	O
fields	O
defined	O
within	O
Adabas	B-Application
or	O
other	O
databases	O
supported	O
by	O
Natural	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
userviews	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
fields	O
groupings/subsets	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
file	O
is	O
not	O
limited	O
to	O
Adabas	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Natural	O
uses	O
the	O
file	O
system	O
on	O
Windows	O
and	O
various	O
Unix	B-Application
implementations	O
.	O
</s>
