<s>
The	O
A-0	B-Language
system	I-Language
(	O
Arithmetic	O
Language	O
version	O
0	O
)	O
,	O
written	O
by	O
Grace	O
Murray	O
Hopper	O
in	O
1951	O
and	O
1952	O
for	O
the	B-Operating_System
UNIVAC	I-Operating_System
I	O
,	O
was	O
an	O
early	O
compiler	B-Language
related	O
tool	O
developed	O
for	O
electronic	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
A-0	B-Language
functioned	O
more	O
as	O
a	O
loader	B-Operating_System
or	O
linker	B-Application
than	O
the	O
modern	O
notion	O
of	O
a	O
compiler	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
A-0	B-Language
system	I-Language
converted	O
the	O
specification	O
into	O
machine	B-Language
code	I-Language
that	O
could	O
be	O
fed	O
into	O
the	O
computer	O
a	O
second	O
time	O
to	O
execute	O
the	O
said	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
A-0	B-Language
system	I-Language
was	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
A-1	B-Language
,	O
A-2	B-Language
,	O
A-3	B-Language
(	O
released	O
as	O
ARITH-MATIC	B-Language
)	O
,	O
AT-3	B-Language
(	O
released	O
as	O
MATH-MATIC	B-Language
)	O
and	O
B-0	O
(	O
released	O
as	O
FLOW-MATIC	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
A-2	B-Language
system	I-Language
was	O
developed	O
at	O
the	B-Operating_System
UNIVAC	I-Operating_System
division	O
of	O
Remington	O
Rand	O
in	O
1953	O
and	O
released	O
to	O
customers	O
by	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
that	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Customers	O
were	O
provided	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
for	O
A-2	B-Language
and	O
invited	O
to	O
send	O
their	O
improvements	O
back	O
to	O
UNIVAC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
,	O
A-2	B-Language
could	O
be	O
considered	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
an	O
early	O
philosophy	O
similar	O
to	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
software	I-License
.	O
</s>
