<s>
The	O
basis	O
of	O
78K	B-Device
Family	O
is	O
an	O
accumulator-based	B-General_Concept
register-bank	B-General_Concept
CISC	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
78K	B-Device
is	O
a	O
single-chip	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
,	O
which	O
usually	O
integrates	O
;	O
program	B-Application
ROM	B-Device
,	O
data	B-General_Concept
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
serial	B-Protocol
interfaces	I-Protocol
,	O
timers	O
,	O
I/O	B-Architecture
ports	I-Architecture
,	O
an	O
A/D	O
converter	O
,	O
an	O
interrupt	B-Architecture
controller	I-Architecture
,	O
and	O
a	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
core	I-General_Concept
,	O
on	O
one	O
die	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
application	O
area	O
is	O
mainly	O
simple	O
mechanical	O
system	O
controls	O
and	O
man-machine	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Regarding	O
software	B-Application
development	I-Application
tools	I-Application
,	O
C	B-Language
compilers	B-Language
and	O
macro-assemblers	O
are	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
for	O
development	B-Application
tool	I-Application
hardware	O
,	O
full	O
probing-pod	O
type	O
and	O
debug	O
port	O
type	O
in-circuit	B-Application
emulators	I-Application
,	O
</s>
<s>
Historically	O
,	O
the	O
family	O
has	O
11	O
series	O
with	O
9	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
architectures	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2018	O
,	O
3	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
architectures	I-General_Concept
,	O
those	O
are	O
8-bit	O
78K0	O
,	O
8-bit	O
78K0S	O
,	O
and	O
16-/8	O
-bit	O
78K0R	O
,	O
are	O
still	O
promoted	O
for	O
customers	O
 '	O
new	O
designs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
in	O
most	O
of	O
cases	O
,	O
migration	O
to	O
RL78	B-Device
Family	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
78K/0	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
long-running	O
8-bit	O
single	B-Architecture
chip	I-Architecture
microcontroller	I-Architecture
,	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
contains	O
8×	O
8-bit	O
registers	O
×4	O
banks	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
16-bit	O
calculating	O
instructions	O
,	O
it	O
performs	O
ALU	B-General_Concept
operation	O
twice	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
instructions	O
are	O
performed	O
serially	O
without	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
pipelining	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
16-bit	O
64K	O
Byte	O
address	B-General_Concept
space	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
its	O
earlier	O
stage	O
,	O
the	O
Program	B-Device
Memory	I-Device
was	O
one-time	O
PROM	O
(	O
OTP	O
)	O
,	O
UV-EPROM	B-General_Concept
,	O
or	O
mask	B-Device
ROM	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
with	O
the	O
times	O
,	O
it	O
became	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
78K0S	O
Series	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
78K/0S	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
low-end	O
version	O
of	O
78K0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
8×	O
8-bit	O
registers	O
,	O
but	O
without	O
any	O
banks	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
some	O
instructions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
multiplication	O
and	O
division	O
,	O
are	O
removed	O
from	O
78K0	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
architecture	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
78K0R	O
Series	O
is	O
a	O
16-bit	O
single-chip	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
with	O
3-stage	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
pipelining	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
is	O
similar	O
to	O
78K0	O
and	O
covers	O
16	O
-	O
and	O
8-bit	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
20-bit	O
1M	O
Byte	O
address	B-General_Concept
space	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
75	O
instructions	O
out	O
of	O
80	O
are	O
identical	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
RL78	B-Device
Family	O
;	O
its	O
successor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
178K0	O
Series	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
178K/0	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
successor	O
of	O
NEC	O
's	O
17K	O
Family	O
4-bit	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
for	O
DTS	O
(	O
Digital	O
Tuning	O
Systems	O
)	O
and	O
remote	B-Protocol
controls	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
integrates	O
17K	O
family	O
's	O
peripheral	O
functions	O
with	O
the	O
78K0	O
8-bit	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
core	I-General_Concept
on	O
a	O
chip	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
178K0S	O
Series	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
178K/0S	O
)	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
successor	O
of	O
17K	O
Family	O
with	O
the	O
78K0S	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
core	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
78K4	O
Series	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
78K/4	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
16-bit	O
single-chip	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
with	O
16	O
and	O
8-bit	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
16×	O
8-bit	O
registers	O
×4	O
banks	B-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
also	O
used	O
for	O
8×	O
16-bit	O
registers	O
×4	O
banks	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
these	O
registers	O
can	O
be	O
also	O
used	O
as	O
24-bit	O
extension	O
for	O
addressing	B-Language
modes	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
24-bit	O
16M	O
Byte	O
address	B-General_Concept
space	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
microcode-based	O
operations	O
named	O
Macro	O
Service	O
with	O
interrupt	B-Application
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
78K7	O
Series	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
78K/7	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
32-bit	O
single-chip	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
with	O
32	O
,	O
16	O
and	O
8	O
bit	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
8×	O
32-bit	O
registers	O
×16	O
banks	B-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
also	O
used	O
for	O
16×	O
16-bit	O
registers	O
×16	O
banks	B-General_Concept
and	O
16×	O
8-bit	O
registers	O
×16	O
banks	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
microcode-based	O
operations	O
named	O
Macro	O
Service	O
with	O
interrupt	B-Application
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
24-bit	O
16M	O
Byte	O
linear	O
address	B-General_Concept
space	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
some	O
Quantum	B-Device
Fireball	I-Device
products	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
but	O
shortly	O
replaced	O
with	O
V850	B-Device
Family	O
32-bit	O
RISC	B-Architecture
microcontrollers	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
78K6	O
Series	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
78K/6	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
16-bit	O
single-chip	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
78K1	O
Series	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
78K/1	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
8-bit	O
single-chip	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
8×	O
8-bit	O
registers	O
×4	O
banks	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
78K1	O
series	O
is	O
targeted	O
for	O
servo	B-Algorithm
controls	I-Algorithm
of	O
videocassette	O
recorders	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
78K3	O
Series	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
78K/3	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
16-bit	O
single-chip	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
with	O
16	O
and	O
8	O
bit	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
16×	O
8-bit	O
×8	O
banks	B-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
also	O
used	O
for	O
8×	O
16-bit	O
registers	O
×8	O
banks	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
address	B-General_Concept
space	I-General_Concept
is	O
16-bit	O
64K	O
Byte	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
developed	O
as	O
high-end	O
series	O
of	O
78K	B-Device
Family	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
microcode-based	O
operations	O
named	O
Macro	O
Service	O
with	O
interrupt	B-Application
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
series	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drives	I-Device
,	O
especially	O
Quantum	B-Device
Fireball	I-Device
Series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
78K2	O
Series	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
78K/2	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
8-bit	O
single-chip	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
8×	O
8-bit	O
registers	O
×4	O
banks	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
developed	O
as	O
general	O
purpose	O
series	O
of	O
78K	B-Device
Family	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
87AD	O
Family	O
is	O
an	O
8-bit	O
single-chip	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
8×	O
8-bit	O
registers	O
×4	O
banks	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
architecture	I-General_Concept
became	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
78K	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
17K	O
Family	O
is	O
a	O
4-bit	O
single-chip	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
,	O
especially	O
dedicated	O
for	O
DTS	O
(	O
Digital	O
Tuning	O
Systems	O
)	O
and	O
remote	B-Protocol
controls	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
2	O
plane	O
of	O
128×	O
4-bit	O
register	B-General_Concept
files	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
sophisticated	O
fully	O
orthogonal	B-General_Concept
instruction	I-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
is	O
completely	O
different	O
from	O
that	O
of	O
78K	B-Device
Family	O
.	O
</s>
