<s>
3D	B-Device
food	I-Device
printing	I-Device
is	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
manufacturing	O
food	O
products	O
using	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
additive	O
manufacturing	O
techniques	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
advanced	O
3D	O
food	O
printers	O
have	O
pre-loaded	O
recipes	O
on	O
board	O
and	O
also	O
allow	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
remotely	O
design	O
their	O
food	O
on	O
their	O
computers	O
,	O
phones	O
or	O
some	O
IoT	B-Operating_System
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
three	O
general	O
areas	O
that	O
impact	O
precise	O
and	O
accurate	O
food	O
printing	O
:	O
materials/ingredients	O
(	O
viscosity	B-Application
,	O
powder	O
size	O
)	O
,	O
process	O
parameters	O
(	O
nozzle	O
diameter	O
,	O
printing	O
speed	O
,	O
printing	O
distance	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
post-processing	O
methods	O
(	O
baking	O
,	O
microwaving	O
,	O
frying	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Common	O
ingredients	O
used	O
in	O
extrusion	O
based	O
printing	O
are	O
inherently	O
soft	O
enough	O
to	O
extrude	O
from	O
a	O
syringe/printhead	O
and	O
possess	O
a	O
high	O
enough	O
viscosity	B-Application
to	O
retain	O
a	O
shape	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
are	O
added	O
to	O
increase	O
viscosity	B-Application
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Ingredients	O
with	O
low	O
viscosity	B-Application
are	O
used	O
for	O
surface	O
filling	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Food	O
materials	O
such	O
as	O
jelly	O
,	O
frosting	O
,	O
puree	O
,	O
and	O
similar	O
food	O
materials	O
with	O
appropriate	O
viscosity	B-Application
can	O
be	O
printed	O
at	O
room	O
temperature	O
without	O
prior	O
melting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3D	B-Device
food	I-Device
printing	I-Device
can	O
overcome	O
this	O
problem	O
by	O
providing	O
the	O
necessary	O
tools	O
for	O
creative	O
food	O
design	O
even	O
for	O
home	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3D	B-Device
food	I-Device
printing	I-Device
has	O
enabled	O
some	O
intricate	O
designs	O
which	O
cannot	O
be	O
accomplished	O
with	O
traditional	O
food	O
manufacturing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3D	B-Device
food	I-Device
printing	I-Device
is	O
a	O
very	O
promising	O
way	O
of	O
reducing	O
food	O
waste	O
during	O
the	O
phase	O
of	O
consumption	O
,	O
by	O
utilizing	O
food	O
products	O
like	O
meat	O
off-cuts	O
,	O
distorted	O
fruits	O
and	O
vegetables	O
,	O
sea	O
food	O
by-products	O
and	O
perishables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Considering	O
that	O
personal	O
users	O
who	O
incorporate	O
3D	B-Device
food	I-Device
printing	I-Device
in	O
their	O
kitchens	O
represent	O
a	O
significant	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
overall	O
users	O
,	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
interface	O
adds	O
to	O
the	O
complexity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
interface	O
of	O
such	O
software	O
should	O
be	O
simple	O
and	O
have	O
high	O
usability	B-General_Concept
while	O
still	O
providing	O
enough	O
features	O
and	O
customization	O
options	O
for	O
the	O
user	O
without	O
causing	O
cognitive	O
overload	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
for	O
3D	B-Device
food	I-Device
printing	I-Device
to	O
find	O
its	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
food	O
industry	O
,	O
the	O
printing	O
speed	O
needs	O
improvement	O
or	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
such	O
technology	O
should	O
be	O
affordable	O
enough	O
for	O
companies	O
to	O
operate	O
several	O
printers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
laws	O
regulating	O
copyright	O
issues	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
clear	O
whether	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
sufficient	O
to	O
cover	O
all	O
aspects	O
of	O
a	O
field	O
like	O
3D	B-Device
food	I-Device
printing	I-Device
.	O
</s>
