<s>
360-degree	B-General_Concept
videos	I-General_Concept
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
surround	O
video	O
,	O
or	O
immersive	B-General_Concept
videos	I-General_Concept
or	O
spherical	B-General_Concept
videos	I-General_Concept
,	O
are	O
video	O
recordings	O
where	O
a	O
view	O
in	O
every	O
direction	O
is	O
recorded	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
shot	O
using	O
an	O
omnidirectional	B-Algorithm
camera	I-Algorithm
or	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
playback	O
on	O
normal	O
flat	O
display	O
the	O
viewer	O
has	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
viewing	O
direction	O
like	O
a	O
panorama	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
360-degree	B-General_Concept
video	I-General_Concept
is	O
typically	O
recorded	O
using	O
either	O
a	O
special	O
rig	O
of	O
multiple	O
cameras	O
,	O
or	O
using	O
a	O
dedicated	O
camera	O
that	O
contains	O
multiple	O
camera	O
lenses	O
embedded	O
into	O
the	O
device	O
,	O
and	O
recording	O
overlapping	O
angles	O
simultaneously	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specialized	O
omnidirectional	B-Algorithm
cameras	I-Algorithm
and	O
rigs	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
recording	O
360-degree	B-General_Concept
video	I-General_Concept
,	O
including	O
rigs	O
such	O
as	O
GoPro	B-Device
's	O
Omni	O
and	O
Odyssey	O
(	O
which	O
consist	O
of	O
multiple	O
action	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
installed	O
within	O
a	O
frame	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
contained	O
cameras	O
like	O
the	O
Nokia	B-Device
OZO	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
handheld	B-Application
dual-lens	O
cameras	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Ricoh	O
Theta	O
S	O
,	O
Samsung	O
Gear	O
360	O
,	O
Garmin	O
VIRB	O
360	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Kogeto	O
Dot	O
360	O
—	O
a	O
panoramic	O
camera	O
lens	O
accessory	O
for	O
smartphone	B-Application
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
separate	O
footage	O
is	O
stitched	B-Algorithm
into	O
one	O
spherical	B-General_Concept
video	I-General_Concept
piece	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
color	O
and	O
contrast	O
of	O
each	O
shot	O
is	O
calibrated	O
to	O
be	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
360-degree	B-General_Concept
video	I-General_Concept
is	O
typically	O
formatted	O
in	O
an	O
equirectangular	O
projection	O
and	O
is	O
either	O
monoscopic	O
,	O
with	O
one	O
image	O
directed	O
to	O
both	O
eyes	O
,	O
or	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
,	O
viewed	O
as	O
two	O
distinct	O
images	O
directed	O
individually	O
to	O
each	O
eye	O
for	O
a	O
3D	O
effect	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spherical	B-General_Concept
videos	I-General_Concept
are	O
frequently	O
in	O
curvilinear	O
perspective	O
with	O
a	O
fisheye	O
effect	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
storytellers	O
refer	O
to	O
360-degree	B-General_Concept
video	I-General_Concept
that	O
uses	O
professional	O
cinematic	O
production	O
techniques	O
such	O
as	O
lighting	O
design	O
,	O
sound	O
design	O
,	O
scenic	O
design	O
,	O
and	O
blocking	O
techniques	O
as	O
cinematic	B-General_Concept
virtual	I-General_Concept
reality	I-General_Concept
(	O
or	O
cine-VR	O
for	O
short	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
360-degree	B-General_Concept
videos	I-General_Concept
are	O
typically	O
viewed	O
via	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
such	O
as	O
smartphones	B-Application
,	O
or	O
dedicated	O
head-mounted	B-General_Concept
displays	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
smartphones	B-Application
,	O
internal	O
sensors	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
gyroscope	B-Application
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
pan	O
the	O
video	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
orientation	O
of	O
the	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Taking	O
advantage	O
of	O
this	O
behavior	O
,	O
stereoscope-style	O
enclosures	O
for	O
smartphones	B-Application
(	O
such	O
as	O
Google	B-Device
Cardboard	I-Device
viewers	O
and	O
the	O
Samsung	B-Device
Gear	I-Device
VR	I-Device
)	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
view	O
360-degree	B-General_Concept
videos	I-General_Concept
in	O
an	O
immersive	O
format	O
similar	O
to	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
phone	O
display	O
is	O
viewed	O
through	O
lenses	O
contained	O
within	O
the	O
enclosure	O
,	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
headsets	O
that	O
contain	O
their	O
own	O
dedicated	O
displays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2015	O
,	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
launched	O
support	O
for	O
publishing	O
and	O
viewing	O
360-degree	B-General_Concept
videos	I-General_Concept
,	O
with	O
playback	O
on	O
its	O
website	O
and	O
its	O
Android	B-Application
mobile	I-Application
apps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Parent	O
company	O
Google	B-Application
also	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
collaborate	O
with	O
camera	O
manufacturers	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
easier	O
for	O
creators	O
to	O
upload	O
360-degree	O
content	O
recorded	O
with	O
their	O
products	O
to	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
.	I-General_Concept
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
(	O
parent	O
company	O
of	O
VR	O
headset	O
maker	O
Oculus	B-Application
VR	I-Application
)	O
followed	O
suit	O
by	O
adding	O
360-degree	B-General_Concept
video	I-General_Concept
support	O
in	O
September	O
2015	O
,	O
and	O
subsequently	O
unveiled	O
reference	O
designs	O
for	O
its	O
own	O
360-degree	B-Algorithm
camera	I-Algorithm
systems	O
known	O
as	O
Facebook	B-Application
Surround	O
360	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
announced	O
in	O
March	O
2017	O
that	O
more	O
than	O
1	O
million	O
360-degree	B-General_Concept
videos	I-General_Concept
had	O
been	O
uploaded	O
to	O
Facebook	B-Application
to	O
date	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vimeo	O
also	O
launched	O
360-degree	B-General_Concept
video	I-General_Concept
support	O
in	O
March	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Device
Cardboard	I-Device
,	O
which	O
is	O
typically	O
distributed	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
do-it-yourself	O
kits	O
consisting	O
of	O
low-cost	O
materials	O
and	O
components	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
credited	O
with	O
helping	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
become	O
more	O
readily	O
available	O
to	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
,	O
and	O
helping	O
boost	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
360-degree	B-General_Concept
video	I-General_Concept
by	O
publishers	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
mainstream	O
journalists	O
and	O
media	O
brands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
"	O
to	O
describe	O
360-degree	B-General_Concept
video	I-General_Concept
has	O
been	O
disputed	O
,	O
as	O
VR	O
typically	O
refers	O
to	O
interactive	O
experiences	O
wherein	O
the	O
viewer	O
's	O
motions	O
can	O
be	O
tracked	O
to	O
allow	O
real-time	O
interactions	O
within	O
a	O
virtual	O
environment	O
,	O
with	O
orientation	O
and	O
position	B-Operating_System
tracking	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
360-degree	B-General_Concept
video	I-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
locations	O
of	O
viewers	O
are	O
fixed	O
,	O
viewers	O
are	O
limited	O
to	O
the	O
angles	O
captured	O
by	O
the	O
cameras	O
,	O
and	O
cannot	O
interact	O
with	O
the	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
