<s>
1980s	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
1990s	B-Application
in	I-Application
video	I-Application
games	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
2000s	B-Application
Other	O
topics	O
:	O
Anthropology	O
.	O
Comics	O
.	O
Fashion	O
.	O
Music	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
1990s	O
was	O
the	O
third	B-Device
decade	I-Device
in	I-Device
the	I-Device
industry	I-Device
's	I-Device
history	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
a	O
decade	O
of	O
transition	O
from	O
sprite-based	O
graphics	O
to	O
full-fledged	O
3D	O
graphics	O
and	O
it	O
gave	O
rise	O
to	O
several	O
genres	O
of	O
video	O
games	O
including	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
limited	O
to	O
,	O
the	O
first-person	O
shooter	O
,	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
strategy	B-Application
,	O
survival	O
horror	O
,	O
and	O
MMO	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Arcade	O
games	O
,	O
although	O
still	O
relatively	O
popular	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
,	O
began	O
to	O
decline	O
as	O
home	B-Device
consoles	I-Device
became	O
more	O
common	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
fourth	B-Application
and	O
fifth	B-Application
generation	I-Application
of	I-Application
video	I-Application
game	I-Application
consoles	I-Application
went	O
on	O
sale	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Super	B-Application
Nintendo	I-Application
,	O
Sega	B-Device
Saturn	I-Device
,	O
PlayStation	B-Device
,	O
Nintendo	B-Operating_System
64	I-Operating_System
and	O
Game	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
Color	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notable	O
games	O
released	O
in	O
the	O
1990s	O
included	O
Sonic	B-Application
the	I-Application
Hedgehog	I-Application
,	O
Doom	B-Application
,	O
Half-Life	B-Application
,	O
Grand	B-Application
Theft	I-Application
Auto	I-Application
,	O
Deus	B-Application
Ex	I-Application
,	O
Super	B-Application
Mario	I-Application
64	I-Application
,	O
Pokémon	B-Application
Red	I-Application
and	I-Application
Blue	I-Application
,	O
Castlevania	B-Application
:	I-Application
Symphony	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Night	I-Application
,	O
Super	B-Application
Metroid	I-Application
,	O
The	B-Application
Legend	I-Application
of	I-Application
Zelda	I-Application
:	I-Application
Ocarina	I-Application
of	I-Application
Time	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Final	B-Application
Fantasy	I-Application
VII	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
in	O
1987	B-Application
and	O
ending	O
in	O
1996	B-Application
,	O
the	O
fourth	B-Application
generation	I-Application
of	I-Application
video	I-Application
game	I-Application
consoles	I-Application
consisted	O
primarily	O
of	O
games	O
and	O
systems	O
programmed	O
for	O
the	O
16-bit	B-Application
era	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
this	O
generation	O
,	O
2D	O
graphics	O
had	O
improved	O
over	O
the	O
previous	B-Application
generation	I-Application
and	O
experimentation	O
began	O
to	O
occur	O
with	O
3D	O
graphics	O
,	O
although	O
3D	O
games	O
were	O
more	O
prevalent	O
on	O
the	O
PC	B-Device
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
fourth	B-Application
generation	O
also	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
compact	O
discs	O
were	O
considered	O
a	O
viable	O
port	O
for	O
video	O
game	O
retail	O
sales	O
with	O
the	O
CD-i	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
notable	O
systems	O
released	O
during	O
this	O
generation	O
were	O
the	O
Mega	B-Operating_System
Drive/Genesis	I-Operating_System
(	O
1988	B-Application
)	O
,	O
the	O
Super	B-Application
NES	I-Application
(	O
1990	B-Application
)	O
and	O
the	O
Neo	B-Application
Geo	I-Application
(	O
1991	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nintendo	O
's	O
Game	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
was	O
also	O
released	O
during	O
the	O
fourth	B-Application
generation	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
later	O
become	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
series	O
of	O
handheld	B-Application
gaming	I-Application
systems	I-Application
during	O
the	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
rivalry	O
between	O
Sega	O
and	O
Nintendo	O
occurred	O
during	O
this	O
generation	O
,	O
starting	O
the	O
2nd	O
major	O
console	O
war	O
,	O
The	O
1st	O
being	O
between	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
&	O
Intellivision	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
in	O
1993	B-Application
and	O
ending	O
in	O
2001	O
,	O
the	O
fifth	B-Application
generation	I-Application
of	O
video	O
games	O
are	O
most	O
widely	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
32/64	O
bit	O
era	O
and	O
for	O
being	O
the	O
transition	O
period	O
for	O
video	O
games	O
to	O
evolve	O
into	O
the	O
third	O
dimension	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Nintendo	B-Operating_System
64	I-Operating_System
(	O
1996	B-Application
)	O
,	O
PlayStation	B-Device
(	O
1994	B-Application
)	O
,	O
and	O
Sega	B-Device
Saturn	I-Device
(	O
1994	B-Application
)	O
are	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
big	O
three	O
gaming	O
systems	O
of	O
this	O
generation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
and	O
Saturn	B-Device
,	O
compact	O
discs	O
(	O
CDs	O
)	O
began	O
to	O
replace	O
cartridges	B-Protocol
however	O
Nintendo	O
continued	O
using	O
them	O
with	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Operating_System
64	I-Operating_System
due	O
to	O
the	O
load	O
times	O
on	O
CDs	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
and	O
became	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
cartridge	B-Protocol
based	O
systems	O
in	O
mass	O
production	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sixth	O
generation	O
was	O
initiated	O
by	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	B-Operating_System
Dreamcast	I-Operating_System
in	O
1999	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
introduced	O
several	O
innovations	O
including	O
Internet	B-Application
gaming	I-Application
as	O
a	O
standard	O
feature	O
through	O
its	O
built-in	O
modem	B-Application
,	O
and	O
a	O
web	O
browser	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
also	O
the	O
first	O
home	B-Device
console	I-Device
to	O
always	O
display	O
full	O
SD	O
resolution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
its	O
early	O
success	O
,	O
the	B-Operating_System
Dreamcast	I-Operating_System
was	O
discontinued	O
prematurely	O
as	O
sales	O
slowed	O
following	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
2	I-Device
on	O
March	O
4	O
,	O
2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
was	O
a	O
"	O
3D	O
Revolution	O
"	O
in	O
the	O
1990s	O
,	O
where	O
video	O
games	O
made	O
the	O
transition	O
from	O
2D	O
and	O
pseudo-3D	O
graphics	O
to	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
3D	O
polygon	B-General_Concept
graphics	O
,	O
a	O
trend	O
popularized	O
by	O
3D	O
arcade	B-Application
video	I-Application
games	I-Application
in	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Namco	B-Application
System	I-Application
21	I-Application
which	O
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
for	O
racing	O
games	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1980s	B-Application
was	O
adapted	O
by	O
Namco	O
for	O
new	O
3D	O
action	B-Application
games	I-Application
in	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
rail	O
shooters	O
Galaxian	B-Application
3	I-Application
(	O
1990	B-Application
)	O
and	O
Solvalou	O
(	O
1991	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sega	O
responded	O
with	O
the	O
Sega	O
Model	O
1	O
,	O
which	O
further	O
popularized	O
3D	O
polygons	B-General_Concept
with	O
Sega	O
AM2	O
games	O
including	O
Virtua	B-Application
Racing	I-Application
(	O
1992	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
fighting	O
game	O
Virtua	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
(	O
1993	B-Application
)	O
,	O
especially	O
popularizing	O
3D	O
polygon	B-General_Concept
human	O
characters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Namco	O
then	O
responded	O
with	O
the	O
Namco	B-Application
System	I-Application
22	I-Application
,	O
capable	O
of	O
3D	O
polygon	B-General_Concept
texture	O
mapping	O
and	O
Gouraud	B-Algorithm
shading	I-Algorithm
,	O
used	O
for	O
Ridge	B-Application
Racer	I-Application
(	O
1993	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Sega	O
Model	O
2	O
took	O
it	O
further	O
with	O
3D	O
polygon	B-General_Concept
texture	O
filtering	O
,	O
used	O
by	O
1994	B-Application
for	O
racers	O
such	O
as	O
Daytona	B-Application
USA	I-Application
,	O
fighting	O
games	O
such	O
as	O
Virtua	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
2	I-Application
,	O
and	O
light	O
gun	O
shooters	O
such	O
as	O
Virtua	B-Language
Cop	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Namco	O
responded	O
with	O
3D	O
fighters	O
such	O
as	O
Tekken	B-Application
(	O
1994	B-Application
)	O
and	O
3D	O
light	O
gun	O
shooters	O
such	O
as	O
Time	B-Application
Crisis	I-Application
(	O
1995	B-Application
)	O
,	O
the	O
latter	O
running	O
on	O
the	O
Super	B-Application
System	I-Application
22	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
home	B-Device
consoles	I-Device
,	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
Sega	O
's	O
Virtua	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
in	O
the	O
arcades	O
inspired	O
Sony	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
(	O
released	O
1994	B-Application
)	O
as	O
a	O
3D-focused	O
hardware	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
2D-focused	O
hardware	O
as	O
they	O
had	O
originally	O
planned	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Super	B-Application
Mario	I-Application
64	I-Application
(	O
1996	B-Application
)	O
is	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
revolutionary	O
video	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
games	O
that	O
moved	O
onto	O
3D	O
also	O
tried	O
to	O
mimic	O
Mario	B-Application
's	O
success	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
of	O
pixels	O
,	O
polygons	B-General_Concept
became	O
a	O
standard	O
sight	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
video	O
games	O
from	O
then	O
on	O
as	O
they	O
looked	O
more	O
lifelike	O
when	O
programmed	O
into	O
the	O
right	O
shapes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lara	O
Croft	O
of	O
the	O
Tomb	B-Application
Raider	I-Application
series	O
became	O
the	O
first	O
video	O
game	O
sex	O
symbol	O
,	O
becoming	O
a	O
recognizable	O
figure	O
in	O
the	O
entertainment	O
industry	O
throughout	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
id	O
Software	O
's	O
Doom	B-Application
(	O
1993	B-Application
)	O
is	O
widely	O
credited	O
as	O
the	O
origin	O
of	O
modern	O
first-person	O
shooter	O
(	O
FPS	O
)	O
video	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
people	O
give	O
this	O
credit	O
to	O
id	O
's	O
Wolfenstein	B-Application
3D	I-Application
(	O
1992	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
was	O
released	O
roughly	O
a	O
year	O
and	O
a	O
half	O
earlier	O
than	O
Doom	B-Application
,	O
but	O
was	O
not	O
nearly	O
as	O
popular	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wolfenstein	B-Application
3D	I-Application
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
video	O
games	O
to	O
feature	O
ray	B-Algorithm
casting	I-Algorithm
with	O
texture	O
mapping	O
,	O
where	O
graphical	O
textures	O
are	O
wrapped	O
around	O
3D	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
were	O
succeeded	O
by	O
id	O
's	O
Quake	B-Application
(	O
1996	B-Application
)	O
,	O
which	O
made	O
the	O
transition	O
from	O
ray	B-Algorithm
casting	I-Algorithm
to	O
3D	O
polygon	B-General_Concept
graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nearly	O
every	O
system	O
released	O
in	O
the	O
mid-late	O
1990s	O
began	O
to	O
move	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
technology	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Operating_System
64	I-Operating_System
being	O
the	O
last	O
major	O
home	B-Device
video	I-Device
game	I-Device
console	I-Device
to	O
use	O
ROM	B-Protocol
cartridges	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
fifth	B-Application
generation	I-Application
marked	O
a	O
turning	O
point	O
for	O
optical-based	B-Device
storage	I-Device
media	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
cartridge	B-Protocol
format	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
was	O
pushed	O
beyond	O
the	O
limits	O
of	O
its	O
storage	O
capacity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Consequently	O
,	O
many	O
game	O
developers	B-Application
shifted	O
their	O
support	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Operating_System
64	I-Operating_System
to	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
CD-ROMs	B-Device
lacking	O
the	O
built-in	O
memory	O
of	O
ROM	B-Protocol
Cartridges	I-Protocol
,	O
the	O
Sony	B-Device
PlayStation	I-Device
introduced	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
memory	B-Device
cards	I-Device
to	O
store	O
saved	O
game	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
became	O
the	O
standard	O
for	O
video	B-Application
game	I-Application
consoles	I-Application
until	O
it	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
hard	B-Device
drives	I-Device
and	O
built-in	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
during	O
the	O
seventh	B-Application
generation	I-Application
in	O
the	O
late	O
first	O
decade	O
of	O
the	O
21st	O
century	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Super	B-Application
NES	I-Application
controller	B-Device
introduced	O
a	O
more	O
rounded	O
dog-bone	O
like	O
design	O
and	O
added	O
two	O
more	O
face	O
buttons	O
,	O
"	O
X	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
Y	O
"	O
,	O
arranging	O
the	O
four	O
in	O
a	O
diamond	O
formation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PlayStation	B-Device
controller	B-Device
was	O
the	O
first	O
standard	O
operating	O
device	O
for	O
a	O
home	B-Device
console	I-Device
to	O
use	O
two	O
handle-bars	O
at	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	O
controller	B-Device
whereas	O
previously	O
this	O
feature	O
had	O
been	O
relegated	O
to	O
niche	O
specialist	O
controllers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
has	O
been	O
standard	O
in	O
most	O
game	B-Device
controllers	I-Device
since	O
,	O
until	O
the	B-Operating_System
Wii	I-Operating_System
appeared	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Virtual	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
Controller	B-Device
was	O
a	O
controller	B-Device
which	O
utilized	O
dual	O
joypads	O
similar	O
to	O
how	O
analog	B-Device
sticks	I-Device
functioned	O
in	O
later	O
"	O
dual	O
control	O
"	O
sixth-generation	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
analog	B-Device
stick	I-Device
sometimes	O
called	O
a	O
control	B-Device
stick	I-Device
or	O
thumbstick	B-Device
,	O
is	O
an	O
input	O
device	O
for	O
a	O
game	B-Device
controller	I-Device
that	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
two-dimensional	O
input	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
analog	B-Device
stick	I-Device
is	O
a	O
variation	O
of	O
a	O
joystick	B-Device
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
a	O
protrusion	O
from	O
the	O
controller	B-Device
;	O
input	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
position	O
of	O
this	O
protrusion	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
the	O
default	O
"	O
center	O
"	O
position	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
D-pads	B-Device
and	O
digital	O
sticks	O
rely	O
on	O
single	O
electrical	O
connections	O
for	O
movement	O
(	O
using	O
internal	O
digital	O
electrical	O
contacts	O
for	O
up	O
,	O
down	O
,	O
left	O
and	O
right	O
)	O
,	O
analog	B-Device
sticks	I-Device
use	O
continuous	O
electrical	O
activity	O
running	O
through	O
potentiometers	B-Device
to	O
measure	O
the	O
exact	O
position	O
of	O
the	O
stick	O
within	O
its	O
full	O
range	O
of	O
motion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1996	B-Application
Nintendo	O
introduced	O
the	O
first	O
analog	O
thumbstick	B-Device
on	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Device
64	I-Device
controller	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
subsequently	O
followed	O
during	O
the	O
fifth	B-Application
generation	I-Application
by	O
the	O
3D	O
Control	B-Device
Pad	I-Device
(	O
packaged	O
with	O
Nights	B-Application
into	I-Application
Dreams	I-Application
...	I-Application
)	O
,	O
the	O
Sony	O
Dual	B-Device
Analog	I-Device
gamepad	O
which	O
introduced	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
two	O
analog	B-Device
sticks	I-Device
,	O
and	O
the	O
Sony	B-Device
DualShock	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
then	O
,	O
all	O
major	O
video	B-Application
game	I-Application
console	I-Application
controllers	O
have	O
included	O
two	O
analog	O
thumbsticks	B-Device
,	O
except	O
for	O
the	B-Operating_System
Wii	I-Operating_System
's	O
"	O
Wii-mote	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
optional	O
Rumble	B-Device
Pak	I-Device
for	O
the	O
Nintendo	B-Device
64	I-Device
controller	I-Device
introduced	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
haptic	O
force	O
feedback	O
technology	O
in	O
gaming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
later	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
DualShock	B-Device
controller	B-Device
for	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
which	O
had	O
built-in	O
haptic	O
feedback	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
then	O
,	O
built-in	O
force	O
feedback	O
has	O
become	O
standard	O
for	O
most	O
game	B-Device
controllers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
pressure-sensitive	O
buttons	O
was	O
introduced	O
by	O
the	B-Operating_System
Dreamcast	I-Operating_System
in	O
1999	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
trigger-like	O
shoulder	O
buttons	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
earlier	O
Nintendo	B-Device
64	I-Device
controller	I-Device
,	O
but	O
the	O
main	O
difference	O
being	O
that	O
DreamCast	B-Operating_System
controller	B-Device
's	O
shoulder	O
buttons	O
are	O
pressure-sensitive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
then	O
,	O
most	O
game	B-Device
controllers	I-Device
have	O
included	O
pressure-sensitive	O
buttons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
rapid	O
availability	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	O
in	O
the	O
1990s	O
led	O
to	O
an	O
expansion	O
of	O
Online	B-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
Video	B-Application
game	I-Application
consoles	I-Application
also	O
began	O
to	O
receive	O
online	O
networking	O
peripherals	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Satellaview	B-Device
(	O
1995	B-Application
)	O
,	O
SegaNet	O
(	O
1996	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Online	O
gaming	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
the	O
exclusive	O
domain	O
of	O
PC	B-Device
games	O
,	O
became	O
prominent	O
in	O
video	B-Application
game	I-Application
consoles	I-Application
starting	O
with	O
Dreamcast	B-Application
online	I-Application
functionality	I-Application
in	O
1999	B-Application
with	O
its	O
built	O
in	O
modem	B-Application
,	O
internet	O
browsing	O
software	O
,	O
and	O
ability	O
to	O
play	O
certain	O
games	B-Application
online	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nearly	O
all	O
consoles	B-Device
since	O
released	O
then	O
have	O
had	O
support	O
for	O
online	O
gaming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
technically	O
innovative	O
and	O
genre-defining	O
games	O
were	O
developed	O
during	O
the	O
1990s	O
,	O
largely	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
3D	O
graphics	O
allowing	O
three-dimensional	O
environments	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
optical	B-Device
discs	I-Device
which	O
allowed	O
much	O
greater	O
storage	O
capacity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
release	O
of	O
Street	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
II	I-Application
in	O
1991	B-Application
is	O
often	O
considered	O
a	O
revolutionary	O
moment	O
in	O
the	O
fighting	O
game	O
genre	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yoshiki	O
Okamoto	O
's	O
team	O
developed	O
the	O
most	O
accurate	O
joystick	B-Device
and	O
button	O
scanning	O
routine	O
in	O
the	O
genre	O
thus	O
far	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
was	O
also	O
highly	O
successful	O
because	O
its	O
graphics	O
took	O
advantage	O
of	O
Capcom	O
's	O
CPS	B-Application
arcade	I-Application
chipset	I-Application
,	O
with	O
highly	O
detailed	O
characters	O
and	O
stages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Whereas	O
previous	O
games	O
allowed	O
players	O
to	O
combat	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
computer-controlled	O
fighters	O
,	O
Street	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
II	I-Application
allowed	O
players	O
to	O
play	O
against	O
each	O
other	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
popularity	O
of	O
Street	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
II	I-Application
surprised	O
the	O
gaming	O
industry	O
,	O
as	O
arcade	O
owners	O
bought	O
more	O
machines	O
to	O
keep	O
up	O
with	O
demand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SNK	O
released	O
Fatal	B-Application
Fury	I-Application
:	I-Application
King	I-Application
of	I-Application
Fighters	I-Application
a	O
few	O
months	O
later	O
,	O
adding	O
a	O
two-plane	O
system	O
where	O
characters	O
could	O
step	O
into	O
the	O
foreground	O
or	O
background	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
fighting	O
games	O
achieved	O
greater	O
commercial	O
success	O
,	O
including	O
SNK	O
's	O
Art	B-Application
of	I-Application
Fighting	I-Application
and	O
Samurai	B-Application
Shodown	I-Application
as	O
well	O
as	O
Sega	O
's	O
Eternal	B-Application
Champions	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nevertheless	O
,	O
Street	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
II	I-Application
remained	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
,	O
spawning	O
a	O
special	O
Champion	O
Edition	O
that	O
improved	O
game	O
balance	O
and	O
allowed	O
players	O
to	O
use	O
additional	O
characters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
popularity	O
of	O
Street	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
II	I-Application
led	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
released	O
for	O
home	B-Device
game	I-Device
consoles	I-Device
and	O
allowed	O
it	O
to	O
define	O
the	O
template	O
for	O
fighting	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sega	O
began	O
to	O
attract	O
attention	O
with	O
the	O
1993	B-Application
release	O
of	O
Virtua	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
in	O
arcades	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
fighting	O
game	O
with	O
3D	O
polygon	B-General_Concept
graphics	O
and	O
a	O
viewpoint	O
that	O
zoomed	O
and	O
rotated	O
with	O
the	O
action	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
game	O
was	O
released	O
for	O
the	O
Sega	B-Device
Saturn	I-Device
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
the	O
game	O
and	O
system	O
were	O
selling	O
at	O
almost	O
a	O
one-to-one	O
ratio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1994	B-Application
,	O
SNK	O
released	O
The	B-Application
King	I-Application
of	I-Application
Fighters	I-Application
'	I-Application
94	I-Application
in	O
arcades	O
,	O
where	O
players	O
choose	O
from	O
teams	O
of	O
three	O
characters	O
to	O
eliminate	O
each	O
other	O
one	O
by	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
follow-up	O
to	O
Street	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
II	I-Application
,	O
Street	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
Alpha	I-Application
,	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
1995	B-Application
but	O
was	O
unable	O
to	O
match	O
the	O
popularity	O
of	O
its	O
predecessor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Namco	O
's	O
Tekken	B-Application
(	O
released	O
in	O
arcades	O
in	O
1994	B-Application
and	O
on	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
in	O
1995	B-Application
)	O
proved	O
critical	O
to	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
's	O
early	O
success	O
,	O
with	O
its	B-Application
sequels	I-Application
also	O
becoming	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
console	O
's	O
most	O
important	O
titles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1992	O
,	O
Mortal	B-Application
Kombat	I-Application
became	O
a	O
popular	O
fighting	O
game	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
sprites	O
being	O
real	O
people	O
digitalized	O
into	O
the	O
game	O
with	O
graphic	O
and	O
controversial	O
depictions	O
of	O
violence	O
,	O
most	O
notably	O
,	O
the	O
fatalities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Soul	O
series	O
of	O
weapon-based	O
fighting	O
games	O
also	O
achieved	O
considerable	O
critical	O
success	O
,	O
beginning	O
with	O
1995	B-Application
's	O
Soul	B-Application
Edge	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tecmo	O
's	O
Dead	B-Application
or	I-Application
Alive	I-Application
(	O
released	O
in	O
1996	B-Application
in	O
Japanese	O
arcades	O
and	O
1998	B-Application
on	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
)	O
spawned	O
a	O
long-running	B-Application
franchise	I-Application
,	O
known	O
for	O
its	O
fast-paced	O
control	O
system	O
and	O
innovative	O
counterattacks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
series	O
again	O
included	O
titles	O
important	O
to	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
their	O
respective	O
consoles	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
fifth	B-Application
generation	I-Application
of	O
games	O
,	O
3-D	O
graphics	O
become	O
the	O
standard	O
by	O
end	O
of	O
decade	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1992	O
Wolfenstein	B-Application
3d	I-Application
is	O
released	O
,	O
creating	O
interest	O
in	O
what	O
FPS	O
games	O
could	O
become	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Doom	B-Application
(	O
1993	B-Application
)	O
bursts	O
onto	O
the	O
world	O
scene	O
and	O
instantly	O
popularizes	O
the	O
FPS	O
genre	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
how	O
games	O
are	O
played	O
,	O
as	O
Doom	B-Application
is	I-Application
among	O
the	O
first	O
games	O
to	O
feature	O
multiplayer	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
Goldeneye	B-Application
007	I-Application
(	O
1997	B-Application
)	O
,	O
that	O
introduced	O
an	O
engine	O
that	O
made	O
development	O
of	O
first-person	O
shooters	O
for	O
home	B-Device
consoles	I-Device
a	O
practical	O
idea	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
not	O
until	O
Quake	B-Application
(	O
1996	B-Application
)	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
that	O
game	O
developers	B-Application
begin	O
to	O
take	O
multiplayer	O
features	O
into	O
serious	O
consideration	O
when	O
making	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quake	B-Application
II	I-Application
(	O
1997	B-Application
)	O
,	O
Unreal	B-Application
(	O
1998	B-Application
)	O
and	O
Half-Life	B-Application
(	O
1998	B-Application
)	O
feature	O
the	O
next	O
evolutionary	O
step	O
in	O
the	O
genre	O
with	O
continual	O
progression	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
(	O
no	O
levels	O
in	O
the	O
traditional	O
sense	O
)	O
and	O
an	O
entirely	O
in-person	O
view	O
,	O
and	O
become	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
video	O
games	O
in	O
history	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early-to-mid-1990s	O
,	O
several	O
video	O
game	O
developers	B-Application
experimented	O
with	O
plot	O
twists	O
and	O
providing	O
alternative	O
storylines	O
and	O
endings	O
into	O
their	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
even	O
went	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
to	O
film	O
live	O
action	B-Application
scenes	O
and	O
scripted	O
popular	O
actors	O
to	O
play	O
the	O
parts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Night	B-Application
Trap	I-Application
,	O
released	O
in	O
1992	O
,	O
was	O
highly	O
acclaimed	O
for	O
implementing	O
live	O
action	B-Application
scenes	O
into	O
video	O
games	O
and	O
later	O
the	O
Wing	O
Commander	O
series	O
dove	O
into	O
live	O
action	B-Application
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wing	B-Application
Commander	I-Application
IV	I-Application
:	I-Application
The	I-Application
Price	I-Application
of	I-Application
Freedom	I-Application
was	O
given	O
an	O
unheard	O
of	O
budget	O
of	O
US$12	O
million	O
and	O
starred	O
Mark	O
Hamill	O
of	O
Star	B-Application
Wars	I-Application
fame	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
was	O
an	O
evolutionary	O
step	O
during	O
the	O
fifth	B-Application
generation	I-Application
in	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
complete	O
transformation	O
of	O
the	O
genre	O
during	O
the	O
sixth	O
generation	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
advent	O
of	O
16-bit	B-Application
home	B-Device
consoles	I-Device
in	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
marked	O
an	O
evolutionary	O
step	O
for	O
the	O
genre	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
Mega	B-Operating_System
Drive	I-Operating_System
and	O
Super	B-Application
Nintendo	I-Application
Entertainment	I-Application
System	I-Application
launched	O
,	O
platform	O
games	O
were	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
genre	O
in	O
home	B-Device
console	I-Device
gaming	O
and	O
were	O
seen	O
as	O
vital	O
for	O
winning	O
the	O
console	O
war	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
was	O
a	O
particular	O
emphasis	O
on	O
having	O
a	O
flagship	O
platform	O
title	O
exclusive	O
to	O
a	O
format	O
,	O
featuring	O
a	O
"	O
mascot	B-Application
"	O
character	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sega	O
's	O
Alex	B-Application
Kidd	I-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
Enchanted	I-Application
Castle	I-Application
(	O
1989	B-Application
)	O
was	O
only	O
modestly	O
successful	O
,	O
and	O
Sega	O
realized	O
would	O
need	O
a	O
stronger	O
mascot	B-Application
to	O
move	O
Genesis	B-Operating_System
units	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1990	B-Application
,	O
Hudson	O
Soft	O
released	O
Bonk	B-Application
's	I-Application
Adventure	I-Application
featuring	O
a	O
character	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
positioned	O
as	O
NEC	O
's	O
mascot	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
1990	B-Application
marked	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
Super	B-Application
NES	I-Application
,	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
much	O
awaited	O
Super	B-Application
Mario	I-Application
World	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
fend	O
off	O
the	O
new	O
competition	O
,	O
Sega	O
released	O
Sonic	B-Application
the	I-Application
Hedgehog	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Whereas	O
Nintendo	O
's	O
offering	O
featured	O
a	O
conservative	O
design	O
,	O
true	O
to	O
the	O
Mario	B-Application
tradition	O
,	O
Sonic	B-Application
showcased	O
a	O
new	O
style	O
of	O
design	O
made	O
possible	O
by	O
a	O
new	O
generation	O
of	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sonic	B-Application
featured	O
large	O
fields	O
that	O
scrolled	O
effortlessly	O
in	O
all	O
directions	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
all	O
manner	O
of	O
uneven	O
terrain	O
,	O
curved	O
hills	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
complex	O
physics	O
system	O
that	O
allowed	O
players	O
to	O
rush	O
through	O
its	O
levels	O
with	O
well-placed	O
jumps	O
and	O
rolls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Sonic	B-Application
character	O
was	O
also	O
seen	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
model	O
for	O
mascots	B-Application
in	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
,	O
particularly	O
for	O
his	O
perceived	O
"	O
attitude	O
,	O
"	O
which	O
characterized	O
him	O
as	O
a	O
rebel	O
from	O
the	O
status	O
quo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
"	O
attitude	O
"	O
would	O
soon	O
become	O
the	O
status	O
quo	O
,	O
as	O
companies	O
attempted	O
to	O
duplicate	O
Sonic	B-Application
's	O
success	O
with	O
their	O
own	O
brightly	O
colored	O
anthropomorphisms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
mascots	B-Application
,	O
which	O
included	O
the	O
likes	O
of	O
Gex	O
,	O
Bug	O
!,	O
and	O
Bubsy	O
,	O
have	O
mostly	O
faded	O
from	O
relevance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1996	B-Application
,	O
Nintendo	O
released	O
Super	B-Application
Mario	I-Application
64	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mario	B-Application
64	I-Application
set	O
a	O
new	O
standard	O
and	O
would	O
be	O
imitated	O
by	O
many	O
3D	O
platformers	O
to	O
follow	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
aid	O
this	O
,	O
Nintendo	O
incorporated	O
an	O
analog	B-Device
control	I-Device
stick	I-Device
to	O
their	O
standard	O
Nintendo	B-Device
64	I-Device
controller	I-Device
,	O
something	O
which	O
had	O
not	O
been	O
included	O
in	O
a	O
standard	O
console	O
controller	B-Device
since	O
the	O
Vectrex	B-Operating_System
(	O
and	O
since	O
incorporated	O
into	O
the	O
DualShock	B-Device
among	O
other	O
controllers	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
argue	O
that	O
many	O
modern	O
3D	O
platformers	O
,	O
especially	O
those	O
influenced	O
heavily	O
by	O
Super	B-Application
Mario	I-Application
64	I-Application
,	O
are	O
not	O
platformers	O
at	O
all	O
,	O
or	O
at	O
least	O
are	O
not	O
really	O
an	O
extension	O
of	O
2D	O
platformers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Super	B-Application
Mario	I-Application
64	I-Application
brought	O
a	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
goals	O
of	O
some	O
platformers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
most	O
2D	O
platformers	O
,	O
the	O
player	O
only	O
had	O
to	O
reach	O
a	O
single	O
goal	O
to	O
complete	O
a	O
level	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
many	O
3D	O
platformers	O
,	O
each	O
level	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
combed	O
for	O
collectible	O
items	O
such	O
as	O
puzzle	O
pieces	O
(	O
Banjo-Kazooie	B-Application
)	O
or	O
stars	O
(	O
Super	B-Application
Mario	I-Application
64	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allowed	O
for	O
more	O
efficient	O
use	O
of	O
large	O
3D	O
areas	O
and	O
rewarded	O
the	O
player	O
for	O
thorough	O
exploration	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
also	O
often	O
involved	O
more	O
elements	O
of	O
action-adventure	O
games	O
,	O
and	O
less	O
jumping	O
on	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1992	O
,	O
Sega	O
produced	O
Virtua	B-Application
Racing	I-Application
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
games	O
with	O
full	O
3D	O
graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
combine	O
the	B-Device
best	I-Device
features	O
of	O
games	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
multiplayer	O
machine	O
linking	O
and	O
clean	O
3D	O
graphics	O
to	O
produce	O
a	O
game	O
that	O
was	O
above	O
and	O
beyond	O
the	O
arcade	O
market	O
standard	O
of	O
its	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
Nintendo	O
broke	O
new	O
ground	O
by	O
introducing	O
the	O
Mario	B-Application
Kart	I-Application
series	O
on	O
the	O
SNES	B-Application
with	O
Super	B-Application
Mario	I-Application
Kart	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
the	O
familiar	O
characters	O
from	O
the	O
Mario	B-Application
franchise	I-Application
,	O
the	O
game	O
not	O
only	O
departed	O
from	O
the	O
realism	O
paradigm	O
by	O
using	O
small	O
karts	O
for	O
the	O
players	O
to	O
drive	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
featured	O
bright	O
,	O
colorful	O
environments	O
and	O
allowed	O
the	O
players	O
to	O
pick	O
up	O
power-ups	O
to	O
improve	O
performance	O
or	O
hamper	O
other	O
racers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
N64	B-Operating_System
making	O
the	O
first	O
Mario	B-Application
Kart	I-Application
game	O
to	O
feature	O
3D	O
computer	O
graphics	O
while	O
still	O
using	O
pre-rendered	O
sprites	O
for	O
the	O
characters	O
and	O
items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1993	B-Application
,	O
Namco	O
struck	O
back	O
with	O
Ridge	B-Application
Racer	I-Application
,	O
and	O
thus	O
began	O
the	O
polygonal	O
war	O
of	O
driving	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sega	O
struck	O
back	O
in	O
1994	B-Application
with	O
Daytona	B-Application
USA	I-Application
,	O
while	O
Midway	O
introduced	O
Cruis'n	B-Application
USA	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Atari	O
did	O
n't	O
join	O
the	O
3D	O
craze	O
until	O
1997	B-Application
,	O
when	O
it	O
introduced	O
San	B-Application
Francisco	I-Application
Rush	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1996	B-Application
,	O
Konami	O
introduced	O
GTI	B-Device
Club	I-Device
which	O
allowed	O
free	O
roaming	O
of	O
the	O
environment	O
–	O
something	O
of	O
a	O
revolution	O
that	O
had	O
only	O
been	O
done	O
in	O
3D	O
before	O
in	O
Hard	B-Application
Drivin	I-Application
 '	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1997	B-Application
,	O
Gran	B-Application
Turismo	I-Application
was	O
released	O
for	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
considered	O
the	O
most	O
realistic	O
racing	B-Application
simulation	I-Application
game	O
in	O
its	O
time	O
,	O
combined	O
with	O
playability	O
,	O
enabling	O
players	O
of	O
all	O
skill	O
levels	O
to	O
play	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Gran	B-Application
Turismo	I-Application
series	O
has	O
since	O
become	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
racing	O
franchises	O
ever	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
series	O
selling	O
more	O
than	O
50	O
million	O
copies	O
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Colin	B-Application
McRae	I-Application
Rally	I-Application
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
1998	B-Application
to	O
the	O
PC	B-Device
world	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
a	O
successful	O
semi-simulation	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
of	O
rally	O
driving	O
(	O
previously	O
only	O
available	O
in	O
Sega	O
's	O
less	O
serious	O
Sega	B-Application
Rally	I-Application
Championship	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Motorhead	B-Application
,	O
a	O
PC	B-Device
game	O
,	O
was	O
later	O
adapted	O
back	O
to	O
arcade	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1999	B-Application
marked	O
a	O
change	O
of	O
games	O
into	O
more	O
"	O
free	O
form	O
"	O
worlds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Midtown	B-Application
Madness	I-Application
allows	O
the	O
player	O
to	O
explore	O
a	O
simplified	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Chicago	O
using	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
vehicles	O
and	O
any	O
path	O
that	O
they	O
desire	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
arcade	O
world	O
,	O
Sega	O
introduced	O
Crazy	B-Application
Taxi	I-Application
,	O
where	O
players	O
assume	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
a	O
taxi	O
driver	O
that	O
needs	O
to	O
get	O
clients	O
to	O
their	O
destination	O
in	O
the	O
shortest	O
amount	O
of	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
similar	O
game	O
also	O
from	O
Sega	O
is	O
Emergency	B-Application
Call	I-Application
Ambulance	I-Application
,	O
with	O
almost	O
the	O
same	O
gameplay	O
(	O
pick	O
up	O
patient	O
,	O
drop	O
off	O
at	O
hospital	O
,	O
as	O
fast	O
as	O
possible	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1990	B-Application
would	O
see	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Crystalis	B-Application
for	O
the	O
Nintendo	O
Entertainment	O
System	O
and	O
also	O
Golden	B-Application
Axe	I-Application
Warrior	I-Application
for	O
the	O
Master	O
System	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
games	O
featured	O
Zelda-like	O
gameplay	O
blended	O
with	O
genuine	O
RPG	O
elements	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
experience	O
points	O
,	O
statistics-based	O
equipment	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
magic-casting	B-Application
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1991	B-Application
,	O
Square	O
released	O
Seiken	B-Application
Densetsu	I-Application
for	O
the	O
Game	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Final	B-Application
Fantasy	I-Application
Adventure	I-Application
in	O
the	O
West	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
Crystalis	B-Application
,	O
the	O
action	B-Application
in	O
Seiken	B-Application
Densetsu	I-Application
bore	O
a	O
strong	O
resemblance	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
Zelda	B-Application
,	O
but	O
added	O
more	O
RPG	O
elements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Seiken	B-Application
Densetsu	I-Application
2	I-Application
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Secret	B-Application
of	I-Application
Mana	I-Application
,	O
implemented	O
an	O
innovative	O
multiplayer	O
function	O
,	O
and	O
further	O
developed	O
its	O
combat	O
with	O
more	O
diverse	O
weaponry	O
and	O
spell-casting	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unique	O
among	O
video	O
games	O
are	O
Capcom	O
's	O
Dungeons	B-Application
&	I-Application
Dragons	I-Application
:	I-Application
Tower	I-Application
of	I-Application
Doom	I-Application
(	O
1993	B-Application
)	O
and	O
Dungeons	B-Application
&	I-Application
Dragons	I-Application
:	I-Application
Shadow	I-Application
over	I-Application
Mystara	I-Application
(	O
1996	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
games	O
were	O
released	O
for	O
the	O
arcades	O
,	O
and	O
featured	O
a	O
blending	O
of	O
beat	B-Application
'	I-Application
em	I-Application
up	I-Application
and	O
RPG	O
characteristics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
games	O
were	O
later	O
released	O
for	O
the	O
Sega	B-Device
Saturn	I-Device
together	O
as	O
the	O
Dungeons	O
&	O
Dragons	O
Collection	O
(	O
1999	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
later	O
beat	B-Application
'	I-Application
em	I-Application
ups	I-Application
followed	O
this	O
same	O
formula	O
,	O
including	O
Guardian	B-Application
Heroes	I-Application
,	O
Castle	B-Application
Crashers	I-Application
and	O
Dungeon	B-Protocol
&	I-Protocol
Fighter	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Japan	O
on	O
Super	B-Application
Famicom	I-Application
,	O
Tales	B-Application
of	I-Application
Phantasia	I-Application
was	O
released	O
in	O
Japan	O
in	O
1995	B-Application
,	O
featuring	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
side-scrolling	O
combat	O
mode	O
and	O
an	O
exploration	O
mode	O
similar	O
to	O
classic	O
console	O
RPGs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1996	B-Application
,	O
Star	B-Application
Ocean	I-Application
was	O
released	O
that	O
also	O
has	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
combat	O
and	O
classic	O
exploration	O
but	O
features	O
bird	O
's	O
eye	O
view	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Namco	O
and	O
Enix	O
did	O
not	O
publish	O
these	O
two	O
revolutionary	O
titles	O
in	O
America	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
sequels	O
in	O
the	O
two	O
series	O
would	O
become	O
wildly	O
popular	O
on	O
future	O
generations	O
of	O
consoles	B-Device
in	O
the	O
US	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fifth	B-Application
generation	I-Application
era	I-Application
saw	O
several	O
popular	O
action	B-Application
RPGs	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Tales	B-Application
of	I-Application
Eternia	I-Application
,	O
Brave	B-Application
Fencer	I-Application
Musashi	I-Application
and	O
Legend	B-Application
of	I-Application
Oasis	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1996	B-Application
Nintendo	O
released	O
Super	B-Application
Mario	I-Application
RPG	I-Application
,	O
for	O
the	O
SNES	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Super	B-Application
Mario	I-Application
RPG	I-Application
was	O
the	O
first	O
role	O
playing	O
game	O
in	O
the	O
series	O
and	O
it	O
launched	O
to	O
critical	O
acclaim	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
the	O
long-standing	O
Ultima	O
series	O
of	O
action	B-Application
RPGs	O
continued	O
to	O
see	O
releases	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
3D	O
action	B-Application
RPG	O
franchise	O
The	B-Application
Elder	I-Application
Scrolls	I-Application
,	O
which	O
would	O
provide	O
several	O
major	O
entries	O
to	O
the	O
genre	O
in	O
the	O
2000	O
's	O
,	O
saw	O
its	O
first	O
releases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
rogue-like	O
genre	O
lost	O
much	O
of	O
its	O
relevance	O
,	O
with	O
only	O
Diablo	B-Application
,	O
which	O
implemented	O
the	O
idea	O
in	O
a	O
simplified	O
and	O
more	O
forgiving	O
way	O
,	O
achieving	O
mainstream	O
success	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Japanese	O
video	O
game	O
company	O
From	O
Software	O
released	O
several	O
entries	O
to	O
the	O
King	B-Application
's	I-Application
Field	I-Application
series	O
,	O
which	O
received	O
mixed	O
reviews	O
and	O
little	O
attention	O
both	O
in	O
the	O
90	O
's	O
and	O
later	O
,	O
but	O
whose	O
elements	O
would	O
later	O
be	O
recycled	O
in	O
the	O
genre-defining	O
Dark	B-Application
Souls	I-Application
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
that	O
the	O
console	O
role-playing	O
video	O
game	O
genre	O
distinguished	O
itself	O
greatly	O
from	O
computer	O
RPGs	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
Final	B-Application
Fantasy	I-Application
series	O
playing	O
an	O
instrumental	O
role	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Final	B-Application
Fantasy	I-Application
III	I-Application
introduced	O
the	O
"	O
job	O
system	O
"	O
,	O
a	O
character	O
progression	O
engine	O
allowing	O
the	O
player	O
to	O
change	O
a	O
character	O
's	O
class	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
acquire	O
new	O
and	O
advanced	O
classes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Final	B-Application
Fantasy	I-Application
IV	I-Application
(	O
1991	B-Application
)	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
role-playing	O
games	O
to	O
feature	O
a	O
complex	O
,	O
involving	O
plot	O
,	O
placing	O
a	O
much	O
greater	O
emphasis	O
on	O
character	O
development	O
and	O
pioneering	O
"	O
the	O
whole	O
concept	O
of	O
dramatic	O
storytelling	O
in	O
an	O
RPG.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Square	O
Co.	O
,	O
Ltd	O
.	O
filed	O
a	O
United	O
States	O
patent	O
application	O
for	O
the	O
ATB	O
system	O
on	O
March	O
16	O
,	O
1992	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
title	O
"	O
Video	O
game	O
apparatus	O
,	O
method	O
and	O
device	O
for	O
controlling	O
same	O
"	O
and	O
was	O
awarded	O
the	O
patent	O
on	O
February	O
21	O
,	O
1995	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
the	O
"	O
job	O
system	O
"	O
and	O
the	O
ATB	O
system	O
were	O
fully	O
developed	O
in	O
Final	B-Application
Fantasy	I-Application
V	I-Application
(	O
1992	O
)	O
and	O
continued	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
later	O
Final	B-Application
Fantasy	I-Application
games	I-Application
as	O
well	O
as	O
other	O
Square	O
games	O
such	O
as	O
Chrono	B-Application
Trigger	I-Application
(	O
1995	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Final	B-Application
Fantasy	I-Application
VI	I-Application
(	O
1994	B-Application
)	O
and	O
the	O
Megami	B-Application
Tensei	I-Application
series	O
were	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
RPGs	O
to	O
move	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
typical	O
medieval	O
setting	O
,	O
with	O
Final	B-Application
Fantasy	I-Application
VI	I-Application
instead	O
being	O
set	O
in	O
a	O
steampunk	O
environment	O
and	O
the	O
Megami	B-Application
Tensei	I-Application
games	O
set	O
in	O
modern-day	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
next	O
major	O
revolution	O
came	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
,	O
which	O
saw	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
optical	B-Device
disks	I-Device
in	O
fifth	B-Application
generation	I-Application
consoles	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
implications	O
for	O
RPGs	O
were	O
enormous	O
—	O
longer	O
,	O
more	O
involved	O
quests	O
,	O
better	O
audio	O
,	O
and	O
full-motion	B-Application
video	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
first	O
clearly	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
Final	B-Application
Fantasy	I-Application
VII	I-Application
(	O
1997	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
explosion	O
of	O
Final	B-Application
Fantasy	I-Application
VII	I-Application
sales	O
and	O
the	O
ascendance	O
of	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
were	O
proof	O
of	O
this	O
and	O
represented	O
the	O
dawning	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
era	O
of	O
RPGs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Backed	O
by	O
a	O
clever	O
marketing	O
campaign	O
,	O
Final	B-Application
Fantasy	I-Application
VII	I-Application
brought	O
the	O
first	O
taste	O
of	O
CRPGs	O
to	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
gamers	O
brought	O
in	O
by	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
gaming	O
console	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1997	B-Application
,	O
a	O
new	O
Internet	O
fad	O
began	O
,	O
influenced	O
by	O
the	O
popularization	O
of	O
console	O
RPGs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
large	O
group	O
of	O
young	O
programmers	B-Application
and	O
aficionados	O
began	O
creating	O
and	O
sharing	O
independent	O
CRPG	O
games	O
,	O
emulating	O
the	O
gameplay	O
and	O
style	O
of	O
the	O
older	O
Super	B-Application
NES	I-Application
and	O
Genesis	B-Operating_System
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
majority	O
of	O
such	O
games	O
owe	O
their	O
achievement	O
to	O
simplistic	O
software	B-Application
development	I-Application
kits	I-Application
such	O
as	O
the	O
Japanese	O
RPG	B-Application
Maker	I-Application
series	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
final	O
years	O
of	O
the	O
90	O
's	O
,	O
US	O
companies	O
Interplay	O
(	O
through	O
developer	B-Application
Black	O
Isle	O
Studios	O
)	O
and	O
Bioware	O
published	O
several	O
roleplaying	O
games	O
with	O
similar	O
gameplay	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
considered	O
milestone	O
classics	O
of	O
the	O
genre	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Planescape	B-Application
:	I-Application
Torment	I-Application
and	O
Baldur	B-Application
's	I-Application
Gate	I-Application
were	O
games	O
with	O
a	O
Dungeons	O
&	O
Dragons	O
license	O
,	O
while	O
Interplay	O
's	O
Fallout	B-Application
was	O
an	O
unofficial	O
successor	O
to	O
Wasteland	B-Application
from	O
the	O
80	O
's	O
,	O
and	O
would	O
be	O
rebooted	O
10	O
years	O
later	O
to	O
new	O
critical	O
acclaim	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1989	B-Application
and	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
saw	O
the	O
release	O
and	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
MUD	B-Application
codebases	O
DikuMUD	B-Application
and	O
LPMud	B-Application
,	O
leading	O
to	O
a	O
tremendous	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
proliferation	O
and	O
popularity	O
of	O
MUDs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
decade	O
,	O
the	O
evolution	O
of	O
the	O
genre	O
continued	O
through	O
"	O
graphical	O
MUDs	B-Application
"	O
into	O
the	O
first	O
massively	B-Protocol
multiplayer	I-Protocol
online	I-Protocol
role-playing	I-Protocol
games	I-Protocol
(	O
MMORPGs	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
a	O
term	O
coined	O
by	O
Richard	O
Garriott	O
in	O
1997	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
genre	O
,	O
as	O
currently	O
defined	O
,	O
began	O
with	O
Meridian	B-Protocol
59	I-Protocol
in	O
1995	B-Application
,	O
but	O
first	O
truly	O
came	O
into	O
its	O
own	O
with	O
Ultima	B-Protocol
Online	I-Protocol
in	O
1997	B-Application
,	O
a	O
game	O
that	O
provided	O
a	O
core	O
idea	O
of	O
what	O
later	O
MMORPGs	B-Protocol
would	O
become	O
,	O
featuring	O
a	O
massive	O
continent	O
on	O
which	O
players	O
could	O
interact	O
with	O
others	O
from	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
fight	O
mythical	O
creatures	O
,	O
and	O
cast	O
spells	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
earlier	O
games	O
broke	O
ground	O
,	O
widespread	O
popularity	O
for	O
MMORPGs	B-Protocol
arrived	O
with	O
the	O
debut	O
of	O
EverQuest	B-Protocol
and	O
Asheron	B-Application
's	I-Application
Call	I-Application
in	O
1999	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
MMORPGs	B-Protocol
would	O
become	O
a	O
common	O
form	O
of	O
social	O
interaction	O
in	O
the	O
2000s	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1990	B-Application
,	O
Nintendo	O
released	O
and	O
published	O
the	O
first	O
tactical	O
RPG	O
,	O
Fire	B-Application
Emblem	I-Application
:	I-Application
Ankoku	I-Application
Ryū	I-Application
to	I-Application
Hikari	I-Application
no	I-Application
Tsurugi	I-Application
for	O
the	O
Family	O
Computer	O
(	O
or	O
Famicom	O
)	O
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
co-developed	O
with	O
Intelligent	O
Systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Released	O
in	O
Japan	O
in	O
1990	B-Application
,	O
Fire	B-Application
Emblem	I-Application
was	O
an	O
archetype	O
for	O
the	O
whole	O
genre	O
,	O
establishing	O
gameplay	O
elements	O
that	O
are	O
still	O
used	O
in	O
tactical	O
CRPGs	O
today	O
(	O
although	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
elements	O
were	O
influenced	O
by	O
Ultima	O
III	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Combining	O
the	O
basic	O
console	O
RPG	O
concepts	O
from	O
games	O
like	O
Dragon	B-Application
Quest	I-Application
and	O
simple	O
turn-based	O
strategy	B-Application
elements	O
,	O
Nintendo	O
created	O
a	O
hit	O
,	O
which	O
spawned	O
many	O
sequels	O
and	O
imitators	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Among	O
the	O
first	O
imitators	O
was	O
Langrisser	B-Application
by	O
NCS/Masaya	O
,	O
first	O
released	O
for	O
the	O
Mega	B-Operating_System
Drive	I-Operating_System
in	O
1991	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
localized	O
for	O
North	O
American	O
release	O
under	O
the	O
title	O
Warsong	B-Application
,	O
with	O
a	O
few	O
graphical	O
alterations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Langrisser	B-Application
series	O
differed	O
from	O
Fire	B-Application
Emblem	I-Application
in	O
that	O
it	O
used	O
a	O
general-soldier	O
structure	O
instead	O
of	O
controlling	O
main	O
characters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Master	B-Application
of	I-Application
Monsters	I-Application
was	O
a	O
unique	O
title	O
by	O
SystemSoft	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Where	O
Langrisser	B-Application
and	O
Fire	B-Application
Emblem	I-Application
used	O
a	O
square-based	O
grid	O
,	O
Master	B-Application
of	I-Application
Monsters	I-Application
used	O
a	O
hexagonal	O
grid	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
game	O
in	O
the	O
long-running	O
Super	B-Application
Robot	I-Application
Wars	I-Application
series	I-Application
is	O
another	O
early	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
genre	O
,	O
released	O
for	O
the	O
Game	B-Device
Boy	I-Device
in	O
1991	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
influential	O
early	O
tactical	O
RPG	O
was	O
Sega	O
's	O
Shining	B-Architecture
Force	I-Architecture
for	O
the	O
Genesis	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
1992	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shining	B-Architecture
Force	I-Architecture
used	O
even	O
more	O
console	O
RPG	O
elements	O
than	O
earlier	O
games	O
,	O
allowing	O
the	O
player	O
to	O
walk	O
around	O
towns	O
and	O
talk	O
to	O
people	O
and	O
buy	O
weapons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
game	O
released	O
solely	O
in	O
Japan	O
for	O
the	O
Super	B-Application
Famicom	I-Application
(	O
SFC	O
)	O
,	O
Bahamut	B-Application
Lagoon	I-Application
,	O
began	O
Square	O
's	O
(	O
now	O
Square	O
Enix	O
)	O
famous	O
line	O
of	O
tactical	O
RPGs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ogre	B-Application
Battle	I-Application
:	I-Application
The	I-Application
March	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Black	I-Application
Queen	I-Application
was	O
released	O
for	O
the	O
Super	B-Application
NES	I-Application
and	O
is	O
more	O
of	O
a	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
strategy	B-Application
game	I-Application
in	O
which	O
the	O
player	O
forms	O
role-playing	O
video	O
game-like	O
character	O
parties	O
that	O
are	O
moved	O
around	O
a	O
map	O
in	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
later	O
release	O
,	O
Tactics	B-Application
Ogre	I-Application
:	I-Application
Let	I-Application
Us	I-Application
Cling	I-Application
Together	I-Application
,	O
was	O
originally	O
a	O
SNES	B-Application
game	O
that	O
was	O
later	O
ported	O
to	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tactics	B-Application
Ogre	I-Application
is	O
a	O
much	O
more	O
direct	O
influence	O
on	O
the	O
sort	O
of	O
tactical	O
RPGs	O
that	O
gamers	O
recognize	O
today	O
such	O
as	O
Final	B-Application
Fantasy	I-Application
Tactics	I-Application
and	O
Disgaea	B-Application
:	I-Application
Hour	I-Application
of	I-Application
Darkness	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hideo	O
Kojima	O
's	O
Metal	B-Application
Gear	I-Application
2	I-Application
:	I-Application
Solid	I-Application
Snake	I-Application
was	O
released	O
in	O
1990	B-Application
for	O
the	O
MSX2	O
and	O
was	O
a	O
major	O
improvement	O
over	O
its	O
predecessor	O
,	O
Metal	B-Application
Gear	I-Application
(	O
1987	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Metal	B-Application
Gear	I-Application
2	I-Application
:	I-Application
Solid	I-Application
Snake	I-Application
improved	O
on	O
the	O
first	O
game	O
in	O
many	O
ways	O
,	O
including	O
improved	O
graphics	O
,	O
more	O
player	O
abilities	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
crouching	O
,	O
crawling	O
into	O
hiding	O
spots	O
,	O
disguising	O
in	O
enemy	O
uniforms	O
and	O
cardboard	O
boxes	O
,	O
and	O
distracting	O
guards	O
by	O
knocking	O
on	O
surfaces	O
)	O
,	O
improved	O
enemy	O
AI	B-Application
(	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
greater	O
field	O
of	O
vision	O
,	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
detect	O
various	O
noises	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
three-level	O
security	O
alert	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
additions	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
radar	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
complex	O
storyline	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
alternative	O
Metal	B-Application
Gear	I-Application
sequel	O
named	O
Snake	B-Application
's	I-Application
Revenge	I-Application
was	O
released	O
for	O
the	O
Nintendo	O
Entertainment	O
System	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
and	O
Europe	O
instead	O
,	O
also	O
in	O
1990	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
1998	B-Application
is	O
seen	O
as	O
a	O
turning	O
point	O
in	O
gaming	O
history	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Metal	B-Application
Gear	I-Application
Solid	I-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Tenchu	B-Application
:	I-Application
Stealth	I-Application
Assassins	I-Application
and	O
Thief	B-Application
:	I-Application
The	I-Application
Dark	I-Application
Project	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ninja-themed	O
game	O
Tenchu	B-Application
:	I-Application
Stealth	I-Application
Assassins	I-Application
was	O
released	O
several	O
months	O
before	O
Metal	B-Application
Gear	I-Application
Solid	I-Application
,	O
making	O
it	O
the	O
first	O
3D	O
stealth	O
based-game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
highly	O
anticipated	O
Metal	B-Application
Gear	I-Application
Solid	I-Application
transformed	O
its	O
modestly	O
successful	O
franchise	O
into	O
a	O
large	O
mainstream	O
success	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
increased	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
console	I-Device
over	O
previous	O
platforms	O
allowed	O
for	O
greater	O
immersion	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
both	O
story	O
and	O
game	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Metal	B-Application
Gear	I-Application
Solid	I-Application
has	O
been	O
credited	O
with	O
popularizing	O
the	O
stealth	O
genre	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
elements	O
of	O
the	O
survival	O
horror	O
genre	O
can	O
be	O
traced	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
1989	B-Application
Capcom	O
game	O
Sweet	B-Application
Home	I-Application
,	O
which	O
served	O
as	O
a	O
major	O
influence	O
on	O
the	O
genre	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
1990s	O
that	O
survival	O
horror	O
was	O
established	O
as	O
a	O
genre	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
precursor	O
appeared	O
in	O
1992	O
when	O
Infogrames	O
released	O
Alone	B-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
Dark	I-Application
,	O
which	O
is	O
also	O
considered	O
a	O
forefather	O
of	O
the	O
genre	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Graphically	O
,	O
Alone	B-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
Dark	I-Application
utilized	O
static	O
prerendered	O
camera	O
views	O
that	O
were	O
cinematic	O
in	O
nature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
players	O
had	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
fight	O
monsters	O
as	O
in	O
action	B-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
players	O
also	O
had	O
the	O
option	O
to	O
evade	O
or	O
block	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
"	O
survival	O
horror	O
"	O
was	O
first	O
used	O
by	O
Capcom	O
to	O
market	O
their	O
1996	B-Application
release	O
,	O
Resident	B-Application
Evil	I-Application
,	O
thus	O
establishing	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
genre	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
was	O
influenced	O
by	O
Capcom	O
's	O
Sweet	B-Application
Home	I-Application
,	O
released	O
seven	O
years	O
earlier	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Resident	B-Application
Evil	I-Application
also	O
adopted	O
several	O
features	O
seen	O
in	O
Alone	B-Application
in	I-Application
the	I-Application
Dark	I-Application
,	O
including	O
puzzle-solving	O
challenges	O
and	O
fixed	O
cinematic	O
camera	O
angles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
control	O
scheme	O
in	O
Resident	B-Application
Evil	I-Application
also	O
became	O
a	O
staple	O
of	O
the	O
genre	O
,	O
and	O
future	O
titles	O
would	O
imitate	O
its	O
challenge	O
of	O
rationing	O
highly	O
limited	O
resources	O
and	O
items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
's	O
commercial	O
success	O
is	O
credited	O
with	O
helping	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
become	O
the	O
dominant	O
game	B-Device
console	I-Device
,	O
and	O
also	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
Resident	B-Application
Evil	I-Application
films	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
games	O
have	O
tried	O
to	O
replicate	O
the	O
successful	O
formula	O
seen	O
in	O
Resident	B-Application
Evil	I-Application
,	O
and	O
every	O
subsequent	O
survival	O
horror	O
game	O
has	O
arguably	O
taken	O
a	O
stance	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Silent	B-Application
Hill	I-Application
(	O
1999	B-Application
)	O
drew	O
heavily	O
from	O
Resident	B-Application
Evil	I-Application
while	O
using	O
realtime	O
3D	O
environments	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
Resident	B-Application
Evil	I-Application
pre-rendered	O
graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
Silent	B-Application
Hill	I-Application
is	O
considered	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
scariest	O
games	O
of	O
all	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Highest-grossing	O
arcade	O
games	O
of	O
the	O
1990s	O
Year	O
Market	O
Title	O
Developer	B-Application
Manufacturer	O
Genre	O
Revenue	O
Inflation	O
1990	B-Application
Japan	O
Final	B-Application
Fight	I-Application
Capcom	O
Capcom	O
Beat	B-Application
'	I-Application
em	I-Application
up	I-Application
alternate	O
urlUnited	O
States	O
Teenage	B-Application
Mutant	I-Application
Ninja	I-Application
Turtles	I-Application
Konami	O
Konami	O
Beat	B-Application
'	I-Application
em	I-Application
up	I-Application
1991	B-Application
Worldwide	O
Street	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
II	I-Application
:	I-Application
The	I-Application
World	I-Application
Warrior	I-Application
Capcom	O
Capcom	O
Fighting	O
rowspan	O
=	O
"	O
2	O
"	O
rowspan	O
=	O
"	O
2	O
"	O
1992	O
1993	B-Application
Worldwide	O
Street	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
II	I-Application
Capcom	O
Capcom	O
Fighting	O
1994	B-Application
Japan	O
Super	B-Application
Street	I-Application
Fighter	I-Application
II	I-Application
X	I-Application
:	I-Application
Grand	I-Application
Master	I-Application
Challenge	I-Application
Capcom	O
Capcom	O
Fighting	O
alternate	O
url	O
Virtua	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
Sega	O
AM2	O
Sega	O
Fighting	O
United	O
States	O
Daytona	B-Application
USA	I-Application
Sega	O
AM2	O
Sega	O
Racing	O
rowspan	O
=	O
"	O
2	O
"	O
rowspan	O
=	O
"	O
2	O
"	O
Mortal	B-Application
Kombat	I-Application
II	I-Application
Midway	O
Midway	O
Fighting	O
1995	B-Application
Japan	O
Virtua	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
2	I-Application
Sega	O
AM2	O
Sega	O
Fighting	O
alternate	O
url	O
United	O
States	O
Daytona	B-Application
USA	I-Application
Sega	O
AM2	O
Sega	O
Racing	O
rowspan	O
="3	O
"	O
rowspan	O
="3	O
"	O
Neo	B-Application
Geo	I-Application
MVS	I-Application
SNK	O
SNK	O
System	O
Mortal	B-Application
Kombat	I-Application
3	I-Application
Midway	O
Midway	O
Fighting	O
1996	B-Application
Japan	O
Street	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
Zero	I-Application
2	I-Application
(	O
Street	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
Alpha	I-Application
2	I-Application
)	O
Capcom	O
Capcom	O
Fighting	O
alternate	O
url	O
Virtua	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
2	I-Application
/	O
2.1	O
Sega	O
AM2	O
Sega	O
Fighting	O
1997	B-Application
Japan	O
Virtua	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
3	I-Application
Sega	O
AM2	O
Sega	O
Fighting	O
alternate	O
url	O
Print	O
Club	O
2	O
Atlus	O
Sega	O
Purikura	O
1998	B-Application
Japan	O
Tekken	B-Application
3	I-Application
Namco	O
Namco	O
Fighting	O
alternate	O
url	O
1999	B-Application
Japan	O
Virtua	B-Application
Striker	I-Application
2	I-Application
ver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
table	O
lists	O
home	B-Device
video	O
games	O
of	O
the	O
1990s	O
that	O
sold	O
at	O
least	O
5	O
million	O
copies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
Nintendo	O
released	O
their	O
earliest	O
Mario	B-Application
Party	I-Application
in	O
which	O
players	O
competed	O
against	O
each	O
other	O
to	O
win	O
minigames	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fighting	O
games	O
like	O
Capcom	O
's	O
Street	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
II	I-Application
,	O
Sega	O
's	O
futuristic	O
Virtua	B-Application
Fighter	I-Application
and	O
the	O
more	O
violent	O
Mortal	B-Application
Kombat	I-Application
from	O
Acclaim	O
prompted	O
the	O
video	O
game	O
industry	O
to	O
adopt	O
a	O
game	O
rating	O
system	O
,	O
and	O
hundreds	O
of	O
knock-offs	O
were	O
widely	O
popular	O
in	O
the	O
mid-to-late	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
strategy	B-Application
(	O
RTS	O
)	O
genre	O
is	O
introduced	O
in	O
1992	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Dune	B-Application
II	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Warcraft	B-Application
:	I-Application
Orcs	I-Application
&	I-Application
Humans	I-Application
(	O
1994	B-Application
)	O
popularizes	O
the	O
genre	O
,	O
with	O
Command	B-Application
&	I-Application
Conquer	I-Application
and	O
Warcraft	B-Application
II	I-Application
:	I-Application
Tides	I-Application
of	I-Application
Darkness	I-Application
in	O
1995	B-Application
sets	O
up	O
the	O
first	O
major	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
strategy	B-Application
competition	O
and	O
popularizes	O
multiplayer	O
capabilities	O
in	O
RTS	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
StarCraft	B-Application
in	O
1998	B-Application
becomes	O
the	O
second	O
best-selling	O
computer	O
game	O
of	O
all	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Homeworld	B-Application
in	O
1999	B-Application
becomes	O
the	O
first	O
successful	O
3d	O
RTS	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
rise	O
of	O
the	O
RTS	O
genre	O
is	O
often	O
credited	O
with	O
the	O
fall	O
of	O
the	O
turn-based	O
strategy	B-Application
(	O
TBS	O
)	O
genre	O
,	O
popularized	O
with	O
Civilization	B-Application
in	O
1991	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Civilization	B-Application
franchise	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
TBS	O
franchise	O
that	O
remains	O
popular	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Final	B-Application
Fantasy	I-Application
debuted	O
(	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
)	O
in	O
1990	B-Application
for	O
the	O
NES	B-Language
,	O
and	O
remains	O
among	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
video	O
game	O
franchises	O
,	O
with	O
numerous	O
sequels	O
,	O
spin-offs	O
,	O
movies	O
and	O
related	O
titles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Final	B-Application
Fantasy	I-Application
VII	I-Application
,	O
released	O
in	O
1997	B-Application
,	O
especially	O
popularized	O
the	O
series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pokémon	B-Application
entered	O
the	O
world	O
scene	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Pokémon	B-Application
Red	I-Application
and	I-Application
Green	I-Application
on	O
the	O
original	B-Device
Game	I-Device
Boy	I-Device
in	O
Japan	O
in	O
1996	B-Application
,	O
later	O
released	O
as	O
Pokémon	B-Application
Red	I-Application
and	I-Application
Blue	I-Application
for	O
their	O
worldwide	O
release	O
in	O
1998	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
soon	O
became	O
popular	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
adapted	O
into	O
an	O
anime	O
series	O
and	O
trading	B-Application
card	I-Application
game	I-Application
,	O
among	O
other	O
media	O
forms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sonic	B-Application
Adventure	I-Application
was	O
a	O
launch	O
title	O
for	O
the	B-Operating_System
Dreamcast	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
featured	O
realistic	O
graphics	O
,	O
6	O
stories	O
and	O
fast	O
gameplay	O
;	O
this	O
became	O
the	O
best-selling	O
Dreamcast	B-Operating_System
game	O
,	O
selling	O
2.5	O
million	O
units	O
.	O
</s>
