<s>
1.1.1.1	B-Protocol
is	O
a	O
free	O
Domain	B-Protocol
Name	I-Protocol
System	I-Protocol
(	O
DNS	B-Protocol
)	O
service	O
by	O
the	O
American	O
company	O
Cloudflare	B-Application
in	O
partnership	O
with	O
APNIC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
November	O
11	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
Cloudflare	B-Application
announced	O
a	O
mobile	O
application	O
of	O
their	O
1.1.1.1	B-Protocol
service	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
25	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
Cloudflare	B-Application
released	O
WARP	O
,	O
an	O
upgraded	O
version	O
of	O
their	O
original	O
1.1.1.1	B-Protocol
mobile	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
1.1.1.1	B-Protocol
DNS	B-Protocol
service	O
operates	O
recursive	O
name	O
servers	O
for	O
public	O
use	O
at	O
the	O
twelve	O
IP	B-Protocol
addresses	I-Protocol
listed	O
below	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
addresses	O
are	O
mapped	O
to	O
the	O
nearest	O
operational	O
server	O
by	O
anycast	B-Protocol
routing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DNS	B-Protocol
service	O
is	O
also	O
available	O
for	O
Tor	B-Application
clients	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
can	O
set	O
up	O
the	O
service	O
by	O
manually	O
changing	O
their	O
DNS	B-Protocol
resolvers	O
to	O
the	O
IP	B-Protocol
addresses	I-Protocol
below	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mobile	O
users	O
on	O
both	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iPhone	O
have	O
the	O
alternative	O
of	O
downloading	O
the	O
1.1.1.1	B-Protocol
mobile	O
application	O
,	O
which	O
automatically	O
configures	O
the	O
DNS	B-Protocol
resolvers	O
on	O
the	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1.1.1.1	B-Protocol
1.1.1.1	B-Protocol
for	O
Families	O
Filters	O
domains	O
rowspan	O
=	O
"	O
2	O
"	O
!	O
</s>
<s>
Passes	O
ECS	B-Protocol
colspan	O
=	O
"	O
2	O
"	O
!	O
</s>
<s>
1.1.1.1	B-Protocol
is	O
a	O
recursive	O
DNS	B-Protocol
resolver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cloudflare	B-Application
runs	O
an	O
authoritative	O
DNS	B-Protocol
resolver	O
with	O
a	O
network	O
of	O
over	O
20	O
million	O
Internet	O
properties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
recursor	O
and	O
the	O
resolver	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
network	O
,	O
some	O
DNS	B-Protocol
queries	I-Protocol
can	O
be	O
answered	O
directly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
1.1.1.1	B-Protocol
mobile	O
application	O
in	O
November	O
2018	O
,	O
Cloudflare	B-Application
added	O
the	O
ability	O
for	O
users	O
to	O
encrypt	O
their	O
DNS	B-Protocol
queries	I-Protocol
over	O
HTTPS	B-Protocol
(	O
DoH	B-Protocol
)	O
or	O
TLS	B-Protocol
(	O
DoT	B-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
on	O
,	O
a	O
VPN	O
tunnel	O
was	O
implemented	O
based	O
on	O
Cloudflare	B-Application
's	O
own	O
BoringTun	O
,	O
a	O
user	B-Operating_System
space	I-Operating_System
implementation	O
of	O
WireGuard	B-Application
written	O
in	O
Rust	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Technology	O
websites	O
noted	O
that	O
by	O
using	O
as	O
the	O
IP	B-Protocol
address	I-Protocol
for	O
its	O
service	O
,	O
Cloudflare	B-Application
exposed	O
misconfigurations	O
in	O
existing	O
setups	O
that	O
violated	O
Internet	O
standards	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
RFC1918	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
was	O
not	O
a	O
reserved	B-Protocol
IP	I-Protocol
address	I-Protocol
,	O
yet	O
was	O
abused	O
by	O
many	O
existing	O
routers	B-Protocol
(	O
mostly	O
those	O
sold	O
by	O
Cisco	O
Systems	O
)	O
and	O
companies	O
for	O
hosting	O
login	O
pages	O
to	O
private	O
networks	O
,	O
exit	O
pages	O
or	O
other	O
purposes	O
,	O
rendering	O
the	O
proper	O
routing	O
of	O
impossible	O
on	O
those	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
previous	O
uses	O
have	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
huge	O
influx	O
of	O
garbage	O
data	O
to	O
Cloudflare	B-Application
's	O
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
unassigned	O
IP	O
space	O
,	O
however	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
a	O
reserved	O
IP	O
space	O
for	O
private	O
use	O
(	O
called	O
a	O
reserved	B-Protocol
IP	I-Protocol
address	I-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2019	O
,	O
Cloudflare	B-Application
released	O
a	O
VPN	B-Application
service	I-Application
called	O
WARP	O
which	O
is	O
built	O
into	O
the	O
1.1.1.1	B-Protocol
app	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WARP	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
Cloudflare	B-Application
's	O
own	O
WireGuard	B-Application
implementation	O
written	O
in	O
Rust	B-Application
called	O
BoringTun	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
tunnels	O
the	O
connection	O
between	O
device	O
and	O
nearest	O
Cloudflare	B-Application
data	O
center	O
,	O
increasing	O
connection	O
speed	O
,	O
encrypting	O
data	O
and	O
DNS	B-Protocol
requests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Connection	O
speed	O
gain	O
is	O
achieved	O
by	O
converting	O
TCP	O
to	O
UDP	O
traffic	O
(	O
both	O
IPv4	B-Protocol
,	O
IPv6	B-Protocol
are	O
supported	O
)	O
,	O
DNS	B-Protocol
resolution	O
inside	O
Cloudflare	B-Application
's	O
network	O
,	O
direct	O
access	O
to	O
sites	O
which	O
are	O
using	O
Cloudflare	B-Application
's	O
infrastructure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moreover	O
user	O
's	O
real	O
IP-address	B-Protocol
will	O
be	O
revealed	O
to	O
Cloudflare	B-Application
's	O
CDN	O
clients	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
cannot	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
anonymity	O
measure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WARP+	O
routes	O
your	O
internet	O
traffic	O
into	O
less	O
congested	O
pathways	O
using	O
Cloudflare	B-Application
's	O
own	O
private	O
backbone	O
called	O
Argo	O
,	O
which	O
makes	O
it	O
much	O
faster	O
than	O
basic	O
WARP	O
.	O
</s>
