<s>
Microsoft	O
Excel	O
is	O
a	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
developed	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
iOS	B-Application
and	O
iPadOS	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
features	O
calculation	O
or	O
computation	O
capabilities	O
,	O
graphing	O
tools	O
,	O
pivot	B-Application
tables	I-Application
,	O
and	O
a	O
macro	O
programming	O
language	O
called	O
Visual	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
for	I-Language
Applications	I-Language
(	O
VBA	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Excel	O
forms	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
365	I-Operating_System
suite	O
of	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
Excel	O
has	O
the	O
basic	O
features	O
of	O
all	O
spreadsheets	B-Application
,	O
using	O
a	O
grid	O
of	O
cells	O
arranged	O
in	O
numbered	O
rows	O
and	O
letter-named	O
columns	O
to	O
organize	O
data	O
manipulations	O
like	O
arithmetic	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
display	O
data	O
as	O
line	O
graphs	B-Application
,	O
histograms	B-Algorithm
and	O
charts	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
a	O
very	O
limited	O
three-dimensional	O
graphical	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
allows	O
sectioning	O
of	O
data	O
to	O
view	O
its	O
dependencies	O
on	O
various	O
factors	O
for	O
different	O
perspectives	O
(	O
using	O
pivot	B-Application
tables	I-Application
and	O
the	O
scenario	O
manager	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
PivotTable	B-Application
is	O
a	O
tool	O
for	O
data	B-General_Concept
analysis	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
does	O
this	O
by	O
simplifying	O
large	O
data	O
sets	O
via	O
PivotTable	B-Application
fields	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
a	O
programming	O
aspect	O
,	O
Visual	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
for	I-Language
Applications	I-Language
,	O
allowing	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
employ	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
numerical	O
methods	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
for	O
solving	O
differential	O
equations	O
of	O
mathematical	O
physics	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
reporting	O
the	O
results	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
has	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
interactive	O
features	O
allowing	O
user	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
that	O
can	O
completely	O
hide	O
the	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
from	O
the	O
user	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
presents	O
itself	O
as	O
a	O
so-called	O
application	O
,	O
or	O
decision	O
support	O
system	O
(	O
DSS	O
)	O
,	O
via	O
a	O
custom-designed	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
stock	O
analyzer	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
general	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
design	O
tool	O
that	O
asks	O
the	O
user	O
questions	O
and	O
provides	O
answers	O
and	O
reports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
more	O
elaborate	O
realization	O
,	O
an	O
Excel	O
application	O
can	O
automatically	O
poll	O
external	O
databases	O
and	O
measuring	O
instruments	O
using	O
an	O
update	O
schedule	O
,	O
analyze	O
the	O
results	O
,	O
make	O
a	O
Word	B-Application
report	O
or	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
slide	O
show	O
,	O
and	O
e-mail	O
these	O
presentations	O
on	O
a	O
regular	O
basis	O
to	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
participants	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Of	O
the	O
484	O
current	O
functions	O
,	O
386	O
may	O
be	O
called	O
from	O
VBA	B-Language
as	O
methods	O
of	O
the	O
object	O
"	O
WorksheetFunction	O
"	O
and	O
44	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
names	O
as	O
VBA	B-Language
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
LAMBDA	O
,	O
Excel	O
will	O
become	O
Turing	B-Algorithm
complete	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Windows	B-Application
version	O
of	O
Excel	O
supports	O
programming	O
through	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Visual	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
for	I-Language
Applications	I-Language
(	O
VBA	B-Language
)	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
dialect	O
of	O
Visual	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programming	O
with	O
VBA	B-Language
allows	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
manipulation	O
that	O
is	O
awkward	O
or	O
impossible	O
with	O
standard	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
techniques	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programmers	O
may	O
write	O
code	O
directly	O
using	O
the	O
Visual	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
Editor	O
(	O
VBE	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
a	O
window	O
for	O
writing	O
code	O
,	O
debugging	O
code	O
,	O
and	O
code	O
module	O
organization	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	O
can	O
implement	O
numerical	O
methods	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
automating	O
tasks	O
such	O
as	O
formatting	O
or	O
data	O
organization	O
in	O
VBA	B-Language
and	O
guide	O
the	O
calculation	O
using	O
any	O
desired	O
intermediate	O
results	O
reported	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
VBA	B-Language
was	O
removed	O
from	O
Mac	O
Excel	B-Operating_System
2008	I-Operating_System
,	O
as	O
the	O
developers	O
did	O
not	O
believe	O
that	O
a	O
timely	O
release	O
would	O
allow	O
porting	O
the	O
VBA	B-Language
engine	O
natively	O
to	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	O
.	O
VBA	B-Language
was	O
restored	O
in	O
the	O
next	O
version	O
,	O
Mac	O
Excel	O
2011	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
build	O
lacks	O
support	O
for	O
ActiveX	B-Application
objects	I-Application
,	O
impacting	O
some	O
high	O
level	O
developer	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
common	O
and	O
easy	O
way	O
to	O
generate	O
VBA	B-Language
code	O
is	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
Macro	O
Recorder	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Macro	O
Recorder	O
records	O
actions	O
of	O
the	O
user	O
and	O
generates	O
VBA	B-Language
code	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
macro	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
VBA	B-Language
code	O
of	O
the	O
macro	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
edited	O
in	O
the	O
VBE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Certain	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
loop	O
functions	O
and	O
screen	O
prompt	O
by	O
their	O
own	O
properties	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
graphical	O
display	O
items	O
,	O
cannot	O
be	O
recorded	O
but	O
must	O
be	O
entered	O
into	O
the	O
VBA	B-Language
module	O
directly	O
by	O
the	O
programmer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VBA	B-Language
code	O
interacts	O
with	O
the	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
through	O
the	O
Excel	O
Object	O
Model	O
,	O
a	O
vocabulary	O
identifying	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
objects	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
supplied	O
functions	O
or	O
methods	O
that	O
enable	O
reading	O
and	O
writing	O
to	O
the	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
and	O
interaction	O
with	O
its	O
users	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
through	O
custom	O
toolbars	O
or	O
command	O
bars	O
and	O
message	O
boxes	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
User-created	O
VBA	B-Language
subroutines	O
execute	O
these	O
actions	O
and	O
operate	O
like	O
macros	O
generated	O
using	O
the	O
macro	O
recorder	O
,	O
but	O
are	O
more	O
flexible	O
and	O
efficient	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
its	O
first	O
version	O
Excel	O
supported	O
end-user	O
programming	O
of	O
macros	O
(	O
automation	O
of	O
repetitive	O
tasks	O
)	O
and	O
user-defined	B-Language
functions	I-Language
(	O
extension	O
of	O
Excel	O
's	O
built-in	O
function	O
library	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
versions	O
of	O
Excel	O
,	O
these	O
programs	O
were	O
written	O
in	O
a	O
macro	O
language	O
whose	O
statements	O
had	O
formula	O
syntax	O
and	O
resided	O
in	O
the	O
cells	O
of	O
special-purpose	O
macro	O
sheets	O
(	O
stored	O
with	O
file	O
extension	O
.XLM	O
in	O
Windows	B-Application
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Beginning	O
with	O
version	O
5.0	O
Excel	O
recorded	O
macros	O
in	O
VBA	B-Language
by	O
default	O
but	O
with	O
version	O
5.0	O
XLM	O
recording	O
was	O
still	O
allowed	O
as	O
an	O
option	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Excel	O
supports	O
charts	O
,	O
graphs	B-Application
,	O
or	O
histograms	B-Algorithm
generated	O
from	O
specified	O
groups	O
of	O
cells	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
supports	O
Pivot	B-Application
Charts	I-Application
that	O
allow	O
for	O
a	O
chart	O
to	O
be	O
linked	O
directly	O
to	O
a	O
Pivot	B-Application
table	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
the	O
chart	O
to	O
be	O
refreshed	O
with	O
the	O
Pivot	B-Application
Table	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additional	O
features	O
are	O
available	O
using	O
add-ins	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
Excel	O
up	O
until	O
2007	O
version	O
used	O
a	O
proprietary	B-Application
binary	O
file	O
format	O
called	O
Excel	O
Binary	O
File	O
Format	O
(	O
.XLS	O
)	O
as	O
its	O
primary	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Excel	O
2007	O
uses	O
Office	B-Operating_System
Open	I-Operating_System
XML	I-Operating_System
as	O
its	O
primary	O
file	O
format	O
,	O
an	O
XML-based	O
format	O
that	O
followed	O
after	O
a	O
previous	O
XML-based	O
format	O
called	O
"	O
XML	B-Protocol
Spreadsheet	B-Application
"	O
(	O
"	O
XMLSS	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
first	O
introduced	O
in	O
Excel	O
2002	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
supporting	O
and	O
encouraging	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
new	O
XML-based	O
formats	O
as	O
replacements	O
,	O
Excel	O
2007	O
remained	O
backwards-compatible	O
with	O
the	O
traditional	O
,	O
binary	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
most	O
versions	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
Excel	O
can	O
read	O
CSV	O
,	O
DBF	B-Application
,	O
SYLK	B-Operating_System
,	O
DIF	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
other	O
legacy	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenOffice.org	B-Application
has	O
created	O
documentation	O
of	O
the	O
Excel	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
epochs	O
of	O
the	O
format	O
exist	O
:	O
the	O
97-2003	O
OLE	B-Operating_System
format	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
older	O
stream	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XML	B-Protocol
Spreadsheet	B-Application
format	O
introduced	O
in	O
Excel	O
2002	O
is	O
a	O
simple	O
,	O
XML	B-Protocol
based	O
format	O
missing	O
some	O
more	O
advanced	O
features	O
like	O
storage	O
of	O
VBA	B-Language
macros	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
the	O
intended	O
file	O
extension	O
for	O
this	O
format	O
is	O
.xml	B-Protocol
,	O
the	O
program	O
also	O
correctly	O
handles	O
XML	B-Protocol
files	O
with	O
.xls	O
extension	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MySQL	B-Application
Query	O
Browser	B-Application
)	O
to	O
offer	O
"	O
export	O
to	O
Excel	O
"	O
capabilities	O
without	O
implementing	O
binary	O
file	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
example	O
will	O
be	O
correctly	O
opened	O
by	O
Excel	O
if	O
saved	O
either	O
as	O
Book1.xml	O
or	O
Book1.xls	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
Excel	O
2007	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
products	O
in	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
2007	I-Application
suite	O
,	O
introduced	O
new	O
file	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
of	O
these	O
(	O
.xlsx	B-Operating_System
)	O
is	O
defined	O
in	O
the	O
Office	B-Operating_System
Open	I-Operating_System
XML	I-Operating_System
(	O
OOXML	B-Operating_System
)	O
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
reality	O
,	O
a	O
ZIP	B-General_Concept
compressed	O
archive	O
with	O
a	O
directory	O
structure	O
of	O
XML	B-Protocol
text	O
documents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Saving	O
as	O
.xlsx	B-Operating_System
offers	O
file	O
size	O
reduction	O
over	O
.xlsExcel	O
Macro-enabled	O
WorkbookAs	O
Excel	O
Workbook	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
macro	O
support.Excel	O
Binary	O
WorkbookAs	O
Excel	O
Macro-enabled	O
Workbook	O
,	O
but	O
storing	O
information	O
in	O
binary	O
form	O
rather	O
than	O
XML	B-Protocol
documents	I-Protocol
for	O
opening	O
and	O
saving	O
documents	O
more	O
quickly	O
and	O
efficiently	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
replacement	O
for	O
the	O
old	O
.xlt	O
format.Excel	O
Add-inExcel	O
add-in	B-Application
to	O
add	O
extra	O
functionality	O
and	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FormatExtensionDescriptionSpreadsheetMain	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
format	O
which	O
holds	O
data	O
in	O
worksheets	O
,	O
charts	O
,	O
and	O
macrosAdd-in	O
(	O
VBA	B-Language
)	O
Adds	O
custom	O
functionality	O
;	O
written	O
in	O
VBAToolbarThe	O
file	O
extension	O
where	O
Microsoft	O
Excel	O
custom	O
toolbar	O
settings	O
are	O
stored.ChartA	O
chart	O
created	O
with	O
data	O
from	O
a	O
Microsoft	O
Excel	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
that	O
only	O
saves	O
the	O
chart	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
save	O
the	O
chart	O
and	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
save	O
as	O
.XLS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XLC	O
is	O
not	O
supported	O
in	O
Excel	O
2007	O
or	O
in	O
any	O
newer	O
versions	O
of	O
Excel.DialogUsed	O
in	O
older	O
versions	O
of	O
Excel.ArchiveA	O
backup	O
of	O
an	O
Excel	O
SpreadsheetAdd-in	O
(	O
DLL	O
)	O
Adds	O
custom	O
functionality	O
;	O
written	O
in	O
C++	B-Language
/C	O
,	O
Fortran	B-Application
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Application
applications	I-Application
such	O
as	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Access	I-Application
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Word	I-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Excel	O
can	O
communicate	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
and	O
use	O
each	O
other	O
's	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
common	O
are	O
Dynamic	B-Operating_System
Data	I-Operating_System
Exchange	I-Operating_System
:	O
although	O
strongly	O
deprecated	O
by	O
Microsoft	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
method	O
to	O
send	O
data	O
between	O
applications	O
running	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
with	O
official	O
MS	O
publications	O
referring	O
to	O
it	O
as	O
"	O
the	O
protocol	O
from	O
hell	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OLE	B-Operating_System
Object	I-Operating_System
Linking	O
and	O
Embedding	O
allows	O
a	O
Windows	B-Application
application	O
to	O
control	O
another	O
to	O
enable	O
it	O
to	O
format	O
or	O
calculate	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
may	O
take	O
on	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
"	O
embedding	O
"	O
where	O
an	O
application	O
uses	O
another	O
to	O
handle	O
a	O
task	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
more	O
suited	O
to	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
a	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
presentation	O
may	O
be	O
embedded	O
in	O
an	O
Excel	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
or	O
vice	O
versa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Excel	O
users	O
can	O
access	O
external	O
data	B-Operating_System
sources	I-Operating_System
via	O
Microsoft	O
Office	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
)	O
connections	O
built	O
with	O
the	O
Office	O
Data	O
Connection	O
file	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Excel	O
files	O
themselves	O
may	O
be	O
updated	O
using	O
a	O
Microsoft	O
supplied	O
ODBC	B-Application
driver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Excel	O
can	O
accept	O
data	O
in	O
real-time	O
through	O
several	O
programming	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
,	O
which	O
allow	O
it	O
to	O
communicate	O
with	O
many	O
data	B-Operating_System
sources	I-Operating_System
such	O
as	O
Bloomberg	O
and	O
Reuters	O
(	O
through	O
addins	B-Application
such	O
as	O
Power	B-Application
Plus	I-Application
Pro	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DDE	O
:	O
"	O
Dynamic	B-Operating_System
Data	I-Operating_System
Exchange	I-Operating_System
"	O
uses	O
the	O
message	O
passing	O
mechanism	O
in	O
Windows	B-Application
to	O
allow	O
data	O
to	O
flow	O
between	O
Excel	O
and	O
other	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Network	B-Operating_System
DDE	I-Operating_System
Extended	O
the	O
protocol	O
to	O
allow	O
spreadsheets	B-Application
on	O
different	O
computers	O
to	O
exchange	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
no	O
longer	O
supports	O
the	O
facility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alternatively	O
,	O
Microsoft	B-Device
Query	I-Device
provides	O
ODBC-based	B-Application
browsing	O
within	O
Microsoft	O
Excel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programmers	O
have	O
produced	O
APIs	B-Application
to	O
open	O
Excel	O
spreadsheets	B-Application
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
applications	O
and	O
environments	O
other	O
than	O
Microsoft	O
Excel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
include	O
opening	O
Excel	O
documents	O
on	O
the	O
web	O
using	O
either	O
ActiveX	B-Application
controls	I-Application
,	O
or	O
plugins	B-Application
like	O
the	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Apache	B-Language
POI	I-Language
opensource	B-License
project	O
provides	O
Java	B-Device
libraries	O
for	O
reading	O
and	O
writing	O
Excel	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
password-protected	O
documents	O
are	O
not	O
encrypted	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
data	B-Operating_System
sources	I-Operating_System
from	O
a	O
set	O
password	O
is	O
saved	O
in	O
a	O
document	O
's	O
header	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
regards	O
services	O
that	O
use	O
rainbow	B-Algorithm
tables	I-Algorithm
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
situation	O
changed	O
fundamentally	O
in	O
Excel	O
2007	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
modern	O
AES	B-Algorithm
algorithm	O
with	O
a	O
key	O
of	O
128	O
bits	O
started	O
being	O
used	O
for	O
decryption	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
50,000	O
-fold	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
hash	O
function	O
SHA1	B-Algorithm
reduced	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
brute-force	O
attacks	O
down	O
to	O
hundreds	O
of	O
passwords	O
per	O
second	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Excel	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
the	O
protection	O
by	O
the	O
default	O
was	O
increased	O
two	O
times	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
100,000	O
-fold	O
SHA1	B-Algorithm
to	O
convert	O
a	O
password	O
to	O
a	O
key	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Excel	O
Mobile	O
is	O
a	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
program	I-Application
that	O
can	O
edit	O
XLSX	B-Operating_System
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
edit	O
and	O
format	O
text	O
in	O
cells	O
,	O
calculate	O
formulas	O
,	O
search	O
within	O
the	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
,	O
sort	O
rows	O
and	O
columns	O
,	O
freeze	O
panes	O
,	O
filter	O
the	O
columns	O
,	O
add	O
comments	O
,	O
and	O
create	O
charts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
cannot	O
add	O
columns	O
or	O
rows	O
except	O
at	O
the	O
edge	O
of	O
the	O
document	O
,	O
rearrange	O
columns	O
or	O
rows	O
,	O
delete	O
rows	O
or	O
columns	O
,	O
or	O
add	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
tabs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
Excel	O
Mobile	O
became	O
available	O
for	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
and	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
Mobile	I-Operating_System
on	O
Windows	B-Application
Store	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Excel	O
for	O
the	O
web	O
is	O
a	O
free	O
lightweight	O
version	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
Excel	O
available	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
Office	O
on	O
the	O
web	O
,	O
which	O
also	O
includes	O
web	O
versions	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Word	I-Application
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
PowerPoint	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
Excel	O
Viewer	O
was	O
a	O
freeware	O
program	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
for	O
viewing	O
and	O
printing	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
documents	O
created	O
by	O
Excel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Excel	O
97	O
Viewer	O
was	O
supported	O
in	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
CE	I-Operating_System
for	O
Handheld	B-Operating_System
PCs	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
advises	O
to	O
view	O
and	O
print	O
Excel	O
files	O
for	O
free	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
Excel	O
Mobile	O
application	O
for	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
and	O
for	O
Windows	B-Device
7	I-Device
and	O
Windows	B-Application
8	I-Application
to	O
upload	O
the	O
file	O
to	O
OneDrive	B-Application
and	O
use	O
Excel	O
for	O
the	O
web	O
with	O
a	O
Microsoft	O
account	O
to	O
open	O
them	O
in	O
a	O
browser	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
issues	O
with	O
spreadsheets	B-Application
in	O
general	O
,	O
other	O
problems	O
specific	O
to	O
Excel	O
include	O
numeric	O
precision	O
,	O
misleading	O
statistics	O
functions	O
,	O
mod	O
function	O
errors	O
,	O
date	O
limitations	O
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
many	O
calculations	O
in	O
Excel	O
are	O
executed	O
using	O
VBA	B-Language
,	O
an	O
additional	O
issue	O
is	O
the	O
accuracy	O
of	O
VBA	B-Language
,	O
which	O
varies	O
with	O
variable	O
type	O
and	O
user-requested	O
precision	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
accuracy	O
and	O
convenience	O
of	O
statistical	O
tools	O
in	O
Excel	O
has	O
been	O
criticized	O
,	O
as	O
mishandling	O
missing	O
data	O
,	O
as	O
returning	O
incorrect	O
values	O
due	O
to	O
inept	O
handling	O
of	O
round-off	O
and	O
large	O
numbers	O
,	O
as	O
only	O
selectively	O
updating	O
calculations	O
on	O
a	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
when	O
some	O
cell	O
values	O
are	O
changed	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
having	O
a	O
limited	O
set	O
of	O
statistical	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
bug	O
originated	O
from	O
Lotus	B-Application
1-2-3	I-Application
(	O
deliberately	O
implemented	O
to	O
save	O
computer	O
memory	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
also	O
purposely	O
implemented	O
in	O
Excel	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
bug	B-General_Concept
compatibility	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
legacy	O
has	O
later	O
been	O
carried	O
over	O
into	O
Office	B-Operating_System
Open	I-Operating_System
XML	I-Operating_System
file	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
when	O
called	O
as	O
a	O
method	O
of	O
the	O
VBA	B-Language
object	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
in	O
VBA	B-Language
)	O
,	O
incorrectly	O
returns	O
"	O
false	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
originally	O
marketed	O
a	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
program	I-Application
called	O
Multiplan	B-Device
in	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multiplan	B-Device
became	O
very	O
popular	O
on	O
CP/M	B-Application
systems	O
,	O
but	O
on	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
systems	O
it	O
lost	O
popularity	O
to	O
Lotus	B-Application
1-2-3	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
released	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
Excel	O
for	O
the	O
Macintosh	O
on	O
September	O
30	O
,	O
1985	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
Windows	B-Application
version	O
was	O
2.05	O
(	O
to	O
synchronize	O
with	O
the	O
Macintosh	O
version	O
2.2	O
)	O
on	O
November	O
19	O
,	O
1987	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lotus	O
was	O
slow	O
to	O
bring	O
1-2-3	O
to	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
by	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
,	O
Excel	O
had	O
started	O
to	O
outsell	O
1-2-3	O
and	O
helped	O
Microsoft	O
achieve	O
its	O
position	O
as	O
a	O
leading	O
PC	O
software	O
developer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
accomplishment	O
solidified	O
Microsoft	O
as	O
a	O
valid	O
competitor	O
and	O
showed	O
its	O
future	O
of	O
developing	O
GUI	B-Application
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
Windows	B-Application
version	O
was	O
labeled	O
"	O
2	O
"	O
to	O
correspond	O
to	O
the	O
Mac	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
included	O
a	O
run-time	O
version	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
BYTE	B-Application
in	O
1989	O
listed	O
Excel	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
as	O
among	O
the	O
"	O
Distinction	O
"	O
winners	O
of	O
the	O
BYTE	B-Application
Awards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
magazine	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
port	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
extraordinary	O
"	O
Macintosh	O
version	O
"	O
shines	O
"	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
as	O
good	O
as	O
or	O
better	O
than	O
the	O
original	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Included	O
toolbars	O
,	O
drawing	O
capabilities	O
,	O
outlining	O
,	O
add-in	B-Application
support	O
,	O
3D	O
charts	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
more	O
new	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
an	O
easter	O
egg	O
in	O
Excel	O
4.0	O
reveals	O
a	O
hidden	O
animation	O
of	O
a	O
dancing	O
set	O
of	O
numbers	O
1	O
through	O
3	O
,	O
representing	O
Lotus	B-Application
1-2-3	I-Application
,	O
which	O
is	O
then	O
crushed	O
by	O
an	O
Excel	O
logo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
version	O
5.0	O
,	O
Excel	O
has	O
included	O
Visual	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
for	I-Language
Applications	I-Language
(	O
VBA	B-Language
)	O
,	O
a	O
programming	O
language	O
based	O
on	O
Visual	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
which	O
adds	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
automate	O
tasks	O
in	O
Excel	O
and	O
to	O
provide	O
user-defined	B-Language
functions	I-Language
(	O
UDF	O
)	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
worksheets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VBA	B-Language
includes	O
a	O
fully	O
featured	O
integrated	B-Application
development	I-Application
environment	I-Application
(	O
IDE	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Macro	O
recording	O
can	O
produce	O
VBA	B-Language
code	O
replicating	O
user	O
actions	O
,	O
thus	O
allowing	O
simple	O
automation	O
of	O
regular	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VBA	B-Language
allows	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
forms	O
and	O
in‑worksheet	O
controls	O
to	O
communicate	O
with	O
the	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
language	O
supports	O
use	O
(	O
but	O
not	O
creation	O
)	O
of	O
ActiveX	B-Application
(	O
COM	B-Application
)	O
DLL	O
's	O
;	O
later	O
versions	O
add	O
support	O
for	O
class	O
modules	O
allowing	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
basic	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
techniques	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
automation	O
functionality	O
provided	O
by	O
VBA	B-Language
made	O
Excel	O
a	O
target	O
for	O
macro	B-Application
viruses	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versions	O
5.0	O
to	O
9.0	O
of	O
Excel	O
contain	O
various	O
Easter	O
eggs	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
"	O
Hall	O
of	O
Tortured	O
Souls	O
"	O
,	O
a	O
Doom-like	O
minigame	O
,	O
although	O
since	O
version10	O
Microsoft	O
has	O
taken	O
measures	O
to	O
eliminate	O
such	O
undocumented	O
features	O
from	O
their	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Released	O
in	O
1995	O
with	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Office	I-Operating_System
for	I-Operating_System
Windows	I-Operating_System
95	I-Operating_System
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
major	O
version	O
after	O
Excel	O
5.0	O
,	O
as	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
Excel	O
6.0	O
with	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
Office	O
applications	O
standardizing	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
major	O
version	O
number	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Excel	O
95	O
contained	O
a	O
hidden	O
Doom-like	O
mini-game	O
called	O
"	O
The	O
Hall	O
of	O
Tortured	O
Souls	O
"	O
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
rooms	O
featuring	O
the	O
names	O
and	O
faces	O
of	O
the	O
developers	O
as	O
an	O
easter	O
egg	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Included	O
in	O
Office	B-Operating_System
97	I-Operating_System
(	O
for	O
x86	O
and	O
Alpha	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
a	O
major	O
upgrade	O
that	O
introduced	O
the	O
paper	O
clip	O
office	O
assistant	O
and	O
featured	O
standard	O
VBA	B-Language
used	O
instead	O
of	O
internal	O
Excel	O
Basic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Included	O
in	O
Office	B-Operating_System
2000	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
small	O
3-D	O
game	O
called	O
"	O
Dev	O
Hunter	O
"	O
(	O
inspired	O
by	O
Spy	B-Application
Hunter	I-Application
)	O
was	O
included	O
as	O
an	O
easter	O
egg	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Included	O
in	O
Office	B-Operating_System
XP	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Included	O
in	O
Office	B-General_Concept
2003	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Included	O
in	O
Office	B-Application
2007	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
study	O
reported	O
fairly	O
good	O
acceptance	O
by	O
users	O
except	O
highly	O
experienced	O
users	O
and	O
users	O
of	O
word	B-Application
processing	O
applications	O
with	O
a	O
classical	O
WIMP	B-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
but	O
was	O
less	O
convinced	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
efficiency	O
and	O
organization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
added	O
was	O
an	O
improved	O
management	O
of	O
named	O
variables	O
through	O
the	O
Name	O
Manager	O
,	O
and	O
much-improved	O
flexibility	O
in	O
formatting	O
graphs	B-Application
,	O
which	O
allow	O
(	O
x	O
,	O
y	O
)	O
coordinate	O
labeling	O
and	O
lines	O
of	O
arbitrary	O
weight	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
improvements	O
to	O
pivot	B-Application
tables	I-Application
were	O
introduced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
like	O
other	O
office	O
products	O
,	O
the	O
Office	B-Operating_System
Open	I-Operating_System
XML	I-Operating_System
file	O
formats	O
were	O
introduced	O
,	O
including	O
.xlsm	O
for	O
a	O
workbook	O
with	O
macros	O
and	O
.xlsx	B-Operating_System
for	O
a	O
workbook	O
without	O
macros	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
version	O
made	O
more	O
extensive	O
use	O
of	O
multiple	O
cores	O
for	O
the	O
calculation	O
of	O
spreadsheets	B-Application
;	O
however	O
,	O
VBA	B-Language
macros	I-Language
are	O
not	O
handled	O
in	O
parallel	O
and	O
XLL	O
add‑ins	O
were	O
only	O
executed	O
in	O
parallel	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
thread-safe	B-Operating_System
and	O
this	O
was	O
indicated	O
at	O
registration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Included	O
in	O
Office	B-Operating_System
2010	I-Operating_System
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
next	O
major	O
version	O
after	O
v12.0	O
,	O
as	O
version	O
number	O
13	O
was	O
skipped	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Included	O
in	O
Office	B-Operating_System
2013	I-Operating_System
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
new	O
tools	O
included	O
in	O
this	O
release	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Included	O
in	O
Office	B-Operating_System
2016	I-Operating_System
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
new	O
tools	O
included	O
in	O
this	O
release	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
,	O
features	O
are	O
introduced	O
automatically	O
over	O
time	O
using	O
Windows	B-Application
Update	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
perhaps	O
the	O
biggest	O
structural	O
change	O
since	O
2007	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
a	O
similar	O
feature	O
in	O
Google	B-Language
Sheets	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dynamic	O
arrays	O
started	O
appearing	O
in	O
pre-releases	O
about	O
2018	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
of	O
March	O
2020	O
are	O
available	O
in	O
published	O
versions	O
of	O
Office	B-Operating_System
365	I-Operating_System
provided	O
a	O
user	O
selected	O
"	O
Office	O
Insiders	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2015	O
Excel	O
15.0	O
(	O
part	O
of	O
Office	B-Operating_System
2016	I-Operating_System
—	O
Office	B-Operating_System
2016	I-Operating_System
for	I-Operating_System
Mac	I-Operating_System
brings	O
the	O
Mac	O
version	O
much	O
closer	O
to	O
parity	O
with	O
its	O
Windows	B-Application
cousin	O
,	O
harmonizing	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
reporting	O
and	O
high-level	O
developer	O
functions	O
,	O
while	O
bringing	O
the	O
ribbon	O
and	O
styling	O
into	O
line	O
with	O
its	O
PC	O
counterpart	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Microsoft	O
Excel	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
release	O
history	O
Year	O
Name	O
VersionComments1987Excel	O
2Renumbered	O
to	O
2	O
to	O
correspond	O
with	O
contemporary	O
Macintosh	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Supported	O
macros	O
(	O
later	O
known	O
as	O
Excel	O
4	O
macros	O
)	O
.1990Excel	O
3Added	O
3D	O
graphing	O
capabilities1992Excel	O
4Introduced	O
auto-fill	O
feature1993Excel	O
5Included	O
Visual	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
for	I-Language
Applications	I-Language
(	O
VBA	B-Language
)	O
and	O
various	O
object-oriented	B-Language
options1995Excel	O
95Renumbered	O
for	O
contemporary	O
Word	B-Application
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1997Excel	O
972000Excel	O
2000Part	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Operating_System
Office	I-Operating_System
2000	I-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
was	O
itself	O
part	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
Millennium	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
Windows	B-Application
ME	O
"	O
)	O
.2002Excel	O
20022003Excel	O
2003Released	O
only	O
1	O
year	O
later	O
to	O
correspond	O
better	O
with	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
Office	O
(	O
Word	B-Application
,	O
PowerPoint	B-Application
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2000Excel	O
20002001Excel	O
20012004Excel	O
20042008Excel	O
20082011Excel	O
2011As	O
with	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
version	O
,	O
version	O
13	O
was	O
skipped	O
for	O
superstitious	O
reasons.2016Excel	O
2016As	O
with	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
Office	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
is	O
for	O
Excel	O
:	O
Future	O
release	O
dates	O
for	O
the	O
Macintosh	O
version	O
are	O
intended	O
to	O
correspond	O
better	O
to	O
those	O
for	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
version	O
,	O
from	O
2016	O
onward	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Microsoft	O
Excel	O
for	O
OS/2	O
release	O
history	O
Year	O
Name	O
VersionComments1989Excel	O
2.2Numbered	O
in	O
between	O
Windows	B-Application
versions	O
at	O
the	O
time1990Excel	O
2.31991Excel	O
3Last	O
OS/2	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Excel	O
offers	O
many	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
tweaks	O
over	O
the	O
earliest	O
electronic	O
spreadsheets	B-Application
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
essence	O
remains	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
original	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
VisiCalc	B-Application
:	O
the	O
program	O
displays	O
cells	O
organized	O
in	O
rows	O
and	O
columns	O
,	O
and	O
each	O
cell	O
may	O
contain	O
data	O
or	O
a	O
formula	O
,	O
with	O
relative	O
or	O
absolute	O
references	O
to	O
other	O
cells	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Excel	O
2.0	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
modeled	O
after	O
its	O
Mac	O
GUI-based	O
counterpart	O
,	O
indirectly	O
expanded	O
the	O
installed	O
base	O
of	O
the	O
then-nascent	O
Windows	B-Application
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Excel	O
2.0	O
was	O
released	O
a	O
month	O
before	O
Windows	B-Application
2.0	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
installed	O
base	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
was	O
so	O
low	O
at	O
that	O
point	O
in	O
1987	O
that	O
Microsoft	O
had	O
to	O
bundle	O
a	O
runtime	O
version	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
1.0	O
with	O
Excel	O
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Word	I-Application
,	O
there	O
never	O
was	O
a	O
DOS	O
version	O
of	O
Excel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Excel	O
became	O
the	O
first	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
to	O
allow	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
define	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
spreadsheets	B-Application
(	O
fonts	O
,	O
character	O
attributes	O
,	O
and	O
cell	O
appearance	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
introduced	O
intelligent	O
cell	O
re-computation	O
,	O
where	O
only	O
cells	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
cell	O
being	O
modified	O
are	O
updated	O
(	O
previous	O
spreadsheet	B-Application
programs	I-Application
recomputed	O
everything	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
or	O
waited	O
for	O
a	O
specific	O
user	O
command	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
the	O
easter	O
eggs	O
,	O
numerous	O
games	O
have	O
been	O
created	O
or	O
recreated	O
in	O
Excel	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Tetris	B-Device
,	O
2048	B-Application
,	O
Scrabble	B-Application
,	O
Yahtzee	O
,	O
Angry	B-Application
Birds	I-Application
,	O
Pac-Man	B-Application
,	O
Civilization	B-Application
,	O
Monopoly	O
,	O
Battleship	O
,	O
Blackjack	B-Application
,	O
Space	B-Application
Invaders	I-Application
,	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
