<s>
.dk	B-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
country	B-Application
code	I-Application
top-level	I-Application
domain	I-Application
(	O
ccTLD	B-Application
)	O
for	O
Denmark	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
supervision	O
of	O
the	O
.dk	B-General_Concept
top-level	O
domain	O
is	O
handled	O
exclusively	O
by	O
DK	B-General_Concept
Hostmaster	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Any	O
new	O
.dk	B-General_Concept
domain	O
name	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
applied	O
for	O
via	O
an	O
approved	O
registrar	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Then	O
the	O
domain	O
name	O
applicant	O
can	O
ask	O
the	O
registrar	O
to	O
manage	O
their	O
domain	O
name	O
or	O
have	O
it	O
managed	O
directly	O
by	O
the	O
DK	B-General_Concept
Hostmaster	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
country	B-Application
code	I-Application
top-level	I-Application
domain	I-Application
.dk	B-General_Concept
was	O
created	O
July	O
14	O
,	O
1987	O
,	O
at	O
ARPA	O
Network	O
Information	O
Center	O
,	O
Stanford	O
Research	O
Institute	O
(	O
SRI-NIC	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Danish	O
UNIX	O
User	O
Group	O
(	O
DKUUG	O
)	O
at	O
Datalogisk	O
Institut	O
,	O
Københavns	O
Universitet	O
(	O
DIKU	O
)	O
received	O
management	O
of	O
the	O
.dk	B-General_Concept
domain	O
on	O
the	O
DKnet	O
,	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
an	O
informal	O
name	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
UUCP	B-Protocol
network	O
used	O
at	O
DIKU	O
and	O
other	O
places	O
in	O
Denmark	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
1987	O
DKUUG	O
made	O
a	O
name	O
agreement	O
(	O
"	O
navneaftalen	O
"	O
)	O
with	O
the	O
coordinators	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
other	O
networks	O
then	O
working	O
in	O
Denmark	O
,	O
a	O
national	O
experimental	O
X.400	B-Protocol
net	O
(	O
EAN	O
from	O
University	O
of	O
British	O
Columbia	O
)	O
,	O
EARN	O
and	O
DECnet	B-Protocol
,	O
concerning	O
the	O
.dk	B-General_Concept
domain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
agreed	O
to	O
share	O
it	O
,	O
hiding	O
from	O
the	O
users	O
which	O
network	O
they	O
were	O
connected	O
to	O
,	O
and	O
nullifying	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
pseudo-domains	O
like	O
.uucp	B-Protocol
or	O
second-level	O
domains	O
like	O
gov.uk,	O
thereby	O
creating	O
a	O
practice	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
enforced	O
ever	O
since	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
applied	O
in	O
other	O
countries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
DKUUG	O
,	O
with	O
DKnet	O
,	O
moved	O
to	O
Symbion	O
Science	O
Park	O
where	O
they	O
received	O
their	O
own	O
international	O
lines	O
and	O
started	O
to	O
lease	O
these	O
to	O
companies	O
,	O
and	O
modem	B-Application
connections	O
to	O
private	O
consumers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
15	O
,	O
1996	O
,	O
DKnet	O
ApS	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
.dk	B-General_Concept
domain	O
management	O
,	O
was	O
sold	O
by	O
DKUUG	O
to	O
Tele	O
Danmark	O
(	O
now	O
TDC	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
20	O
million	O
DKK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Acknowledging	O
the	O
possible	O
conflict	O
of	O
interest	O
of	O
a	O
company	O
(	O
Tele	O
Denmark	O
)	O
behind	O
both	O
a	O
commercial	O
ISP	O
(	O
DKnet	O
A/S	O
,	O
now	O
a	O
stock	O
company	O
)	O
and	O
also	O
in	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
.dk	B-General_Concept
domain	O
management	O
(	O
DK	B-General_Concept
Hostmaster	I-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
tele	O
-	O
and	O
internet	O
companies	O
,	O
28	O
in	O
all	O
,	O
including	O
TeliaSonera	O
,	O
Global	O
One	O
,	O
Deutsche	O
Telekom	O
,	O
IBM	O
,	O
assembled	O
five	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
purchase	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
gain	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
DK	B-General_Concept
Hostmaster	I-General_Concept
function	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tele	O
Denmark	O
agreed	O
and	O
FIL	O
became	O
the	O
authority	O
registered	O
by	O
IANA	O
for	O
the	O
.dk	B-General_Concept
domain	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
nominal	O
and	O
practical	O
administration	O
remained	O
the	O
responsibility	O
of	O
DKnet	O
A/S	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
1996	O
they	O
signed	O
a	O
one-year	O
contract	O
about	O
the	O
practice	O
and	O
rules	O
concerning	O
the	O
.dk	B-General_Concept
domain	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
later	O
be	O
renewed	O
for	O
another	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
15	O
,	O
1997	O
,	O
at	O
15:00	O
,	O
FIL	O
loosened	O
the	O
restrictions	O
for	O
registering	O
a	O
.dk	B-General_Concept
domain	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Where	O
one	O
had	O
previously	O
needed	O
a	O
valid	O
reason	O
to	O
register	O
one	O
,	O
all	O
restrictions	O
were	O
now	O
removed	O
,	O
creating	O
an	O
unprecedented	O
run	O
on	O
.dk	B-General_Concept
domain	O
names	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
1996	O
there	O
were	O
only	O
6,500	O
registered	O
.dk	B-General_Concept
domains	O
,	O
by	O
February	O
1	O
,	O
1997	O
,	O
this	O
had	O
more	O
than	O
doubled	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
1997	O
there	O
were	O
41,000	O
registered	O
.dk	B-General_Concept
domains	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
1997	O
Tele	O
Danmark	O
announced	O
that	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
1998	O
they	O
would	O
start	O
collecting	O
a	O
yearly	O
fee	O
(	O
of	O
340	O
DKK	O
excluding	O
VAT	O
)	O
for	O
every	O
registered	O
domain	O
name	O
via	O
DK	B-General_Concept
Hostmaster	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
there	O
had	O
been	O
talks	O
about	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
fee	O
to	O
DK	B-General_Concept
Hostmaster	I-General_Concept
to	O
cover	O
its	O
expenses	O
,	O
no	O
review	O
of	O
DK	B-General_Concept
Hostmaster	I-General_Concept
's	O
actual	O
budget	O
was	O
available	O
since	O
it	O
was	O
financially	O
all	O
but	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
Tele	O
Danmark	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
therefore	O
seen	O
by	O
FIL	O
as	O
abuse	O
of	O
power	O
and	O
profit	O
making	O
via	O
the	O
supposedly	O
non-profit	O
DK	B-General_Concept
Hostmaster	I-General_Concept
organization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
Tele	O
Danmark	O
announced	O
in	O
March	O
1998	O
that	O
the	O
commercial	O
parts	O
in	O
DKnet	O
A/S	O
would	O
be	O
moved	O
to	O
Tele	O
Denmark	O
Internet	O
and	O
DKnet	O
A/S	O
,	O
with	O
its	O
only	O
remaining	O
asset	O
,	O
DK	B-General_Concept
Hostmaster	I-General_Concept
,	O
would	O
be	O
renamed	O
to	O
"	O
DK	B-General_Concept
Hostmaster	I-General_Concept
A/S	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
put	O
up	O
for	O
sale	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
letter	O
also	O
stated	O
that	O
FIL	O
wanted	O
to	O
take	O
over	O
the	O
running	O
of	O
DK	B-General_Concept
Hostmaster	I-General_Concept
themselves	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
1998	O
FIL	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
invitation	O
of	O
the	O
Danish	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Science	O
,	O
Technology	O
and	O
Innovation	O
,	O
called	O
a	O
meeting	O
between	O
all	O
actors	O
on	O
the	O
Danish	O
internet	O
,	O
companies	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
users	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
banner	O
"	O
ID	O
MoU	O
"	O
(	O
"	O
Internet	O
Danmark	O
Memorandum	O
of	O
Understanding	O
"	O
)	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
long-term	O
agreement	O
on	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
the	O
.dk	B-General_Concept
domain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
result	O
of	O
"	O
ID	O
MoU	O
"	O
was	O
that	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
institutions	O
and	O
organizations	O
established	O
a	O
self-owning	O
institution	O
named	O
Dansk	O
INTERNET	O
Forum	O
(	O
DIFO	O
)	O
on	O
July	O
1	O
,	O
1999	O
,	O
which	O
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
external	O
investment	O
bought	O
"	O
DK	B-General_Concept
Hostmaster	I-General_Concept
A/S	O
"	O
in	O
December	O
1999	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DK	B-General_Concept
Hostmaster	I-General_Concept
has	O
offered	O
IPv6	O
glue	O
records	O
for	O
second-level	O
domains	O
since	O
April	O
4	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
first	O
DNS	O
provider	O
had	O
IPv6	O
glue	O
records	O
added	O
in	O
the	O
TLD	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Just	O
days	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
World	O
IPv6	O
day	O
,	O
DK	B-General_Concept
Hostmaster	I-General_Concept
added	O
an	O
IPv6	O
address	O
in	O
DNS	O
for	O
their	O
web	O
server	O
and	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
web	O
server	O
of	O
its	O
owner	O
,	O
DIFO	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
DNS	O
root	O
zone	O
was	O
signed	O
in	O
mid-July	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
.DK-zone	O
was	O
officially	O
signed	O
using	O
NSEC3	O
on	O
July	O
23	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
root	O
zone	O
was	O
updated	O
July	O
26	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
to	O
include	O
the	O
corresponding	O
DS-record	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
oldest	O
.dk	B-General_Concept
domains	O
still	O
registered	O
in	O
DK	B-General_Concept
Hostmaster	I-General_Concept
's	O
database	O
,	O
are	O
the	O
domains	O
dkuug.dk,	O
diku.dk,	O
bk.dk,	O
ibt.dk,	O
ifad.dk,	O
lego.dk,	O
mainz.dk	O
and	O
nordita.dk	O
which	O
were	O
all	O
registered	O
in	O
1987	O
when	O
.dk	B-General_Concept
was	O
registered	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
registration	O
of	O
.dk	B-General_Concept
a	O
dual	O
naming	O
with	O
both	O
.uucp	B-Protocol
and	O
.dk	B-General_Concept
names	O
was	O
introduced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Of	O
these	O
,	O
diku.dk	O
and	O
ibt.dk	O
can	O
be	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
oldest	O
names	O
,	O
as	O
these	O
were	O
the	O
initial	O
names	O
on	O
the	O
Danish	O
UUCP	B-Protocol
network	O
started	O
2	O
January	O
1983	O
.	O
</s>
