<s>
The	O
.NET	B-Application
Micro	I-Application
Framework	I-Application
(	O
NETMF	B-Application
)	O
is	O
a	O
.NET	B-Application
Framework	I-Application
platform	O
for	O
resource-constrained	O
devices	O
with	O
at	O
least	O
512kB	O
of	O
flash	O
and	O
256kB	O
of	O
random-access	B-Architecture
memory	I-Architecture
(	O
RAM	B-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
includes	O
a	O
small	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
Common	O
Language	O
Runtime	O
(	O
CLR	O
)	O
and	O
supports	O
development	O
in	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
Visual	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
.NET	I-Language
,	O
and	O
debugging	O
(	O
in	O
an	O
emulator	O
or	O
on	O
hardware	O
)	O
using	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Visual	I-Application
Studio	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
NETMF	B-Application
features	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
base	O
class	O
libraries	O
(	O
about	O
70	O
classes	O
with	O
about	O
420	O
methods	O
)	O
,	O
an	O
implementation	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
Communication	I-Application
Foundation	I-Application
(	O
WCF	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
GUI	B-Library
framework	I-Library
loosely	O
based	O
on	O
Windows	B-Device
Presentation	I-Device
Foundation	I-Device
(	O
WPF	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
Web	O
Services	O
stack	O
based	O
on	O
Simple	O
Object	O
Access	O
Protocol	O
(	O
SOAP	B-Application
)	O
and	O
Web	O
Services	O
Description	O
Language	O
(	O
WSDL	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NETMF	B-Application
also	O
features	O
added	O
libraries	O
specific	O
to	O
embedded	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
software	I-License
released	O
under	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
2.0	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
it	O
allows	O
desktop	O
.NET	B-Application
developers	O
to	O
use	O
their	O
skills	O
in	O
embedded	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
,	O
enlarging	O
the	O
pool	O
of	O
qualified	O
embedded	O
developers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Micro	O
Framework	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
Foundation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Announced	O
at	O
the	O
Build	O
2014	O
conference	O
,	O
the	O
foundation	O
was	O
created	O
as	O
an	O
independent	O
forum	O
to	O
foster	O
open	O
development	O
and	O
collaboration	O
around	O
the	O
growing	O
set	O
of	O
open-source	O
technologies	O
for	O
.NET	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Relative	O
to	O
other	O
.NET	B-Application
platforms	I-Application
,	O
the	O
unique	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
Micro	O
Framework	O
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
platform	O
does	O
not	O
support	O
symmetric	B-Operating_System
multiprocessing	I-Operating_System
,	O
multidimensional	O
arrays	O
,	O
machine-dependent	O
types	O
,	O
or	O
unsafe	O
instructions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CLR	O
is	O
an	O
interpreter	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
just-in-time	O
compiler	O
,	O
and	O
uses	O
a	O
simpler	O
mark-and-sweep	O
garbage	B-General_Concept
collector	I-General_Concept
instead	O
of	O
a	O
generational	O
method	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
ahead-of-time	O
compiler	O
is	O
being	O
developed	O
using	O
a	O
modified	O
LLVM	B-Application
compiler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2011	O
,	O
Micro	O
Framework	O
supported	O
two	O
.NET	B-Application
languages	O
:	O
C#	B-Application
and	O
Visual	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
Micro	I-Application
Framework	I-Application
was	O
supported	O
on	O
ARM	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
processors	O
(	O
including	O
ARM7	O
,	O
ARM9	O
,	O
and	O
Cortex-M	O
)	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
supported	O
on	O
Analog	B-General_Concept
Devices	I-General_Concept
Blackfin	I-General_Concept
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Porting	O
Kit	O
is	O
now	O
available	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
as	O
a	O
free	O
download	O
under	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
2.0	I-Application
at	O
the	O
Microsoft	O
Download	O
Center	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Micro	O
Framework	O
has	O
its	O
roots	O
in	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Smart	B-Application
Personal	I-Application
Objects	I-Application
Technology	I-Application
(	O
SPOT	O
)	O
initiative	O
and	O
was	O
used	O
in	O
MSN	B-Protocol
Direct	I-Protocol
products	O
such	O
as	O
smart	O
watches	O
before	O
being	O
made	O
available	O
to	O
third-party	O
developers	O
early	O
in	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
platform	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
SideShow	O
devices	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
adopted	O
in	O
other	O
markets	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
energy	O
management	O
,	O
healthcare	O
,	O
industrial	O
automation	O
,	O
and	O
sensor	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
allows	O
developers	O
to	O
create	O
applications	O
using	O
the	O
Micro	O
Framework	O
without	O
charge	O
,	O
and	O
makes	O
a	O
software	B-Application
development	I-Application
kit	I-Application
(	O
SDK	O
)	O
available	O
for	O
free	O
download	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
all	O
versions	O
of	O
Visual	B-Application
Studio	I-Application
,	O
including	O
the	O
free	O
Express	O
editions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2009	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
released	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
of	O
the	O
Micro	O
Framework	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
community	O
as	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
software	I-License
under	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
2.0	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2010	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
launched	O
the	O
netmf.com	O
community	O
development	O
site	O
to	O
coordinate	O
ongoing	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
core	O
implementation	O
with	O
the	O
open-source	O
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
)	O
,	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
open-source	O
hardware	O
with	O
a	O
proprietary	O
closed-source	O
version	O
of	O
.NET	B-Application
Micro	I-Application
Framework	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
3	O
August	O
2010	O
,	O
Secret	O
Labs	O
announced	O
the	O
Netduino	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
all-open-source	O
electronics	O
platform	O
using	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
Micro	I-Application
Framework	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2011	O
,	O
Novell	O
posted	O
a	O
preview	O
of	O
the	O
Mono	O
2.12	O
C#	B-Application
compiler	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
open-source	O
compiler	O
for	O
.NET	B-Application
Micro	I-Application
Framework	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
23	O
January	O
2017	O
,	O
after	O
numerous	O
attempts	O
(	O
and	O
)	O
to	O
revive	O
.NET	B-Application
Microframework	O
project	O
and	O
bring	O
it	O
to	O
community	O
governance	O
and	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
work	O
"	O
in	O
the	O
dark	O
"	O
,	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
embedded	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
developers	O
publicly	O
announced	O
.NET	B-Application
nanoFramework	O
as	O
spin-off	O
of	O
.NET	B-Application
Micro	I-Application
Framework	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
major	O
rework	O
on	O
the	O
build	O
system	O
,	O
an	O
easier	O
way	O
of	O
adding	O
new	O
targets	O
,	O
a	O
modernized	O
API	O
following	O
UWP	B-Device
,	O
a	O
Visual	B-Application
Studio	I-Application
extension	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
tools	O
required	O
for	O
managing	O
targets	O
,	O
full	O
development	O
experience	O
from	O
coding	O
to	O
debugging	O
on	O
the	O
native	O
code	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
ARM	B-Architecture
Cortex-M	O
and	O
ESP32	O
were	O
the	O
key	O
differences	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
16	O
December	O
2016	O
,	O
GHI	O
Electronics	O
announced	O
their	O
own	O
implementation	O
of	O
Micro	O
Framework	O
called	O
TinyCLR	B-Application
OS	O
,	O
citing	O
lack	O
of	O
maintenance	O
of	O
NETMF	B-Application
by	O
Microsoft	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
7	O
July	O
2017	O
GHI	O
announced	O
5th	O
preview	O
of	O
TinyCLR	B-Application
OS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
2	O
February	O
2018	O
GHI	O
announced	O
8th	O
preview	O
of	O
TinyCLR	B-Application
OS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
5	O
April	O
2018	O
GHI	O
announced	O
10th	O
preview	O
of	O
TinyCLR	B-Application
OS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multiple	O
vendors	O
make	O
chips	O
,	O
development	B-Application
kits	I-Application
,	O
and	O
more	O
that	O
run	O
the	O
Micro	O
Framework	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
created	O
by	O
Secret	O
Labs	O
,	O
but	O
now	O
manufactured	O
and	O
maintained	O
by	O
Wilderness	O
Labs	O
Inc	O
.	O
Based	O
on	O
168Mhz	O
Cortex-M4	O
(	O
STM32F4	O
)	O
with	O
up	O
to	O
1,408	O
KB	O
of	O
code	O
storage	O
and	O
164	O
KB	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
On-board	O
USB	B-Protocol
,	O
Ethernet	O
,	O
Wifi	O
,	O
SD	O
card	O
slot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
environment	O
is	O
MS	B-Application
Visual	I-Application
Studio	I-Application
and	O
C#	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
GHI	O
Electronics	O
also	O
makes	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
FEZ	O
line	O
of	O
very	O
small	O
open-source	O
hardware	O
boards	O
with	O
proprietary	O
firmware	O
,	O
targeted	O
for	O
beginners	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FEZ	O
Domino	O
board	O
offers	O
USB	B-Protocol
host	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
though	O
FEZ	O
is	O
for	O
beginners	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
also	O
a	O
low-cost	O
starting	O
point	O
for	O
professionals	O
wanting	O
to	O
explore	O
NETMF	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mountaineer	O
have	O
ported	O
the	O
Micro	O
Framework	O
for	O
use	O
on	O
the	O
STM32	O
family	O
of	O
microcontrollers	B-Architecture
featured	O
on	O
their	O
Mountaineer	O
boards	O
and	O
elsewhere	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
STMicroelectronics	O
,	O
creators	O
of	O
the	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
family	O
STM32	O
,	O
make	O
low-cost	O
discovery	O
boards	O
to	O
showcase	O
the	O
controllers	O
,	O
and	O
provides	O
ports	O
of	O
the	O
Micro	O
Framework	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Netmfdevices	O
is	O
an	O
open-source	O
electronics	O
platform	O
using	O
FEZHacker	O
and	O
.NET	B-Application
Micro	I-Application
Framework	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Micromint	O
Bambino	O
200	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
multi-core	B-Architecture
processor	I-Architecture
SBC	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
Gadgeteer	I-Application
framework	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
model	O
200	O
is	O
powered	O
by	O
an	O
NXP	O
LPC4330	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
dual-core	B-Architecture
ARM	B-Architecture
Cortex-M	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
model	O
200E	O
has	O
all	O
the	O
same	O
features	O
as	O
the	O
model	O
200	O
,	O
and	O
increased	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
to	O
8MB	O
,	O
10	O
Gadgeteer	O
sockets	O
,	O
an	O
Ethernet	O
port	O
,	O
microSD	O
socket	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
manufacturers	O
make	O
boards	O
and	O
modules	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
Gadgeteer	I-Application
rapid-prototyping	O
standard	O
for	O
the	O
framework	O
.	O
</s>
