1 & 2
1. If you know things that are likely to provoke a headache, do your best to avoid them. This includes avoiding “trigger foods” (if you have them—they’re common with migraines), getting enough sleep, and moderately consuming alcohol.
2. If you cannot avoid something that gives you a headache (stress at work, rainy weather), do your best to learn to anticipate these days and take preemptive measures by getting plenty of sleep, drinking lots of water, or keeping your headache medicine handy.