K.V. Krombein et al., Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico (1958); Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico, 3 vol. (1979).
S.I. Malyshev, Genesis of the Hymenoptera and the Phases of Their Evolution (1968; orig. pub. in Russian, 1966).
C.D. and M.H. Michener, American Social Insects (1951); D.W. Morley, The Evolution of an Insect Society (1954); W.M. Wheeler, The Social Insects: Their Origin and Evolution (1928); E.D. Wilson, The Insect Societies (1971).
Specific taxonomic groups
C.H. Andrewes, The Lives of Wasps and Bees (1969); W.S. Creighton, The Ants of North America (1950); H.E. Evans, The Comparative Ethology and Evolution of the Sand Wasps (1966), and Wasp Farm (1963, reissued 1985); M. Lindauer, Communication Among Social Bees, 3rd ed. (1971); T.B. Mitchell, Bees of the Eastern United States, 2 vol. (1960–62); C.R. Ribbands, The Behaviour and Social Life of Honeybees (1953, reissued 1964); K. von Frisch, The Dance Language and Orientation of Bees (1967, reissued 1993; originally published in German, 1965); W.M. Wheeler, Ants: Their Structure, Development and Behaviour (1910, reissued 1960); Paul D. Hurd et al., Principal Sunflower Bees of North America with Emphasis on the Southwestern United States (1980).