Red lightwaves are longer than blue and penetrate interference (e.g. air and water molecules, suspended particles, etc.) better. Green lightwaves are somewhere in between. At least that’s what I was told long ago. Don’t ask me why the sky is blue mid day.
Surprisingly, human eyes have red, green, and *blue receptors only. We see red, green, and blue rather well. All the other colors that we perceive are mixtures of these receptors being stimulated and sending signals to the brain. To make yellow on a TV screen or computer monitor, for example, you mix red and green lightwaves. I suspect that the reason yellow gets lost in the distant background more easily than other colors is because it is closer to pure white light.
*edit: Actually it isn’t even blue, but some shorter frequency to the left of blue. So-called violet? Anyway, this may be another reason why blue is not as intensively visible as red.
edit2: The best way to understand the fact that color is a construct of perception (that it is a partial illusion) is to see that a black and white photgraph of a rainbow does not show the bands of color we so readily associate with the phenomenon. The reason for the bands lies in physiology, not physics.