|Publication number||US7178232 B2|
|Application number||US 10/969,120|
|Publication date||Feb 20, 2007|
|Filing date||Oct 20, 2004|
|Priority date||Jun 28, 2004|
|Also published as||US6969286, US6979238, US7052337, US7125293, US7159312, US20050287830, US20050287831, US20050287832, US20050287844, US20050287845, US20050287879|
|Publication number||10969120, 969120, US 7178232 B2, US 7178232B2, US-B2-7178232, US7178232 B2, US7178232B2|
|Inventors||John A. MONGOLD, Stephen P. Koopman|
|Original Assignee||Samtec, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (93), Non-Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (6), Classifications (23), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application is a Continuation Application of prior application Ser. No. 10/876,740, filed Jun. 28, 2004 now U.S. Pat No. 6,979,238.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to electrical connectors and more specifically, the present invention relates to connectors having a unique arrangement of contacts or terminals having a fusible member attached thereto, that allows for much higher coplanarity while simplifying the connector manufacturing and assembly procedures.
2. Description of the Related Art
Electrical connectors are used to place electrical devices, such as printed circuit boards, in communication with one another. An electrical connector may be thought of as having two portions, one portion of which connects to a first electrical device and the second portion of which connects to a second electrical device to be put into communication with the first device. To connect the two devices, the two portions of the electrical connector are mated together.
Each portion of the connector includes one set of contacts or terminals adapted to communicatively couple to an electronic device and a second set of contacts or terminals adapted to matingly couple to the other connector portion. This can be readily accomplished by designating one portion of the connector as having “male” contacts or terminals adapted to couple to the other connector portion's “female” contacts or terminals. Regardless of the specifics of the design of the contacts or terminals, the two connector portions should be adapted to be easily connected and disconnected from each other to respectively electrically link and unlink the electrical devices to which they are connected.
Accordingly, each connector portion is fixedly connected to an electronic device through its remaining set of contacts or terminals. The contacts or terminals may be removably or permanently connectable to the electrical device; however, it is usually desired that the connector portion be secured to the electrical device through some physical mechanism. Typically, the connector portions are secured to electrical devices by fusing the contacts or terminals to contact pads or the like formed on the electrical device.
Recently, there has been a trend toward miniaturization of most electrical devices. As electrical devices become smaller and more complex, the electrical connectors used with these devices must also become smaller and must be able to accommodate the more complex devices. One problem with miniaturized electrical connectors arises from the increased precision of placement necessary to produce the proper positioning and connection of the connector contacts or terminals onto the device. This problem is exacerbated by the ever increasing input/output (I/O) density requirements demanded of the progressively smaller electrical connectors by increasingly miniaturized electrical devices. With increased pin counts (e.g., greater number of terminals) in each connector, it becomes more and more difficult to maintain desired levels of co-planarity while maintaining contact of all of the terminals to a substrate or PCB.
One means of addressing the need for increased I/O density is to provide an arrayed connector. Such a connector can provide a high-density two-dimensional array of contacts or terminals for interfacing with an electrical device. However, arrayed connectors present attachment difficulties regarding connection to devices (i.e., circuit boards or substrates) since most of the contacts or terminals must necessarily be positioned in the interior of the two-dimensional array area and are accordingly difficult to align upon connection, visually inspect, and/or repair.
One attempt to provide a high-density electrical connector interface has been to use a ball grid array (BGA). The BGA offers the advantages of a precisely formed high-density array of contacts or terminals available to interconnect with a substrate. The use of a BGA is thought to overcome conventional problems with co-planarity (e.g., to maintain co-planarity at about 0.004″, for example) and to ensure that all contacts or terminals are securely soldered to pads on a PCB when the connector is mounted and reflowed to the PCB.
However, the use of a BGA has many disadvantages. First of all, the use of solder balls greatly complicates the connector manufacturing process because an additional reflow step is required and the use of special equipment is also required. In addition, either the connector body and/or contacts or terminals must be modified to include recesses or solder ball holding structures, or special assembly equipment must be used to hold the solder balls in place until the solder balls can be reflowed to be connected to the tails of conductive contacts or terminals provided in the housing of the connector. After the solder balls have been reflowed a first time so as to be attached to the tails of the contacts or terminals, the entire connector must be reflowed again so that the solder balls can make the necessary electrical and mechanical attachments to conductive pads on a PCB upon which the connector is being mounted. A further problem may occur when the solder balls are attached to gold-plated tail portions of the contacts or terminals, during which process the gold of the tail portions of the contacts or terminals can mix with the tin/lead of the reflowed solder ball which can cause problems with gold embrittlement.
In addition to the above-described problems, variations in the dimensions and/or placement of solder balls at the interface can lead to an uneven or non-coplanar interface and intermittent or poor electrical contact. Also, the presence of oversized or extra solder balls present in the connector interface, or the uncontrolled spreading of the solder balls during the multiple reflow steps can result in shorted connections and degraded connector performance. In addition, the tails of the contacts or terminals are inserted and attached at different depths within the various solder balls so as to create problems with co-planarity. Furthermore, the solder joints created by the solder balls between the contacts or terminals and the pads on the PCB is not as reliable and may not withstand twisting or distortion of the connector body which may occur. That is, the solder joints created using solder balls are not as flexible and may not withstand the stresses applied to the joints when the connector body bows, twists or is distorted in shape.
One alternative to the use of a BGA is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,679,709, in which circular columns of solder 6 are used instead of solder balls. The circular columns of solder 6 have an elongated cylindrical bar-shaped configuration and in fact are formed by cutting pieces of solder wire. These circular columns of solder 6 are inserted between a pair of bar-like pieces 12 which are then bent to allow claws 13 to grip and hold the solder 6 on the respective terminal or pin 5 such that a longitudinal axis of the circular column of solder 6 is perpendicular to a mounting plane of a PCB or circuit board to which the solder 6 and connector is to be attached. Thus, the solder holding assembly (elements 12, 13, 14) must be arranged perpendicular to the main body 10 of the contact or terminal 5, which complicates the manufacturing and assembly of the contacts or terminals 5 in the connector body. In addition, because the circular columns of solder 6 may have different lengths and may be mounted at different positions with the solder holding assembly (12, 13, 14) of each terminal, many problems with co-planarity may result. Thus, this complicated tail assembly of the contacts or terminals 5 makes manufacturing and assembly more difficult and may cause rather than solve co-planarity problems.
Another alternative is the use of solder-bearing contacts in which the solder has been crimped to the contacts, as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,597,628, for example. In this patent, a solder bearing edge clip 10 has arms 15, 16 with arcuate fingers 18, 19 having solder wires 30 attached thereto. The attaching process involves inserting solder wires 30 into openings at the ends of the fingers 18, 19, closing or crimping the fingers to close the openings so as to indent the solder wires 30 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 12. The solder is then melted to attach the arms 15, 16 or 75, 76 to the pads 12 of the substrate 11 as seen in FIGS. 4 and 13. In most of the embodiments shown in this patent, the solder wire is spaced from the outer surfaces of the fingers 18, 19 or 68, 69 because the fingers 18, 19 or 68, 69 must be able to reliably hold the substrate. FIGS. 11A and 11B show an embodiment where the solder wire 71′ projects very slightly from the finger ends so that when the substrate is inserted, the solder wipes across the contact pad 12 to improve the resulting solder joint. However, with this structure, there is no way to control how far the solder projects from the finger ends and thus, no way to ensure that the substrate is reliably held in the arms. If the finger ends are crimped too much, excessive solder will project from the finger ends and it may not be possible to reliably hold the substrate between the fingers. If the finger ends are not crimped enough, the solder will not project from the finger ends. In addition, if fingers 18, 19 or 68, 69 are bent, twisted or having varying dimensions due to manufacturing tolerances, there may be an air gap between the pads 12 and the fingers 18, 19 or 68, 69 and solder. This air gap may not be filled by the solder during reflow because the solder may not be sufficiently wicked or moved toward the pad during reflow. Thus, there may still be problems with reliably forming or soldering electrical connections between fingers 18, 19 or 68, 69 and the pads 12.
In fact, this is one of the most significant problems with electrical connectors in which conductive contacts or terminals are to be joined to conductive elements on a substrate. Because of twisting or flexing of the connector or variations in size, shape, or arrangement of the contacts or terminals in a connector body, an air gap may exist between the contact or terminal and a conductive pad to which it is to be attached before the reflow process is performed. The current designs and arrangements of contacts or terminals in the connectors do not provide for a consistently reliable solution for eliminating the air gap during reflow, and do not ensure that each contact or terminal is securely connected to the conductive pad on a substrate to which the connector is mounted.
In order to overcome the unsolved problems of the prior art described above, preferred embodiments of the present invention provide an electrical connector that allows for much greater co-planarity to be achieved and also allows for a much more reliable reflow process to be performed to reliably connect a connector to a substrate.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an electrical connector includes a connector body, a plurality of contacts arranged in the connector body, each of the plurality of contacts having a tail portion with a fusible member attached thereto, wherein each of the fusible members includes an intermediate portion and two support members disposed on opposite sides of the intermediate portion, and the two support members extend below the tail portion of the contact.
It is preferred that each of the two support members extends below the tail portion of the contact by a distance of about 0.004 inches to 0.014 inches, and that an outer periphery of each of the two support members is greater than an outer periphery of the tail portion of the contact.
Furthermore, it is preferred that the two support members are arranged to wick up the tail portion of the contact in a direction toward the connector body during a reflow process. When this happens, the portions of the support portions that previously hung below the bottom tip of the tail portion moves up the tail portion such that there is no longer any portion of the fusible member that hangs down below the bottom tip of the tail portion. As a result, each contact or terminal and the entire connector is able to drop down such that the bottom tip of the tail portion is located very close to the substrate and is reliably attached to the substrate. This allows the connector to have much greater co-planarity and a much more reliable reflow process.
The configuration and arrangement of the contact or terminals has additional unique features. It is preferred that the contact or terminal has a key hole defined by a first horizontally extending arc and two vertically extending arcs, such that the intermediate portion of the fusible member is fitted within the key hole. More specifically, the intermediate portion of the fusible member fills the keyhole defined by the first horizontally extending arc and the two vertically extending arcs. This allows the fusible member to be quickly and reliably attached to the contact or terminal and eliminates a reflow step required with BGA connectors.
The contacts or terminals may also include a solder stop portion located at a medial portion thereof. In addition, the tail portions of the contacts are substantially straight and do not include a right angle portion as is required with some conventional contacts described above.
The contacts or terminals may also include wings for engaging a core of the connector body to maintain a uniform distance between the tail portion of the contacts and the connector body.
Also, the contacts or terminals may include wedges for engaging a side wall of a core of the connector body in order to fix the contact in the connector body.
Furthermore, the contacts or terminals may include lead-in portions having coined edges arranged to position the contacts in the connector body.
The contacts or terminals may also include bumps for positioning the contacts within the connector body.
The fusible member also has unique features in addition to those described above. Each of the two support portions has one of a substantially flat bottom surface, a substantially rounded bottom surface, a substantially spherical bottom surface, a substantially conical bottom surface, a substantially rectangular bottom surface and a substantially square bottom surface. Also, the intermediate portion and the two support portions are integral and unitary, and the support portions are located on opposite sides of the tail portion of the contact.
Each of the two support members extends from the intermediate portion and is larger than the intermediate portion. The two support members preferably have substantially the same size and shape.
It should be noted that the above-described unique arrangement and construction of the fusible member attached to the contacts or terminals of a connector can be applied to any type of connector including a board-to-board mezzanine connector, a differential pair array connector, a single ended array connector, an edge card connector, a right angle connector, a wafer for use in a backplane connector system, a connector for use with an IC chip such as a microprocessor chip (e.g., a PentiumŪ socket) and any other type of connector.
Another preferred embodiment relates to a connector assembly in which a connector according to the preferred embodiments described above is attached to a substrate, such as a PCB. In such a structure, the unique contacts or terminals with attached fusible members are arranged to be mounted on and attached to conductive elements on the substrate.
A further preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a method of forming a connector including the steps of providing a contact having a tail portion, inserting a fusible member into the tail portion, pressing edges of the fusible member such that an intermediate portion and two support portions of the fusible member are formed such that the two support portions extend down below a bottom tip of the tail portion of the contact. The resulting intermediate portion, two support portions and the arrangement thereof on the tail portion of the contact preferably have the features described above with respect to the other preferred embodiments of the present invention described above.
Yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a method of mounting a connector to a substrate, in which the connector manufactured according to the method described in the preceding paragraph, is positioned above a substrate such that a respective one of the contacts is located directly above a respective one of a plurality of conductive elements formed on the substrate, and reflowing the connector and substrate such that the fusible members are melted causing the support portions of the fusible members to wick up the contacts away from the tail portions, resulting in the contacts and the connector dropping down toward the substrate, such that the contacts are electrically connected to the conductive elements formed on the substrate.
Other features, elements, steps, characteristics, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the attached drawings.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings.
As seen in
Each fusible member 40 has two support portions 40 a, 40 b which are connected to each other by an intermediate portion 40 c. The two support portions 40 a, 40 b are disposed opposite to each other and spaced from each other by a distance that is equal to a length of the intermediate portion 40 c. The two support portions 40 a, 40 b may preferably have substantially flattened bottom surfaces as shown in
It is preferred that the support portions 40 a, 40 b be formed such that an outer periphery of each of the support portions 40 a, 40 b is greater than an outer periphery of the tail portion 22 of the contact or terminal 20, as seen in
One of the unique features of the combined contacts or terminals 20 and fusible members 40 is that the lower portions of the two support portions 40 a, 40 b extend or hang down well below the end or bottom tip of the tail portion 22 of the contact or terminal 20 as seen in
The intermediate portion 40 c is fixedly held in the tail portion 22 of the contact 20 and the opposed support portions 40 a, 40 b are disposed on opposite sides of the tail portion 22 of the contact 20 as seen in
Before describing the preferred process for manufacturing the connector 10 shown in
The contacts or terminals 20 preferably include a contact portion 21 and the tail portion 22 at the opposite end. In a medial portion of the contact or terminal 20, a solder stop member 23 is preferably provided to prevent the fusible material, such as solder, from wicking up toward the contact portion 21. The solder stop member 23 may be formed of any suitable material such as nickel or bare copper alloy. Other anti-wicking agents like resist films or any other non-solder wettable material like flourine resist may also be used. In addition, the medial portion of the contact or terminal 20 preferably includes wings 24 for engaging the bottom of the core of the connector body 12 in order to maintain a consistent distance between the tail portion 22 of the contact or terminal 20 and the connector body 12.
The medial portion of the contact or terminal 20 may also preferably include wedges 25 for engaging a side wall of a core in order to fix the position of the contact or terminal 20 and retain the contact or terminal 20 in the core of the connector body 12. The wedges 25 fix the contact or terminal 20 in the core in the width direction of the connector body 12 so as to prevent stress from being applied in a length direction of the connector body 12 so as to prevent problems with co-planarity.
The medial portion of the contact 20 also preferably includes lead-ins or chamfers 26 which are formed by coined edges which facilitate insertion of the contacts or terminals 20 into the cores of the connector body 12. Each of the contacts or terminals 20 further preferably includes a bump 27 for positioning and stabilizing the contact or terminal 20 in a desired position and orientation relative to the connector body 12.
The contact or terminal 20 also preferably includes a key hole 28 at the tail portion 22. The key hole 28 has a unique configuration that serves a special function as will be described. The key hole 28 is preferably defined by one horizontally extending arc portion 28 a and two vertically extending arc portions 28 b disposed opposite to each other. The arc portions 28 a and 28 b cut out of the tail portion form two retaining arms 28 c, 28 d. The tips of the two retaining arms 28 c, 28 d are preferably beveled so as to eliminate debris from the fusible member 40 during the manufacture of the contact or terminal 20. More specifically, the tips of the tail portion 22 at the retaining arms 28 c and 28 d are preferably coined to a chamfered tip at the surfaces below the dotted lines on the retaining arms 28 c and 28 d. This is to facilitate the insertion and pushing through of the fusible member 40 into the keyhole 28, and prevents the retaining arms 28 c, 28 d from removing or displacing portions of the fusible member 40 that could build up at the tail portion 22 or more specifically, at the two retaining arms 28 c, 28 d.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the distance between the bottom tip of the tail portion 22 and the bottom surface of the support portions 40 a, 40 b is preferably in the range of about 0.004 to about 0.014 inches. This distance between the bottom tip of the tail portion 22 and the bottom surface of the support portions 40 a, 40 b allows for the unique drop-down function of the fusible members 40 and contacts or terminals 20. The assembly shown in
A preferred process for manufacturing and assembling the contacts or terminals 20 having the unique fusible member bearing tail portions 22 will now be described with reference to
As seen in
As seen in
As seen in
As seen in
It is important to note in
As is seen in the detail of
In addition, as seen in
The unique configuration of the two support portions 40 a, 40 b including the lower portions hanging down from the intermediate portion 40 c in relation to the bottom tips of the tail portions 22 of the contact or terminals 20 is very important for allowing the connector to drop down, due to gravity, during the reflow process, which allows for much higher than normal coplanarity and a much more effective reflow process because all of the contacts or terminals 20 are successfully and reliably reflowed and electrically connected to respective pads 62, as will be described below. This unique drop down action is not possible with conventional connectors described above.
It is preferred that the distance between the bottom tip of the tail portion 22 and the bottom surface of the support portions 40 a, 40 b is in the range of about 0.004 to about 0.014 inches. The reason this range is selected is as follows.
When assembling the fusible member 40 on the contact or terminal 20, it is necessary to ensure that the fusible member 40 is reliably held on the contact or terminal 20 until the reflow process is performed. During assembly of the fusible member 40 to the contact or terminal 20, one of the goals is to fill key hole 28, and especially the key hole portion 28 b with the fusible material of the fusible member 40, in order to prevent the fusible member from falling off of the tail portion 22 of the contact or terminal 20. If the amount of the fusible member 40 hanging down below the bottom tip of the tail portion 22 is greater than about 0.014 inches, it may not be possible to place the fusible member 40 far enough into the key hole 28 to allow the key hole 28 to reliably hold the fusible member and the fusible member 40 may fall off of the contact or terminal 20. If the amount of the fusible member 40 hanging down below the bottom tip of the tail portion 22 is less than about 0.004 inches, the contacts or terminals 20 and the entire connector 10 may not experience an adequate amount of drop, as described above, which could result in a lack of connection between a contact or terminal 20 and a conductive pad or element on a substrate.
Once the unique construction of the contacts or terminals 20 including the fusible members 40 affixed thereto is completed as described above, the contacts or terminals 20 are inserted and preferably press-fit into cores of the connector body 12 to complete the connector 10. Instead of being press fit in the connector body 12 as described above, the pins can also be insert-molded.
In this manner, the fusible members 40 are easily and securely press-fit and pressed to the contacts or terminals 20 instead of being attached by reflowing a solder ball or other solder member thereto as in conventional methods, and then the contacts or terminals 20 are easily inserted into the connector body 12. As a result, the tail portions 22 of the contacts or terminals 20 may be tin-plated, if desired, which eliminates or minimizes the gold embrittlement problems of the prior art.
A gap 64 exists between the connector body 12 and the PCB 60. The unique structure of the fusible members 40 allow for two different areas of contact and connection for securing each fusible member 40 to each pad 62 as seen in
When the connector 10 is placed on the PCB 60 before the reflow process as shown in
As can be seen in
Even after reflow has been performed, as seen in
As seen by comparing the results shown in
Although the connector 10 shown in
The present invention can also be applied to other types of connectors including a single-ended array connector 10′ or differential pair array connector 10′ shown in
It is possible to use standoffs, for example, element 90 shown in
According to preferred embodiments of the present invention, the unique fusible member bearing contacts provided in the connector provide many advantages not achieved by conventional devices and overcome many problems not solved or recognized by the prior art.
The connector having the unique fusible member bearing contacts allows for greater co-planarity and a more reliable reflow process. Also, the manufacturing process of the connector according to preferred embodiments of the present invention is much easier, cheaper and reliable since no special equipment is required, a reflow step is eliminated, the contact or terminal does not require a right-angle portion at the tail to hold the fusible member, and the connector housing does not require special features in the connector body for locating and holding solder balls.
Furthermore, the method of attaching the fusible members to the contacts or terminals via the intermediate portion fitting in the unique key hole of the tail portions of the contacts or terminals and the unique construction of the two spaced opposed support portions being seated on a conductive pad or other attachment member, increases the strength of the solder joint, allows the contacts or terminals to be located much closer to the board or substrate upon which the connector is mounted, and allows the contacts or terminals to absorb more stress and flex more to avoid problems experienced by conventional connectors since the contacts or terminals are not rigidly held in the insulating body of the connector and are largely exposed from the insulating body.
As a result, the overall height of the connector according to preferred embodiments of the present invention is more controllable and even allows for flattening of the field of contacts with a flat rigid surface, if desired, which is not possible with BGA connectors without compromising the solder joint. Furthermore, the plastic or insulating connector body can be spaced farther from the solder joint which allows for better air flow below the connector. In addition, the problems with gold embrittlement, solder wicking and solder joint weakness are eliminated or reduced in the connector according to preferred embodiments of the present invention.
It should be noted that the preferred method of attaching the fusible members to the tails of the contacts or terminals has been described above. However, it is possible within the present invention to use alternative methods of attaching the fusible members to the contacts. In addition, the form, shape and arrangement of the support members can be changed as desired.
It should be understood that the foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention. Various alternatives and modifications can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the scope of the appended claims.
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|U.S. Classification||29/843, 439/875, 439/874, 228/180.22, 29/842|
|International Classification||H01R12/57, H01R43/02, H01R12/00, H01R4/02, H05K3/34, H01R9/00|
|Cooperative Classification||Y02P70/613, H05K3/3426, H01R43/0256, H01R43/0235, Y10T29/49147, H01R12/57, Y10T29/49149, H05K2201/10984|
|European Classification||H01R12/57, H01R43/02H, H01R43/02P, H05K3/34C3B|
|Sep 29, 2005||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: SAMTEC, INC., INDIANA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MONGOLD, JOHN A.;KOOPMAN, STEVE P.;REEL/FRAME:016847/0335
Effective date: 20040628
|Feb 7, 2006||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: SAMTEC, INC., INDIANA
Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE CONVEYING PARTY NAME, PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL 016847, FRAME 0335;ASSIGNORS:MONGOLD, JOHN A.;KOOPMAN, STEPHEN P.;REEL/FRAME:017239/0493
Effective date: 20040628
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Year of fee payment: 4
|Jul 30, 2014||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8