|Publication number||US7627367 B2|
|Application number||US 11/120,284|
|Publication date||Dec 1, 2009|
|Filing date||May 2, 2005|
|Priority date||Nov 21, 2001|
|Also published as||CA2534119A1, CN1859870A, CN100548211C, DE602004017749D1, EP1659934A2, EP1659934B1, EP1774906A1, EP1774906B1, US7392085, US7953489, US20050049644, US20050192507, US20100076513, WO2005011809A2, WO2005011809A3|
|Publication number||11120284, 120284, US 7627367 B2, US 7627367B2, US-B2-7627367, US7627367 B2, US7627367B2|
|Inventors||Jay A. Warren, Gust H. Bardy|
|Original Assignee||Cameron Health, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (100), Non-Patent Citations (23), Referenced by (13), Classifications (28), Legal Events (3)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/901,258, filed Jul. 27, 2004, and now U.S. Pat. No. 7,392,085; which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/490,779, filed Jul. 28, 2003, titled MULTIPLE ELECTRODE VECTORS IN A SUBCUTANEOUS ICD, and the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference; this application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/856,084 filed May 27, 2004, titled METHOD FOR DISCRIMINATING BETWEEN VENTRICULAR AND SUPRAVENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS, and now U.S. Pat. No. 7,330,757, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/474,323, filed May 29, 2003; this application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/863,599, filed Jun. 8, 2004, titled APPARATUS AND METHOD OF ARRHYTHMIA DETECTION IN A SUBCUTANEOUS IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER/DEFIBRILLATOR, and now U.S. Pat. No. 7,379,772, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/990,510, filed Nov. 21, 2001, titled APPARATUS AND METHOD OF ARRHYTHMIA DETECTION IN A SUBCUTANEOUS IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER/DEFIBRILLATOR, and now U.S. Pat. No. 6,754,528; this application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/858,598 filed Jun. 1, 2004, titled METHOD AND DEVICES FOR PERFORMING CARDIAC WAVEFORM APPRAISAL, and now U.S. Pat. No. 7,248,921, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/475,279, filed Jun. 2, 2003, and the disclosure of each of these applications is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates generally to methods and devices for improving sensing in an implantable cardiac treatment system. More particularly, the present invention relates to the placement of electrodes in an implantable pacing or cardioversion/defibrillation system at defined locations within a patient to create multiple electrode vectors for improved far-field sensing and improved sensing of cardiac events.
Implantable cardiac rhythm management devices are an effective treatment in managing irregular cardiac rhythms in particular patients. Implantable cardiac rhythm management devices are capable of recognizing and treating arrhythmias with a variety of therapies. These therapies include anti-bradycardia pacing for treating bradycardia, anti-tachycardia pacing or cardioversion pulsing for treating ventricular tachycardia, and high energy shocking for treating ventricular fibrillation. Usually, the cardiac rhythm management device delivers these therapies for the treatment of tachycardia in sequence starting with anti-tachycardia pacing and then proceeding to low energy shocks, and then finally to high energy shocks. Sometimes, however, only one of these therapies is selected depending upon the tachyarrhythmia detected.
To effectively deliver treatment, cardiac rhythm management devices must first accurately detect and classify a cardiac event. Through the accurate classification of cardiac events, these cardiac rhythm management devices are able to classify the type of arrhythmia that is occurring (if any) and assess the appropriate therapy to provide to the heart (if indicated). A problem arises, however, when the cardiac rhythm management device misclassifies an event and, as a result, delivers inappropriate therapy or fails to deliver therapy.
Besides being physically painful to the patient, when a cardiac rhythm management device delivers inappropriate treatment, it can be extremely disconcerting. Moreover, delivery of an inappropriate therapy can intensify the malignancy of the cardiac arrhythmia or cause an arrhythmia where one was not present. The accuracy of a sensing architecture is, therefore, an important factor in ensuring that appropriate therapy is delivered to a patient.
In a first embodiment, an implantable cardiac treatment system is provided with electrodes disposed at several locations in a patient's thorax. During operation of the system, various sensing vectors can be periodically, repeatedly, or continuously monitored to select the best sensing vector for event detection and classification. A sensing vector may be selected and then used for analysis. In another embodiment, multiple vectors may be simultaneously analyzed to provide a tiered or prioritized detection scheme, or to provide a secondary check on a higher priority vector. For example, a first vector may be used as the higher priority vector, and a second vector may be used to verify that sensed with the first vector. Alternatively, ambiguity may be reduced by the use of a second vector to check on a first vector. Additional embodiments include implantable cardiac treatment systems and operational circuitry for use in implantable cardiac treatment systems which are adapted for performing these methods. Some embodiments take the form of subcutaneous implantable cardiac treatment systems.
The following detailed description should be read with reference to the Figures, in which like elements in different Figures are numbered identically. The Figures, which are not necessarily to scale, depict selected embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize that many of the examples and elements of the examples have suitable alternatives that may be utilized.
The present invention is generally related to cardiac rhythm management devices (e.g., an Implantable Cardioverter/Defibrillator (ICD) system) that provide therapy for patients experiencing particular arrhythmias. The present invention is directed toward sensing architectures for use in cardiac rhythm management devices. In particular, the present invention is suited for ICD systems capable of detecting and defibrillating harmful arrhythmias. Although the sensing architecture is intended primarily for use in an implantable medical device that provides defibrillation therapy, the invention is also applicable to cardiac rhythm management devices directed toward anti-tachyarrhythmia pacing (ATP) therapy, pacing, and other cardiac rhythm devices capable of performing a combination of therapies to treat rhythm disorders, including external devices.
To date, ICD systems have been epicardial systems or transvenous systems implanted generally as shown in
The present invention, in some embodiments, is also embodied by operational circuitry including select electrical components provided within the canister 2 (
In the system illustrated in
An alternative subcutaneous embodiment is depicted in
The subcutaneous space surrounding a patient's thoracic region is inherently curvaceous. Because the canister 30, 36 (which may include a sensing electrode) and the subcutaneous electrode system on leads 32, 38 are positioned upon this region, the electrodes, canister and lead for the ICD are rarely, if ever, planar with respect to one another. Thus various vectors may be defined to intersect the heart (H), without necessarily having to place electrodes in the heart (H).
The distance separating the canister 30, 36 and the electrodes on the leads 32, 38 is dependent on the patient's anatomy. With the configurations shown in
Subcutaneous embodiments of the present invention benefit from the ability to optimize the intra-electrode distance to maximize the sensing of cardiac electrical activity. Because subcutaneous embodiments of the present invention are not constrained by the location of electrodes within the system or within the patient's thorax, a subcutaneous system may use intra-electrode distances particularly chosen for optimizing far-field signal sensing, or may vary the sensing electrode pair during operation to optimize sensing.
Initially, the second electrode was placed laterally 0.75″ from the fixed electrode, thereby creating an intra-electrode distance of approximately 0.75″. An EKG was then observed of the cardiac electrical activity.
Subcutaneous embodiments of the present invention are not constrained by the location of electrodes to intravenous or intracardiac locations. As such, the subcutaneous system may use intra-electrode distances that are particularly chosen for optimizing far-field signal sensing. It is observed in
It is appreciated by those skilled in the art that it is desirable to obtain the highest signal amplitudes possible when sensing. Specifically, because detected cardiac electrical signals are processed to classify particular rhythms, the larger the cardiac electrical signal the greater the opportunity to correctly classify a rhythm. Some embodiments of the present invention provide an enhanced opportunity to correctly classify arrhythmias by using intra-electrode distances particularly chosen for optimizing far-field signal sensing.
Some embodiments of the present invention are further capable of choosing the most appropriate electrode vector to sense within a particular patient. In one embodiment, (referring to
Recognizing that patient anatomies vary, the present invention is not intended to be limited to purely or strictly orthogonal sensing vectors. In some embodiments, generally orthogonal sensing vectors are considered to exist when two sensing vectors create an angle such that the magnitude of the cosine of the angle is less than about 0.7. In another embodiment, the magnitude of the cosine of the angle is less than about 0.5. In a further embodiment, the magnitude of the cosine of the angle is less than about 0.3. As used herein, the phrase “the magnitude of” indicates absolute value when applied to a scalar value such as the cosine of an angle. This angular analysis is used herein because, while two vectors may define a plane, an intersection of two vectors can define a plurality of angles. Analysis in terms of cosines assures the same result regardless how the vectors are disposed with respect to one another for the purpose of determining the angles therebetween. Dealing only in first quadrant angles, the above noted values for cosines yield angles of between about 45 and 90 degrees, about 60 and 90 degrees, and about 72 and 90 degrees.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the ICD system determines the most appropriate electrode vector based on results of an operation performed on all of the sensed signals. The ICD system independently operates on all of the sensed signals received from each of the possible electrode vectors using the ICD system's detection architecture. For example, the ICD system may run all of the signals from each of the electrode vectors through a correlation waveform analysis, or a similar operation function. Specifically, the ICD system performs a correlation waveform analysis on electrode vectors v1, v2, v3 and v4 independently. The ICD system then evaluates the results from each of the independently operated-on signals. This evaluation procedure determines the electrode vectors that yield the highest quality metric for rendering a decision. Finally, the ICD system selects the electrode vector yielding the highest quality metric as the default electrode vector for continuous sensing. For example, the ICD system will select the electrode vector v3 as the default electrode vector if it yields the highest quality metric from the four electrode vectors evaluated.
In certain embodiments, the ICD system paretos (prioritizing according to the hierarchy of performance) the electrode vectors. By paretoing the electrode vectors, the ICD system may utilize alternative electrode vectors, in particular the next best performing electrode vectors, when ambiguities arise in analysis of the default electrode vector.
For certain embodiments of the present invention, the evaluation of the best electrode vectors for sensing are updated periodically by the physician. A programmer responsive to the ICD system may receive transmissions from the ICD system. Amongst others, the transmissions from the programmer characterize the cardiac activity sensed by each electrode vector. The physician may then select the optimal electrode vector for the particular patient and set that chosen electrode vector as the default. The programmer may additionally enable the physician to elect alternative schemes for instances where the signal from the default electrode vector is compromised. Additionally, the programmer may select the optimal electrode vector and elect alternative schemes automatically based on the received transmissions from the ICD system.
In yet alternative embodiments, the evaluation of the best electrode vectors for sensing is updated periodically by the ICD system, whether that decision is made a priori (e.g., by signal amplitude) or ex post facto (e.g., after operating on the unprocessed signal data). For example, initially the highest quality metric (e.g., highest amplitude signal) is sensed using electrode vector v1. Sometime after implantation, however, the ICD system may determine that the highest quality metric is experienced when sensing through the electrode vector v2. Conversely, it may be periodically determined that the best electrode vector continues to remain with electrode vector v1 during the entire life of the device.
An example of an a priori update would be one where the SNR is measured for each of several vectors over time. If a muscle artifact develops after implantation, or if a fibroid forms around one of the sensing electrodes, then the relative SNR of the several sensing vectors may change over time. If one of the sensing vectors provides a superior SNR to that of the initially chosen vector, then the later update may select a different vector.
An example of an ex post facto update would be one where a particular sensing vector is chosen for a period of time, but proves to be unsuitable for analysis, for example, due to noise artifacts. For example, if a beat validation scheme is used as explained in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/858,598 filed Jun. 1, 2004, titled METHOD AND DEVICES FOR PERFORMING CARDIAC WAVEFORM APPRAISAL, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,248,921, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, then consistent failure to capture validated beats may indicate that the chosen vector is unsuitable. Likewise, if a template formation system relies upon captured data, then a failure to capture a template meeting chosen validity criteria may indicate that the chosen vector is unsuitable. In such cases, another sensing vector may be chosen by looking at the next best sensing vector. For example, if a first vector is chosen for sensing because it has a best amplitude of sensed vectors, supposing that first vector proves to be unsuitable for template formation, then a second vector having the second best amplitude may be chosen.
The periodicity used to evaluate the best electrode vector is preferably based on whether the sensed cardiac electrical signal is ambiguous to the ICD system's detection architecture. With respect to this invention, ambiguity concerns whether the sensed cardiac electrical signal is difficult to comprehend, understand, or classify by the ICD system's detection architecture. This process is illustrated by example in
Referring now to
In the second stage 50, the sensing of the next cardiac electrical signal in time is performed through an alternative electrode vector. In some embodiments, the alternative electrode vector used for this sensing is one that is generally orthogonal to the electrode vector used to sense the previous signal. For example, if the previous cardiac electrical signal was sensed through electrode vector v1, the next cardiac electrical signal would be sensed through electrode vector v2. In alternative embodiments of the present invention, any of the remaining electrode vectors may be used to sense the next cardiac electrical signal in the second stage 50. For example, a next highest amplitude sensing vector may be chosen.
This subsequently sensed signal is then operated on by the detection architecture of the ICD system. The result of this operation is again evaluated. If the result of the operation unambiguously indicates a normal sinus rhythm from this alternative electrode vector, then the ICD system repeats the procedure and senses another cardiac signal to operate upon. In certain embodiments, subsequently sensed cardiac signals following the second stage 50 continue to be sensed through the electrode vector used for evaluation in the second stage 50. Thus in the previous example, all subsequently sensed cardiac electrical signals would be sensed using electrode vector v2. However, in particular embodiments, this is only true if the result of the second stage 50 operation unambiguously indicates a normal sinus rhythm. If the result of the second stage 50 is again ambiguous, or the operated-on signal unambiguously indicates a rhythm other than normal sinus, then future sensed cardiac electrical signals may once again be processed using the default electrode vector—here being v1.
In yet alternative embodiments, the next cardiac electrical signal following any second stage 50 evaluation is again initially sensed through the default electrode vector—for this example v1. In this embodiment, the default electrode vector is changed only after a series of unambiguous evaluations utilizing the second stage 50 and its alternative electrode vector.
The ICD device of the present invention may also sense between multiple electrode vectors continuously and/or independently of one another. This ability allows the present invention to evaluate the same cardiac electrical signal in time from numerous vector viewpoints. Additionally, this ability permits the ICD system to evaluate the best electrode vector based on observed ambiguous signals without failing to operate and evaluate each sensed cardiac signal. Specifically, a cardiac electrical signal is sensed through an electrode vector, for example, v1. The sensed signal is then operated on by the detection architecture of the ICD system. The result of this operation is then evaluated. If the result of the operation is ambiguous, or the operated-on signal unambiguously indicates a rhythm other than normal sinus, then the process enters a second stage 50.
In the second stage 50 of this embodiment, a cardiac electrical signal sensed at the same time as the sample already evaluated, but with different electrodes, is evaluated. Therefore, both the signal previously operated on and the one which is to be operated on in the second stage 50 occurred at the same time—although acquired through a different electrode vector. The sensed signal from v2 is then operated on by the detection architecture of the ICD system. The result of this operation is again evaluated. If the result of the operation unambiguously indicates a normal sinus rhythm in this second electrode vector, then the ICD system repeats the procedure and senses another cardiac electrical signal in which to operate upon.
The general ability to sense between multiple sensing vectors particularly enhances specificity for detection architectures that discriminate between arrhythmias. Specifically, sensing between multiple electrode vectors enhances specificity in discriminating the origin and type of arrhythmia. In one example of the present invention, a cardiac complex representative of normal sinus rhythm (NSR) is captured from each of electrode vector v1 and electrode vector v2, and then stored. These are stored as NSR template 1 and NSR template 2, respectively. Because electrode vectors v1 and v2 are at different angles to the heart, their respective templates may differ significantly even though they may be based upon the same cardiac events.
From beat to beat, sensed complexes may be compared to their respective NSR templates. As an example, in certain vector orientations ventricular originating arrhythmias may resemble an NSR. With ICD systems that sense only one electrode vector, some ventricular arrhythmias may not be distinguishable to a detection architecture. In the present invention, however, the chances of failing to classify a particular rhythm are reduced through the use of multiple views. In particular, although a ventricular originating arrhythmia may resemble the NSR template in one view, it would be highly unlikely that a second electrode vector would also sense the same complex as resembling its NSR template.
Ventricular originating arrhythmias often exhibit a polarity flip with relation to their NSR. If this polarity flip goes undetected because of positioning in one electrode vector, a generally orthogonally positioned second electrode vector would most likely sense such a flip when compared to its NSR template. Thus, the detection algorithm would classify the uncharacteristic complex, or series of complexes, and assess the complexes as a ventricular arrhythmia.
In one embodiment, an initial analysis of the default electrode vector captured using a default electrode pair may yield an ambiguous result. For example, if a correlation waveform analysis is performed to compare a sensed signal to an NSR template, the waveform analysis may indicate that NSR is not occurring. However, it may not be clear from the initial analysis what type of arrhythmia is occurring (for example, a supraventricular arrhythmia which does not require treatment, or a ventricular arrhythmia that does require treatment). In the illustrative example, a second level of analysis may be performed using a signal captured using different electrodes to differentiate treatable and untreatable arrhythmias. The method may then return to observing only the default electrode pair.
For the cardiac depolarization vector M, the voltage induced in the direction of electrode vector v1 is given by the component of M in the direction of v1. In vector algebra, this can be denoted by the dot product
υv1 =M·v 1
where υv1 is the scalar voltage measured in the direction of electrode vector v1.
In contrast, the electrode vector v2 in
With the ability to ascertain the cardiac depolarization vector M,
There may be patients, however, who exhibit a cardiac depolarization vector M similar to the one depicted in
As described above, sensing sensitivity depends on the orientation of the cardiac depolarization vector M with respect to the orientation of the sensing electrodes.
As noted above, correlation techniques involving template comparisons may be used in the signal analysis of some embodiments of the present invention. Such analysis may be used to discriminate certain arrhythmias and direct appropriate therapy. For example, arrhythmias that indicate treatment include monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (MVT), polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). These are arrhythmias that are considered malignant and therefore require therapy from an implantable device such as an ICD. In contrast, certain arrhythmias do not indicate treatment. For example, some supraventricular arrhythmias that may not indicate treatment include atrial fibrillation (AF), atrial tachycardia (AT) and sinus tachycardia (ST).
Referring now to Table 1, a comparison chart is depicted representing several comparison methods (outlined in detail below) and the predicted outcomes of these comparisons with various arrhythmias. Several of the methods make use of correlation waveform analysis (CWA). The arrhythmias in Table 1 include both ventricular arrhythmias requiring therapy and supraventricular arrhythmias where therapy should be withheld. Although Table 1 describes several comparison methods to aid in discriminating between arrhythmias, the present invention is not limited in terms of the scope of Table 1. Other comparison methods may be used, and are contemplated, to populate a similar table for discriminating between arrhythmias.
TABLE 1 AF AT/ST MVT PVT VF A HIGH HIGH LOW LOW LOW B LOW LOW LOW HIGH HIGH C HIGH HIGH HIGH LOW LOW D LOW LOW LOW HIGH HIGH E NARROW NARROW WIDE WIDE WIDE F LOW HIGH HIGH LOW LOW G NO YES/NO YES YES YES
Table 1 uses the following comparison methods and their corresponding definitions:
A=CWA between a sensed complex and a stored sinus template, where HIGH indicates high correlation with a stored sinus template and LOW indicates low correlation with a stored sinus template;
B=Variability in the CWA between a sensed complex and a stored sinus template, where HIGH indicates high variability within a grouping of cardiac complexes and LOW indicates low variability within a grouping of cardiac complexes;
C=CWA between a sensed complex and a template acquired after a triggering event (here, a template representative of a complex with a rate between 170 and 260 bpm), where HIGH indicates high correlation with the template acquired after a triggering event and LOW indicates low correlation with the template acquired after a triggering event;
D=Variability in the CWA between a sensed complex and a template acquired after a triggering event (here, a template representative of a complex with a rate between 170 and 260 bpm), wherein the template is dynamic and continually updated by the previously sensed cardiac complex, where HIGH indicates high variability in the CWA, within a grouping of cardiac complexes when compared to a template acquired after a triggering event and LOW indicates low variability in the CWA within a grouping of cardiac complexes when compared to a template acquired after a triggering event;
E=Comparison to a QRS width threshold value (described in detail above), where WIDE indicates QRS waveforms having greater that 35 percent of their complex laying above the width threshold value and NARROW indicates QRS waveforms having less that 35 percent of their complex laying above the width threshold value;
F=Interval rate stability of +/−30 milliseconds, where YES indicates stability within +/−30 milliseconds and NO indicates stability outside of +/−30 milliseconds; and
G=A rate acceleration event, where YES indicates a rate accelerating event and NO indicates the lack of a rate accelerating event.
Thresholds indicating whether a CWA score is “high” or “low” may be set in any suitable manner. Some examples of such analysis are shown in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/856,084 filed May 27, 2004, titled METHOD FOR DISCRIMINATING BETWEEN VENTRICULAR AND SUPRAVENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,330,157.
Certain arrhythmias in Table 1 are strongly indicated when processed through certain comparison methods. These results are unambiguous even when sensed by transvenous lead systems. An example of this phenomenon is the strong indications observed in PVT and VF arrhythmias when running comparison method A. Specifically, a sensed PVT or VF arrhythmic complex will almost always correlate poorly (score as LOW) when compared to a stored sinus template. The ambiguity in this comparison is extremely low with these arrhythmias. Thus, scoring a LOW in comparison method A lends itself to a strong indication for these two particular arrhythmias.
Table 2 shows which of the illustrative comparison methods tease out particular arrhythmias with little to no ambiguity, or alternatively, show a strong indication for the particular arrhythmia.
Certain entries in Table 1 are influenced by some ambiguity. Because Table 1 was tabulated from data observed by transvenous lead systems, these systems cannot always unambiguously discern vector information that distinguishes attributes specific to particular arrhythmias. The reason for this is that transvenous electrode systems are optimized for local information sensing, and this optimization comes at the expense of far field and vector information sensing. This relative lack of far field and vector information sensing translates to relatively frequent ambiguous sensing with certain arrhythmias, such as an atrial fibrillation that conducts rapidly to the ventricles.
The ambiguity of certain arrhythmias can be high in particular comparison methods. Table 3 shows which of the illustrative comparison methods tease out particular arrhythmias with high ambiguity and their corresponding estimate of ambiguity percentage for a transvenous approach. Table 3 shows the weak indicators for particular arrhythmias. Again, this ambiguity is primarily the result of the data propagating Tables 1-3 being observed from transvenous lead systems.
Of note, the ambiguity percentages used in Table 3, and all subsequent Tables, are educated estimations based on published studies and clinical observations. It is believed that these results are suitable for extrapolation to a larger population. However, ambiguities in the Tables exist. For example, it is estimated that about 20% of the population will contraindicate an MVT when using either comparison method A or comparison method C. For some embodiments of the present invention, these ambiguity percentages provide a tool for planning a multi-comparison methodology. By knowing the relative ambiguities of any particular comparison method, the detection enhancement operator may determine particular comparison methods more efficaciously over others when discerning particular arrhythmias.
An example of the ambiguity of certain arrhythmias when using certain comparison methods is illustrated when examining comparison method A. In illustration, in transvenous studies, although a MVT arrhythmia will generally correlate poorly (score as LOW) when compared to a stored sinus template, there is an approximately 20 percent chance that a MVT may demonstrate a high correlation and actually score HIGH using the same comparison method. Thus, the influence of these more ambiguous results is troubling when discriminating between arrhythmias, and ultimately in directing therapy. Layered analysis may aid in reducing the ambiguity. For example, layers having more than one method of analyzing data from a single sensing view, and layers analyzing data from more than one sensing view, may aid in reducing ambiguities.
The operational circuitry used in the implantable medical devices of the present invention may be configured to include such controllers, microcontrollers, logic devices, memory, and the like, as selected, needed, or desired for performing the steps for which each is configured.
In addition to uses in an ICD system, the present invention is also applicable to pacing systems. For example, in a pacing system a number of electrodes may be disposed to define several sensing vectors, and the present invention may guide the selection of and periodic updating of sensing vectors.
In one illustrative example, the present invention is embodied in an implantable cardiac treatment system comprising an implantable canister housing operational circuitry and a plurality of electrodes electrically coupled to the operational circuitry wherein the operational circuitry is configured and coupled to the electrodes to define at least a first implanted electrode pair and a second implanted electrode pair. The operational circuitry may be configured to perform the steps of capturing a first signal from the first implanted electrode pair, constructing a first template using the first signal, capturing a second signal from the second implanted electrode pair, constructing a second template using the second signal, and capturing a signal using the first and second electrode pairs and using the first and second templates to determine whether a treatable cardiac condition exists.
Numerous characteristics and advantages of the invention covered by this document have been set forth in the foregoing description. It will be understood, however, that this disclosure is, in many aspects, only illustrative. Changes may be made in details, particularly in matters of shape, size and arrangement of parts without exceeding the scope of the invention. The invention's scope is defined, of course, in the language in which the claims are expressed.
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|U.S. Classification||600/515, 607/5, 600/509|
|International Classification||A61B5/0424, A61B5/0402, A61N1/368, A61B5/024, A61N1/39, A61B5/07, A61B5/042, A61B5/0428, A61B5/046, A61N1/362|
|Cooperative Classification||A61B5/7207, A61N1/3622, A61B5/042, A61N1/3925, A61B5/0402, A61B5/0424, A61B5/076, A61B5/04288|
|European Classification||A61B5/0424, A61B5/0402, A61B5/0428H, A61B5/042, A61B5/07D, A61N1/39C, A61N1/362A2|
|May 1, 2008||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: CAMERON HEALTH, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WARREN, JAY A.;BARDY, GUST H.;REEL/FRAME:020888/0479;SIGNING DATES FROM 20041020 TO 20041027
|Nov 2, 2010||CC||Certificate of correction|
|Mar 8, 2013||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4