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Abstract and Applied Analysis
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 513206, 20 pages
On the Convergence of Absolute Summability for Functions of Bounded Variation in Two Variables
1Department of Mathematics, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
2Department of Mathematics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
Received 25 September 2012; Accepted 12 November 2012
Academic Editor: Jaume Giné
Copyright © 2012 Ying Mei and Dansheng Yu. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
By adopting some new ideas, we obtain the estimates of an absolute convergence for the functions of the bounded variation in two variables. Our results generalize the related results of Humphreys and Bojanic (1999) and Wang and Yu (2003) from one dimension to two dimensions and can be applied to several summability methods.
Let be -periodic functions integrable on . Denote its Fourier series by where the Fourier coefficients and are defined as follows:
Denoted by the th partial sums of the Fourier series (1.1), that is,
When is of bounded variation, Bojanić  obtained the following result on the rate of the convergence of approximation by .
Theorem A. If a periodic function is of bounded variation on the interval , then the following estimate holds for every and : where and is the total variation of on .
There are a lot of interesting generalizations that have been achieved by many authors (see [1–9]). Among them, Jenei  and Móricz  generalized Theorem A to the double Fourier series of functions of bounded variation; Humphreys and Bojanic , Wang and Yu  investigated the absolute convergence of Cesàro means of Fourier series.
Let be the Cesàro matrix of order , that is, where
Then, the so-called Cesàro means of order of (1.1) is defined by (denote by ):
Theorem B. Let and be -periodic functions of bounded variation on . Then for and , one has where and be the total variation of on .
However, Wang and Yu  showed that Theorem A is not correct when . In fact, they proved the following.
Theorem C. Suppose , and are -periodic functions of bounded variation on . Then for , one has and there exists a -periodic function of bounded variation on and a point such that
Motivated by Theorems B and C, and the results of Jenei  and Móricz  on the double Fourier series, we will investigate the absolute convergence of a kind of very general summability of the double Fourier series. Our new results not only generalize Theorems B and C to the double case, but also can be applied to many other classical summability methods. We will present our main results on Section 2. Proofs will be given in Section 3. In Section 4, we will apply our results to some classical summability methods.
2. The Main Results
Let be a function periodic in each variable with period and integrable on the two-dimensional torus in Lebesgue’s sense, in symbol, . The double Fourier series of a complex-valued function is defined by where the are the Fourier coefficients of :
Let be a bounded and closed rectangle on the plane. A function defined on is said to be of bounded variation over in the sense of Hardy-Krause, in symbol, , if(i) the total variation of over is finite, that is, where the supremum is extended for all finite partitions of the intervals and ;(ii) the marginal functions and are of bounded variation over the intervals and , respectively.
For any , define
For convenience, write
For any double sequence , define
For any fourfold sequence , write
Theorem 2.1. Let be a periodic function and . Assume that is a lower doubly triangular matrix satisfying
and there exist constants such that
Then for , , one has
3. Proofs of Results
Lemma 3.1 (see ). If is continuous on a rectangle and , then(i) is integrable with respect to over in the sense of Riemann-Stieltjes integral;(ii) is integrable with respect to over in the sense of Riemann-Stieltjes integral and
Lemma 3.2 (see ). If and is absolutely continuous on , that is, for some function and constant , then
Proof of Theorem 2.1. By the definition of (see (2.9)), we have
Noting that we have where in the last equality, Lemma 3.2 is applied.
By (3.7) and Lemma 3.1, we have
By (2.14), we have (Denote by and the characteristic functions of and , respectively.)
For , by the first inequality of (2.15),
Similarly, we also have
By (2.15), we deduce that
We get (2.16) by combining (3.8)–(3.12).
Proof of Theorem 2.2. Set
By Abel’s transformation, we have
Therefore, by the following well-known inequalities: , , and condition (2.17), we see that (2.15) holds with , and thus we get Theorem 2.2 from Theorem 2.1.
4.1. Cesàro’s Means
Let be the double Cesàro matrix of order with , that is, has entries
Then for , ,
For , we have where
By (4.4), we observe that
Since decreases monotonically to , converges for , and for .
On the other hand, we have
For , we have that
Similarly, we have for and for .
Theorem 4.1. Let be a periodic function and and be the double Cesàro matrix of order with . Then for , , one has
4.2. Bernstein-Rogosinski’s Means
The so-called Bernstein-Rogosinski means of Fourier series (1.1) are defined by
Now, we introduce the following Bernstein-Rogosinski means of double Fourier series (2.1):
Direct calculations yield that
Thus, can be regarded as a -transformation of Fourier series (1.1) with of entries defined as
By direct calculations, we have
4.3. Riesz’s Means
Let and be positive sequences such that ,