|Número de publicación||US4768897 A|
|Tipo de publicación||Concesión|
|Número de solicitud||US 06/805,821|
|Fecha de publicación||6 Sep 1988|
|Fecha de presentación||6 Dic 1985|
|Fecha de prioridad||8 Dic 1984|
|También publicado como||DE3444895A1, DE3444895C2|
|Número de publicación||06805821, 805821, US 4768897 A, US 4768897A, US-A-4768897, US4768897 A, US4768897A|
|Inventores||Manfred Nussbaumer, Eberhard Glaser, Eberhard Beitinger|
|Cesionario original||Ed. Z3 blin Aktiengesellschaft|
|Exportar cita||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Citas de patentes (13), Citada por (31), Clasificaciones (10), Eventos legales (6)|
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet|
The invention relates to a device for covering depositories.
Covering depositories serves several purposes. The important ones are:
Providing a site for plants and animals in accordance with reforestation measures.
Preventing surface leakage water from penetrating into the depository body.
Preventing uncontrolled emissions from the depository body into the cover soil and into the atmosphere.
These tasks are essentially fulfilled by a basic layer structure of the depository cover comprising, from the top down: (a) humus, (b) root soil, (c) a substructure for draining surface leakage water, (d) a barrier layers, (e) degasification drainage structure, and, (f) an equalization layer.
The humus and the root soil are the base for a plant cover over the depositories, while the upper drainage structure serves for preventing backwater accummulations over the barrier layer which accumulations would interfere with the growth of plants. The barrier layer performs two functions: to prevent access of water into the depository body and to prevent the escape of gases from the depository body. Gases retained by the barrier layer are removed in a large-area gas drainage structure. The gas drainage is placed on an equalization layer disposed over the storage masses proper.
In known proposals for the layer structure, the substructure for draining surface leakage water consists of a gravel filter bed up to 50 cm thick with drainage pipes, the barrier layer is made of clay with thicknesses between 0.30 and 0.80 m and the gas drainage structure comprises a coarsegrain filter gravel layer with thicknesses of up to 0.50 cm and built-in gas collecting pipes. In such proposed depository covers the drainage and barrier layers reach a total thickness of between 1.00 to approximately 1.50 m. The costs for shipping and installation are correspondingly high. Each layer must be brought in individually with, in part, heavy equipment and must be densified.
Objects of the invention are to reduce the total thickness of the drainage and barrier layers in the above-described type of depository cover, to reduce the manufacturing and installation costs and to keep the required cost for installation equipment as well as the installation times as low as possible.
The invention proposes to make at least two of the drainage and barrier layers with sandwich-type plates which can be laid out in large areas and connected to each other, with small thicknesses totalling between approximately 5 and 10 cm. In addition, the sandwich plates are connected firmly to filter stabilization layers at the boundary surfaces to the root soil, the barrier layer and/or the equalization layer. To this end, three basic types of sandwich plates are proposed in accordance with the invention.
The first type of sandwich plate includes three layers, from the top down:
I-Filter stabilization layer;
The second type of sandwich plate includes five layers from top to bottom as follows:
I-Filter stabilization layer;
V-Filter stabilization layer.
The third type of sandwich plate also includes three layers:
III-Filter stabilization layer.
In addition, combinations of the three basic structures of sandwich plates are possible. The substances removed in the drainage layes such as leakage water and depository gases can be picked up by collecting pipes and transported away for further disposal. The sandwich plates are preferably wound on rolls, laid out and connected to each other.
The second type sandwich plate, with the multiple-function of blocking and draining gas and water consists exemplarily of a filter fabric (thickness of approximately 0.1 to 1 cm), a plastic screen of HDPE (thickness of approximately 1 to 2 cm), an HDPE foil (thickness of approximately 2 to 5 mm), a plastic screen for gas drainage (thickness of approximately 1 to 2 cm) and a second filter fabric (thickness of approximately 0.1 to 1 cm). The total thickness of such multiple sandwich plate is between 5 and 10 cm. The plate is relatively flexible and light, reduces the otherwise required layer thickness by a factor of 10, can be laid out at one time, is easy to connect and substantially less expensive than corresponding prior proposed depository cover structures.
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a covering for a depository, showing a sandwich plate in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale of the sandwich plate shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view of a covering for a depository, showing another sandwich plate in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view similar to FIG. 3, showing in addition a pair of drainage pipes.
FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view of a depository covering including the plate of FIGS. 1 and 2 and yet another sandwich plate in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of a depository covering including the sandwich plate of FIGS. 3 and 4, showing a particular configuration of the plate in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a partial sectional view of a depository covering including the sandwich plate of FIGS. 1 and 2 and yet another sandwich plate in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a partial sectional view of a covering for a depository showing a further sandwich plate in accordance with the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, a sandwich plate 21.1 is included in a covering for the surface of a depository body 10. From top to bottom, the covering comprises: a layer of humus 1, root soil 2, sandwich plate 21.1, a mineral seal 7, a drainage layer for degasification 8, and an equalization layer 9 over the depository body 10. As illustrated schematically in FIGS. 1 and 7, trees 11, 11.1 and 11.2 may be rooted in soil layer 2.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, sandwich plate 21.1 consists of a filter stabilization layer 3 such as a filter fabric, a drainage layer 4 having a permeable support structure formed exemplarily by a claw mat, and a barrier layer 5 preferably in the form of an impermeable plate with impressed humps 6 for anchoring the sandwich plate 21.1 to the mineral barrier layer 7 underneath. The three layers of the sandwich plate 21.1 are firmly connected to each other via cementing or welding spots 12. The leakage water which penetrates from the surface of the depository cover into the root soil is retained by the barrier layer 5 and removed in the drainage layer 4 thereabove. The filter stabilization layer 3 prevents fine soil particles from penetrating into the drainage layer 4 and thereby ensures the permeability of the drainage layer. The free cross section of the drainage layer 4 is kept open by the support structure in the form of a screen or a claw mat, against the pressure of the soil. The thickness of the drainage layer in the unloaded state must be so great that, after the loading has taken place, sufficient free cross section area is still available for removing the surface leakage water. The overall thickness of the sandwich plate 21.1 is advantageously between 2 and 5 cm. The materials of the sand are available plastics, particularly high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The sandwich plate 21.1 is so flexible that it can be shipped to a construction site wound on a roll and can be unwound there from the roll directly onto an installation area. The relative compressibility of the support structure of the drainage layer enables a bonding of the root soil layer to the sandwich plate 21.1 with the result that sliding on the contact surface is made more difficult.
All sandwich plates in accordance with the invention are flexible so that they can largely follow without destruction changes in the geometry of the depository surface, for example, due to settling.
A sandwich plate 21.2 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 fulfills the functions of surface leakage water drainage 4, a barrier layer, and gas drainage. The sandwich plate 21.2 is structured from the top down as follows: filter stabilization layer 3, permeable support structure 4, barrier layer 5, a permeable support structure 13 and a filter stabilization layer 14. The thickness of the sandwich plate 21.2 is between 5 and 10 cm and replaces a thickness of 1.0 to 1.5 m in the conventional design of the water drainage, barrier and degasification layers. The sandwich plate 21.2 is flexible and is installed between the root soil 2 and the equalization layer 9 over the depository body 10.
For collecting and removing the surface leakage water and the depository gas, pipes 16 and 17 can be integrated into any of the sandwich plates in accordance with the invention, as shown in FIG. 4. Such collecting pipes 16 and 17 can also be connected externally to the drainage layers. Their arrangement and their dimensions must be designed according to the amount of leakage water and gas produced.
In FIG. 5, a combination of two sandwich plates 21.1 and 21.4 are shown for covering the surface of the depository body 10. Between the root soil 2 and a middle clay barrier layer 7, the sandwich plate 21.1 is built-in for surface leakage water drainage, and between the fine subgrade 9 and the clay barrier 7, the sandwich plate 21.4, which comprises two filter stabilization layers 14 and 15 and between them, the drainage layer 13 for gas removal.
As illustrated in FIG. 6, to avoid the development of inclined slide surfaces along the sandwich plate boundary surfaces, the equalization layer 9 is designed in stair-fashion and the sandwich plate 21.2 is installed thereon.
Another configuration of a surface covering with a sandwich plate in accordance with the invention is shown in FIG. 7. For removing leakage water, the sandwich plate 21.1 is arranged below the root soil 2. For removing the depository gas, a sandwich pate 21.3 is installed on the equalization layer the sandwich plate 21.3 comprising from the top down, a barrier layer 5.2, gas drainage layer 13, and filter stabilization layer 14. For controlling the impermeability of the barrier layers 5.1 and 5.2, a permeable layer 18 is disposed between the two barrier layers 5.1 and 5.2. Penetrating liquids or gases can then be removed in quantity from the permeable layer 18 via control pipes 19 and 20. It is also possible to install between the two sandwich plates 21.1 and 21.3 a further barrier layer with a mineral base (not shown) instead of the permeable layer 18.
FIG. 8 shows a further possible embodiment of the surface leakage water drainage with the sandwich plate 21.4 which consists of the following layers: filter stabilization layer 3.1, surface leakage water draining 4, filter stabilization layer 3.2. The sandwich plate 21.4 must be installed in this case on a preferably mineral barrier layer 7.
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.||405/129.9, 405/50, 405/129.7|
|Clasificación internacional||B09B1/00, E02D31/00|
|Clasificación cooperativa||B09B1/004, E02D31/004, Y02W30/32|
|Clasificación europea||E02D31/00B2, B09B1/00C|
|17 Mar 1986||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: ED. ZUBLIN AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, STUTTGART-MOHRINGEN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:NUSSBAUMER, MANFRED;GLASER, EBERHARD;BEITINGER, EBERHARD;REEL/FRAME:004537/0905;SIGNING DATES FROM 19850226 TO 19860227
|12 Nov 1991||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|27 Feb 1996||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|28 Mar 2000||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|3 Sep 2000||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|7 Nov 2000||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20000906