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Detecting drug abuse involving barbiturates such as amobarbital, butalbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, and secobarbital
Barbiturates represent a class of drugs that were originally introduced as sleep inducers. Butalbital is also used to control severe headaches. Mephobarbital and phenobarbital are frequently used to control major motor (grand mal) seizures. These drugs are commonly abused as "downers" to induce sleep after an amphetamine- or cocaine-induced "high."
BUTALBITAL BY GC-MS
AMOBARBITAL BY GC-MS
PENTOBARBITAL BY GC-MS
SECOBARBITAL BY GC-MS
PHENOBARBITAL BY GC-MS
The presence of a barbiturate in urine at >200 ng/mL indicates use of 1 of these drugs.
Most of the barbiturates are fast acting; their presence indicates use within the past 3 days.
Phenobarbital, commonly used to control epilepsy, has a very long half-life. The presence of phenobarbital in urine indicates that the patient has used the drug sometime within the past 30 days.
No significant cautionary statements.
This test is very specific for these compounds.
For chain-of-custody information, see BARBX / Barbiturates Confirmation, Chain of Custody, Urine.
Baselt RC, Cravey RH: Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man. Third edition. Chicago, IL, Year Book Medical Publishers, 1989