|Número de publicación||US5830344 A|
|Tipo de publicación||Concesión|
|Número de solicitud||US 08/677,976|
|Fecha de publicación||3 Nov 1998|
|Fecha de presentación||10 Jul 1996|
|Fecha de prioridad||22 Feb 1995|
|Número de publicación||08677976, 677976, US 5830344 A, US 5830344A, US-A-5830344, US5830344 A, US5830344A|
|Inventores||Richard Vernon Priddy, John Calvin Schmidt, John Eugene Studer, Jr.|
|Cesionario original||Environmental Technologies Group, Inc.|
|Exportar cita||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Citas de patentes (21), Citada por (10), Clasificaciones (8), Eventos legales (5)|
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet|
The present invention is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/392,364 filed Feb. 22, 1995, now Pat. No. 5,554,268, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein in its entirety.
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for detection of metals in water, blood, or any other liquid and more particularly, to a portable disposable sensor which can be used even by non-technical personnel in the field for accurate measurement of levels of metals in water (or any other liquid) samples.
It is known that the presence of even very low levels of certain metals in water consumed in everyday life of people, in agriculture and for other purposes, is a significant factor causing serious health problems throughout the world. The metals may contaminate water, milk and juices, enter blood streams of human and animal bodies as the result of environmental pollution and because of natural reasons.
Metal analysis usually involves sophisticated and expensive equipment. This equipment is difficult to use in the field, because the instrumentation required is large and delicate, and the analysis requires precise measurement and mixing of numerous types of liquid without contamination.
Usually, water, blood and other liquid samples are transported from sample locations to a laboratory to be subjected to the analysis. Since a significant amount of time may elapse during the transportation of the water (or any other liquid) sample to the laboratory, the sample characteristics may change as a result of precipitation, absorption, and/or contamination during this period.
Besides, a delay between the time of taking a blood sample until the results from the lab are received, are undesirable in emergency situations.
Therefore, devices for metal analysis in liquids which would lend themselves to fast, convenient and accurate measurements by relatively untrained personnel are needed.
Concerned institutions and individuals are continually looking for economical, accurate and simple-to-use solutions for trace metal analysis in the field.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,336,121 describes a disposable for measuring electrochemical activity of a liquid. The disposable contains an electrolyte in a frangible ampoule, and relies on potentiometric detection of analytes.
Several problems are associated with this '121 patent:
the potentiometric technique has insufficient sensitivity for measuring parts per billion (ppb) levels of most metals in drinking water, blood, and many other fluids; and
the arrangement is somewhat complicated and requires a separate capillary to measure the fluid, and means for control the temperature and for prevention of exposure the sample to oxygen.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,445,965 describes an apparatus for detection of nutrients and contaminants in a liquid sample, which is especially suitable for the detection of heavy metal contaminants, such as lead, in drinking water. The sample is placed into a container which is then capped with a cap assembly which contains crushable reagent containers. As the cap is tightened, the crushable capsules release reagent which reacts with the substance to be detected, causing a detectable color change. The level of the substance in the sample correlates with the color change which can be quantitated by reading the reaction product in a spectrophotometer, or by comparing to known standards.
As well as most calorimetric methods, the '965 patent does not provide sufficient accuracy for ppb metal detection.
Besides, no means to automatically measure the fluid sample is suggested, that causes additional sample manipulations which may result in sample contamination and inaccurate results.
U.S. Pat. No. Re 32,920 discloses an electrochemical testing system including a complex rotating electrode for the stripping analysis of ppb levels of metals in fluids used by skilled technical personnel in a laboratory.
Disadvantageously, a small number of calorimetric kits are available which can be used in the field by relatively untrained personnel to measure the concentration of a single metal, and no kits are available which allow measurement of several metals simultaneously.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an inexpensive and simple-to-use apparatus and method for accurate and fast metal analysis.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a disposable sensor which can be used even by non-technical personnel for determining the concentration of one or several metals in a water (or any other liquid) sample directly in the sample location (or in the field).
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a disposable sensor which may be disposed in engagement with the monitoring device (reader), and which contains pre-mixed reagent, automatically meters the proper volume of a water (or any other liquid) sample and automatically mixes the solutions, thereby avoiding any possible foreign contaminations.
The present invention finds its particular utility as a disposable sensor working in combination with a monitoring device for metal analysis.
According to the teachings of the present invention, the disposable sensor comprises a plastic housing including a first section, a second section, and a flexible intermediate section therebetween. An ampoule, containing a reagent, is disposed in the intermediate section, and may form a liquid seal between the first and second sections. Alternatively, the liquid seal may be formed by a thin membrane above the ampoule. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that in lieu of an ampoule (usually made of glass), a thin bag, pouch, or thin molded section (containing a reagent and which can be ruptured by flexing the disposable sensor) may be used. The water (or any other liquid) sample is disposed in the first section, and an electrode assembly is disposed in the second section. When the intermediate section of the housing of the disposable sensor is flexed to break the ampoule and the seal is broken between the first and second sections, the water (or any other liquid) sample mixes with the reagent and flows into the second section containing the electrode assembly. The electrode assembly may be disposed in engagement with the monitoring device to determine the concentration of the metal in the water (or any other liquid) sample.
The first section of the housing also includes a top cavity for measuring the water (or any other liquid) sample. Funnel shaped walls surround the top cavity. An upper edge of the funnel shaped walls comprises one or more side notches spaced apart along said upper edge. Once the water (or any other liquid) sample is poured into the top cavity, a top cap removably secured to the first section, forces excess water (or any other liquid) out of said notches, such that the top cavity contains the sample of a predetermined volume.
The intermediate section of the housing includes side walls having a series of annular ribs spaced apart longitudinally. The annular ribs provide additional flexibility to the intermediate section of the housing to facilitate breaking of the frangible ampoule while flexing the housing along its longitudinal axis.
The second section of the housing has a lower chamber for receiving a mixture of the water (or any other liquid) sample and the reagent. The electrode assembly includes a first portion secured within the lower chamber, and a second portion, such that once the first portion of the electrode assembly is immersed into the mixture of the liquid sample and the reagent, the electrode assembly emits an electrical signal corresponding to the concentration of the metal in the sample (once a proper electrical potential is supplied from the monitoring device to the electrode assembly).
The second portion of the electrode assembly protrudes externally from a lower edge of the second section of the housing to engage the monitoring device. A protective cap is removably secured to the lower edge of the second section of the housing, such that when the protective cap is removed, the second portion of the electrode assembly may engage the monitoring device. The monitoring device reads the emitted signal, and the concentration of the metal in the water (or any other liquid) sample determined by the monitoring device is displayed by a display of the monitoring device.
In an alternative embodiment, the housing includes a molded plastic part extending within the housing substantially through the intermediate section and the second section of the housing. A narrow space left between the molded plastic part and a side wall of the housing serves to secure the ampoule in the proper orientation. A slot is formed in the lower end of the molded plastic part such that the electrode assembly is secured within said slot.
Viewed in another aspect, a disposable sensor comprises at least one electrode assembly, a cylindrical housing secured to said at least one electrode assembly by a lower end, and a cap removably secured to a top end of the cylindrical housing. The top end of the cylindrical housing has a plurality of circumferentially-spaced metering holes. The cap has a cylindrical sleeve and a top surface. A plurality of holes are disposed across the top surface of the cap. An ampoule, containing a reagent, is disposed above the top surface of the cap and is secured to the cap by a flexible cover. When water (or any other liquid) sample is poured in the housing and the cap is secured to the housing, the cylindrical sleeve on the cap seals the metering holes in the housing. The flexible cover may be flexed to break the ampoule, such that the reagent is forced into the housing through said holes in the top surface of the cap, and such that the liquid sample mixes with the reagent in the housing. The electrode assembly may be disposed in engagement with the monitoring device to determine the concentration of said at least one metal in the water (or any other liquid) sample.
These and other objects of the present invention will become apparent from a reading of the following specification taken in conjunction with the enclosed drawings.
FIG. 1 is a pictorial view showing analysis conducted in the field.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a disposable sensor of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is another perspective view of the disposable sensor of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a side view of the disposable sensor of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the disposable sensor of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a top view of the disposable sensor of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the disposable sensor of the present invention.
FIGS. 8-11 show the steps of a metal analysis in sequence.
FIGS. 12 and 13 show another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is another embodiment of disposable sensor of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is an enlarged partial perspective view of a top section of the sensor shown in FIG. 14.
FIG. 16 is an exploded perspective view of yet another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the sensor shown in FIG. 16.
Referring to FIGS. 1-11, a disposable sensor 10 comprises a plastic housing 11 which has three sections: a first (or top) section 12, a second (or lower) section 13, and an intermediate section 14 connecting the top section 12 and the lower section 13. An ampoule 15 is held in the intermediate section 14. The ampoule 15 contains a reagent 16 which is pre-mixed to form a solution with a water sample or any other liquid sample 17 poured into the top section 12 of the housing 11. The liquid sample, besides water, can be a blood sample, a milk sample, a juice sample, etc. The ampoule 15 forms a liquid seal between the top section 12 and the lower section 13.
Alternatively, the liquid seal may be formed by a plate which is dislodged as shown in FIG. 12 (discussed below), or by a thin membrane above the ampoule which is ruptured as shown in FIG. 13. A typical reagent for the measurement of lead, cadmium and copper in water includes dilute hydrochloric acid (0.02 Molar) and dilute sodium chloride (0.80 Molar) in water.
A top cap 18 is secured to the top section 12 of the housing 11 by a living hinge 19.
The top section 12 has a top cavity 22 which has a funnel shape for easy pouring of the water (blood, etc.) sample 17 and is surrounded by funnel shaped walls 23. One or more side notches 24 is disposed at an upper edge 25 of the funnel shaped walls 23. When the liquid (water, blood, etc.) sample 17 is poured into the top cavity 22 and the top cap is closed, any excess water (or other liquid), being squeezed by the top cap 18, runs out the notches 24. The top cavity 22 is designed and dimensioned in such a manner, that the disposable sensor 10 always containing the proper volume of fluid after it is filled.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, that the pair of notches 24 may be replaced by at least one side opening performing the function of running the excess liquid out, so as the sensor 10 contains the liquid sample of the predetermined volume.
In the alternative embodiment, best shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the first section 12 of the housing 11 includes a separate top portion 20 having a top cavity 22 for receiving and holding the liquid sample 17 to be analyzed. This piece of plastic 20' serves as a bottom of the separate top portion 20 and provides liquid sealing. When the liquid sample 17 is poured into the top cavity 22 of the separate top portion 20 and the top cap 18 is closed (as shown in FIG. 12), the separate top portion 20 is screwed down, and a piercing point 56 ruptures the plastic 20' (as shown in FIG. 13). Thereby, the liquid flows down, and may be mixed with the reagent. In this embodiment, the fluid seal is provided above the ampoule, and fluid seal around the ampoule is not required. Means including a molded plastic part is located within the housing to provide a proper orientation for the ampoule.
In another alternative embodiment, as best shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the plastic 20' is a rigid disk. In this embodiment, the disk is dislodged when the top portion 20 is screwed down, and the liquid sample flows down when the disk is dislodged.
The intermediate section 14 of the housing 11 has a series of annular ribs 26 spaced apart longitudinally along side walls 27 of the intermediate section 14 (as best shown in FIGS. 1-5 and 8-13) and internal longitudinal ribs 58 spaced apart circumferentially inside the side walls 27 of the intermediate section 14 (as best shown in FIGS. 12 and 13). Preferably the internal longitudinal ribs 58 extend the length of the intermediate section 14.
The internal longitudinal ribs 58 hold the ampoule 15 in place in a proper orientation with an electrode assembly 28 comprising a series of electrodes 38 on a non-conductive substrate 39, as best shown in FIGS. 3, 5, 11 and 12. The annular ribs 26 provide additional flexibility to the intermediate section 14 of the housing 11 to facilitate breaking of the ampoule 15 while flexing the housing 11.
Alternatively, the ampoule can be replaced with a thin bag, pouch, or thin molded section, all of which can be ruptured by flexing the disposable sensor.
The lowest section 13 of the housing 11 has a lower chamber 30 for receiving the water (or any other liquid) sample 17 mixed with the reagent 16 when the ampoule 15 is broken. A first portion 31 of the electrode assembly 28 is secured within the lower chamber 30 by means known by those skilled in the art. A second portion 32 of the electrode assembly 28 protrudes externally from a lower edge 33 of the second section 13 of the housing 11 to engage the monitoring device 34.
A protective cap 35 is removably secured to the lower edge 33. When the disposable sensor 10 engages the monitoring device 34, the protective cap 35 is removed and the second portion 32 of the electrode assembly 28 is inserted into the receiving portion 36 of the monitoring device 34.
The electrode assembly, as discussed above, comprises a series of electrodes 38 on a non-conductive substrate 39, as best shown in FIG. 5.
The monitoring device 34 may operate the disposable sensor 10 by any means known to those skilled in the art, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,292,423, and including voltametry, stripping voltametry, potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA), and biosensors.
The electrical signal may be emitted during the supplying of the proper electrical potential or after the electrical potential is applied, depending on the type of analysis being conducted.
Referring now to FIGS. 8-11, in order to conduct an analysis of the water (or any other liquid) sample 17, a technician should perform the following steps:
1. remove the top cap 18 in order to open the top cavity 22 and to pour the liquid sample 17 into the top cavity 22 (FIG. 8);
2. close the top cap 18, thereby the cover portion 21 of the top cap 18 presses the meniscus on the upper surface of the liquid sample 17 and squeezes out any excess thereof through the side notches (or openings) 24 (FIG. 9);
3. flex the ribbed intermediate section 14 along the axis of the sensor 10 (FIG. 10), thereby breaking the ampoule 15 and breaking the seal between the top section 12 and the lower section 13 of the housing 11. The liquid sample 17 mixes with the reagent 16 and flows into the second (lower) section 13 containing the electrode assembly 28 to fill the lower chamber 30;
4. remove the protective cap 35 and to dispose the disposable sensor 10 in engagement with the monitoring device 34, such that the second portion 32 of the electrode assembly 28 is inserted into the receiving portion 36 of the monitoring device (FIG. 11);
5. activate the monitoring device, which automatically applies the proper potential to the electrode assembly 28 (the monitoring device reads the emitted signal by the electrode assembly 28 and converts it to a concentration of the metals, which is displayed);
6. read the concentration of the metal shown by the display 37.
Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 14 and 15. The disposable sensor 10 includes a plastic housing 11 having the first section 12, the second section 13 and the intermediate section 14, wherein the ampoule 15 with the reagent 16 is held. The plastic housing 11 is a self-metering tube (SMT) having a molded plastic part 40, which includes a slot 41 in its lower end 42, such that the electrode assembly 28 can slide through the slot 41. In the first (or upper) section 12 of the housing 11, fluid level holes 43 for excess liquid to flow out are disposed. In order to conduct the analysis, it is necessary to perform the following steps:
1. remove the top cap 18;
2. pour the liquid sample into the top of the tube until the water flows out the fluid level holes 43;
3. if the tube does not fill completely due to trapped bubbles, to tap it gently dislodge the bubbles and add additional sample until the liquid sample flows out the fluid level holes 43;
4. replace the top cap 18;
5. squeeze the tube until the ampoule 15 is broken;
6. shake the tube for 5 seconds to mix the reagent 16 and the liquid sample 17;
7. insert the electrode assembly's electrical connector (second portion 32) into the receiving portion 36 of the monitoring devices 34, and activate the monitoring device 34.
This embodiment has most of the advantages of the disposable sensor 10 shown in FIGS. 1-11.
Shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the disposable sensor 44 (or a self-metering vial), consists of two parts: an electrode assembly 45 and a reagent cap 46.
The electrode assembly 45 consists of a pair of electrodes 59 on a non-conductive substrate 47. A tube 48, containing metering holes 49, is attached over the electrode assembly 45. The water (or any other liquid) sample is poured into the top 50 of the tube 48. The water (or any other liquid) fills the tube 48 until it reaches the holes 49 after which any excess liquid spills out the holes 49.
The reagent cap 46 contains an ampoule 51 filled with the reagent currently used to measure cadmium, lead, and copper. The ampoule is secured to the cap 46 by a cover or "reagent bubble" 57. Four holes 52 in the cap 46 under the ampoule 51 allow the reagent to flow into the vial 44 and mix with the liquid sample. Another hole 53 near the edge of the cap 46 is covered with Gore-Tex®, and acts as a vent. The height of the cap 46 forms a seal over the vial holes 49, and prevents solution from escaping the vial 44 during mixing of the solution.
The following steps serve as an example of how this disposable sensor might be used:
1. remove the reagent cap 46 from the vial 44;
2. hold the electrode assembly surface parallel to the ground. Pour liquid sample into the top 50 of the vial 44 until it flows out of all five holes 49;
3. place the reagent cap 46 on the top 50 of the vial 44;
4. crush the reagent ampoule 51 and press the plastic ampoule cover flat 57, so all of the reagent is forced into the vial 44;
5. shake the electrode-cap assembly for 15 seconds to mix the liquid sample and the reagent;
6. turn the reader 34 on and wait for the reader 34 to indicate that it is ready. Insert the end 55 of the electrode assembly 45 into the reader, and push the start button on the reader 34;
7. record the result, which will be displayed on the LCD 37 of the reader;
8. remove the electrode-cap assembly from the reader.
The self-metering disposable sensor shown in FIGS. 16, 17 have several advantages. First, they are easier to use than any known systems. Their use involves fewer steps, since there is no need to measure the liquid sample. Second, the reagent cap design permits complete mixing and is versatile. By flattening the "reagent bubble", all of the reagent is forced into the vial to mix with the liquid sample. The "reagent bubble" could hold the reagent in glass ampoules, plastic ampoules, plastic sacks, or a pill. Third, SMV disposables are relatively inexpensive to manufacture.
Several electroanalytical schemes, including voltametry, stripping voltametry, potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA), and biosensors can be used in conjunction with the disposable sensor 10 of the present invention.
Obviously, many modifications may be made without departing from the basic spirit of the present invention. Accordingly, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced other than has been specifically described herein.
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.||205/775, 204/434, 205/789.5, 204/400, 204/409|
|12 Ene 1998||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES GROUP, INC., MARYLAND
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PRIDDY, RICHARD V.;SCHMIDT, JOHN C.;REEL/FRAME:008907/0958
Effective date: 19980108
|4 Feb 1998||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES GROUP, INC., MARYLAND
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:STUDER, JOHN E., JR.;REEL/FRAME:008995/0420
Effective date: 19980202
|21 May 2002||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|4 Nov 2002||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|31 Dic 2002||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20021103