There's several sides to this that deserve a mention. The first is to understand what a 301 redirect means in the first place.
301 - Permanently Moved. Update your links/index to use the new URL instead as the old one you used is no longer valid and never again will be.
It means that anyone linking to the old URL is supposed to update and use the new one. It is therefore perfectly valid thinking to assume any link that doesn't update appropriately is a 'dead' page, abandoned, not maintained, and thus not worthy of counting as a currently relevant link. Google used to believe, despite what the protocol always said, that old links were still worth counting. Now they don't.
I still see a much wider problem, even today, of sites built where they serve a 302 redirect to a 404 page ...
302 - Temporarily Moved. Please do not change the address for your links/bookmarks/index as this move is only temporary and this URL will become valid again. The URL you used, that redirected, is the preferred and proper one, and this redirect is just a temporary thing to ignore.
This one means that the link used, despite the redirect currently there, is the right and proper and preferred URL. Keep it in the index, and don't bother adding the page we redirected you to, as its just a temporary re-route.
Sites that serve 302 redirects to an error page are the easiest soft-target for negative SEO. Just build links to hundreds of nonsense URLs that should go to a 404 on their site, and their unthinking 302 response says they are all valid, but then serve identical duplicate content (the 404 page without the actual 404 header response it is named for). Can bowl a site out of the SERPs in a week.