A vaccine against Malaria, developed at Oxford University’s Jenner Institute, has shown promising results in its first field trial. The results are published today in journal Science Translational Medicine.
Following a trial in Kenya, the vaccine was found to be 67% effective against infection with Plasmodium falciparum, one of the parasites known to cause Malaria. A safe and effective malaria vaccine would reduce the huge social and economic burden that malaria imposes every year.
The researchers used what is known as a T cell-inducing vaccination strategy among adults living in a malaria-endemic area in Kenya. It uses the recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus 63 (ChAd63) and the modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA), both encoding the malaria antigen ME-TRAP (multiple epitope string and thrombospondin-related adhesion protein) to stimulate the body’s immune system to produce particular disease-fighting cells (known as T cells) to protect the body from malaria.
The phase II clinical trial was conducted at the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) field site located in Junju, Kilifi County, Kenya. Healthy adult male volunteers were randomly allocated to vaccination with either the T cell–inducing vaccine candidates or a control vaccine. Antimalarials were given to clear parasites from the blood and frequent blood tests were done to identify new infections with the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The authors found that the volunteers receiving the T cell-inducing vaccine had a 67% reduction in the risk of malaria infection during 8 weeks of follow-up.
Professor Adrian Hill, Director of the Jenner Institute at the University of Oxford said: "This is an exciting and very positive result with this new type of malaria vaccine that targets the parasite in the liver by inducing protective T cell responses. Such high efficacy in this first field trial is encouraging for further testing in children and infants who most need a malaria vaccine."
Professor Philip Bejon, Executive Director of the KEMRI - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya said: "This promising result will lead to larger scale trials by the Consortium in several populations. This demonstrates clearly the potential of these new viral vectored vaccines and identifies a rapid new means of demonstrating vaccine efficacy against infection in field trials."
This clinical trial was funded by the Malaria Vectored Vaccines Consortium (MVVC), a five year project set up with the aim of integrating capacity-building and networking in the design and conduct of phase I and II clinical trials of viral vectored malaria vaccine candidates in East and West African adults, children, and infants. The overall objective of the project is to develop a safe, effective and affordable malaria vaccine for use by the malaria endemic populations of the world.
This clinical trial follows a series of studies conducted by MVVC partners in sub-Saharan Africa to assess safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of the viral vectored vaccine candidates. Dr Odile Leroy, Executive Director of the European Vaccine Initiative, Germany and coordinator of the MVVC project, said: "This is a great achievement for the MVVC consortium and opens new avenues for innovative and promising vaccine combination strategies."
The report of the trial, Prime-boost vaccination with chimpanzee adenovirus and modified vaccinia Ankara encoding TRAP provides partial protection against Plasmodium falciparum infection in Kenyan adults, is published in Science Translational Medicine.
The MVVC Consortium consists of the following partners: European Vaccine Initiative, Germany; University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Vienna School of Clinical Research, Austria (until January 2013); ReiThera s.r.l, Italy; Centre National de Recherche et Formation sur le Paludisme, Burkina Faso; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya; Medical Research Council Gambia, The Gambia; Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Senegal and the collaborator GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Belgium.
MVVC is funded by the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP). The total funding provided by EDCTP is €6,500,000 (around £4.9 million). This is matched by co-funding from European member states: Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research (BM.W_Fa), Irish Aid, Medical Research Council UK (MRC UK) and Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) and contributions from the project partners. The total budget is €9,500,000 (around £7.1 million).