John and Jim are identical twins, reared in different homes after their birth, due to the death of their parents. They are nineteen years of age and have personalities that differ sharply from each other. The reason for this difference in personality is most likely due to
cross sectional study
Dr. Jones wants to see if a person's IQ changes as they get older. To do this he takes three groups of subjects. Group I is made up of 10 year olds, Group II of 15 year olds, and Group III of 25 year olds. Dr. Jones tests all three groups for their IQ level. The design of this experiment is called
high levels of parental control and low levels of parental responsiveness.
Two characteristics of authoritarian parents are that they demonstrate:
O blood type
John's mother has light hair and O blood type (both are recessive). His father has dark curly hair (both dark and curly are dominant). In addition, John's father has O blood type. From this information alone, we can say for sure that John has
a cross-sectional research design
Tucker is a graduate student who is studying identity formation. He selects a group of 5-year-olds, a group of 10-year-olds, and a group of 15-year-olds, and interviews each group, asking them what they plan to be when they finish school. In this example, Tucker is using
a longitudinal research design
Jade is a graduate student who is studying the way in which selective attention develops during the preadolescent years. She selects a group of 10-year-olds, and she assesses their selective attention every six months over a two-year period. In this example, Jade is using
The corrupt behavior of many ordinary people who served as Nazi concentration camp guards best illustrates that immorality often results from:
slightly advanced language skills and an increased rate of aggressiveness.
An ongoing study of 1100 children in 10 American cities has found that those who had spent the most time in day care facilities had:
fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence
The ability to learn a new computer software program is to ________ as knowledge of state capitals is to ________.
Mary is blond with blue eyes and curly hair. She also has A blood type and dark skin. This is a description of Mary's
decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus to which one is repeatedly exposed.
Habituation refers to the:
their marriage will have a higher-than-average probability of ending in divorce.
After living together for a year, Sylvia and Yefim have decided to marry. Research on premarital cohabitation most strongly suggests that:
were incapable of mating upon reaching sexual maturity.
Harlow observed that most monkeys raised in total isolation:
Even though smoking marijuana would reduce the pain associated with her chronic medical condition, Juanita believes it would be morally wrong because it is prohibited by the laws of her state. Kohlberg would suggest that Juanita demonstrates a(n) _______ morality.
If research suggested that a pregnant mother's use of an artificial sweetener caused harm to the fetus, the artificial sweetener would be considered a(n):
Studies of monkeys raised with artificial mothers suggest that mother-infant emotional bonds result primarily from mothers providing infants with:
Dr. Janczak wants to study the effects of poverty on one's self concept To do this he interviews a group of subjects from the inner city once every five years for a period of 30 years. This experiment is an example of what type of study?
Little Karen will approach and play with unfamiliar animals only if her mother first reassures her that it is safe to do so. This best illustrates the adaptive value of:
Abner, a 70-year-old retired teacher, feels that his life has not been of any real value or significance. According to Erikson, Abner has failed to achieve a sense of:
sensorimotor period of cognitive development
When Teresa's mother hides her favorite doll under a blanket, Teresa acts as if it no longer exists, and she makes no attempt to look for it. Based on this information, you can infer that Teresa is in Piaget's
she lacked language skills for organizing her early life experiences.
Four-year-old Karen can't remember anything of the first few months of her life. This is best explained by the fact that:
A child who knows how to tie shoelaces would probably find it relatively easy to learn how to tie a bow. Piaget would call this thinking process
female ovaries; deepened male voice
Primary sex characteristics are to ________ as secondary sex characteristics are to ________.
The Russian psychologist Vygotsky suggested that children's ability to solve problems is enhanced by:
Despite huge legal costs and social disapproval, Mr. Lambers refuses to pay income taxes because his conscience will not allow him to support a government that spends billions of dollars on military weapons. Mr. Lambers' reasoning best illustrates Kohlberg's ________ stage.
Those who believe emotions are inherited or inborn say that the infant begins with the emotion of
Jane has decided to try a different restaurant. Instead of going to McDonalds like she usually does, she decides to go to Burger King. Jane figures the two places are similar. According to Piaget, to Jane this new experience is an example of
Instead of happily exploring the attractive toys located in the pediatrician's waiting room, little Sandra tenaciously clings to her mother's skirt. Sandra most clearly shows signs of:
When placed in strange situations without their artificial mothers, Harlow's infant monkeys demonstrated signs of:
Sixteen-year-old Krystal thought that all she needed to do to earn an "A" was show up for class and pay attention, like she had in junior high. In her first year of high school she got Cs in all her classes because she didn't study enough. The change in Krystal's understanding of what is necessary to succeed in school illustrates the process that Piaget referred to as
zygote and finally develops into a fetus.
During the course of successful prenatal development, a human organism begins as a(n):
According to Kohlberg, morality based on the avoidance of punishment and the attainment of concrete rewards represents a(n) ________ morality.
Critics of Kohlberg's theory of moral development have suggested that postconventional morality is more characteristic of ________ than of ________.
does not yet understand conversation
Patricia is upset because she is convinced that her brother has a bigger piece of cake than she does. Her dad quickly slices Patricia's piece of cake in two and tells her that she now has "more" cake. If Patricia calms down and is convinced that she does have more cake than her brother, it would suggest that she
When you go over to visit your friend's new baby, your friend exclaims, "Watch this! Every time I touch his cheek, he turns his mouth towards my finger!" Because you've taken psychology, you know that this phenomenon is called the ______ reflex.
theory of mind
Five-year-olds who were surprised to discover that a Band-Aids box contained pencils subsequently delighted in anticipating their friend's false belief about the contents of the box. This best illustrates that the children had developed a(n):