Is the Onslaught Making Us Crazy?
Dokoupil, Tony, Newsweek
Byline: Tony Dokoupil
Before he launched the most viral video in Internet history, Jason Russell was a half-hearted Web presence. His YouTube account was dead, and his Facebook and Twitter pages were a trickle of kid pictures and home-garden updates. The Web wasn't made "to keep track of how much people like us," he thought, and when his own tech habits made him feel like "a genius, an addict, or a megalomaniac," he unplugged for days, believing, as the humorist Andy Borowitz put it in a tweet that Russell tagged as a favorite, "it's important to turn off our computers and do things in the real world."
But this past March Russell struggled to turn off anything. He forwarded a link to "Kony 2012," his deeply personal Web documentary about the African warlord Joseph Kony. The idea was to use social media to make Kony famous as the first step to stopping his crimes. And it seemed to work: the film hurtled through cyberspace, clocking more than 70 million views in less than a week. But something happened to Russell in the process. The same digital tools that supported his mission seemed to tear at his psyche, exposing him to nonstop kudos and criticisms, and ending his arm's-length relationship with new media.
He slept two hours in the first four days, producing a swirl of bizarre Twitter updates. He sent a link to "I Met the Walrus," a short animated interview with John Lennon, urging followers to "start training your mind." He sent a picture of his tattoo, TIMSHEL, a biblical word about man's choice between good and evil. At one point he uploaded and commented on a digital photo of a text message from his mother. At another he compared his life to the mind-bending movie Inception, "a dream inside a dream."
On the eighth day of his strange, 21st-century vortex, he sent a final tweet--a quote from Martin Luther King Jr.: "If you can't fly, then run, if you can't run, then walk, if you can't walk, then crawl, but whatever you do, you have to keep moving forward"--and walked back into the real world. He took off his clothes and went to the corner of a busy intersection near his home in San Diego, where he repeatedly slapped the concrete with both palms and ranted about the devil. This too became a viral video.
Afterward Russell was diagnosed with "reactive psychosis," a form of temporary insanity. It had nothing to do with drugs or alcohol, his wife, Danica, stressed in a blog post, and everything to do with the machine that kept Russell connected even as he was breaking apart. "Though new to us," Danica continued, "doctors say this is a common experience," given Russell's "sudden transition from relative anonymity to worldwide attention--both raves and ridicules." More than four months later, Jason is out of the hospital, his company says, but he is still in recovery. His wife took a "month of silence" on Twitter. Jason's social-media accounts remain dark.
Questions about the Internet's deleterious effects on the mind are at least as old as hyperlinks. But even among Web skeptics, the idea that a new technology might influence how we think and feel--let alone contribute to a great American crack-up--was considered silly and naive, like waving a cane at electric light or blaming the television for kids these days. Instead, the Internet was seen as just another medium, a delivery system, not a diabolical machine. It made people happier and more productive. And where was the proof otherwise?
Now, however, the proof is starting to pile up. The first good, peer-reviewed research is emerging, and the picture is much gloomier than the trumpet blasts of Web utopians have allowed. The current incarnation of the Internet--portable, social, accelerated, and all-pervasive--may be making us not just dumber or lonelier but more depressed and anxious, prone to obsessive-compulsive and attention-deficit disorders, even outright psychotic. Our digitized minds can scan like those of drug addicts, and normal people are breaking down in sad and seemingly new ways. …