THE EVOLUTION OF THE MATHEMATICAL BASES OF THE POLISH TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS DURING RECENT 80 YEARS
P. Pedzich, M. Stankiewicz, J. Balcerzak
Warsaw University of Technology, Department of Geodesy and Cartography, Institute of Photogrammetry and Cartography
In the paper there are presented changes of mathematical bases of polish topographic maps from the first original elaboration in independent Poland to the present times. During the last 80 years, in Poland, there were used 3 reference ellipsoids and 6 national coordinate systems. In the paper the are presented "Borowa Gora" coordinate system and projection of Military Institute of Geography (introduced in 1927), "1942" coordinate system with Gauss-Krüger projection (introduced in 1953), "1965" coordinate system in 5 zones with Gauss-Krüger and quasi-stereographic projections, coordinate system and projection named "GUGiK 80", "1992" coordinate system with Gauss-Krüger projection and WGS-84 system with UTM projection (used in Poland from the middle of 90-th). These systems were used on number civil and military editions of topographic maps and it resulted in variety of currently applying cartographic materials and a number of difficulties with their utilization. In the paper there are presented basic rules of coordinate transformation between systems used on polish topographic maps and also short characteristics of these maps.