|Publication number||US7103349 B2|
|Application number||US 10/136,516|
|Publication date||Sep 5, 2006|
|Filing date||May 2, 2002|
|Priority date||May 2, 2002|
|Also published as||EP1500256A1, EP1500256A4, US20040198323, WO2003094493A1|
|Publication number||10136516, 136516, US 7103349 B2, US 7103349B2, US-B2-7103349, US7103349 B2, US7103349B2|
|Inventors||Teemu Himanen, Pasi Ylinen|
|Original Assignee||Nokia Corporation|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (13), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (8), Classifications (15), Legal Events (5)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the providing of text-based messages originating from a network entity to network terminals using speech encoding.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Due to digital cellular phone systems being optimized for speech signals and radio transmissions thereof may be subject to relative high error rates, the known transmission of text telephone originated messages using known speech transmission techniques in cellular networks is, in some cases, unsatisfactory. The received messages have an expectedly high character error rate (CER). One reason for this is that the digital cellular phones use speech coding in order to compress the signal. Since the coding is optimized for speech-like signals, text messages using the speech path of a cellular network are subject to distortion. A further problem is transmission errors and the applied error correction in digital cellular systems in poor channel conditions. The repetition of speech frames results in character errors and error propagation. Traditional text telephone modulation technique, designed years ago for the public switched telephone network (PSTN) lines, was not developed for sophisticated speech-optimized transmission channels.
For various reasons, text telephone transmission methods using the speech path are desired in view of text telephony being acknowledged as a way to make contact for emergency services. Emergency services in wireless telephones are so far only defined for speech calls. Alternating speech and text in a call is desired. A simple way to accomplish this goal without special service support (like multimedia) is alternating use of the speech channel for speech and text.
The cellular text telephone (CTM) adaptor 32, including a transmitter and receiver, supports text and voice communications using speech encoding in cellular telephone systems. The CTM adaptor may be used with the practice of the present invention in a preferred embodiment thereof as described below.
The system of
The transmitted speech encoded signal is transmitted over an air interface using encoding produced, for example, by an AMR speech coder, to a network part 34 which may be a media gateway or transcoding equipment. A speech decoder processes the encoded transmission on the speech channel and provides a PCM encoded input thereof to the CTM receiver 38 of a CTM adapter 32. The CTM receiver 38 detects whether or not text is transmitted. When text is detected by the CTM receiver 38, switch S2 is opened causing the output of text from the CTM receiver 38 to be input to a text telephone regenerator 42 which regenerates the input of text from the CTM receiver 38 into a form reproducible by text telephone 44. Text telephone 44 may be part of any network 46, including the mobile network in which text telephone 16 is resident providing text telephone support thereof. If the output from the speech decoder 36 is not detected by the CTM receiver 38 as being text, switch S2 is closed by the CTM receiver 38 and similarly, switch S4 is closed by the text telephone regenerator 42 resulting in speech being input by adder 48 into the network 46. Assuming that text is transmitted, the text is reproduced by text telephone 44 in the well-known manner. If speech is present, speech is outputted to the user by a speaker or other element (not illustrated).
The operation of the system of
The architecture of the CTM transmitter 24 and the CTM receiver 38 is described in the aforementioned TS 26.226 beginning in Section 8 thereof and therefore is not described in detail herein.
CTM works well between telephone users. However, the CTM standard does not describe a mechanism by which messages which are conventionally transmitted by telephone networks in a non-text form, such as voice, tone, or sound, are alternatively transmitted as text messages to users of text telephones. Therefore, while the prior art has a mechanism for transmitting textual messages to telephone users, there is no current mechanism which permits a message which is sent traditionally by a network in non-textual form to users of ordinary telephones to be selectively encodable as a textual message which is speech encoded and transmitted over a speech channel to users of text telephones so as to enable those users to be notified of the content of the traditional sound-based messages originating from a telephone network via textual format.
The present invention is a system, a method of transmitting messages selectively as text or non-text from an entity in a network which provides the messages to at least one terminal and the entity in the network which provides the messages to the at least one terminal. In accordance with the invention, an entity in a network, which provides messages selectively as encoded as text or in non-text form to the network, encodes the text messages in a speech encoded form. In a preferred embodiment, the invention utilizes the prior art's CTM adaptor, as described above, in the network entity selectively which provides a message in either an encoded form text by the CTM transmitter or non-text format to a speech encoder which transmits the message in speech encoded form to a text telephone terminal. The text telephone produces the message as an encoded text message or a sound-based message depending upon whether the message was generated as a text message or a non-text message. It is therefore seen that the present invention processes messages generated at the network entity as either encoded text or a non-text which contain the same information and transmits those messages in a speech encoded form over a speech transmission path or channel to a text telephone for reproduction as either text or non-text.
While a preferred embodiment of the present invention uses a CTM adapter of the prior art, it is within the scope of the invention to utilize any transmitter/encoder which formats the text into an encoded form permitting subsequent speech encoding of non-text and encoded text, e.g. PCM, with acceptable sound quality and an acceptable CER.
The present invention may be used within a single network for the transmission selectively of text or non-text messages to a terminal or between networks in which the text or non-text messages are transmitted from a first network, e.g. a home network to a second network, e.g. a visited network which contains the at least one text terminal which may be mobile.
With the invention, traditional voice, sound or tone-based network services, such as announcements, warning tones, dialing tones, etc. for users of text telephones may be generated into equivalent textual messages or sent in traditional non-text form. Each network message for text or non-text delivery must be stored in a selectable form. When a service is requested for a text telephone user, the text-based form of the aforementioned traditional messages is fetched from storage and fed to the transmitter/encoder which encodes the text message in a form which may be subsequently speech encoded and transmitted without substantial CER. Preferably the selected text message is fed to the CTM transmitter part of the CTM adapter of the prior art. The resultant CTM signal encoding the text message is then encoded as a normal speech encoded signal by a speech encoder and processed as a normal speech signal in subsequent network elements. The nature of the transmission determines the type of encoding that is used. In the circumstance where the non-text based form of the traditional messages is chosen, the non-text encoded form of the traditional message is transmitted as a normal speech encoded signal.
One implementation of the invention may be with an announcement service located in a media gateway. Each announcement, which is generated by the network, is stored both as a speech signal and as an equivalent textual format. Depending on the nature of the service request from either the text telephone user or otherwise, such as from network stored intelligence which may be obtained from a network register, such as a home location register (HLR) or a visiting location register (VLR) in a cellular network, the announcement is either encoded in the normal manner as a speech signal and transmitted to the at least one terminal for reproduction as a sound signal or as encoded text so that the subsequent encoding as a speech a signal produces a signal with acceptable CER which is transmitted to the subscriber. The selection of a transmission form of a message by a subscriber typically controls the format of the message, e.g. text or non-text, being determined by the nature of the telephone which the subscriber has, e.g. a text telephone or a normal telephone. However, in accordance with the invention, a text telephone may receive mixed messages of both text and sound depending upon circumstances, including service requirements of the subscriber.
In a preferred embodiment utilizing the CTM adapter including a CTM transmitter, the CTM adapter may be included in a media gateway to provide basic TTY service for receiving text messages, which are not generated by the network entity, while the same CTM transmitter is utilized for transmitting other textual messages generated by the network entity of the present invention.
In accordance with the invention, several methodologies may be utilized in deciding the form of a message which is to be transmitted to a subscriber, e.g. text based form or speech based form. One mechanism is to use a storage in a network, which may in a home network, a visited network or in another network, such as a HLR of a home network or a VLR of a visited network which is modified to include a specification of whether or not the subscriber is a text telephone subscriber. This information could be read from the network storage and used to determine when a particular subscriber is to be sent a network message and the form of the message, e.g., text or non-text. Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment where CTM transmission and reception is utilized, a CTM negotiation may be used to determine a trigger for deciding when to provide text based messages in accordance with TS 26.226 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Bearer Capability IE as specified by TS 24.008, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, may be used to determine whether the terminal supports text telephony. If there was no textual telephony support there would be no basis for sending text messages. The use of the CTM negotiation provides advantages in that terminals which initiate a CTM negotiation have a very high probability of requiring the actual transmission of network originated textual messages.
A system in accordance with the invention includes at least one terminal; a network containing the at least one terminal; an entity in the network which provides messages selectively as text or non-text to the network in a speech encoded form; and wherein the messages are transmitted in the speech encoded form by the network to the at least one terminal which reproduces the messages to a user thereof in either a text form or by a sound reproduction device of the at least one terminal. The network entity may use a cellular text telephone modem (CTM) to encode the text messages. The non-text messages may be voice, tones or sound. The at least one terminal may be mobile and the network may be a wireless network or the at least one terminal may be in a wireline network. The terminal may be a text telephone (TTY) terminal; and the encoded messages may be transmitted to the terminal using a speech channel. A determination of whether the network entity is to provide the messages as text messages may be obtained from information stored in the network. The information stored in the network may be in a home location register of a user of the at least one terminal or in a visiting location register of a user of the at least one terminal. Providing of messages as text to the at least one terminal may occur after a CTM negotiation has been completed by the at least one mobile terminal. Providing of messages as text may occur to the at least one terminal after bearer capability has been used to determine that the at least one terminal is to receive text messages.
A method of transmitting messages selectively as text or non-text from an entity in a network which provides the messages to at least one terminal in the network in accordance with the invention includes providing the messages selectively as text or non-text in a speech encoded form from the entity to the network; and transmitting the messages in the speech encoded from by the network to the at least one terminal which reproduces the messages to a user thereof in either a text form or by a sound reproduction device of the at least one terminal. The network entity may use a cellular text telephone modem (CTM) to encode the text messages. The non-text messages may comprise voice, tones, or sound. The at least one terminal may be mobile and the network may be a wireless network or the at least one terminal may be in a wire line network. The terminal may be a text telephone (TTY) terminal; and the speech encoded messages may be transmitted to the terminal using a speech channel. A determination of whether the network entity is to provide the messages as text messages may be obtained from information stored in the network. The information stored in the network may be from a home location register if the user is in a home network or from a visiting location register if a user of the at least one terminal is in a visiting element. Providing of messages as text to the at least one terminal may occur after a CTM negotiation has been completed by the at least one terminal which may be a mobile terminal if the network in which the terminal is located is a wireless terminal. Providing of messages as text to the at least one terminal may be after bearer capability has been used to determine that the at least one terminal receives text messages.
In a system including at least one terminal in a network, an entity in the network in accordance with the invention includes a source of messages which selectively may be chosen to be transmitted to the at least one terminal as text or non-text; and a modulator which encodes the text messages; a speech encoder which encodes the text messages and the non-text messages in a speech encoded form which are transmitted to the network; and wherein the messages are transmitted in the speech encoded form by the network to the at least one terminal which reproduces the messages to the user thereof in either a text form or by a sound reproduction device of the at least one terminal. The modulator may be a cellular text telephone modem (CTM) which encodes text messages. The non-text messages may comprise voice, tones, or sound. The at least one terminal may be mobile and the network may be a wireless network or the at least one terminal may be in a wire line network. A determination of whether the network entity is to provide the messages as text messages may be obtained from information stored in the network. The information stored in the network may be in a home location register of a user of the at least one terminal or the information stored in the network is in a visiting location register of a user of the network. Providing of messages as text to the at least one terminal may occur after a CTM negotiation has been completed by the at least one mobile terminal. Providing of messages as text to the at least one terminal may occur after bearer capability has been used to determine that the at least one terminal receives text messages.
Like reference numerals identify like parts throughout the drawings.
The text messages which are sent from the entity 104 to the text telephone 16 are stored in a text messages storage 108 and the non-text messages, which typically are the equivalent in content of the text messages, are stored in the non-text messages storage 110. The stored messages are provided selectively to the CTM adapter 32 in a manner analogous to the inputting of messages in the prior art from the text telephone 16 of
The determination of whether a message is to be sent in a text or non-text based form from the entity 104 to a text telephone 16 may be determined in different ways. One example for determining whether a message should be sent in encoded text form or non-text is by fetching stored subscriber information identifying if the subscriber has a text telephone and under what conditions use is to be made from storing subscriber information regarding services to be rendered to the user of the text telephone 16. The prior art usage of a HLR 120 is modified to include subscriber information regarding subscription to text telephone services. In the illustrated embodiment, the entity 104 may decide whether any network generated message is to be sent and further if a network generated message is to be sent, whether it is to be encoded in text form or non-text by obtaining stored information from the HLR 120 regarding the subscriber of the text telephone 16. Another alternative is to use a CTM adapter 32 in both the network entity 104 and in the text telephone 16 which permits before any CTM transmission can occur that a CTM availability negotiation be performed in accordance with TS 26.226. The network entity 104 may use the CTM availability negotiation as a trigger for deciding when to provide text based message with the understanding that if the negotiation is successful between the CTM adapter of the text telephone 16 and the network entity 104, that necessarily text services for network generated messages are desired. Another alternative, also based upon CTM availability, is to use the Bearer Capability IE specified in Technical Specification TS 24.008 which is used to determine if the text telephone 16 supports text telephony (TTY). The use of the CTM negotiation is efficient since a high probability exists that a user of the text telephone 16 negotiating CTM ability requires a text message transmission.
It is desirable for terminals in accordance with the invention to start CTM negotiation as early as possible to enable network text services. In the prior art CTM terminals start CTM availability negotiation only when text is to be transmitted. To provide for effective and efficient network text services, the terminals need to start the CTM negotiation availability as soon as a traffic channel has been allocated. This permits the network to provide text for network services, such as a busy tone, which happens very quickly.
While the invention has been described in terms of its application to mobile networks, it should be understood that the present invention is also equally applicable to wire line networks. In a wireline application, corresponding wire line network elements would be used in place of the wireless elements illustrated in embodiments 100 and 200.
While the invention has been described in terms of its preferred embodiments, it should be understood that numerous modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is intended that all such modifications fall within the scope of the appended claims.
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|U.S. Classification||455/412.1, 455/414.2, 704/200, 379/88.08, 704/208, 379/88.07, 455/412.2|
|International Classification||H04M1/725, H04M3/16, H04W4/18, H04W4/12|
|Cooperative Classification||H04M1/72547, H04W4/18, H04W4/12|
|Jul 12, 2002||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: NOKIA CORPORATION, FINLAND
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HIMANEN, TEEMU;YLINEN, PASI;REEL/FRAME:013091/0324
Effective date: 20020702
|Feb 21, 2008||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORKS OY, FINLAND
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NOKIA CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:020550/0001
Effective date: 20070913
Owner name: NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORKS OY,FINLAND
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NOKIA CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:020550/0001
Effective date: 20070913
|Mar 1, 2010||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 28, 2014||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Nov 19, 2014||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: NOKIA SOLUTIONS AND NETWORKS OY, FINLAND
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORKS OY;REEL/FRAME:034294/0603
Effective date: 20130819