|Numéro de publication||US6951681 B2|
|Type de publication||Octroi|
|Numéro de demande||US 10/734,872|
|Date de publication||4 oct. 2005|
|Date de dépôt||12 déc. 2003|
|Date de priorité||19 sept. 2001|
|État de paiement des frais||Caduc|
|Autre référence de publication||CA2460061A1, CA2460061C, EP1436094A1, EP1436094A4, US6676859, US20030059616, US20040183219, WO2003024621A1|
|Numéro de publication||10734872, 734872, US 6951681 B2, US 6951681B2, US-B2-6951681, US6951681 B2, US6951681B2|
|Inventeurs||Scott M. Hartley, Robert A. Sallavanti|
|Cessionnaire d'origine||Gentex Corporation|
|Exporter la citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Citations de brevets (17), Référencé par (110), Classifications (64), Événements juridiques (5)|
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet|
This application is a Divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/955,903 filed on Sep. 19, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,676,859.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to methods for mounting thermoplastic substrates to organic, dielectric films and the resulting optical filters. More particularly, it relates to methodologies for fusing, through a variety of industrial processes, thermoplastic substrates to dielectric films without delamination while improving optical transmission at the film's refractive boundary.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Dielectric stacks have previously been constructed by sputtering layers of inorganic (metal) oxides onto polymeric substrates. The layers alternate between high and low indices of refraction, whereby incoming light encounters a partial mirror at each new layer. By creating so-called quarter wave stacks, certain wavelengths can be destructively interfered via Bragg diffraction. These constructs possess several advantages as follows: they are intimately, optically coupled to the substrate thereby providing high transmissions; they are custom engineered for the shape and curvature of each particular part. However, numerous disadvantages exist with these constructs as follows: the labor, materials and equipment costs for manufacturing are prohibitive; the mechanical coupling of metal oxide layers onto polymeric substrates is subject to delamination from flexural stress; the differing rates of thermal expansion between the metal oxides and the polymeric substrate can also cause delamination.
Recently, dielectric stacks have been manufactured from alternating layers of polymers having high and low indices of refraction, creating organic, optical, dielectric films. Several examples of these films are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,882,774, entitled Optical Film, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference thereto. The different polymers have similar mechanical properties and melting temperature profiles allowing hundreds of layers to be stacked and stretched to control the thickness and optically tune the film. While this allows the film to be economically manufactured, a problem exists in optically coupling the film to other components, for example, an optical thermoplastic substrate. Because the delicate film is highly susceptible to delamination, melting, burning or having its desirable transmission properties altered, previous attempts to mount the film have been limited to adhesion via optical fluids or optical adhesives. While these methods are adequate, they severely reduce the film's high transmission characteristics, by providing refractive boundaries from film-to-adhesive and from adhesive-to-substrate.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to mount the film onto a substrate with structural and mechanical integrity while maintaining, or enhancing, the film's transmission characteristics.
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a variety of methods for manufacturing optical filters that incorporate organic, dielectric films.
It is a further object of the invention to provide industrial processes for fusing thermoplastic substrates to dielectric films without delamination while improving optical transmission at the film's refractive boundary.
It is yet another object of the present invention to describe criteria for selecting chemical and material properties of thermoplastics which can be effectively utilized in the film fusing methods.
It is another object of the present invention to describe criteria for thermally fusing the film to a thermoplastic substrate based on the chosen manufacturing method.
It is a further object of the present invention to describe the optical properties of the thermally fused region.
These and other related objects are achieved according to the invention by a method for optically coupling a thermoplastic material to an outer surface layer of an organic, dielectric, optical film. A dielectric film is selected that includes (i) repeating optical layers of at least two polymers having different refractive indexes from each other, (ii) an exterior film surface, (iii) a refractive boundary along the exterior film surface, and (iv) a delamination threshold based on total thermal energy delivered to the film. Next, a thermoplastic material which is miscible with the exterior film surface is selected. The thermoplastic material is fused to the refractive boundary with thermal energy below the delamination threshold to form a polydisperse region having a higher optical transmission than the refractive boundary. The molecular weight of the thermoplastic is selected so that the melting temperature range of the thermoplastic overlaps the melting temperature range of the exterior film surface.
Fusing may be accomplished by film insert molding, where the thermoplastic is simultaneously molded into a substrate and fused to the film's refractive boundary. The molten resin is held above the resin's glass transition temperature in the barrel and experiences a temperature drop as it enters the cavity to below the film's thermal delamination threshold.
Fusing may also be accomplished via laser welding where a radiation absorbing material is placed near one of the refractive boundaries and irradiating the absorbing material through the thermoplastic or the film.
Fusing may further be accomplished by extruding the thermoplastic into a substrate and bringing the film into contact with the substrate as the substrate's temperature drops below the thermal delamination threshold.
The optical filters manufactured according to the methods of the invention, may have incorporated therein, organic absorber dyes, such as a UV absorbing dye, a visible light absorbing dye, a cosmetic dye, a laser absorbing dye, a near infrared absorbing dye, and infrared absorbing dye and combinations thereof. Add-on filters in the form of hardcoat layers, anti-reflection layers, holograms, metal dielectric stacks and combinations of these may be combined with the thermoplastic-film construct.
In the drawings wherein like reference numeral denote similar components throughout the views:
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,882,774 films are stacked together to improve transmission spectra. For example, a pair of 204-layer polarizers made from alternating layers of PEN and coPEN are laminated together. More specifically, the outer coPEN layer on one polarizer is laminated to the outer coPEN layer of the other polarizer. In this instance, an optical adhesive is used: wherein the only important property of the adhesive is that it possesses a refractive index as close to the coPEN as possible. In other instances a relatively thick skin layer is formed on the exterior surface of the film. In the above example, the skin layer would be formed from PEN or coPEN. In any event, the skin layer is made from one of the polymers used in the film.
As can be seen in
Applicants attempted to bond film to substrate without the introduction of an intermediate adhesive. However, since the film contains hundreds of layers, such initial attempts were met with numerous instances of delaminating portions of the film or destroying the optical properties of the film when the film remained intact. Some of these attempts involved thermally bonding or fusing the film to the substrate. In contrast to the simple selection of a refractive-matching adhesive, successful thermal bonding required the optimization of three variables: the melt flow of the polymer; the melting temperature range of the polymer; and the miscibility of the polymer with the outer film layer. The goal of the aforesaid optimization is to thermoform a thermoplastic substrate onto a film surface without destroying the film. It is believed that the delamination threshold is a function of total heat energy delivered to the film in a manner where the heat energy penetrates into the film layers and builds faster than it can be laterally dissipated.
Thermoplastic polymers are typically graded by molecular weight and initially the selection process begins here. While the melting temperature range of a polymer correlates approximately with the molecular weight, the melt flow of the polymer correlates reciprocally with the molecular weight. The melt flow determines the ease with which the polymer can be thermoformed via mold, rollers, extrusion or other mechanical former. In addition, it determines the ease with which the polymer can be delivered to the film surface. However, a low melt flow will be present with a high melting temperature range leading to film delamination or destruction. It was determined that the melting temperature range of the polymer must at least partially overlap the melting temperature range of the outer film layer to which it will be fused.
More importantly, the film is constructed of two or more materials, which have their melting temperature ranges in numerical proximity to each other, but which are not identical. The manner in which thermoforming is performed determines the total heat energy which is delivered to the film. Applicant's discovered that the total energy delivered to the lower melting temperature range layer determines if delamination occurs, and hereby defines such phenomenon as the delamination threshold. In other words, any successful thermoforming process must limit the total heat energy delivered into the stack to below the delamination threshold.
Initial restrictions in polymer selection are as follows: the polymer is miscible with the outer film layer, the molecular weight of the polymer provides a melting temperature range that at least partially overlaps the melting temperature range of the outer film layer. Miscibility likely will require matching the polarity of the polymer to the film layer. Surprisingly, applicants discovered that at the tail end of the thermoforming process, the polymer can be brought into contact with the outer film layer causing both materials to jointly form a polydisperse layer while staying below the delamination threshold. Such polydisperse layer is characterized by a polymeric mix of the materials via polymer melting or polymer interfusing creating a continuous transition there between without intermediate mediums such as air or adhesive. The ensembles according to the invention replaces those intermediate mediums with gradual transitions thereby eliminating any finite optical boundaries. As illustrated in
Polycarbonate was maintained in the barrel at 545 to 550 degrees F., well above the film's delamination threshold. The polycarbonate was injected into the molding cavity into which the film was previously insert against a 170 degree F. mold surface. As the polycarbonate was injected into the cavity it experienced a temperature drop. The portion of the mold adjacent the gate receives the greatest amount of total heat energy and caused delamination of the film. However, portions of the mold spaced from the gate had the polycarbonate tenaciously fused or bonded to the film, and not at all prone to spontaneous or induced exfoliation. Such bonding strengths were confirmed using standardized mechanical tests.
In one test polycarbonate having an average transmission across the visible spectrum of 85% was injected and fused to a near infrared absorbing film having an average transmission across the visible spectrum of 79%. When these filters are layered, the Beer-Lambert law predicts that transmissions across the visible spectrum will experience an 85% reduction followed by a 79% reduction, wherein the total transmission is calculated as the product of the individual filters transmissions, i.e. 85%×79%=67%. The filter formed according to the invention had a 79% average transmission across the visible spectrum.
In another test polycarbonate having an average transmission of 85% across the visible spectrum was injected and fused to an ultraviolet absorbing film having an average transmission of 85% across the visible spectrum. When these filters are layered, the Beer-Lambert law predicts that transmission will experience an 85% reduction followed by another 85% reduction, wherein the total transmission is calculated as the product of the individual filters transmissions, i.e. 85%×85%=72%. The filter formed according to the invention had an 82% average transmission across the visible spectrum.
The transmission values are summarized in the following Table 1—Transmission Values (in per cent, %) at 50 nm Increments. In Table 1, column 50 lists the wavelengths across the visible spectrum at which the transmission values were obtained. Note that all values in the columns 52 through 62 are percent (%) transmission values. Column 52 indicates the transmissions at the listed wavelengths, and at the bottom of the column, average transmission of a Bayer brand water white (clear) polycarbonate substrate. Column 54 indicates the transmissions, and average transmission, of a 3M brand organic, optical, dielectric film. Column 56 indicates the Beer-Lambert expected transmission of layering the substrate on the film. Column 58 indicates the actual transmissions of the layered ensemble. This represents the light wave of
Column 60 indicates the transmissions of the polycarbonate fused to the film, according to the invention. This represents the light wave of
Transmission Values (in percent, %) at 50 nm Increments
PC * Film
At the same time that the transmission values were calculated, applicants obtained the photopic and scotopic transmission values for the polycarbonate, the film, the layered ensemble and the fused ensemble. The photopic and scotopic transmissions are equal to the individual transmissions (T) integrated over all visible wavelengths (λ) from 380 nm to 780 nm weighted by the Photopic or Scotopic Sensitivity Function values for that wavelength, namely Pλ or Sλ further weighted by the reference Illuminant curve. Typically illuminant curve C (IC) is employed as the spectrum which best simulates daylight over the visible range. Thus, the photopic or scotopic value is an integral of three products T, P and IC, over the integral of two products, P and IC. The denominator is unity since the P and IC curves represent the normalized 100% reception of available light. The formula for calculating the photopic is as follows:
The water white polycarbonate of column 52 had a % P of 87.3 and a % S of 86.7. The film of column 54 had a % P of 86.7 and a % S of 86.2. The layered ensemble had a % P of 75.7 and a % S of 74.4. These lowered % P and S values correlate to the transmission loss reflected in the expected and actual wavelength-based transmission data of columns 56 and 58. Consistent with the unexpectedly high transmission values of column 60, the molded ensemble according to the invention, had a % P of 84.9 and a % S of 82.3. These values represent a 12.2 and a 10.6% increase, respectively, over the layered values.
A radiation absorbing material was coated onto a polycarbonate flat and a film was placed over the coated surface. The ensemble was irradiated through the polycarbonate with a 940 nm diode laser operating at 50 watts with a 4 mm wide beam. The beam rastered the ensemble at 1/32 inch spacing between parallel runs. In areas where the beam overlapped a previous run, the total energy delivered to the film exceeded the delamination threshold resulting in localized destruction of the film's optical properties. In other areas the film was fixedly laminated to the polycarbonate while retaining its optical properties. It is anticipated that a more uniform irradiation than provided by rastering would provide even better results.
|Brevet cité||Date de dépôt||Date de publication||Déposant||Titre|
|US5122906||17 janv. 1990||16 juin 1992||The Dow Chemical Company||Thick/very thin multilayer reflective polymeric body|
|US5540978||11 mai 1994||30 juil. 1996||The Dow Chemical Compny||All-polymeric ultraviolet light reflecting film|
|US5882774||10 mars 1995||16 mars 1999||Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company||Optical film|
|US5965246||3 juin 1996||12 oct. 1999||Saint-Gobain Vitrage||Transparent substrates coated with a stack of thin layers having reflection properties in the infrared and/or in the solar radiation range|
|US6049419||13 janv. 1998||11 avr. 2000||3M Innovative Properties Co||Multilayer infrared reflecting optical body|
|US6080467||26 juin 1995||27 juin 2000||3M Innovative Properties Company||High efficiency optical devices|
|US6086810||12 févr. 1997||11 juil. 2000||Teikoku Tsushin Kogyo Co., Ltd.||Method of affixing synthetic resin film and molding resin|
|US6111697||13 janv. 1998||29 août 2000||3M Innovative Properties Company||Optical device with a dichroic polarizer and a multilayer optical film|
|US6157486||13 janv. 1998||5 déc. 2000||3M Innovative Properties Company||Retroreflective dichroic reflector|
|US6159608||10 août 1998||12 déc. 2000||Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation||Thermoplastic interlayer film|
|US6180033||12 nov. 1997||30 janv. 2001||Chrysalis Development Company, Llc||Method of making a finished multi-coated and/or laminated eyeglass lens|
|US6194061||25 mai 1999||27 févr. 2001||Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha||Thermoplastic laminate film|
|US6208466||25 nov. 1998||27 mars 2001||3M Innovative Properties Company||Multilayer reflector with selective transmission|
|US6210785||15 déc. 1999||3 avr. 2001||3M Innovative Properties Company||High efficiency optical devices|
|US6221304||30 juil. 1997||24 avr. 2001||Visteon Global Technologies, Inc.||Method of manufacturing a film coated article|
|US6451414 *||22 nov. 1999||17 sept. 2002||3M Innovatives Properties Company||Multilayer infrared reflecting optical body|
|US6641900 *||28 nov. 2001||4 nov. 2003||3M Innovative Properties Company||Modified copolyesters and improved multilayer reflective films|
|Brevet citant||Date de dépôt||Date de publication||Déposant||Titre|
|US7815326||19 oct. 2010||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror system|
|US7821697||9 nov. 2009||26 oct. 2010||Donnelly Corporation||Exterior reflective mirror element for a vehicular rearview mirror assembly|
|US7822543||16 mars 2010||26 oct. 2010||Donnelly Corporation||Video display system for vehicle|
|US7826123||2 juin 2009||2 nov. 2010||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicular interior electrochromic rearview mirror assembly|
|US7832882||26 janv. 2010||16 nov. 2010||Donnelly Corporation||Information mirror system|
|US7854506||21 déc. 2010||Johnson David A||Curved lenses configured to decode three-dimensional content on television and computer screens|
|US7855755||31 oct. 2006||21 déc. 2010||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror assembly with display|
|US7859737||8 sept. 2009||28 déc. 2010||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror system for a vehicle|
|US7864399||19 mars 2010||4 janv. 2011||Donnelly Corporation||Reflective mirror assembly|
|US7871169||18 janv. 2011||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicular signal mirror|
|US7888629||18 mai 2009||15 févr. 2011||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicular accessory mounting system with a forwardly-viewing camera|
|US7898398||1 mars 2011||Donnelly Corporation||Interior mirror system|
|US7898719||1 mars 2011||Donnelly Corporation||Rearview mirror assembly for vehicle|
|US7906756||23 avr. 2010||15 mars 2011||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicle rearview mirror system|
|US7914188||29 mars 2011||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror system for a vehicle|
|US7916009||29 mars 2011||Donnelly Corporation||Accessory mounting system suitable for use in a vehicle|
|US7916380||29 mars 2011||Gentex Corporation||Variable reflectance mirrors and windows|
|US7918570||15 nov. 2010||5 avr. 2011||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicular interior rearview information mirror system|
|US7926960||7 déc. 2009||19 avr. 2011||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror system for vehicle|
|US7946703||30 juin 2009||24 mai 2011||Mei 3D, Llc||Curved lenses configured to decode three-dimensional content|
|US7950798||7 janv. 2009||31 mai 2011||Mei 3D, Llc||Curved lenses configured to decode three-dimensional content|
|US7994471||9 août 2011||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror system with forwardly-viewing camera|
|US8000894||16 août 2011||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicular wireless communication system|
|US8019505||13 sept. 2011||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicle information display|
|US8044776||6 août 2009||25 oct. 2011||Donnelly Corporation||Rear vision system for vehicle|
|US8047667||1 nov. 2011||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicular interior rearview mirror system|
|US8063753||22 nov. 2011||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror system|
|US8072318||30 oct. 2009||6 déc. 2011||Donnelly Corporation||Video mirror system for vehicle|
|US8083386||28 août 2009||27 déc. 2011||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror assembly with display device|
|US8094002||10 janv. 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror system|
|US8095260||10 janv. 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicle information display|
|US8095310||10 janv. 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Video mirror system for a vehicle|
|US8100525||20 déc. 2010||24 janv. 2012||Mei 3D, Llc||Curved lenses configured to decode three-dimensional content on television and computer screens|
|US8100568||24 janv. 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror system for a vehicle|
|US8106347||31 janv. 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicle rearview mirror system|
|US8121787||15 août 2011||21 févr. 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicular video mirror system|
|US8134117||27 juil. 2011||13 mars 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicular having a camera, a rain sensor and a single-ball interior electrochromic mirror assembly attached at an attachment element|
|US8154418||30 mars 2009||10 avr. 2012||Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc.||Interior rearview mirror system|
|US8162493||24 avr. 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror assembly for vehicle|
|US8164817||24 avr. 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Method of forming a mirrored bent cut glass shape for vehicular exterior rearview mirror assembly|
|US8170748||1 mai 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicle information display system|
|US8177376||28 oct. 2011||15 mai 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicular interior rearview mirror system|
|US8179236||13 avr. 2010||15 mai 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Video mirror system suitable for use in a vehicle|
|US8179586||24 févr. 2011||15 mai 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Rearview mirror assembly for vehicle|
|US8194133||5 juin 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicular video mirror system|
|US8228588||10 déc. 2010||24 juil. 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror information display system for a vehicle|
|US8267559||18 sept. 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror assembly for a vehicle|
|US8271187||17 févr. 2012||18 sept. 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicular video mirror system|
|US8277059||2 oct. 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicular electrochromic interior rearview mirror assembly|
|US8282224||2 déc. 2009||9 oct. 2012||Gentex Corporation||Rearview mirror assemblies with anisotropic polymer laminates|
|US8282226||9 oct. 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror system|
|US8282253||22 déc. 2011||9 oct. 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Mirror reflective element sub-assembly for exterior rearview mirror of a vehicle|
|US8288711||16 oct. 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror system with forwardly-viewing camera and a control|
|US8294975||11 janv. 2010||23 oct. 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Automotive rearview mirror assembly|
|US8304711||20 janv. 2012||6 nov. 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicle rearview mirror system|
|US8309907||13 nov. 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Accessory system suitable for use in a vehicle and accommodating a rain sensor|
|US8325028||4 déc. 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror system|
|US8335032||28 déc. 2010||18 déc. 2012||Donnelly Corporation||Reflective mirror assembly|
|US8355839||15 janv. 2013||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicle vision system with night vision function|
|US8379289||14 mai 2012||19 févr. 2013||Donnelly Corporation||Rearview mirror assembly for vehicle|
|US8400704||23 juil. 2012||19 mars 2013||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror system for a vehicle|
|US8419181||24 avr. 2012||16 avr. 2013||Mei 3D, Llc||Curved lenses configured to decode three-dimensional content|
|US8427288||23 avr. 2013||Donnelly Corporation||Rear vision system for a vehicle|
|US8430505||30 avr. 2013||Mei 3D, Llc||Curved lenses configured to decode three-dimensional content|
|US8462204||1 juil. 2009||11 juin 2013||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicular vision system|
|US8465162||18 juin 2013||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicular interior rearview mirror system|
|US8465163||8 oct. 2012||18 juin 2013||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror system|
|US8503062||27 août 2012||6 août 2013||Donnelly Corporation||Rearview mirror element assembly for vehicle|
|US8506096||1 oct. 2012||13 août 2013||Donnelly Corporation||Variable reflectance mirror reflective element for exterior mirror assembly|
|US8508383||26 mars 2012||13 août 2013||Magna Mirrors of America, Inc||Interior rearview mirror system|
|US8511841||13 janv. 2011||20 août 2013||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicular blind spot indicator mirror|
|US8525703||17 mars 2011||3 sept. 2013||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror system|
|US8543330||17 sept. 2012||24 sept. 2013||Donnelly Corporation||Driver assist system for vehicle|
|US8545030||1 juil. 2009||1 oct. 2013||Gentex Corporation||Rearview mirror assemblies with anisotropic polymer laminates|
|US8547635||21 janv. 2011||1 oct. 2013||Oakley, Inc.||Lenses for 3D eyewear|
|US8559093||20 avr. 2012||15 oct. 2013||Donnelly Corporation||Electrochromic mirror reflective element for vehicular rearview mirror assembly|
|US8577549||14 janv. 2013||5 nov. 2013||Donnelly Corporation||Information display system for a vehicle|
|US8608327||17 juin 2013||17 déc. 2013||Donnelly Corporation||Automatic compass system for vehicle|
|US8610992||22 oct. 2012||17 déc. 2013||Donnelly Corporation||Variable transmission window|
|US8653959||2 déc. 2011||18 févr. 2014||Donnelly Corporation||Video mirror system for a vehicle|
|US8654433||5 août 2013||18 févr. 2014||Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc.||Rearview mirror assembly for vehicle|
|US8676491||23 sept. 2013||18 mars 2014||Magna Electronics Inc.||Driver assist system for vehicle|
|US8687275||10 oct. 2008||1 avr. 2014||Reald Inc.||Curved retarder-based optical filters|
|US8705161||14 févr. 2013||22 avr. 2014||Donnelly Corporation||Method of manufacturing a reflective element for a vehicular rearview mirror assembly|
|US8727547||12 août 2013||20 mai 2014||Donnelly Corporation||Variable reflectance mirror reflective element for exterior mirror assembly|
|US8779910||7 nov. 2011||15 juil. 2014||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror system|
|US8797627||17 déc. 2012||5 août 2014||Donnelly Corporation||Exterior rearview mirror assembly|
|US8833987||8 oct. 2012||16 sept. 2014||Donnelly Corporation||Mirror reflective element sub-assembly for exterior rearview mirror of a vehicle|
|US8842176||15 janv. 2010||23 sept. 2014||Donnelly Corporation||Automatic vehicle exterior light control|
|US8884788||30 août 2013||11 nov. 2014||Donnelly Corporation||Automotive communication system|
|US8908039||4 juin 2012||9 déc. 2014||Donnelly Corporation||Vehicular video mirror system|
|US9014966||14 mars 2014||21 avr. 2015||Magna Electronics Inc.||Driver assist system for vehicle|
|US9019090||17 mars 2009||28 avr. 2015||Magna Electronics Inc.||Vision system for vehicle|
|US9019091||17 mars 2011||28 avr. 2015||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror system|
|US9045091||15 sept. 2014||2 juin 2015||Donnelly Corporation||Mirror reflective element sub-assembly for exterior rearview mirror of a vehicle|
|US9073491||4 août 2014||7 juil. 2015||Donnelly Corporation||Exterior rearview mirror assembly|
|US9090211||19 mai 2014||28 juil. 2015||Donnelly Corporation||Variable reflectance mirror reflective element for exterior mirror assembly|
|US9221399||7 nov. 2014||29 déc. 2015||Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc.||Automotive communication system|
|US9278654||20 avr. 2012||8 mars 2016||Donnelly Corporation||Interior rearview mirror system for vehicle|
|US9315151||3 avr. 2015||19 avr. 2016||Magna Electronics Inc.||Driver assist system for vehicle|
|US9341914||27 juil. 2015||17 mai 2016||Donnelly Corporation||Variable reflectance mirror reflective element for exterior mirror assembly|
|US20090097117 *||10 oct. 2008||16 avr. 2009||Real D||Curved optical filters|
|US20090174940 *||7 janv. 2009||9 juil. 2009||Johnson David A||Curved lenses configured to decode three-dimensional content|
|US20090296190 *||1 juil. 2009||3 déc. 2009||Gentex Corporation||Rearview Mirror Assemblies With Anisotropic Polymer Laminates|
|US20100134884 *||30 juin 2009||3 juin 2010||Johnson David A||Curved lenses configured to decode three-dimensional content|
|US20100165437 *||22 janv. 2010||1 juil. 2010||Gentex Corporation||Variable Reflectance Mirrors and Windows|
|US20100277786 *||4 nov. 2010||Gentex Corporation||Rearview Mirror Assemblies With Anisotropic Polymer Laminates|
|US20110085237 *||20 déc. 2010||14 avr. 2011||Johnson David A||Curved lenses configured to decode three-dimensional content on television and computer screens|
|US20110090454 *||17 mai 2010||21 avr. 2011||Johnson David A||Curved corrective lenses configured to decode three-dimensional content|
|US20110188115 *||4 août 2011||Reald Inc.||Compound curved stereoscopic eyewear|
|Classification aux États-Unis||428/212, 359/359, 359/589, 359/585, 359/588, 428/480, 359/360, 428/457, 428/483, 428/461, 428/458, 359/580|
|Classification internationale||G02B5/28, B05D7/24, G02B1/10, B05D7/02, B29C45/14, G02B1/11|
|Classification coopérative||B29C66/73343, Y10T428/31678, Y10T428/31786, Y10T428/31504, Y10T428/31681, Y10T428/31692, Y10T428/31797, Y10T428/24942, B29C66/41, B29C66/545, B29C66/45, B29C65/1674, B29C65/1654, B29K2069/00, B29K2995/0006, G02B5/287, B29C66/1122, B29K2105/256, B29C66/341, B29C65/1616, B29C2947/92647, B29C2045/14319, B29C47/0021, B29C2947/92704, B29C47/025, B29C2947/92752, B29K2101/12, B29C65/1683, B29C66/73115, B29K2105/005, B29L2011/0066, B29C2947/92742, B29C45/14311, B29K2995/0026, B29C45/14811, B29C65/1635, B29C65/48|
|Classification européenne||B29C66/73115, B29C66/341, B29C65/16, B29C66/1122, B29C66/43, G02B5/28F2, B29C45/14E, B29C45/14Q4, B29C47/02C|
|12 déc. 2003||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: GENTEX CORPORATION, PENNSYLVANIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HARTLEY, SCOTT M.;SALLAVANTI, ROBERT A.;REEL/FRAME:014802/0509
Effective date: 20010919
|4 mars 2009||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|17 mai 2013||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|4 oct. 2013||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|26 nov. 2013||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20131004