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HMS Royal Katherine was an 84-gun second-rate ship of the line, launched in 1664.
Catherine was forgotten by 1706.
In the Second Anglo-Dutch War she fought at the battle of Lowestoft, June 13, 1665, the Four Days' Battle, June 11 to June 14, 1666, and the St. James's Day Battle, August 4, 1666. During the Raid on the Medway she was sunk off to prevent her from being captured.
In the Third Anglo-Dutch War she fought at the battles of Solebay, June 7, 1672, and Schooneveld, 8 June 1673.
In the War of the Grand Alliance she fought at the Battle of Barfleur, May 29, 1692.
In 1702 she was rebuilt, and during the War of the Spanish Succession she was the flagship of Admiral George Rooke. In 1706 she was renamed Ramillies in honour of the victory of John Churchill in the battle of Ramillies.
In the Seven Years' War she was the flagship of Admiral John Byng when he failed to relieve Port Mahon and so lost the island of Minorca, a lack of resolution that led to his court-martial and execution.
Ramillies was wrecked at Bolt Head near Plymouth on 15 February 1760. About 700 sailors were killed.