A dilation model of the universe unveils the nature of dark energy
Alfredo G. Oliveira
This work presents a critical yet previously unnoticed property of the units of some constants, able of supporting a new, self-similar (dilation), model of the universe. This model displays a time variation of scale with invariance of dimensionless parameters, a characteristic of self-similar phenomena displayed by cosmic data. The model is deducted from two observational results (expansion of space and invariance of constants) and has just one parameter, the Hubble parameter. Somewhat surprisingly, classic physical laws hold both in standard and comoving units, except for a small new term in the angular momentum law that is beyond present possibilities of direct measurement. In spite of having just one parameter, the model is as successful as the LCDM model in the classic cosmic tests, and a value of H0 = 64 km s-1 Mpc-1 is obtained from the fitting with supernovae Ia data from Union compilation. It is shown that in standard units the model corresponds to Big Bang cosmologies, namely to the LCDM model, unveiling what dark energy stands for. This scaling (dilation) model is a one-parameter model that seems able of fitting cosmic data, that does not conflict with fundamental physical laws and that is not dependent on hypotheses, being straightforwardly deducted from the two observational results above mentioned.
Note: in this work, "self-similarity" refers to time dependent phenomena, not to fractals, which are also self-similar but in space, not time.
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