Neural - Meninges Development
|Embryology - 29 May 2016 Translate|
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- 1 Introduction
- 2 Some Recent Findings
- 3 Pia Mater
- 4 Arachnoid Mater
- 5 Dura Mater
- 6 Recent References
- 6.1 CoupTFI Interacts with Retinoic Acid Signaling during Cortical Development
- 6.2 The cranial dura mater: a review of its history, embryology, and anatomy
- 6.3 A cascade of morphogenic signaling initiated by the meninges controls corpus callosum formation
- 6.4 We have got you 'covered': how the meninges control brain development.
- 6.5 Tissue origins and interactions in the mammalian skull vault
- 6.6 The meninges in human development
- 7 References
- 8 External Links
- 9 Additional Images
- 10 Terms
- 11 Glossary Links
The meninges (singular meninx; Greek, meninx = membrane) are a complex connective tissue surrounding the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). The 3 layers from the central nervous outward are: pia mater, arachnoid mater, and the dura mater. All three layers form from the meninx primitiva, a meningeal mesenchyme. There have been many theories to the embryonic origins of the three layers that form the meninges, as well as potential differences between species. The safest term would be mesenchymal in origin, but the actual source of this mesenchyme may also differ in the same species at different levels of the central nervous system. The space under the arachnoid layer (subarachnoid space) is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
Recent studies also suggest that rather than acting as a passive connective tissue "neural container" during development, the meninges may also interact and regulate cranial skull and neural development.
- Draft Page (this notice removed when completed)
- Neural Links: Introduction | Ventricular System | Stage 22 | Gliogenesis | Fetal | Lecture - Early Neural | Lecture - Neural Crest | Lab - Early Neural | Neural Crest | Sensory | Abnormalities | Folic Acid | Iodine Deficiency | Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | Postnatal | Postnatal - Neural Examination | Histology | Historic Neural | Category:Neural
- Neural Parts: Introduction | Prosencephalon | Telencephalon | Amygdala | Hippocampus | Basal Ganglia | lateral ventricles | Diencephalon | Epithalamus | Thalamus | Hypothalamus | Pituitary | Pineal | third ventricle | Mesencephalon | Mesencephalon | Tectum | cerebral aqueduct | Rhombencephalon | Metencephalon | Pons | Cerebellum | Myelencephalon | Medulla Oblongata | Spinal Cord | Vascular | Meninges | Category:Neural
Some Recent Findings
|More recent papers|
This table shows an automated computer PubMed search using the listed sub-heading term.
References listed on the rest of the content page and the associated discussion page (listed under the publication year sub-headings) do include some editorial selection based upon both relevance and availability.
Abigail E Russi, Margaret E Walker-Caulfield, Melissa A Brown Mast cell inflammasome activity in the meninges regulates EAE disease severity. Clin. Immunol.: 2016; PubMed 27108197
Roosevelt Boursiquot, Danielle Krol, Sameul Hanif, Javier Rojas, Maneesh Jain Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone in a patient with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. J Med Case Rep: 2015, 10(1);73 PubMed 27036107
Guilherme Konradt, Daniele Mariath Bassuino, Matheus Viezzer Bianchi, Marcele Bettim Bandinelli, David Driemeier, Saulo Petinatti Pavarini Neurotuberculosis in cattle in southern Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod: 2016; PubMed 27026233
Yaqoub Alabwah, Yadong Ji, David A Seminowicz, Raimi L Quiton, Radi Masri Alcohol-triggered signs of migraine: An animal model. Somatosens Mot Res: 2016;1-7 PubMed 27021138
Chang Song, James D Nicholson, Sarah M Clark, Xin Li, Achsah D Keegan, Leonardo H Tonelli Expansion of Brain T cells in Homeostatic Conditions in Lymphopenic Rag2(-/-) Mice. Brain Behav. Immun.: 2016; PubMed 27013354
- A fine connective tissue covering of the central nervous system, forms innermost part of the meningial layers. Lies beneath the arachnoid mater and then tough outer dura mater layer. All three layers form from the meninx primitiva, a meningeal mesenchyme that is mesodermal and neural crest in origin. The space overlying the pia mater (subarachnoid space) is filled with cerebrospinal fluid. The pia mater has close contact with the spinal cord and brain, in the brain it follows down into the sulci and fissures of the cortex. This layer also fuses with the membranous lining of the ventricles (ependyma) forming the choroid plexus.
- (Greek, arachne = spider + -oeides = form) A meshwork (spider web-like) connective tissue covering of the central nervous system, forms part of the meningial layers. Lies between tough outer dura mater layer and the inner fine pia mater layer. All three layers form from the meninx primitiva, a meningeal mesenchyme that is mesodermal and neural crest in origin. The space underlying the arachnoid mater (subarachnoid space) is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
- (Latin, dura mater = hard mother) The outer tough connective tissue meningial coat of the 3 layers that cover the central nervous system of 3 layers (overlays the arachnoid mater middle layer and pia mater inner layer). All three layers form from the meninx primitiva, a meningeal mesenchyme that is mesodermal and neural crest in origin. At the level of the skull, the outer dura layer forms the inner periosteum of the skull and the inner dura layer forms the dural folds (falx and tentorium) that contains the dural sinuses. At the level of the spinal cord, the dura is separated from the periosteum of the vertebral canal by an epidural space.
CoupTFI Interacts with Retinoic Acid Signaling during Cortical Development
PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58219. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058219. Epub 2013 Mar 5.
Harrison-Uy SJ, Siegenthaler JA, Faedo A, Rubenstein JL, Pleasure SJ. Source Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
We examined the role of the orphan nuclear hormone receptor CoupTFI in mediating cortical development downstream of meningeal retinoic acid signaling. CoupTFI is a regulator of cortical development known to collaborate with retinoic acid (RA) signaling in other systems. To examine the interaction of CoupTFI and cortical RA signaling we utilized Foxc1-mutant mice in which defects in meningeal development lead to alterations in cortical development due to a reduction of RA signaling. By analyzing CoupTFI(-/-);Foxc1(H/L) double mutant mice we provide evidence that CoupTFI is required for RA rescue of the ventricular zone and the neurogenic phenotypes in Foxc1-mutants. We also found that overexpression of CoupTFI in Foxc1-mutants is sufficient to rescue the Foxc1-mutant cortical phenotype in part. These results suggest that CoupTFI collaborates with RA signaling to regulate both cortical ventricular zone progenitor cell behavior and cortical neurogenesis.
The cranial dura mater: a review of its history, embryology, and anatomy
Childs Nerv Syst. 2012 Jun;28(6):827-37. doi: 10.1007/s00381-012-1744-6. Epub 2012 Apr 15.
Adeeb N, Mortazavi MM, Tubbs RS, Cohen-Gadol AA. Abstract INTRODUCTION: The dura mater is important to the clinician as a barrier to the internal environment of the brain, and surgically, its anatomy should be well known to the neurosurgeon and clinician who interpret imaging. METHODS: The medical literature was reviewed in regard to the morphology and embryology of specifically, the intracranial dura mater. A historic review of this meningeal layer is also provided. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the cranial dura mater has a rich history. The embryology is complex, and the surgical anatomy of this layer and its specializations are important to the neurosurgeon.
A cascade of morphogenic signaling initiated by the meninges controls corpus callosum formation
Neuron. 2012 Feb 23;73(4):698-712. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.11.036.
Choe Y, Siegenthaler JA, Pleasure SJ. Source Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
The corpus callosum is the most prominent commissural connection between the cortical hemispheres, and numerous neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with callosal agenesis. By using mice either with meningeal overgrowth or selective loss of meninges, we have identified a cascade of morphogenic signals initiated by the meninges that regulates corpus callosum development. The meninges produce BMP7, an inhibitor of callosal axon outgrowth. This activity is overcome by the induction of expression of Wnt3 by the callosal pathfinding neurons, which antagonize the inhibitory effects of BMP7. Wnt3 expression in the cingulate callosal pathfinding axons is developmentally regulated by another BMP family member, GDF5, which is produced by the adjacent Cajal-Retzius neurons and turns on before outgrowth of the callosal axons. The effects of GDF5 are in turn under the control of a soluble GDF5 inhibitor, Dan, made by the meninges. Thus, the meninges and medial neocortex use a cascade of signals to regulate corpus callosum development. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
We have got you 'covered': how the meninges control brain development.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2011 Jun;21(3):249-55. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2010.12.005. Epub 2011 Jan 20.
Siegenthaler JA, Pleasure SJ. Source Department of Neurology, Programs in Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States.
The meninges have traditionally been viewed as specialized membranes surrounding and protecting the adult brain from injury. However, there is increasing evidence that the fetal meninges play important roles during brain development. Through the release of diffusible factors, the meninges influence the proliferative and migratory behaviors of neural progenitors and neurons in the forebrain and hindbrain. Meningeal cells also secrete and organize the pial basement membrane (BM), a critical anchor point for the radially oriented fibers of neuroepithelial stem cells. With its emerging role in brain development, the potential that defects in meningeal development may underlie certain congenital brain abnormalities in humans should be considered. In this review, we will discuss what is known about assembly of the fetal meninges and review the role of meningeal-derived proteins in mouse and human brain development. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Tissue origins and interactions in the mammalian skull vault
Dev Biol. 2002 Jan 1;241(1):106-16. Jiang X, Iseki S, Maxson RE, Sucov HM, Morriss-Kay GM. Source Institute for Genetic Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
During mammalian evolution, expansion of the cerebral hemispheres was accompanied by expansion of the frontal and parietal bones of the skull vault and deployment of the coronal (fronto-parietal) and sagittal (parietal-parietal) sutures as major growth centres. Using a transgenic mouse with a permanent neural crest cell lineage marker, Wnt1-Cre/R26R, we show that both sutures are formed at a neural crest-mesoderm interface: the frontal bones are neural crest-derived and the parietal bones mesodermal, with a tongue of neural crest between the two parietal bones. By detailed analysis of neural crest migration pathways using X-gal staining, and mesodermal tracing by DiI labelling, we show that the neural crest-mesodermal tissue juxtaposition that later forms the coronal suture is established at E9.5 as the caudal boundary of the frontonasal mesenchyme. As the cerebral hemispheres expand, they extend caudally, passing beneath the neural crest-mesodermal interface within the dermis, carrying with them a layer of neural crest cells that forms their meningeal covering. Exposure of embryos to retinoic acid at E10.0 reduces this meningeal neural crest and inhibits parietal ossification, suggesting that intramembranous ossification of this mesodermal bone requires interaction with neural crest-derived meninges, whereas ossification of the neural crest-derived frontal bone is autonomous. These observations provide new perspectives on skull evolution and on human genetic abnormalities of skull growth and ossification.
The meninges in human development
J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1986 Sep;45(5):588-608.
O'Rahilly R, Müller F.
The brain and cranial meninges were studied in 61 serially sectioned embryos of stages 8-23. Much earlier stages than those examined by previous authors provided a more comprehensive view of meningeal development. As a result, the possible and probable sources of the cranial and spinal meninges are believed to be: (a) prechordal plate, (b) unsegmented paraxial (parachordal) mesoderm, (c) segmented paraxial (somitic) mesoderm, (d) mesectoderm (neural crest), (e) neurilemmal cells (neural crest), and (f) neural tube. Some of these sources (a, b, d) pertain to the cranial meninges, others (c, d, e) to the spinal coverings. The first of the future dural processes to develop is the tentorium cerebelli, which, at the end of the embryonic period proper, differs considerably in shape and composition from the later fetal and postnatal tentorium. The embryonic dural limiting layer (Duragrenzschicht) probably corresponds to the interface layer of the adult meninges. The appropriate literature was reviewed and summarized.
- 25428542 A Yay, S Ozdamar, O Canoz, M Baran, B Tucer, M F Sonmez Intermediate filament protein nestin is expressed in developing meninges. Bratisl Lek Listy: 2014, 115(11);718-722 PubMed 25428542
Search Pubmed: Development Meninges Development
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2016) Embryology Neural - Meninges Development. Retrieved May 29, 2016, from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Neural_-_Meninges_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2016, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G