Study concept and design: Goldberg, Backus, Halpern, Kaplan.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Goldberg, French, Forde, Groenveld, Bitterman, Backus, Halpern, Kaplan.
Drafting of the manuscript: Goldberg, Kaplan.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Goldberg, French, Forde, Groenveld, Bitterman, Backus, Halpern, Kaplan.
Statistical analysis: Goldberg, French, Forde, Halpern, Kaplan.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Goldberg, Groenveld, Kaplan.
Study supervision: Halpern, Kaplan.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: The authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest and none were reported.
Funding/Support: This work was supported in part by Health Resources and Services Administration contract 234-2005-37011C.
Role of the Sponsor: The Health Resources and Services Administration had a role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Disclaimer: The content of this article does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Health and Human Services, the US Department of Veterans Affairs, or the US government. The mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the US government.
Additional Contributions: We thank Vincent Lo Re III, MD, MSCE (Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania), for advice with regard to use of the coding algorithm based on the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, and C. Brent Roberts, MPH (Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center), for assisting with Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and Corporate Data Warehouse cross-referencing. Neither Dr Lo Re nor Mr Roberts received compensation for their role in the study.