Spiders from Mars? Nope - further than that: Hubble captures 'starburst' in heart of Tarantula nebula
A 'starburst' is the focus of a new image that shows off the sheer power of the Hubble space telescope - capturing millions of young stars being born in 30 Doradus, a star-forming complex in the heart of the Tarantula nebula.
It's one of the largest mosaics ever assembled from Hubble photographs - released to celebrate the space telescope's 22nd anniversary - and captures space oddities such as the fastest-rotating stars ever detected.
The nebula is 170,000 light years from Earth - 'next door' in galactic terms - so Hubble can pick out individual stars in the prolific star-forming region
30 Doradus churns out stars at a furious pace over millions of years. Hubble shows star clusters of various ages, from about 2 million to 25 million years old
The nebula is 170,000 light years away - 'next door' in galactic terms - so Hubble can pick out individual stars as they are 'born'.
‘Hubble allows us to unravel the mysteries of the universe,’ said John Grunsfeld, associate administrator for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington and three-time Hubble repair astronaut. ‘In recognition of Hubble’s 22nd birthday, the new image of the 30 Doradus region, the birth place for new stars, is more than a fitting anniversary image.’
30 Doradus is the brightest star-forming region in our galactic neighborhood and home to the most massive stars ever seen.
The nebula is 170,000 light-years away in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a small satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. No known star-forming region in our galaxy is as large or as prolific as 30 Doradus.
The star cluster Hodge 301 is 20 million to 25 million years old. Hodge 301 is home to many aging, red supergiant stars, indicating the cluster is older. Roughly 40 massive stars already have exploded as supernovas
The region's sparkling centerpiece is a giant, young star cluster named NGC 2070, only 2 million to 3 million years old. Its stellar inhabitants number roughly 500,000. The cluster is a hotbed for young, massive stars
Map of the Tarantula nebula: The mosaic image is one of the largest ever assembled using the Hubble space telescope - and also includes data from ESO telescopes in Chile
Collectively, the stars in the image are millions of times more massive than our Sun. The image is roughly 650 light-years across and contains one of the fastest rotating stars ever detected and the highest velocity stars ever observed by astronomers.
The nebula is
close enough to Earth that Hubble can resolve individual stars, giving
astronomers important information about the stars’ birth and evolution.
Many small galaxies have more spectacular starbursts, but the Large Magellanic Cloud’s 30 Doradus is one of the only star-forming regions that astronomers can study in detail.
The star-birthing frenzy in 30 Doradus may be fueled partly by its close proximity to its companion galaxy, the Small Magellanic Cloud.
The image reveals the stages of star birth, from embryonic stars a few thousand years old and still wrapped in cocoons of dark gas, to behemoths that die young in supernova explosions. 30 Doradus churns out stars at a furious pace over millions of years. Hubble shows star clusters of various ages, from about 2 million to 25 million years old.
The region’s sparkling centerpiece is a giant, young star cluster named NGC 2070, only 2 million to 3 million years old. Its stellar inhabitants number roughly 500,000. The cluster is a hotbed for young, massive stars. Its dense core, known as R136, is packed with some of the heftiest stars found in the nearby universe, weighing more than 100 times the mass of our Sun.
The massive stars are carving deep cavities in the surrounding material by unleashing a torrent of ultraviolet light, which is winnowing away the enveloping hydrogen gas cloud in which the stars were born. The image reveals a fantastic landscape of pillars, ridges and valleys.
Besides sculpting the gaseous terrain, the brilliant stars may be triggering a successive generation of offspring. When the ultraviolet radiation hits dense walls of gas, it creates shocks, which may generate a new wave of star birth.
The image was made using 30 separate fields, 15 from each camera. Both cameras made these observations simultaneously in October 2011. The colors in the image represent the hot gas that dominates regions of the image. Red signifies hydrogen gas and blue represents oxygen.