This Caspian Sea republic has lowlands along its shores and a low central plain inland. The rest of the country rises sharply to high mountains with deep, enclosed valleys. The climate is almost tropical in summer in the lowlands, where the winters are warm but with cold spells. In the mountains winters are cold and snowy.
The tables for T'bilisi in Georgia and for Yerevan in neighbouring Armenia illustrate the range of conditions found in the mountains of this region at different altitudes. The table for Turkmenbashi in Turkmenistan shows weather on the coast of the Caspian Sea.
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