Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes
(Perch-likes) > Carangidae
(Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Trachurus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335). More on author: Castelnau.
Environment / Climate / Range
Marine; pelagic-neritic; depth range 0 - 500 m (Ref. 54925), usually 100 - 300 m (Ref. 54925). Subtropical; 7°N - 37°S, 4°E - 24°E (Ref. 54925)
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 20 - 33 cm
Max length : 60.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3166); common length : 30.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3166)
Eastern Atlantic: Gulf of Guinea to South Africa. Bianchi et. al. 1993 notes 'Smith-Vaniz (1992, pers. comm.) does not believe that Trachurus capensis is a valid species but admits that an adequate series of this species along the coast of Africa are not available'.
Adults are found mainly over the continental shelf, often over sand bottoms (Ref. 27121). Shoals rise to feed in surface waters at night and found close to the bottom during the day (Ref. 27121). Juveniles feed mainly on copepods while adults prey on fish and a wide range of invertebrates (Ref. 27121).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., J.-C. Quéro and M. Desoutter, 1990. Carangidae. p. 729-755. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7097)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 96402)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Threat to humans
Fisheries: highly commercial
ReferencesAquacultureAquaculture profileStrainsGeneticsAllele frequenciesHeritabilityDiseasesProcessingMass conversion
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805
= 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00637 - 0.01720), b=2.93 (2.79 - 3.07), based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245
Trophic Level (Ref. 69278
): 3.5 ±0.50 se; Based on food items.
Resilience (Ref. 69278
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.11-0.42; tm=2).
Vulnerability (Ref. 59153
): High vulnerability (60 of 100) .