This work is a comparative thesis between northern and southern Italy, particularly on the socio-economic and geo-political differences that divide the country. Differences in areas such as historical background, geography, economy, tourism, social trends, and politics have separated the country into two distinctly dissimilar parts, the north and the south. With evidence of the industrial north in comparison to the agricultural south, as well as the introduction of “third Italy”, the economic differences between the country are clear. Similarly, the traditions of the south keep them far behind the modern north and the influence of both the Lega Nord and the Mafia furthers these differences as well. An examination of these diverse entities will shed light on the division of this so-called unified country of Italy.