A Nodal Model for Non-Linear Conduction in Toner Particles Modified with Conductive Additives
Abstract:Conductive toners utilized in some single- and dualcomponent development systems can be formulated by dispersing fine conductive additives on the surface of insulative toner particles. Electrical conductivity of such toners depends not only on intrinsic conductivity of the additives, but also on their dispersion on toner surface, and, to a great extent, on the method of conductivity measurement.
The present model describes electrical conductance of an individual toner particle with a sub-monolayer of fine conductive additives dispersed on its surface. The model is based on an equivalent electrical circuit consisting of nodes assigned to individual additives, and non-linear resistors representing percolation currents between the additives. Non-linear current-balance equations constructed for each node were solved numerically to obtain the overall current-voltage response of an individual toner particle as a function of the size, volume fraction, and level of dispersion of the conductive additives. Experimental verification of the present model and methods of toner conductivity measurements will also be discussed.
Document Type: Research Article
Publication date: January 1, 2001
For more than 25 years, NIP has been the leading forum for discussion of advances and new directions in non-impact and digital printing technologies. A comprehensive, industry-wide conference, this meeting includes all aspects of the hardware, materials, software, images, and applications associated with digital printing systems, including drop-on-demand ink jet, wide format ink jet, desktop and continuous ink jet, toner-based electrophotographic printers, production digital printing systems, and thermal printing systems, as well as the engineering capability, optimization, and science involved in these fields.
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