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ISRN Applied Mathematics
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 581710, 7 pages
On a Quasi-Neutral Approximation of the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations
College of Mathematics and Information Science, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450011, China
Received 21 June 2012; Accepted 10 October 2012
Academic Editors: R. Cardoso and X.-S. Yang
Copyright © 2012 Zhiqiang Wei and Jianwei Yang. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This paper considers a pressureless Euler-Poisson system with viscosity in plasma physics in the torus . We give a rigorous justification of its asymptotic limit toward the incompressible Navier Stokes equations via quasi-neutral regime using the modulated energy method.
We will consider the following system: for and , , . is small parameter and is a constant viscosity coefficient. To solve uniquely the Poisson equation, we add the . Passing to the limit when , it is easy to see, at least at a very formal level, that tends to , where and
In other words, is a solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The aim of this paper is to give a rigorous justification to this formal computation.
The Euler-Poisson system with viscosity (1.1) is a physical model involving dissipation see , which here could be regarded as a viscous approximation of Euler-Poisson. Formally, it is a kind of new approximation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations of viscous fluid in real world.
It should be pointed out that there have been a lot of interesting results about the topic on the quasi-neutral (or called zero-Debye length) limit, for the readers to see [2–5] for isentropic Euler-Poisson system, [6, 7] for nonisentropic Euler-Poisson system, [8–10] for Vlasov-Poisson system, [11, 12] for drift-diffusion system,  for Euler-Maxwell equations, and therein references. We also mention that the above limit has been studied in [14, 15]. But in this present paper, the convergence result and the method of its proof is different from that of [14, 15].
The main focus in this paper is on the use of modulated energy techniques and div-curl for studying incompressible fluids. And for that, we assume that has total mass equal to 1 and the mean values of vanish, that is, . We also restrict ourselves to the case of well-prepared initial data and the case of periodic torus. Indeed, the quasi-neutral limit is much more difficult without these assumptions.
In this note, we will use some inequalities in Sobolev spaces, such as basic Moser-type calculus inequalities, Young inequality, and Gronwall inequality.
2. Main Result
Throughout the paper, we will denote by a number independent of , which actually may change from line to line. Moreover and stand for the usual scalar product and norm, is the usual Sobolev norm, and is the usual norm.
The study of the asymptotic behavior of the sequence , as goes to zero, leads to the statement of our main result.
Theorem 2.1. Let be a solution of the incompressible Euler equations (1.2) such that and for . Assume that be a sequence of initial data such that and with . Then there is a sequence of solutions to (1.1) with initial data belonging to with . Moreover for any and small enough, for any .
3. Proof of the Theorem
If is a solution to system (1.1), we introduce Since the pressure in the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation is given by where, . Then the vector solves the system As in , we make the following change of unknowns: By using the last equation and taking the curl and the divergence of the first equation in (3.5), we get the following system: This last system can be written as a singular perturbation of a quasilinear symmetrizable hyperbolic system. Setting yields where For with , we set
Before performing the energy estimate, we apply the operator for with to (3.6), to obtain Now, we proceed to perform the energy estimates for (3.9) in a classical way by taking the scalar product of system (3.9) with .
Let us start the estimate of each term. First, since is symmetric and , we have that Next, since is skew-symmetric, we have that By integration by parts, we have For later estimates in this paper, we recall some results on Moser-type calculus inequalities in Sobolev spaces [17, 18].
Lemma 3.1. Let be an integer. Suppose , and . Then for all multi-indexes , one has and where Moreover, if , then the embedding is continuous and one has
By using basic Moser-type calculus inequalities and Sobolev’s lemma, we have After a a direct calculation, one gets To estimate the commutator, we have Also, we have Here, we have used the inequality Finally, the Young inequality gives Notice that, to get the last line, we have used (3.2).
Now, we collect all the previous estimates (3.10)–(3.21) and we sum over to find We can conclude using a standard Gronwall's lemma, that if the solution of Navier-Stokes equations (1.2) is smooth on the time interval , for any there exists such that the sequence is bounded in . Then we have The assumptions that we have made on the initial data imply that is bounded. This proves Theorem 2.1.
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