SIGNS IN OPHTH
- · Munson’s sign, i.e. localised bulging of lower lid in Keratoconus
- · Grade III HTN Retinopathy: banking of veins distal to arteriovenous crossings (Bonnet sign), tapering of veins on either side of the crossings (Gunn sign) and right-angle deflection of veins (Salu’s sign).
- · TED:
Lid signs: These are: Retraction of the upper lids producing the characteristic staring and frightened appearance (Dalrymple’s sign); Lid lag (von Graefe’s sign) i.e., when globe is moved downward, the upper lid lags behind; Fullness of eyelids due to puffy oedematous swelling (Enroth’s sign); Difficulty in eversion of upper lid (Gifford’s sign); Infrequent blinking (Stellwag’s sign).
Convergence weakness (Mobius’s sign)
- · The Bruckner test is a way to estimate near-sightedness versus hyperopia.
- · For children:
Inferior Crescent: myopia
Superior Crescent: hyperopia
- · Shafer’s sign is when you see pigment behind the lens on slit-lamp exam, and occurs when a tear of the retina allows the underlying pigment to release into the vitreous chamber.
- · Hirshburg rule – for every millimeter the corneal light reflection is decentered, equals 15 diopters of deviation.
- · Eclipse sign, which indicates decreased axial anterior chamber depth, can be elicited by shining a penlight across the anterior chamber from the temporal side and noting a shadow on the nasal side