Diversity of Indigenous Policy: Comparisons among Four African Countries
The peoples of Ghana, Liberia, South Africa and Nigeria have different backgrounds and histories, but share similar concerns and in some countries have similar social profiles. Comprehensive data is now collected on many aspects of the economy, society,educational and health status of all four countries, which are members of the Africa Union (AU). The AU approach of emphasizing economic development and transparent governance in thirty member countries may be of great relevance to Indigenous groups in these countries. Social indicators on Indigenous groups in these four countries are analysed in this paper to provide an overview of their social and economic circumstances. Significant Indigenous policy differences between Ghana, Liberia, South Africa and Nigeria governments are considered. The roles of diversity policies and educational and business initiatives in reducing inequalities in Ghana, Liberia, South Africa and Nigeria for Indigenous people are assessed. Some Indigenous groups have created successful tourism and cultural businesses, and have also negotiated employment and environmental protections from ventures such as mining projects. The paper concludes that treaties, diversity policies and planned educational programs have been effective in improving living conditions to varying degrees, and a comprehensive approach with all three elements is probably essential for real progress.
Keywords: Africa Union
Urevbu Okwukili Okoye
Department of Communication, Cle International Communication
Postgraduate Student, Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Benin