- COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Test::Magpie - Mocking framework with method stubs and behaviour verification
use Test::Magpie; # create the mock object and stub my $baker = mock; when($mock)->bake_loaf('white')->then_return($bread); # execute the code under test my $bakery = Bakery->new( bakers => [ $baker ] ); my @loaves = $bakery->buy_loaf( amount => 2, type => 'white' ); # verify the interactions with the mock object verify($baker, times => 2)->bake_loaf('white');
Test::Magpie is a test double framework heavily inspired by the Mockito framework for Java, and also the Python-Mockito project. In Mockito, you "spy" on objects for their behaviour, rather than being upfront about what should happen. I find this approach to be significantly more flexible and easier to work with than mocking systems like EasyMock, so I created a Perl implementation.
- Mock objects
Mock objects, represented by Test::Magpie::Mock objects, are objects that pretend to be everything you could ever want them to be. A mock object can have any method called on it, does every roles, and isa subclass of any superclass. This allows you to easily throw a mock object around it will be treated as though it was a real object.
- Method stubbing
Any method can be called on a mock object, and it will be logged as an invocation. By default, method calls return
undefin scalar context or an empty list in list context. Often, though, clients will be interested in the result of calling a method with some arguments. So you may specify how a method stub should respond when it is called.
- Verify interactions
After calling your concrete code (the code under test) you may want to check that the code did operate correctly on the mock. To do this, you can use verifications to make sure code was called, with correct parameters and the correct amount of times.
- Argument matching
Magpie gives you some helpful methods to validate arguments passed in to calls. You can check equality between arguments, or consume a general type of argument, or consume multiple arguments. See Test::Magpie::ArgumentMatcher for the juicy details.
mock() constructs a new instance of a mock object.
$mock = mock; $mock->method(@args);
$class is an optional argument to set the type that the mock object is blessed into. This value will be returned when
ref() is called on the object.
$mock = mock($class); is( ref($mock), $class );
when() is used to tell the method stub to return some value(s) or to raise an exception.
when($mock)->method(@args)->then_return(1, 2, 3); when($mock)->invalid(@args)->then_die('exception');
verify() is used to check the interactions on your mock object and prints the test result.
verify() plays nicely with Test::Simple and Co - it depends on them for setting a test plan and its calls are counted in the test plan.
verify($mock)->method(@args) # prints: ok 1 - method("foo") was called 1 time(s)
verify() accepts an optional
$test_name to print a custom name for the test instead of the default.
verify($mock, $test_name)->method(@args) # prints: ok 1 - record inserted into database'
verify() accepts a few options to help your verifications:
verify( $mock, times => 3, )->method(@args) verify( $mock, at_least => 3 )->method(@args) verify( $mock, at_most => 5 )->method(@args) verify( $mock, between => [3, 5] )->method(@args)
Specifies the number of times the given method is expected to be called. The default is 1 if no other option is specified.
Specifies the minimum number of times the given method is expected to be called.
Specifies the maximum number of times the given method is expected to be called.
Specifies the minimum and maximum number of times the given method is expected to be called.
$test_name may also be supplied after the option.
verify($mock, times => 3, $test_name)->method(@args)
Inspect method invocations on a mock object.
$invocation = inspect($mock)->method(@args); is( $invocation->method_name, 'foo' ); is_deeply( [$invocation->arguments], [qw( bar baz )] );
verify() to verify that a method was invoked at least
verify($mock, times => at_least($n))->method(@args);
This function has been deprecated. Use the
at_least option for
verify() to verify that a method was invoked at most
verify($mock, times => at_most($n))->method(@args);
This function has been deprecated. Use the
at_most option for
This module exports the following functions by default:
All other functions need to be imported explicitly.
Oliver Charles <firstname.lastname@example.org>
Steven Lee <email@example.com>
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
This software is copyright (c) 2013 by Oliver Charles.
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.