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Fresh water enters the Chesapeake Bay primarily from its rivers and streams. Fresh water also enters via rain, snow and groundwater.
The Chesapeake Bay’s salinity gradually decreases as you move north and increases as you move south. Salinity also varies widely from season to season and from year to year, depending on the amount of fresh water flowing from the Bay’s rivers.
Nutrient and sediment pollution are the main causes of the Chesapeake Bay’s poor water clarity. Nutrients fuel the growth of water-clouding algae blooms, while particles of sediment can float in the water. Weather also plays a role in water clarity: rain storms wash dirt and pollutants into the Bay, muddying the water.