|Coolen, M. J. L., J. K. Volkman, B. Abbas, G. Muyzer, S. Schouten and J. S. Sinninghe Damsté, Identification of organic matter sources in sulfidic late Holocene Antarctic fjord sediments from fossil rDNA sequence analysis, Paleoceanography, 22(2), PA2211, doi:10.1029/2006PA001309, (2007)|
The 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) isolated from sulfidic Holocene sediments and particulate organic matter in the water column of the stratified Small Meromictic Basin (SMB) in Ellis Fjord (eastern Antarctica) was analyzed to identify possible biological sources of organic matter. Previous work had shown that the sediments contained numerous diatom frustules and high contents of a highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) C25:2 alkene (which is a specific biomarker of certain species of the diatom genera Navicula, Haslea, Pleurosigma or Rhizosolenia), so we focused our search on preserved fossil 18S rDNA of diatoms using sensitive PCR approaches. We did not find diatom-derived fossil 18S rDNA using general eukaryotic primers and even when we used primers selective for diatom 18S rDNA we only identified a Chaetoceros phylotype, which is known to form cysts in the SMB, but is not a likely source of the C25:2 HBI. When we used PCR/DGGE methods specific to phylotypes within the HBI-biosynthesizing genera we were able to identify three phylotypes in the sediments related to HBI-producing strains of the genera Haslea and Navicula. The ancient DNA data thus provided a limited, but valuable, view of the diversity of Late Holocene primary producers with a particular bias to specific components of the biota that were better preserved such as the Chaetoceros cysts. This use of paleogenetics also revealed unexpected possible sources of organic matter such as novel stramenopiles for which no specific lipid biomarkers are known and thus would not have been identified based on traditional lipid stratigraphy alone. Full article can be found here.