On multilingual websites, all language versions of a page use the same URL by default. This URL is based on the given document's alias path. For example, the home page always has the following URL: /Home.aspx
If you want to see the same page in French, you need to change the culture by entering the URL with an appropriate query string parameter: /Home.aspx?lang=fr-fr
Once the language is selected this way, the system stores it in the visitor's browser using a cookie. This means that the given visitor automatically sees the French version when returning to /Home.aspx or another translated page, even without any parameters in the URL.
Having to type a URL with a query string manually would be inconvenient for visitors, so you can provide a more user‑friendly way to switch between cultures by placing one of the following language selection web parts onto the pages of your website:
These web parts automatically generate appropriate links to the language versions of the current document.
Renaming the language selection parameter
The default name of the language selection parameter is lang.
To rename the parameter:
1. Add the CMSLanguageParameterName key into the /configuration/appSettings section of your application's web.config file.
2. Enter the new name as the key's value.
Even though switching between languages using URL query string parameters is the default approach, it is generally not recommended for live production websites. Parameters make URLs more confusing and are not friendly toward search engines. Instead, you can configure the system to use one of the options described in the sections below.
Enforcing separate domains for languages
Having a different domain name for each culture is a good way to let visitors know that the particular version of the site is intended for a certain language audience. It is also the best option for multilingual websites with regard to Search engine optimization.
For example, if the English version of your site is available under domain.com, the French version could use domain.fr and so on. This scenario uses a different country‑code top‑level domain, but you can set any other domain name format, such as unique subdomains for each culture.
To implement domain separation based on languages:
1. Go to Site Manager -> Sites and edit () your site.
2. On the General tab, select your website's primary language in the Visitor culture field.
o This assigns the given language to the site's main domain name.
3. Set up additional domain names for other languages as domain aliases on the Domain aliases tab.
oJust like with the main domain, you can assign a language to each alias by selecting the matching culture in the Visitor culture field.
When setting up the Visitor culture of the site and its aliases, only assign each language to a single domain and do not use the (Automatic) value. Otherwise the system will not be able to determine with certainty which content culture to display.
Also make sure that your domain aliases do not use a Redirect URL leading to another domain name.
4. Go to Site Manager -> Settings -> URLs and SEO and enable the Force domain culture setting.
Note: You cannot use forced culture domains in combination with the language URL prefixes described in the next section.
The system now ensures the following:
•The default content culture is selected based on the domain name through which the website is opened.
•All documents URLs (e.g. in navigation elements) are generated using the domain name to which the current content culture is assigned.
•When a user selects a different language through one of the language selection web parts, the system redirects the URL to the corresponding domain name.
Authentication with multiple domains
The user context is not carried over when switching between domains on the live site. If you are using standard Forms authentication, registered users who change the content culture while browsing need to log in separately on each language version of the website.
If this is a problem, you can work around it by implementing a single sign-on mechanism for all domains.
Using language prefixes for URLs
If you do not own a different domain name for each language version of the website, but still want to ensure unique URLs for each culture without adding query string parameters, you can use language prefixes. Language prefixes insert a subdirectory into the URL in format <domain>/<language prefix>/<URL path>, for example: <domain>/fr-FR/Home.aspx
To enable language prefixes, go to Site Manager -> Settings -> URLs and SEO, and check the Use language prefix for URLs field.
Note: You cannot use language prefixes if the Force domain culture setting is enabled.
Unless you check the Allow URLs without language prefixes setting, the system automatically redirects all URLs without a language prefix to a corresponding URL that includes a language prefix (according to the current content culture).
If language prefixes are enabled, the language selection web parts used on your site generate links containing the appropriate URL prefix by default. If you wish to configure a specific web part to use links with the standard query string parameter, disable its Use culture specific URLs property. Please keep in mind that all other settings still apply, so the resulting URLs may be redirected.
Changing the language prefix text:
By default, the language prefix matches the culture code of the requested language. If a culture alias is set for the language, it takes precedence and the system uses the alias instead of the culture code. If you want to change the language prefix for a certain language, the best way is to set a culture alias.
For example, to change the language prefix for the French language to France:
1.Go to Site Manager -> Development -> Cultures.
2.Type fr-fr into the Culture code field of the filter and click Show.
3.Edit () the French - France culture.
4.Set the Culture alias property to France.
The system now displays the language prefix in URLs of French document as for example: <domain>/France/Home.aspx
Forcing culture domains or using language prefixes for URLs ensures that you have a different URL for every document culture version. You can use the following approach if the features described above are disabled or if you want different culture versions of documents to have different names in the URL path.
For example, if you want the French home page to have a different URL than the English version:
1.Go to CMS Desk -> Content, and select the Home page in the content tree.
2.Select the French language on the main toolbar.
3.Open the Properties -> URLs tab.
4.In the Document URL path section, check Use custom URL path.
5.Leave the Standard URL or wildcard option selected as the Path type.
6.Set the Path or pattern value to: /frenchhome
To try out how the custom URL works, sign out and view the English version of the website. If you open the URL <domain>/frenchhome.aspx, the website automatically switches the culture to French and displays the French version of the home page.
By default, language selection web parts reflect custom URL paths for documents when generating links to the corresponding culture version. If you wish to disable this behavior for a specific web part and have it use links with the standard document URL, disable its Use culture specific URLs property.
You can also set Document aliases for a pages dedicated to specific cultures. When the document is accessed through this type of alias, the system always opens it in the corresponding culture.
Note: that you may encounter problems when using wildcards in URLs on multilingual sites. You can find more details and a possible solution in the Development -> Page processing and URLs -> Wildcard URLs topic.