|Publication number||US7305364 B2|
|Application number||US 09/828,530|
|Publication date||Dec 4, 2007|
|Filing date||Apr 6, 2001|
|Priority date||Apr 6, 2001|
|Also published as||US20020194050|
|Publication number||09828530, 828530, US 7305364 B2, US 7305364B2, US-B2-7305364, US7305364 B2, US7305364B2|
|Inventors||Oumar Nabe, David J. Fogarty, Ian R. Bell, Balwinder S. Samra|
|Original Assignee||General Electric Capital Corporation|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (30), Non-Patent Citations (13), Referenced by (59), Classifications (18), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This invention relates generally to financing, servicing loan customers and more specifically to methods and systems for servicing loan customers through dealers of loan products.
Known customer lead generating systems typically utilize random mailings based on archival data, with little or no attention to trending data or expected incomes. Known modeling solutions are inadequate, because a lifetime probability (a probability for termination in each month in the future of the loan) to prepay loans, described herein as early termination of loans, cannot be accurately computed. Without an accurate lifetime probability, accurate marketing decisions regarding whether the customer is to be offered a promotional or a consolidating offer cannot be made. While customers which would provide high expected incomes for the lender can be sent random mailings with a degree of certainty regarding success of the offer, the calculation of the expected income is only based on a rough approximation. A system without accurate expected income data or lifetime probability for termination does not provide sufficient data for lead development for acquiring new loan business.
Methods and systems for generating customer leads, for example, for use by dealers attempting to sell a product such as a loan product are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, the method comprises providing a database of customer information, predicting a propensity for one or more customers within the database to respond to an offer, predicting when the customers will respond to the offer, generating a potential customer list, and providing the potential customer list to one or more dealers.
Further, a system for generating customer leads for use by dealers attempting to sell a product is provided which comprises one or more databases of customer information, a server, a network, and at least one computer connected to the server via the network. The server is configured to predict a propensity for one or more customers within said database to respond to an offer, predict when the customers will respond to the offer, generate a potential customer list, and provide the potential customer list to one or more dealers.
In one aspect, a computer is provided which is programmed to prompt a user to select customer characteristics to apply to a propensity model for a determination of which customers within a customer database will respond an offer, prompt a user for a time when the offer will be presented to customers, and generate a potential customer list.
In another aspect, a database is provided which comprises data corresponding to at least one of active and inactive customers, data corresponding to customers propensity to respond to an offer and data corresponding to a time when a customer will respond to an offer.
In yet another aspect, a computer readable medium is provided which comprises at least one record of customer information, a plurality of rules for identifying which customers have a propensity to respond to an offer, a plurality of rules for determining a time when customers will respond to the offer, and a record of potential customers.
In a further aspect a method for providing a list of customer leads to dealers attempting to sell a product is provided which comprises the steps of generating a database of customer information, selecting, from an electronic interface, customer characteristics within the database to apply to a propensity model for identifying customers likely to respond to an offer, selecting, from the electronic interface, a time when the offer will be presented to customers, requesting, from the electronic interface, a potential customer list, and delivering the customer list to at least one dealer.
In still another aspect an apparatus comprises means for storing a database of customer information, means for identifying customers with a propensity to respond to an offer, means for identifying a time when a customer will respond to an offer, means for generating a potential customer list of customers likely to respond to an offer and the time which they are likely to respond to the offer, and means for delivering the potential customer list to at least one dealer.
Methods and systems for identifying customers likely to prepay, that is, early terminate their loan contracts before the contracts expire are described below. Customers with a propensity to early terminate are identified using an early termination model, which is configured to predict a probability of early termination for customers based on customer characteristics, for example, age, gender, and income. After probabilities are determined, expected incomes for a lender from a customer are predicted, using the probability information, for a loan and a decision is made whether to offer the customer refinancing or an additional loan offer, in order to retain the customer as a loan customer.
In addition, methods and systems are described which are configured to use models to determine which of a database of inactive customers have a propensity to make a purchase and the timing of such a purchase. By having an accurate prediction, a dealer of products is able to target the right customer, at the right time, with the right product, before the customer makes their intentions known. The models use as inputs, customer demographic data and other inputs to determine a probability that a future purchase will be made. By offering lists of high probability customers to a dealer of products, a lender is in a position to secure the financing of the products. While stated as an offer to inactive customers, the methods and system described are applicable to those active customers, ready to make additional purchases, for example, the auto loan customers, with a propensity to make a second auto purchase.
Dealers will pay lenders for generating customer lists which have high probabilities of success in attracting or retain business. A lender generating such a prospect pool, has an opportunity to maximize profit on the customer list by auctioning the list to the dealers of products. Methods and systems for such an auctioning are described.
The identification and retention of customers is not limited to the customer with a propensity to make purchases which require the taking of a loan. Methods and systems are described herein, where in a retail environment, holders of credit accounts are targeted, in the hope of generating additional purchases, which profit both the retail store and the financial institution through which the store accounts are serviced. By managing the customer relationship through models, again based mostly upon customer demographics, a retailer is able to determine which customers are likely to make only an initial purchase using the store account and those customers who will allow the account to go dormant.
Devices 14 are interconnected to the network, such as a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), through many interfaces including dial-in-connections, cable modems and high-speed lines. Alternatively, devices 14 are any device capable of interconnecting to a network including a web-based phone or other web-based connectable equipment. Server 12 includes a database server 16 connected to a centralized database 18. In one embodiment, centralized database 18 is stored on database server 16 and is accessed by potential customers at one of customer devices 14 by logging onto server sub-system 12 through one of customer devices 14. In an alternative embodiment centralized database 18 is stored remotely from server 12.
Each work station 38, 40, and 42 is a personal computer including a web browser. Although the functions performed at the work stations typically are illustrated as being performed at respective work stations 38, 40, and 42, such functions can be performed at one of many personal computers coupled to LAN 36. Work stations 38, 40, and 42 are illustrated as being associated with separate functions only to facilitate an understanding of the different types of functions that can be performed by individuals having access to LAN 36.
Server sub-system 12 is configured to be communicatively coupled to various individuals or employees 44 and to third parties, e.g., customer, 46 via an ISP Internet connection 48. The communication in the exemplary embodiment is illustrated as being performed via the Internet, however, any other wide area network (WAN) type communication can be utilized in other embodiments, i.e., the systems and processes are not limited to being practiced via the Internet. In addition, and rather than a WAN 50, local area network 36 could be used in place of WAN 50.
In the exemplary embodiment, any employee 44 or customer 46 having a work station 52 can access server sub-system 12. One of customer devices 14 includes a work station 54 located at a remote location. Work stations 52 and 54 are personal computers including a web browser. Also, work stations 52 and 54 are configured to communicate with server sub-system 12. Furthermore, fax server 28 communicates with employees 44 and customers 46 located outside the business entity and any of the remotely located customer systems, including a customer system 56 via a telephone link. Fax server 28 is configured to communicate with other work stations 38, 40, and 42 as well.
The systems described in
In another method utilized to retain customers or attract new customers, a lender offers other loan products, for example, a loan for a new vehicle or a loan for a second vehicle. By cross-selling other loan and loan related products, for example, insurance, auto service contracts, mortgages and any purpose loans, either directly or through a dealer, the lender reduces the chances that the borrower will terminate the existing loan early.
As another example, at any stage of an existing loan, a customer may be interested in buying an additional vehicle. In one embodiment, using historical data, modeling is used to predict which customers are most likely to respond to an additional vehicle cross-sell, and therefore dealers can target a mailing/telesales cross-sell campaign accordingly. Additionally, some customers will take out a loan for a vehicle and then wish to switch to a leasing arrangement. Analyses performed on the historical data determines which customers are likely to respond to a “loan-to-lease” offer and they are targeted accordingly. An additional way of increasing profitability, is to offer the customer an opportunity to take out a further loan, for example to buy accessories or pay for repairs. Historical data is used to predict which customers are most likely to respond to such an offer, and they are targeted for a pro-active selling campaign.
Early Termination Model
By borrowing money from other financial sources and prepaying and terminating their contracts, such customers create a serious retention challenge for a lender. In one embodiment, an early termination model is utilized to identify prepaying customers (e.g. early terminators) at least three months before they prepay a loan. The model utilizes six months of loan performance, demographic data (customer information) and rules to predict likely loan terminations. In order to retain these customers, a lender attempts to cross sell the borrower new loans at competitive rates. The annual percentage rate (APR) of the new loan may be lower than the APR of their existing loan. Although the amount of profit of a refinanced loan, at a lower APR, may be lower than that of the original loan, the sale of the new loan, more often than not, is preferable to losing the customer to a competing lender.
In the early termination model, calculations of expected income and probability of early termination for the loan are made, using rules which are described below, for each customer, at each stage of the loan. The rules are stored in database 18. Marketing decisions for each individual customer are based on the expected loan income. For example, for customers with either high propensity to early terminate or for customers who have repaid most their interest payments, a new offer is sent out.
In this approach, the remaining income for each customer at each time (e.g. month) is calculated according to the following rule. If the loan period is T months and the customer is at time t, then the interest payments for all the remaining months, t+1, t+2, . . . T are calculated, and stored within database 18.
Probabilities to early terminate for t+1, t+2, . . . , T are also computed. There are various ways of computing the probabilities of early loan termination for each customer. In one embodiment, a series of logistic regression models are used to predict the probabilities. Ai denotes an event, for example, the customer has early terminated at month i, and Ai C denotes the complement of event Ai.
To receive a payment in a given month, the customer has to fail to early terminate in that given month and all previous months. An event that is a customer making a payment in a given month means that the customer has not early terminated for all months up to and including that given month. That is,
A 1 C ∩A 2 C ∩ . . . ∩A k C.
By the chain rule formula, P(A1 C∩A2 C∩ . . . ∩Ak C)=P(A1 C)P(A2 C|A1 C) . . . P(Ak C|A1 C∩A2 C∩ . . . Ak−1 C) and, P(A1 C)=1−P(A1).
A1, A2, A3, denotes events where the customer has early terminated in month 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Note that months 1, 2 and 3 represent the months at each 3-month time interval whose probability, P(3), to early terminate is calculated. Then P(3) simply represents the probability of the event by P(3)=P(A1∪A2∪A3).
Using probability properties P(A1∪A2∪A3)=1−P((A1∪A2∪A3)C)=1−P(A1 C∩A2 C∩A3 C)=1−P(A1 C)P(A2 C|A1 C)P(A3 C|A1 C∩A2 C) where the events A1 C, A2 C|A1 C, A3 C|A1 C∩A2 C represent the probabilities that the customer has not early terminated at month 1, has not early terminated at month 2 given that the customer hasn't early terminated at month 1, etc. The probability calculations are made based upon stored customer information, for example, payment histories, within database 18. Using an assumption that monthly attrition probabilities are equal:
P (3) =P(A 1 ∪A 2 ∪A 3)=1−(1−p)3 =p 3−3p 2+3p.
Having computed monthly interest payments and probabilities for early termination, an expected income from the customer's existing loan is calculated. Rules for calculating an expected income are stored in database 18. For example, if a loan period is T months and the customer is repaying the loan in monthly installments, I1, I2, I3, . . . , IT is the interest income, excluding capital repayment, from the customer per month, discounted to the origin of the loan.
If the customer would stay on book until the end of the loan, (e.g. continue paying interest installments), then the total income would be
However, if there is a probability that the customer will early terminate at some point in time the expected income is calculated. If P denotes a probability to early terminate over the lifetime of the loan, then the expected total income is E(Income)=(1−P)*Total Income, where Total Income is calculated as above.
At each point in time (i.e. at every month) using the probability of early termination, Pi, i=1,2, . . . , T, where T is the loan period, and defined above, the early termination model provides an expected income, given the set of probabilities, as
which is incorporated as a rule within database 18.
At the end of month m, the expected income for the remaining loan period will be
To clarify the above, below are two example calculations of expected income. The first calculation is at the beginning of the loan period and the second is at an arbitrarily chosen 20th month.
At the beginning of the loan , (e.g. time=0 and i=1 ) expected total income becomes
At month 20, m=21 and expected income is calculated as
At each particular month, m, the set of probabilities is updated by the modeling algorithm where Pi m is a probability to early terminate at month i, given update information up month m.
As described above, monthly interest income calculations Ii, i=1,2, . . . , T, where T is the loan period, are used to compute expected income calculations. Cash flows for the business showing a monthly internal rate of return are calculated for each customer using the following rule, which is stored within database 18:
Knowing the monthly rate of return the monthly installments, M, are decomposed into capital payments, Bt, and interest payments, It, i.e. M=Bt+It. In one embodiment, M the monthly installments are constant during the lifetime of the agreement. The model is configurable for variable monthly installments as well.
As an illustration, a decomposition for the first two months is given by I1=IRR*L
Losses are avoided by not targeting all consumers. To facilitate loss avoidance, again using the auto loan as an example, an auto finance income curve, also described as a yield curve, is used to calculate an income a lender can expect to receive from the customers for the remaining months of the auto loan. Yield curves are well known in the art and are extensively utilized in financial and government sector in computing yields for various financial instruments. For example, yield curves on bonds are used to show the yields for different bond maturities and also to show the best values in terms of financial growth. In one embodiment, the early termination model is linked with the yield curve within system 22 to identify which consumers should be solicited for loan cross-sell before they terminate their current loan insuring that the lender does not leave any funds not working for them, while also addressing customer retention.
Generation of Customer Leads for Dealers
In addition to the possibility of refinancing and the offering of other loans to try to prevent early loan terminations, other models for customer life cycle management are embodied as rules to identify appropriate communications and actions to present to a finance customer throughout his/her finance lifecycle. Still other models are used to determine which inactive customers, those without current loans, to target for various products, for example, direct auto loans to consumers to buy a new car, buy insurance (including, but not limited to, payment protection insurance (insurance against becoming unable to make payments because of illness), personal accident insurance, and auto insurance), personal loans, and debt consolidation loans to repay auto loans, credit card debt and other non-lender financed loans.
Propensity and timing models 122 use customer characteristics, including, but not limited to, age of current auto, earnings, probable loan period, payment history, percent of current auto that was financed, and current installment payments, to predict a buying period and propensity to purchase for each customer. Predictions of timing and propensity are determined within the models based on computed probabilities, as described above in the early termination model. Direct response model 126 supplements propensity and timing model to increase response and conversion rates using characteristics including, but not limited to, earnings, a time amount the customers has had loans, a time amount the customer has been a customer, marital status, and percentage of current auto that was financed, again based upon computed probabilities. The process described in
In another embodiment, customer characteristics are clustered, using rules stored within database 120, to segment consumers and identify sales opportunities within active and inactive customers. Examples of clustered customer groups, for example, would include young used-car buyers, bargain hunters, families, high spenders and reluctant borrowers. Clustering is based upon groupings of customer characteristics, the characteristics being the customer demographics utilized as model inputs, listed above.
As described above, customer information and model predictions regarding customer purchases are stored in database 120 and are accessible interactively at any time via the internet. The above system and modeling descriptions provide suggested triggers which activate a cross-sell process for an account, generate leads for increased sales, and predict which customers are likely to terminate early or respond to a further marketing campaign.
In one embodiment, the process shown in
Auctioning of Customer Leads to Dealers
As described above, the modeling methods described herein pro-actively seek prospective borrowers from the wider population and can therefore identify prospective customers with a propensity to buy, and further identify the timing of such customer purchases. As also described above, dealers with such customer information would typically market to these prospective customers to invite them to buy their products and take a loan through the dealer from the lender that has provided the modeled prospective customer list. Since the modeled prospective customer list is valuable to dealers wishing to make sales, dealers will pay a lender who provides a list of high probability prospective customers.
The auction described herein is different from a typical auction where the owner of an asset offers the asset for auctioning. The auction described is also different from the reverse auction, which is sometimes called a demand driven auction, where bidders who express their willingness to pay a set amount of dollars for a given service and then offers that amount to suppliers of those services who are willing to meet the price offered by consumers. In essence, demand is driving the auction. The auction described herein is based on an early identification of the needs of customers for a particular product before customers express those needs or demands. Customers' needs are identified by modeling customer data within database 120 (shown in
Although applicable to any type of loan sale, the examples and models described herein use auto loans only as an example, the scope of modeling applications herein described should not be construed to be so limited.
Customer Relationship Management
The modeling and identification of customers who have a probability of early loan termination or a propensity to accept a financing offer have thus far been described, including identification of high probability new customers in the form of lists for access and auction. However, all of the customer list generation has been described in terms of the sale of loan products to these customers. Such modeling and identification techniques are applicable to retailers of products, for example, department stores, where capturing store account financing is one goal of a lender. Retailers are engaged in dynamically competitive businesses, for the most part, and are faced with reducing margins due to competition. Such retailers also have a need for proactive, agile marketing.
Therefore modeling solutions are applicable for targeting of retail customers, providing such modeling solutions are able to deliver specific, targeted customer relationship management solutions. Such solutions enable retailers to increase customer expenditures and enhance loyalty using data driven decisions from the models to target the right communications at the right times to the right customers.
In addition to timing, propensity and direct response modeling as described above, a retail customer relationship management solution includes a hit and run model and a dormancy model. Hit and run customers do not use their store accounts after an introductory purchase or period. One example is where a discount is offered for a first purchase, provided that purchase is done on a store account. Persuading a number of such customers to make another purchase on the store account is, of course, profitable for the store and for the lender who services the store accounts.
A hit and run model includes application variables, transaction variables and geo-demographic variables. Application variables include, but are not limited to, gender, zip code, date of birth, date store account opened, payment methods, card protection information, availability of telephone, and holder of additional store account. Transaction variables include merchandise groups of first and last purchases, division of first and last purchases, total value of all transactions, value spent on first and last days, total number of transactions average transaction value, average daily transaction value number of different divisions, number of different transaction days, largest and smallest daily transaction values. Geo-demographic variables include zip code data, branch data (which stores purchases were made), and distance data from the customer's home to their preferred branch.
The hit and run model is configured to predict a propensity to hit and run using account data from a first week of an accounts existence. Propensity to hit and run may also be determined based on particular transaction variables. The hit and run model and the dormancy model, described below, use customer demographics and account and spending data for determining a probability of hitting and running or dormancy, respectively, similar to the process described above for the early termination model.
A dormancy model is similar to the hit and run model, the difference in definition being that there were no introductory purchases made. Transaction variables in a dormancy model include, but are not limited to, gender, town, customer age, account age, number of purchases in 12 months, value of purchases over 12 months, number of total purchases, value of total purchases, value of transaction, card style, division, style, number of total purchases/account age, value of total purchases/account age, and value of total purchases/number of total purchases.
Customer relationship management solutions are based on key performance indicators, such as the variables described above, and an optimization of spending patterns along retail dimensions through actionable analysis. Solutions include access to embedded clustering analytics provided by models, which are embodied as rules in database 18, for example, to further profile cluster groups, for example, young low spenders, shopaholics and high-frequency shoppers, against key performance indicators, for example, amount spent and transaction frequencies. Such an application of modeling rules provides ad-hoc views of data to be reconstructed and allows profiling of cluster groups against a listing of attributes, for example, age, gender and geographic area.
In one embodiment, the models are embodied as rules within database 18 to predict future spending of each customer in a database in a specified time period. In another embodiment, models are configured to rank order customer accounts that have not had spending activity in a given number of days, to predict a likelihood of spending in the next given number of days. Weeks and months are time frames which are also implemented in the models. In still another embodiment, models are embodied as rules to rank order customer accounts that have had spending activity only once, based on a probability of there ever being any future activity within the account.
The models are used with planned promotional events, configured to determine an optimal mailing list and a size of the mailing, based on a likelihood of response, an overall response rate and profitability margin. Using such models, product purchase patterns are identifiable and key variables which will indicate trends are also predictable. Once a retailer or system user has entered available information into databases, a one-click marketing solution to a campaign is available based on model output. Customer relationships to be managed, include, for example, store credit cards, bank cards, financing of sales, and customer loyalty. Those customer relationships are channeled through multiple retail mediums including point of sale, home shopping, E-commerce and Digital television.
Application of historical data allows the building of models to attempt to capitalize on the future demand of customers. The hit and run and dormancy models described above are configurable to take into account seasonality, socio-economic trends, information on past levels of demand, and other factors enabling dealers to optimize their capacity by predicting those accounts holders who will go dormant.
Logistic regression models are built 308 for each time period and the accuracy of the models is then tested with the validation set, for each time period. The models are validated 310 using a set of Lorenz curves, not shown, as a measure of the predictive power of the models. Logistic regression is a form of statistical modeling that is often appropriate for dichotomous outcomes, for example good and bad. Logistic regression describes the relationship between dichotomous variable and a set of explanatory variables. A logistic model for an ith experimental unit is defined as:
is a cumulative density function for the logistic distribution,
and can also be expressed as a linear function of parameters:
The expected value and variance of the logistic regression model are 0 and
respectively. One of the advantages of statistical modeling is that measures of association are functions of parameters. An association is said to exist between two variables if the behavior of one variable is different, depending on the level of the second variable. In one embodiment, associations are evaluated within a matrix using a statistical measure called concordance. Measures of association are based on the classification of all possible pairs of subjects as concordant pairs. If a pair is concordant, then the subject ranking higher on the row variable also ranks higher on the column variable.
where Xij stands for the number of observations for ith row and jth column.
Similarly, if a pair is disconcordant, then the subject ranking is higher on the row variable and lower on the column variable.
Also, the pair can be tied on the row and column variable.
The higher the concordance, the larger the separation of scores between good and bad accounts. The concordance ratio is a non-negative number, which theoretically may lie between 0 and 1. However, in practice most scores are between 0.6 to 0.95. To ensure that the parameter estimates βk in the logistic regression model have comparable magnitudes for the different independent variables xk, which have different units (i.e. age, deposit, value of the car, interest rate, etc) all the continuous variables have been standardized, i.e.
where E(X) is the mean of X and σ(X) is the standard deviation of X. Therefore by looking at parameter estimates of the models, magnitudes of different independent variables are compared.
Information collected on customers for modeling input is also used to service more than the financial industry. For example, in a travel industry application, information on the use and servicing of the car is used to predict when long trips will be made, presenting opportunities to cross-sell products relating to the travel industry (e.g. travel insurance, foreign currency).
In addition, some customers will want to take advantage of an offer for a product upgrade or replacement. For example, in the auto industry, many auto dealerships offer schemes whereby they will upgrade a customer's vehicle at some point in the future, taking the original vehicle as a part of the exchange. The models described herein make it possible to estimate the residual value of the original vehicle as a function of time, and therefore predict the residual value of the vehicle at the time that it is accepted as a trade-in, knowledge useful to both customers and dealers.
Modeling allows dealers to optimize their portfolio by taking into account particular risks that the dealers may wish to minimize (e.g. a change in the delinquency rate). Modeling finds the correct decision-making process to make with regard to each individual customer, with respect to the type of loan they should be offered, so as to achieve a portfolio which maximizes profit subject to customer-defined risk constraints.
The models are further used to examine the profitability of an individual client at present and into the future. By taking into account loans in the loan portfolio, expected delinquency of accounts, expected early termination, changes in interest rates, etc, to give a complete picture of the revenues and costs of the client. Such a process allows application of individual processes (e.g. cross-selling a personal loan to a customer. The combination of the processes build a portfolio that a dealer may apply selectively to the customer base over the lifetime of the loan.
In addition, web-enabling of the processes described herein is contemplated so that dealer are able to use models over the internet to model or analyze the customer base in their own way, and will have an instant, interactive tool, to indicate which processes should be applied to which customers. Further, development of applications via wireless application protocols (WAP) so that dealers are able to access and apply analyses from the models without the requirement of access to a telephone line or other medium is foreseen. Traditional marketing techniques as postal mailings, couriers as well as Electronic mail targeting are enhanced by targeting the right customers using the modeling outputs.
Modeling processes occur at certain points in the customer lifecycle. Using these processes a mechanism is enabled by which different processes are applied to the customer at each stage of the loan for maximum profitability. While the invention has been described in terms of various specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the claims.
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|U.S. Classification||705/37, 705/38, 705/7.31, 705/7.33|
|International Classification||G06Q10/06, G06Q30/02|
|Cooperative Classification||G06Q10/06, G06Q40/04, G06Q30/0204, G06Q30/02, G06Q40/025, G06Q30/0202|
|European Classification||G06Q10/06, G06Q30/02, G06Q30/0202, G06Q40/025, G06Q40/04, G06Q30/0204|
|Aug 13, 2001||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: GENERAL ELECTRIC CAPITAL CORPORATION, CONNECTICUT
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:NABE, OUMAR;FOGARTY, DAVID J.;BELL, IAN R.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:012070/0903;SIGNING DATES FROM 20010615 TO 20010706
|Dec 31, 2001||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: GENERAL ELECTRIC CAPITAL CORPORATION, CONNECTICUT
Free format text: REQUEST FOR CORRECTED RECORDATION OF ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNORS:NABE, OUMAR;FOGARTY, DAVID J.;BELL, IAN R.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:012752/0001;SIGNING DATES FROM 20010615 TO 20010706
|Jun 6, 2011||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 4, 2015||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8