Do you “believe” in evolution? A new survey reveals that your answer can be predicted in large part by your political loyalties. The Pew Research Center finds that two-thirds of Democrats accept the validity of evolution, in contrast with the 43% of Republicans. The latter figure, remarkably, has shrunk by 11 percentage points since 2009, when Pew performed a similar survey.
In a time of great divides over religion and politics, it’s not surprising that we treat evolution the way we do political issues. But here’s the problem: As settled science, evolution is not a matter of opinion, or something one chooses to believe in or not, like a religious proposition. And by often framing the matter this way, we involved in the news media, Internet debates and everyday conversation do a disservice to science, religion and our prospects for having a scientifically literate country.
As a progressive, I’m tempted to blame willful ignorance by those on the “other side” when I see the sharp rise in Republicans rejecting evolution, and the always-high percentage of white evangelical Protestants (64% in the Pew poll) who believe that humans were created by God in their present form; i.e. no evolution.
But partisan politics isn’t the end of the story. More than a quarter of Democrats reject evolution, as do half of Protestant blacks. Women are 10 percentage points more likely to reject evolution than men.
Willful ignorance plays a part in this dynamic. But so does the poor job done by the field of science in engaging the public. And the way the evolution vs. creation standoff is framed in the popular conversation, you can understand why many are led to believe we have an either-or decision to make: evolution or God?
Consider the headlines and social media chatter surrounding the Pew survey release. “Surprising Number Of Americans Don’t Believe In Evolution,” announcedThe Huffington Post. As CBSNews.com put it: “Republicans’ belief in evolution plummets.” Facebook sports a page titled, “I don’t believe in evolution.” As its owner elaborates, “I don’t believe that we evolved from monkeys; I believe that God created us.”
For starters, “belief” means something different in a religion conversation than it means when we’re talking about science. In the case of faith, it usually means accepting the moral and spiritual truth of something and giving it your trust and devotion. In talking about evolution, it is more precise to call it “scientifically valid” or “an accurate account of what we observe.” No leaps of faith or life-altering commitments required.
Second, despite the way it’s often discussed by creationists and anti-religion zealots, evolution says nothing about the existence of God. A scientific concept backed by an overwhelming amount of supporting evidence, evolution describes a process by which species change over time. It hazards no speculations about the origins of that process.
Third, as a good number of Christians in this country understand, it is more than possible to accept the validity of evolution and believe in God’s role in creation at the same time. Even among theologically conservative Christians, we see an “evolution” in the understanding of faith and science. “Divine evolution,” anyone? It’s a concept that is catching on as more evangelicals come to see evolution as God’s way of orchestrating an on-going process of creation.
In sum, we are not faced with a stark choice between God and science. Unless we read the Bible as a collection of facts as we would a textbook (which, admittedly, some 30% of Americans do), people can place their trust in God the creator and accept the scientific validity of evolution.
What’s sad about this misunderstanding over evolution and faith is the effect it has on the ability of religious conservatives to participate in science, either as a career track or in the informed-citizen sense. Largely because of the evolution standoff, pastors and parents in the evangelical sphere often steer young people away from science-related careers. And this general mistrust of science in our country — due in part to evolution rejection — hamstrings our ability to make thoughtful decisions informed by facts and evidence in addition to loyalties, beliefs and emotions.
You don’t believe in evolution? No problem. It does not ask that of you.
Tom Krattenmaker, a writer specializing in religion in public life and a member of USA Today’s Board of Contributors, is author of The Evangelicals You Don’t Know.