Potassium is a mineral and electrolyte that serves critical biological, metabolic and chemical functions in the body. Digestion, absorption and proper regulation of the heart, nerves, kidneys and digestive organs require potassium. A low level of potassium in the bloodstream is termed hypokalemia, and can be life threatening if left untreated.
Hypokalemia is rarely the result of dietary deficiencies, as potassium is abundant in foods. Potassium depletion is often the result of abnormal losses through prolonged vomiting and diarrhea, dehydration, malnutrition, diuretics and laxative abuse. Early symptoms of hypokalemia include confusion, muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat and, in severe cases, can lead to cardiac arrest and death. Low potassium levels can be detected through a blood test and corrected by a high-potassium diet or supplementation.
The quickest way to increase potassium levels is through pharmacological preparations. Supplements come in liquid, powder, tablets and extended-release capsules and should be taken with a full glass of water or juice. Commonly prescribed supplements on the market are potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium citrate, potassium acetate and potassium gluconate. Supplements should be taken only under the direction of a physician, and levels should be monitored due to its potential for toxicity.
Dangers of Excess Potassium
Excess potassium in the body is termed hyperkalemia and early symptoms include nausea, diarrhea and confusion. Higher levels of toxicity cause muscle weakness, stomach pain, abnormal heartbeat, chest pain and eventually cardiac arrest. High-potassium diets rarely cause hyperkalemia because the kidney excretes the excess in the urine. Although the safest way to increase potassium levels is through dietary consumption, supplements are indicated for faster action and long-term maintenance.
Food Sources of Potassium
Potassium is a component of all living cells and present in all fresh and unprocessed foods. The recommended dietary intake for potassium is 4,700 milligrams per day, which can easily be met through a varied diet. Fresh fruits and vegetables are the most significant sources, particularly potatoes, winter squash, green leafy vegetables, legumes, bananas, citrus, cantaloupe, avocado and dried fruits. Salmon, cod, sardines, milk, sirloin steak, chicken breast, seeds, nuts and whole-grain breads and cereals are also rich in potassium.
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