Human Development - Chapter 10, Physical Development, Ages 1-3
Objective: Students will identify
how growth is changing, compared to the
first year, what physical developmental
milestones occur from the age of 1-3, and
what care skills are important for the 1-3
year old (sleeping, nutrition, self care, and
health and safety).
Standards: 06-12.5.1, 5.A, 5.B, 5.C
do we call them “toddlers”?
the ages of one and three, children
take short, tottering steps, called toddling,
when they are learning to walk
do we call them “preschoolers”?
begin to show greater variation in
size different continues through life. A
tall 2 year old often grows to be a tall adult.
By the ages of 3, a child stands straighter
legs and torso lengthen.
Improves balance and coordination
1 year old – 8 teeth
2 year old – 16 teeth
3 year old – 20 teeth
To prevent tooth decay a child should:
Have a diet high in Calcium and Vitamin D
Drink tap water with floride
Limit sweets and sugary drinks
Don’t send a bottle to bed with a child
Brush teeth daily. Teach and monitor teeth
See a dentist about 18 months old
gross and fine motor skills improve
Climb walk run jump
Eat with spoon
sleep about 6 or more hours a night
nap for several hours a day
need 10-14 hours of sleep a day
Usually have an afternoon nap
Having a bedtime routine is important!
of the dark
Night terrors: a type of sleep disturbance
that occurs during the first few hours of
sleep, when children are sleeping deeply.
turn off disturbing TV
reduce the stress in their life
eating habits formed at this age will
influence eating for the rest of a child’s
important to offer a variety of healthy
foods and allow the child to pick.
exposing them to foods that
they don’t eat, as their tastes and habits
1-2 years old don’t need to eat as
often as compared to the 1st year, but their
stomachs are still small. Still need to eat
every 3-4 hours.
amount they eat day to day can vary
greatly. Why is this??
a good role model.
them help in the kitchen.
use food as a reward or withhold food
as a punishment.
water vs. sugary drinks.
Should avoid hard foods-carrots
Can use a spoon
Can use utensils, but it may take a while to eat.
Usually have all of their primary teeth, so chewing is no
Are skillful with utensils.
Meats still need to be cut into small pieces.
Provide a variety of color.
Provide a variety of textures.
Be creative. (cut foods using a cookie
cutter, cut foods into shapes)
Serve both hot and cold in a
of eating: They are more likely to eat
what is easy to eat-cut up spaghetti, use
ground beef instead of steak.
more often as they get older. WHY?
transfer the responsibility of bathing
and washing to the child. By the age of
3, they would be able to do it all by
in the tub is very important.
A child can drown in 1 in. of water.
Never leave a child alone in the tub.
Be careful of falls.
Most are ready about 2-3 years old
How to know if they are ready:
Physically a child must be able to control their bladder and
Sphincter muscles: muscles that help regulate elimination.
This level of maturity is typically reached at 18 months.
Emotionally a child needs to show an interest and want to
use the toilet.
Children have to be able to dress and undress
It’s best to start during calm period in a child’s life.
Expect accidents and never scold a child for an
Checkups occur at 12, 15, 18, and 24 months and
then usually yearly.
Illnesses are common and usually minor.
Children’s immune systems are not as strong as
Illnesses like the flu can be life threatening.
See a doctor if you are concerned!
a list of things a caregiver should do to
provide a safe environment for a child.
Be aware of choking hazards-children should stay
seated when eating and be monitored by an
Toys should be safe and not include small parts that can
break off or be removed.
Keep all poisons locked up.
Keep children away from
candles, matches, fireplaces, etc. They should
know some basic fire safety at this age.
Car seats-They should ALWAYS be a in a car
seat, and be placed in the back seat.
Watch kids around pets.
Keep them protected from the sun.