Immunology - Related Links
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|Specialist</th>||Immunologist</tr></table> Immunology is a branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. It deals with the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, transplant rejection); the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in vitro, in situ and in vivo. Immunology has applications in several disciplines of science, and as such is further divided. Even before the concept of immunity (from immunis, Latin for "exempt") was developed, numerous early physicians characterized organs that would later prove to be part of the immune system. The key primary lymphoid organs of the immune system are the thymus and bone marrow, and secondary lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, and skin and liver. When health conditions warrant, immune system organs including the thymus, spleen, portions of bone marrow, lymph nodes and secondary lymphatic tissues can be surgically excised for examination while patients are still alive. Many components of the immune system are actually cellular in nature and not associated with any specific organ but rather are embedded or circulating in various tissues located throughout the body.|
|Profession / Specialty|
According to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (AAAAI), "an immunologist is a research scientist who investigates the immune system of vertebrates (including the human immune system). Immunologists include research scientists (PhDs) who work in laboratories. Immunologists also include physicians who, for example, treat patients with immune system disorders. Some immunologists are physician-scientists who combine laboratory research with patient care."
Career in immunology
Bioscience is the overall major in which undergraduate students who are interested in general well-being take in college. Immunology is a branch of bioscience for undergraduate programs but the major gets specified as students move on for graduate program in immunology. The aim of immunology is to study the health of humans and animals through effective yet consistent research, (AAAAI, 2013). The most important thing about being immunologists is the research because it is the biggest portion of their jobs.
Most graduate immunology schools follow the AAI courses immunology which are offered throughout numerous schools in the U.S. For example, in New York State, there are several universities that offer the AAI courses immunology: Albany Medical College, Cornell University, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York University Langone Medical Center, University at Albany (SUNY), University at Buffalo (SUNY), University of Rochester Medical Center and Upstate Medical University (SUNY). The AAI immunology courses include an Introductory Course and an Advance Course. The Introductory Course is a course that gives students an overview of the basics of immunology.
In addition, this Introductory Course gives students more information to complement general biology or science training. It also has two different parts: Part I is an introduction to the basic principles of immunology and Part II is a clinically-oriented lecture series. On the other hand, the Advanced Course is another course for those who are willing to expand or update their understanding of immunology. It is advised for students who want to attend the Advanced Course to have a background of the principles of immunology. Most schools require students to take electives in other to complete their degrees. A Master’s degree requires two years of study following the attainment of a Bachelor’s degree. For a Doctoral or Ph.D. program it is required to take two additional years of study.
The expectation of occupational growth in immunology is an increase of 36 percent from 2010 to 2020. The median annual wage was $76,700 in May 2010. However, the lowest 10 percent of immunologists earned less than $41,560, and the top 10 percent earned more than $142,800, (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2013). The practice of immunology itself is not specified by the U.S. Department of Labor but it belongs to the practice of life science in general.
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- History of immunology
- International Reviews of Immunology
- List of immunologists
- Outline of immunology
Notes and references
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- Pradeu T; Carosella ED (2006). "On the definition of a criterion of immunogenicity". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 103(47): 17858–17861. doi:10.1073/pnas.0608683103.
- Pradeu T; Jaeger S; Vivier E (2013). "The speed of change: towards a discontinuity theory of immunity?". Nature Reviews Immunology. 13(10): 764–769. doi:10.1038/nri3521.
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-  North Carolina Association for Biomedical Research, 2013.
-  American Association of Immunology, n.d.
-  The American Association of Immunologists, n.d.
-  Stanford School of Medicine.
- http://www.bls.gov/bls/confidentiality.htm Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2013, May 02.
- http://www.bls.gov/bls/confidentiality.htm Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2013.
- The Immunology Link
- American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
- British Society for Immunology
- Annual Review of Immunology journal
- BMC: Immunology at BioMed Central, an open-access journal publishing original peer-reviewed research articles.
- Nature reviews: Immunology
- The Immunology Database and Analysis Portal, a NIAID-funded database resource.
- Immunology group at researchgate.net.
- Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies
- Immunology Simplified—from AIDS to ZZZZZZ (PowerPoint file).
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