|Publication number||US8132125 B2|
|Application number||US 11/555,021|
|Publication date||6 Mar 2012|
|Filing date||31 Oct 2006|
|Priority date||30 Jul 2002|
|Also published as||US7137077, US20040021701, US20070057930|
|Publication number||11555021, 555021, US 8132125 B2, US 8132125B2, US-B2-8132125, US8132125 B2, US8132125B2|
|Inventors||Marieke Iwema, Leroy B. Keely, F. David Jones, Robert J. Jarrett|
|Original Assignee||Microsoft Corporation|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (73), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (3), Classifications (15), Legal Events (3)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This is a Continuation Application of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/207,134 filed Jul. 30, 2002 in which the contents of said application are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Aspects of the present invention are directed generally to systems and methods for controlling a graphical user interface (GUI). Specifically, aspects of the present invention relate to providing systems and methods to allow users to select and manipulate electronic or digital ink.
Graphical user interfaces have created a revolution in the field of computers. Instead of having to memorize arcane commands, the user can now manipulate software applications by controlling graphical objects representing their various functions and components. Conventional computer systems, especially computer systems using graphical user interface (GUI) systems, accept user input from one or more discrete input devices, such as a keyboard for entering text, and a pointing device, such as a mouse with one or more buttons, for operating the user interface. The keyboard and mouse interface provides for creation and modification of documents, spreadsheets, database fields, drawings, photos and the like. This GUI has proven effective, but a new step in the evolution of computing has revealed several drawbacks to existing GUIs.
Specifically, the introduction of pen-based computing devices has changed the way individuals view the GUI, and the manner in which users interact with their computers. Some pen-based computing devices, include a personal data assistant (PDA) or the Tablet PC. While there are a number of designs, a pen-based computing device is generally interacted by user by way of a physical writable surface and a writing implement. The writable surface may be a display surface or a writing pad. Rather than a standard keyboard or mouse interface, the navigation and control of the GUI occurs via the writing implement. While pen-based computing devices have been helpful, the transition to a computer-based inking arrangement may prove difficult indeed. This new approach to user interfaces has revealed problems and deficiencies in the traditional GUI described above. Examples of these problems will be discussed below.
One common use of computers and GUIs is to generate and edit electronic documents. These electronic documents can contain text (e.g., electronic word processors) and/or images (e.g., pictures), which are displayed on the user's screen for editing. However, in a pen-based computing environment, users may attempt to use text-based techniques for selecting objects. These text-based techniques are restrictive and can be counterintuitive for working in a pen-based computer environment.
The selection in text systems is based on the placement of an insertion point in the document. A mouse input device is used for pointing and selecting objects. For example, the user typically uses the mouse to move an onscreen pointer to the desired characters, and presses a button on the mouse for an insertion point. Then the user drags the pointer over characters to select them. The selection of the particular character may be reflected in a change in its appearance. For example, electronic word processing programs may display in black on a white background. The text may be arranged automatically in uniform rows of text across the user's screen, where the rows of text are assigned a predefined height based on user-defined settings (e.g., the use of 12 pt. font, the line spacing, etc.). Upon selecting these words the selected text may be given a white color, and the rectangular area inhabited by the text in the row may be given a black background that serves as a blocked selection highlight, identifying the selected text. The black blocked selection highlight occupies the entire row height, and serves to differentiate the selected text from the non-selected text.
Although this previous approach to highlighting text works in the restricted uniform, line-by-line environment of traditional word processors, this approach is undesirable in other environments that allow a greater degree of freedom movement and expression, such as pen-based computing devices. For example, in systems where the text is handwritten ink (e.g., on a personal data assistant using a touch-sensitive screen or a Tablet), the user is permitted to write text above, below, and at other angles to any such regimented lines. The lines are often not present on a writing surface. In the freeform environment, the ink is placed on the writing surface in non-uniform patterns and irregular patterns. Users may write and sketch on the same electronic page and/or annotate ink sketches. As a result, the handwritten ink characters and sketches are not in straight lines, even if the guide lines are present. The “blocked” approach discussed above does not allow for efficient selecting irregular non-uniform patterns of handwritten ink, non-ink graphical objects, and/or ink sketches. As a result, the blocked approach in a handwritten environment results in confusion as to what is actually selected, selecting the wrong objects, imprecision and inefficiency for the user.
Notwithstanding the drawbacks of “block selection” techniques of conventional word processing programs and the like, various tools have been developed to assist a user in selecting specific graphical objects for manipulation. For instances, some software applications allow a user to form a “rubber band” rectangle around one or more adjacent graphical objects. With this rubber band rectangle tool, a user activates the selection function, places a cursor at a first location, and then drags the cursor to a second location. As the cursor is being dragged, the tool forms a rectangular selection box with the first location of the cursor and the current location of the cursor as opposite vertices of the selection box. By continuing to drag the cursor, a user can change the dimensions of the selection box to encompass one or more graphical objects. When the user releases the selection function, the graphical objects completely encompassed by the selection box are selected for subsequent manipulation.
While this type of selection tool provides some ability for a user to select individual graphical objects, this tool has several drawbacks. First, the tool forms a single rectangular selection area. In many cases, a user may wish to select multiple graphical objects that cannot be bounded by a single rectangular selection box without that box also encompassing graphical objects that the user does not wish to select. This maybe a particularly significant drawback when the graphical objects are handwritten words is irregular pattern and a user may want to simultaneously select words forming sentences that do not always start or end beginning or end of a line. Additionally, the single rectangular approach goes around an object akin to a surround select approach. This approach can be counterintuitive for working in a pen-based computer environment and may create barriers to adoption of pen-based computing systems.
Second, in order to select a graphical object, the selection box must completely encompass that object. If a user is working quickly, the user may inadvertently form a selection box that does not entirely encompass a desired graphical object, even if the box borders hits the graphical object. When the user then releases the selection function, the desired object may not always be selected. Some alternate arrangements of this tool require the selection box to encompass only a designated center of a graphical object, but the user may still encircle a large portion of a desired object without actually selecting that object. Third, the nature of handwritten ink can render a rectangular selection tool problematic and ineffective. For example, handwritten ink characters can have ascenders and descenders from individual letters that may overlap on each other when the ink is on a particular page. As a result, the overlapping nature of the handwritten ink can make it difficult to select a particular line of handwriting with a rectangular selection tool. Thus, the use of this tool requires an inconvenient amount of precision from the user and can be inefficient.
In some existing systems, a drag selection approach, akin to holding down a mouse button and dragging to select text in a text editor may select large areas of blank space (i.e., white space) on the page. When this selected text is cut and pasted (using standard computer-based text editing techniques), the large volume of selected blank space may produce an unintended and surprising result. This result is counterintuitive to the average computer user because conventional text editing systems work differently. The unfamiliar operation of a pen-based system compared to known text based systems creates barriers to adoption of pen-based computing systems.
Accordingly, there is a need for a selection tool that will allow a user to conveniently select one or more graphical objects in their entirety, without requiring an inconvenient amount of precision from the user and provide a significant degree of freedom for selection. Further, there is a need for a selection tool that can be flexibly used to select a graphical objects that are not arranged in a straight line for freeform environments, and which indicates to the user when one or more objects actually are selected during the selection process.
Aspects of the present invention pertain to an encounter select tool, which allows a user to create a freeform path in a graphical environment to as to select one or more graphical objects. Thus, overcoming one or more problems in previous systems.
As the user drags a pen, a freeform selection path is created so that the encounter select tool selects graphical objects that are encountered. In one aspect, a user is enabled to drag a pen to select ink in a freeform graphical environment. In one aspect, an encounter select tool enables a user to draw a freeform line of selection ink so as to select one or more graphical objects, such as ink objects or non-ink objects. The user is provided with the freedom to input selection ink, in any orientation, and using any desired selection ink stroke size provided by the encounter select tool. In another aspect, the encounter select tool may change the visual appearance of any graphical object once selected. In one aspect, the encounter select tool may give a selected ink object in a hollow appearance or halo for visual user feedback.
In one aspect, the encounter select tool allows a user to select ink having a particular property. In this way, the encounter select tool may enable the user to only select the ink with a particular property, while leaving the remainder of the ink intact, e.g. non-selected. In one case, the encounter select tool provides the ability to select the color of ink or graphical object to be used for the selection. In another aspect, the encounter select tool can recognize various selection gestures coordinated with a semantic relationship of the ink so that the number of selection ink strokes can be minimized. In further aspects, the encounter select tool may change for different selection modes depending on the type of graphical object encountered and change of the context for a particular selection. In a further aspect, the encounter select tool enables discontinuous selections of graphical objects using a selection path and/or selected ink. Thus, the user is provided with an intuitive encountering select tool for dragging a pen to an object to select a graphical object.
The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent and fully understood from the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are included by way of example, and not by way of limitation with regard to the claimed invention.
The following description is divided into sub-sections to assist the reader. The sub-sections include: Terms, Overview, Illustrative Operating Environment, Use of the Encounter Select Tool, The Encounter Select Tool, and Summarization.
As used herein the term “stroke” refers to a sequence or set of captured points. For example, when rendered, the sequence of points may be connected with lines. Alternatively, a stroke may be represented as a point and a vector in the direction of the next point. In short, a stroke is intended to encompass any representation of points or segments relating to ink, irrespective of the underlying representation of points and/or what connects the points.
As used herein the term “ink” refers to a sequence or a set of handwritten strokes. The strokes may be for characters and/or sketches. The strokes may be combined with one or more properties.
As used herein the term “selection ink” refers ink that is intended for choosing a particular graphical object for manipulation. For example, the selection ink may be combined with one or more properties and may be presented visually or not shown. The selection ink can be invisible, but a selection path may include the selection ink.
As used herein the term “point” refers to information defining a location in predefined space. For example, a point may be defined relative to a capturing space (for example, points on a digitizer) and/or a display space (the points or pixels of a display device). Points may be represented using a variety of known techniques including two dimensional Cartesian coordinates (X, Y), polar coordinates, three dimensional coordinates, and other techniques as known in the art.
As used herein the term “ink word” refers to one or more handwritten strokes. Each stroke in an ink word has a location associated with the stroke.
As used herein the terms “text word” or “text” refers to machine-generated text. Text words may be introduced into the systems of the invention in any suitable manner, such as by an input device (e.g., a keyboard), by downloading (e.g., from memory or a network connection), by selecting from a menu, or from input ink words converted to machine-generated text via handwriting recognition software.
As used herein the term “gesture” refers to a movement of a stylus or pen that is for commanding or controlling the functionality of a software program or a computer as opposed to applying ink for characters.
Examples of the present invention relate to systems and methods for selecting and manipulating electronic or digital ink. In several aspects, a user is provided with “drag to select” features for ink. In one aspect, the encounter select tool of the present invention allows a user to drag a tip of a stylus to form a freeform line of selection ink in order to select one or more graphical objects for manipulation or other operation. As the user draws this freeform selection line, the encounter select tool selects graphical objects that are “touched” by the selection ink. This selection ink thus graphically demonstrates to the user the graphical objects for selection. Therefore, the encounter select tool does not have the limitations of a box or rectangle which are bound to lines in text-based systems. The user is provided with the freedom to select graphical objects in any orientation, and using any desired selection ink stroke size provided by the encounter select tool. Thus, the encounter select tool of the present invention provides a convenient intuitive selection tool for irregularly shaped objects, such as ink objects. Further, the tool conveniently allows for the selection of irregularly or dispersed positioned objects, such as objects that are not arranged in a straight line. Thus, there is no need for an insertion point as in text systems.
In another aspect, the encounter select tool may change the visual appearance of any graphical object once selected. For example, the encounter select tool may give a selected ink object a hollow appearance or halo appearance for visual user feedback. In a further aspect, the encounter select tool may provide the ability to select the color of ink to be used for the selection. For example, a user may have written ink in different colors, such a red color for editing or annotation in ink of a document. In this example, the encounter select tool enables the user to only select the red color ink, while leaving the remainder of the ink intact. In another aspect, the encounter select tool can recognize various selection gestures coordinated with a semantic relationship of the ink so that the number of selection ink strokes can be minimized. In further aspects, the encounter select tool may change for different selection modes depending on the type of graphical object encountered and change of the context for a particular selection.
Illustrative Operating Environment
Aspects of the encounter select tool of the present invention may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Typically the functionality of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments. As noted above, the present invention relates to the selection of graphical objects displayed by a computer system. Accordingly, it may be helpful for a better understanding of the invention to briefly discuss the components and operation of a general purpose computing environment on which various embodiments of the present invention may be implemented. Such an exemplary computer system is illustrated in
A basic input/output system 160 (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computer 100, such as during start-up, is stored in the ROM 140. The computer 100 also includes a hard disk drive 170 for reading from and writing to a hard disk (not shown), a magnetic disk drive 180 for reading from or writing to a removable magnetic disk 190, and an optical disk drive 191 for reading from or writing to a removable optical disk 192, such as a CD ROM or other optical media. The hard disk drive 170, magnetic disk drive 180, and optical disk drive 191 are connected to the system bus 130 by a hard disk drive interface 192, a magnetic disk drive interface 193, and an optical disk drive interface 194, respectively. The drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, and other data for the personal computer 100. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of computer readable media that may store data that is accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, Bernoulli cartridges, random access memories (RAMs), read only memories (ROMs), and the like, may also be used in the example operating environment.
A number of program modules may be stored on the hard disk drive 170, magnetic disk 190, optical disk 192, ROM 140, or RAM 150, including an operating system 195, one or more application programs 196, other program modules 197, and program data 198. A user may enter commands and information into the computer 100 through input devices, such as a keyboard 101 and a pointing device 102. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices often are connected to the processing unit 110 through a serial port interface 106 that is coupled to the system bus 130, but may be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, game port, or a universal serial bus (USB). Further still, these devices may be coupled directly to the system bus 130 via an appropriate interface (not shown). A monitor 107 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 130 via an interface, such as a video adapter 108.
In addition to the monitor 107, personal computers typically include other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers and printers. As one example, a pen digitizer 165 and accompanying pen or user input device 166 are provided in order to digitally capture freehand input. The pen digitizer 165 may be coupled to the processing unit 110 via the serial port interface 106 and the system bus 130, as shown in
The computer 100 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 109. The remote computer 109 may be a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device, or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer 100, although only a memory storage device 111 with related applications programs 196 have been illustrated in
When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 100 is connected to the local network 112 through a network interface or adapter 114. When used in a WAN networking environment, the personal computer 100 typically includes a modem 115 or other means for establishing a communications link over the wide area network 113, e.g., to the Internet. The modem 115, which may be internal or external, is connected to the system bus 130 via the serial port interface 106. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the personal computer 100, or portions thereof, may be stored in a remote memory storage device.
It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other techniques for establishing a communications link between the computers may be used. The existence of any of various well-known protocols such as TCP/IP, Ethernet, FTP, HTTP and the like is presumed, and the system may be operated in a client-server configuration to permit a user to retrieve web pages from a web-based server. Any of various conventional web browsers may be used to display and manipulate data on web pages.
The stylus 204 may be equipped with one or more buttons or other features to augment its selection capabilities. In one example, the stylus 204 may be implemented as a “pencil” or “pen,” in which one end constitutes a writing element and the other end constitutes an “eraser” end, and which, when moved across the display, indicates portions of the display to be erased. Other types of input devices, such as a mouse, trackball, or the like may be used. Additionally, a user's own finger may be the stylus 204 and used for selecting or indicating portions of the displayed image on a touch-sensitive or proximity-sensitive display. Consequently, the term “user input device,” as used herein, is intended to have a broad definition and encompasses many variations on well-known input devices, such as the stylus 204.
Use of the Encounter Select Tool
With continued reference to
As seen in
With various aspects of the encounter select tool of the present invention, the tool may change the appearance of a graphical object in the two-dimensional space rendered by the display surface 202 when that object is selected. Turning to
While the selection ink path 400 shown in
The Encounter Select Tool
As will be appreciated, the user interface component 502 provides a user interface in a two-dimensional space rendered by a display. This two-dimensional space contains the graphical objects that can be selected by the encounter select tool 500, and may be, for example, a workspace containing the user interface of another software application, such as Microsoft WORDŽ. The user interface component 502 allows a user to both write selection ink and view the results of the selection process in the two-dimensional space. Accordingly, in step 802, the user interface component 502 may collect selection ink drawn by a user to form the selection ink path 400 (see
The hit detection component 504 receives the selection ink collected by the user interface component 502, and, in step 804, determines whether a graphical object, such as an ink stroke has been encountered by the selection ink. Hit detection component 504 may include various techniques for detecting a stroke of ink. As previously noted, each stroke comprises ink with a set of captured points. In two-dimensional space, x-y Cartesian coordinates of the strokes may intersect the points of the selection ink for one to one correspondence of the points. Alternatively, the hit detection component 504 may have a preset tolerance value coordinated with a distance from the selection ink. This tolerance value may be a few or more pixels to reduce high precision of selection of the strokes.
In one aspect, the hit detection component 504 may be configured to “hit” only ink strokes having a particular ink property, such as a particular color on the display surface 202. In one aspect, a first ink word object can have a first color value and a second ink word object can have a second color value, that is different from the first color value. The encounter select tool 500 with hit detection component 504 may only select first ink word object with the first color value regardless whether the second ink word object is in the selection ink path. For example, a user may have written ink in different colors, such as a red color for editing or annotation in ink of a document composed in ink or a document of text and ink. The user would move the stylus 204 across the desired area. The encounter select tool 500 enables the user to only select the red color ink, while leaving the remainder of the ink or text intact. Since the ink may have preset color values, the selectable color property of the encounter selection tool 500 may be accomplished with hit detection component 504 programmed to recognize a particular color value of the ink. It be will appreciated that objects will generally be determined to have intersected the selection ink path or almost within a tolerance value, then the color value of the object will be compared to the predetermined color value for the encounter selection tool 500. Nevertheless, the encounter select tool may be configured to select ink strokes that has a particular property, in which the color value is just one example of an implementation. The other properties may include thickness of strokes, bold, italics, ink created by a particular user, and the like.
In step 806, the encountered objects may be added to the selection as the selection ink is laid down or after a pen-up action of the stylus. The user interface component 502 can then change the appearance of the objects to provide a visual feedback indicating a selection of the objects by the encounter select tool 500. On the hand, once an object has been selected, a user can also remove the object from the selection or dismiss/clear the entire selection of objects. For example, in step 810, the user can double back or shorten the selection ink path 400 (see
In step 812, once the graphical objects have been selected with the encounter select tool 500, the user can manipulate the objects for any desired operation. For example, the objects can be move to another location on the display surface, deleted, cut and pasted between applications, operations, and the like. In step 814, the encounter select tool 500 or encounter select mode is deactivated by the user.
Once the ink strokes are collected, user interface component 602 may send the ink to hit detection component 604. Ink recognizer component 608 recognizes ink strokes made by a user or other method. In one case, the various semantics of the ink relationship can be determined prior to a selection ink path being applied to the display. Hit detection component 604 is configurable via software control to receive the appropriate data for an ink classification mode. In other words, the hit detection component 602 may encounter the handwritten ink via an ink word level, an ink line level, or an ink paragraph level, rather than just the ink stroke level. For example, if a selection path ink contacts any part of an ink word, then the entire ink word can be selected. The benefits of this type of hit detection are more apparent as implemented for ink paragraphs. In one case, if a diagonal selection ink path is applied though the corners of the ink paragraph, the entire paragraph becomes hit or selected. Alternatively, if a vertical selection ink path is applied through an ink paragraph, the entire paragraph may be selected. As can be appreciated this type of functionality has significant advantages. First, there is a time savings and improved user efficiency, because a small quantity of selection ink strokes are used. It is possible to only have a single selection ink stroke to select an ink paragraph. Accordingly, the user can quickly apply the selection ink path over the desired ink word or ink paragraph. Second, there is improved usability and flexibility of pen-based computing system 201, because of the intuitive nature of using selection ink strokes to approximate a pen and paper experience. Nevertheless, after detection of the ink words, ink paragraphs, or ink lines, the hit detection component can inform user selection component 702 of the selection and change the appearance, accordingly.
Once the selection ink strokes are collected, user interface component 702 sends the selection ink to hit detection component 704. Context recognizer component 708 recognizes the previous ink strokes and non-ink data. For example, a display surface 202 may include graphical objects in ink, images, or text. Context recognizer 708 by scanning the display surface may classify the each type of graphical object. For the encounter select tool 700, hit detection component 702 may be configurable via software control to receive the appropriate data for a context mode. In such a case, the hit detection component 704 can encounter the handwritten ink, the images and text and then a graphical change may occur to the selection tool. For example, if text is encountered, the selection tool may transform into a familiar text cursor for line by line selection for text editing. This type of transformation based on the context of the graphical object may be beneficial for user transitioning to a pen-based computing environment. The user may be familiar with a text cursor for a text editor and want to use this type of selection until they are ready for a different selection approach.
In the various aspects of the present invention, encounter select tool 500, 600, 700 with hit detection component 502, 602, 702, respectively, enables multiple graphical objects to be selected by being hit or contacted by the selection ink on the display surface 202. As illustrated in
Alternatively, as shown in
In other aspects, the encounter select tool 500, 600, and 700 may store the order of sequential selection of the graphical objects. This feature may be applied to any operation for which an order relationship between the objects can be used for input. For example, the order of the objects selected can be used for an automatic numbering list of object. In another example, the order of the ink work objects selected by the encounter selection tool may be used in an ink-to-text conversion operation.
In another aspect, encounter select tool 500, 600, and 700 may select graphical objects in a three-dimensionally rendered work space. It will be appreciated that the display surface 202 can be modeled as a two-dimensional plane with X-Y coordinates and can be mapped for a z-coordinate variable to form a three-dimensional space. In this arrangement, display surface 202 is configured as pressure sensitive so that the movement of ink and selection ink can adjusted in the z-coordinate direction for depth. A light pressure stroke of the stylus 204 tip against the display surface 202 has less depth than a heavy pressure stroke. Nonetheless, encounter select tool 500, 600, 700 has the same functionally in the three-dimensional arrangement.
As apparent from the foregoing description, the encounter select tool of the present invention provides a flexible and convenient tool for selecting graphical objects. As the user draws this freeform selection path, the encounter select tool selects graphical objects that are encountered by the path. In another aspect, the encounter select tool may change the visual appearance of any graphical object for visual user feedback once selected. Thus, the encounter select tool of the present invention provides a convenient selection tool for irregularly shaped objects, such as ink objects. Further, the tool conveniently allows for the selection of irregularly positioned objects, such as objects that are not always arranged in a straight line. In a further aspect, the encounter select tool provides the ability to select the ink having a particular property. In another aspect, the encounter select tool can recognize various selection gestures coordinated with a semantic relationship of the ink. In further aspects, the encounter select tool may change for different selection modes depending on the type of graphical object encountered and change of the context for a particular selection.
Accordingly, there are any number of alternative combinations for defining the invention, which incorporate one or more elements from the specification, including the description, claims, and drawings, in various combinations or sub combinations. It will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant technology, in light of the present specification, that alternate combinations of aspects of the invention, either alone or in combination with one or more elements or steps defined herein, may be utilized as modifications or alterations of the invention or as part of the invention. It may be intended that the written description of the invention contained herein covers all such modifications and alterations.
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|U.S. Classification||715/863, 715/777, 715/231, 345/617, 345/181, 345/179, 715/230, 715/268|
|International Classification||G06F3/048, G09G5/00, G06F3/00, G06F3/041, G06F3/033|
|3 Jun 2008||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: MICROSOFT CORPORATION, WASHINGTON
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:IWEMA, MARIEKE;KEELY, LEROY B.;JONES, F. DAVID;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:021033/0031
Effective date: 20020730
|9 Dec 2014||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING, LLC, WASHINGTON
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MICROSOFT CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:034542/0001
Effective date: 20141014
|19 Aug 2015||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4