Both are grammatically acceptable, but have different meanings. Saying "You don't...?" is a question you would ask to confirm what you already think. Saying "Do you ...?" is just a regular question.
For example, if you are thinking about buying some ice cream for dessert, you could ask your friend "Do you like ice cream?", and they would respond "yes" or "no".
If you're walking down the street and some is handing out free ice cream, and your friend doesn't take any, you might say "You don't like ice cream?" (you assume they didn't take any because they dislike it), and they might say "no I don't like it" or "I do, but I'm not hungry", or some other reason they might not want ice cream right now.
There is also the option of "Don't you like ice cream?", which is similar to "You don't like...?" except now you originally assumed they did like something, but they gave you reason to doubt your original assumption. Take the second scenario of free ice cream on the street again. If your friend doesn't take any you might say "Don't you like ice cream?" (because you assume everyone likes ice cream, but are confused because your friend didn't take any).