|Publication number||US7331935 B2|
|Application number||US 11/063,455|
|Publication date||Feb 19, 2008|
|Filing date||Feb 23, 2005|
|Priority date||Dec 21, 2004|
|Also published as||CN101087627A, CN101087627B, CN101683542A, CN101683542B, DE602005022618D1, EP1830909A1, EP1830909B1, US7575570, US20060173411, US20080215000, WO2006068650A1|
|Publication number||063455, 11063455, US 7331935 B2, US 7331935B2, US-B2-7331935, US7331935 B2, US7331935B2|
|Original Assignee||Becton, Dickinson And Company|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (77), Referenced by (18), Classifications (12), Legal Events (3)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/638,089, filed Dec. 21, 2004.
The present invention relates to syringe assemblies and particularly to syringe assemblies having an automatic disabling mechanism.
Throughout the world the multiple use of hypodermic syringe products which are intended for single-use only, is instrumental in drug abuse and in the transfer of contagious diseases. Intravenous drug users who routinely share and re-use syringes are a high-risk group with respect to the AIDS virus. Also, the effects of multiple use are a major concern in some countries where repeated use of syringe products during mass immunization programs may be responsible for the spread of many diseases. Re-use of single-use hypodermic syringe assemblies is also instrumental in the spread of drug abuse even in the absence of infection or disease.
Many attempts have been made to remedy this problem. Most notable are early contributions which relied on a specific act to destroy the syringe after use either by using a destructive device or providing a syringe assembly with frangible zones so that the syringe could be rendered inoperable by the application of force. Other attempts involve the inclusion of structure which would allow the destruction or defeating of the syringe function to a conscious act by the syringe user. Although many of these devices work quite well, they do require the specific intent of the user followed by the actual act to destroy or render the syringe inoperable. These devices are not effective with a user having the specific intent to re-use the hypodermic syringe. Accordingly, there was a need for a single-use hypodermic syringe which after use will become inoperable or incapable of further use automatically without any additional act on the part of the user. The automatic function is much harder to provide because the means for rendering the syringe inoperable must not prevent its filling or use under normal conditions.
A single-use syringe which automatically disables after injection is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,973,310 to Kosinski. This syringe contains a locking element positioned in the syringe barrel between the plunger rod and the inside surface of the barrel. In use, the syringe allows the user to draw a pre-selected amount of medication into the chamber of the barrel and deliver this medication, as through injection, into the patient. Any attempt to withdraw the plunger to use the syringe a second time will cause the locking element to embed itself into the inside surface f the syringe barrel to prevent proximal motion of the plunger rod.
There is still a need for a single-use syringe which will allow a pre-selected number of plunger rod strokes before the automatic disabling mechanism activates. For example, four strokes of the plunger may be required to complete the injection process, such as when the syringe assembly is used to draw a diluent into the syringe barrel, dispense the diluent into a vial containing the substance to be reconstituted, drawing back the reconstituted medication into the syringe and then delivering the contents of the syringe into the patient.
The present invention is directed to a syringe assembly having a passive disabling mechanism. The disabling mechanism enables variable dosages by the syringe assembly and enables a selected number of cycles or strokes by the plunger rod before being disabled. In one preferred embodiment, the disabling mechanism provides two aspirating and two dispensing cycles before being disabled. The assembly enables the aspiration and dispensing of a selected volume of a diluent into a vial to reconstitute a drug, pharmaceutical agent, or other substance and then aspirating the reconstituted substance back into the syringe. A selected volume of the reconstituted substance can be injected or delivered to a patient where the volume of the substance that is delivered can be the same or different than the volume of the substance aspirated into the syringe barrel. The syringe is automatically disabled after the injection or delivery stroke by retracting the plunger rod.
The disabling mechanism is actuated by the axial movement of the plunger rod with respect to the syringe barrel and to the stopper, by moving the plunger rod in the aspirating direction. The stopper is coupled to the plunger rod through structure that allows limited axial movement of the stopper with respect to the plunger rod. The disabling mechanism is moved through a series of stages by reversing the direction of the axial movement of the plunger rod with respect to the stopper to move the mechanism in a step-wise manner to the disabling position. The disabling position of the mechanism is attained by the relative movement between the plunger rod and the stopper and is not dependent on the position of the stopper within the syringe barrel or the length of the stroke by the stopper. In this manner, the syringe assembly is able to dispense a desired volume of the drug or other substance, and the disabling mechanism can be actuated after the final dispensing or injection stroke regardless of the position of the stopper in the syringe barrel. By actuating the disabling mechanism, the stopper cannot be retracted to aspirate another dose into the syringe barrel but allows any substance remaining in the syringe barrel to be dispensed.
The present syringe assembly provides an improvement over prior art devices by allowing a variable dose of diluent, chosen by the user at the time of use, to be drawn into the syringe, dispensing the diluent into a vial containing a substance to be reconstituted, drawing a selected amount of the reconstituted substance back into the syringe and then delivering the contents of the syringe. The selected amount of the reconstituted substance may be equal or less than the full volume reconstituted at the discretion of the user. The syringe assembly is automatically disabled after the final injection stroke by reversing the direction of the movement of the plunger rod from the dispensing direction to the aspirating direction. After the injection stroke of the syringe plunger, the plunger rod is retracted to activate the disabling mechanism to prevent axial movement of the stopper toward the proximal end of the syringe barrel thereby preventing the stopper from being removed and preventing reuse of the syringe to draw fluid into its chamber.
When the present syringe assembly has two or more detents on the stopper and one or more detents in the plunger rod, the maximum number of strokes the syringe assembly will allow can be varied by the initial position of the locking element with respect to the stopper detents and the plunger rod detents.
The present syringe assembly provides an improvement over prior art devices by providing a structure wherein the elements which allow the lost motion between the plunger rod and the stopper are contained internally within the plunger rod, safe from attempts to deflect the syringe barrel and plunger to defeat the locking mechanism. If these elements were on the outside of the plunger rod, it may be possible to deflect the barrel to contact the elements and defeat the locking mechanism.
Another important advantage of the present invention is that in many embodiments, detents and discontinuities that function to achieve the desired result are annular, so that rotating the plunger rod with respect to the barrel will not distort, damage or defeat the locking element. A single use syringe will not be effective if it can be easily manipulated to overcome the locking mechanism for removing the components for re-assembly and reuse.
A further major advantage of the present invention is the single frangible zone in the stopper. In many designs there is no single point where a breaking feature may be added effectively and two or more components will have to be orchestrated to break under the same applied force to the plunger rod in an attempt to defeat the locking mechanism. In the present invention only one area needs to be weakened and it is centrally located safe from outside manipulation.
An operable syringe assembly having a passive disabling structure includes a barrel having a side wall with an inside surface defining a chamber for retaining fluid, an open proximal end and a distal end including a distal wall having a passageway therethrough in fluid communication with the chamber. An elongate plunger rod includes a proximal end and an open distal end having an interior surface defining a cavity therein with at least one detent on the interior surface of the plunger rod. A secondary cavity is included at the proximal end of the cavity in the plunger rod. The secondary cavity has a distal end and a proximal end and includes a contact surface and at least one discontinuity in the cavity. A stopper includes a sealing element having a peripheral surface forming a seal with the inside surface of the barrel, and a post extending proximally from the sealing element having a proximal end and a distal end. There are at least two post detents on the post. A secondary post extends proximally axially from the proximal end of the post. The secondary post includes a proximal end and a distal end and at least one discontinuity on its surface. The secondary post is positioned at least partially in the secondary cavity of the plunger rod. Structure or means for limiting free axial motion is provided to allow the stopper to move freely axially with respect to the plunger rod for a limited distance so that the plunger rod can move while the stopper remains stationary in the barrel and for transferring proximally and distally directed forces applied to the plunger rod to the stopper. In some embodiments the distance of this lost motion between the stopper and the plunger rod is determined by the secondary post contacting a contact surface in the secondary cavity of the barrel and the discontinuity on the secondary post contacting the secondary cavity discontinuity in the plunger rod. The means for limiting free axial motion can be any combination of discontinuities in the secondary cavity and/or on the secondary post that provide for a limited distance of lost motion is within the purview of the present invention. A locking element includes a central body portion having an aperture therethrough, at least one cantilevered leg extending distally outwardly from the body portion, and at least one finger element extending inwardly into the aperture. The cantilevered leg includes a sharp-free end directed outwardly for engaging the inside surface the barrel and the inside surface of the plunger rod. The locking element is initially positioned with the sharp-free end contacting the interior surface of the plunger rod proximally of the at least one detent in the plunger rod. The post is positioned in the aperture of the locking element wherein the finger element is contacting the proximal most of the at least two post detents, so that applying a proximally-directed force to the plunger rod while holding the barrel causes the plunger rod to move proximally with respect to the stopper until the free end of the cantilevered leg moves distally along the inner surface of the plunger rod cavity to the at least one detent in the cavity and the structure for limiting motion causes the stopper to move with the plunger rod in a proximal direction for a selected distance. Subsequently applying a distally directed force to the plunger rod to discharge fluid from the chamber causes the plunger rod to move in a distal direction along with the locking element due to its engagement with the at least one detent in the cavity until the structure for limiting motion causes the stopper to move distally along with the plunger rod to discharge fluid from the chamber. Subsequently applying a proximally-directed force to the plunger rod will cause the plunger rod to move proximally with the free end of the cantilevered leg moving relatively distally along the inside surface of the plunger rod past the distal end of the plunger rod so that the cantilevered leg engages the inside surface of the barrel to help prevent proximal movement of the stopper for rendering the syringe assembly unusable.
Other embodiments may include a plunger rod with two axially-spaced detents, and a post with three axially-spaced post detents so that the plunger rod can be moved distally two times before proximal motion of the plunger rod causes the locking element to engage the inside surface of the barrel.
The two axially-spaced detents of the plunger rod may include two axially-spaced steps, each having a blunt surface at its distal end extending inwardly from the interior surface of the plunger rod.
Some or all of the three axially-spaced post detents may include an incline surface extending proximally inwardly and a blunt surface at the distal end of each of the inclined surfaces extending radially inwardly.
The syringe assembly may include a locking element having two cantilevered legs positioned on opposite sides of the central body portion.
The structure for limiting free axial motion of the stopper with respect to the plunger rod may include at least one motion limiting discontinuity on the secondary post positioned to engage at least one motion limiting discontinuity in the secondary cavity. The at least one motion limiting discontinuity on said secondary post may include an outwardly directing projection and the at least one motion limiting discontinuity in the plunger rod secondary cavity may include an inwardly directed projection.
The syringe assembly may include a radial projection or cam surface on the stopper positioned to contact and force the cantilevered leg outwardly when excessive proximal force is applied to the plunger rod in an attempt to overcome the locking element's engagement of the inside surface of the barrel.
The syringe assembly may further include a frangible zone on the stopper which allows the plunger rod to disconnect from the stopper sealing element during application of excessive proximally-directed force to the plunger rod in an attempt to overcome the locking element's engagement of the inside surface of the barrel. The frangible zone may comprise an area of reduced cross-sectional area which is weaker than the post and the secondary post in areas outside of the zone. The frangible zone is positioned within the plunger rod. Only one frangible zone is necessary.
The syringe assembly may have a discontinuity on the inside surface of the barrel side wall positioned to engage the sharp-free end of the locking element when the sharp-free end is in contact with the inside surface of the barrel.
The syringe assembly may include a distal wall on the barrel having an elongate tip extending distally therefrom having a passageway in fluid communication with the passageway with the distal wall of the barrel. The syringe assembly may also further include a needle cannula having a distal end, a proximal end and a lumen therethrough. The proximal end of the needle cannula is connected to the distal end of the barrel so that the lumen is in fluid communication with the passageway.
Another embodiment of an operable syringe assembly of the present invention having passive disabling structure includes a barrel comprising a side wall having an inside surface defining a chamber for retaining fluid, an open proximal end and a distal end including a distal wall having a passageway therethrough in fluid communication with the chamber. An elongate hollow plunger rod having a proximal end, an open distal end and an interior surface defining a cavity is provided. A stopper includes a sealing element with a peripheral surface forming a seal with the inside surface of the barrel and a post projecting proximally from the sealing element. A locking element includes a central body portion having at least one cantilevered leg extending distally outwardly from the body portion. The at least one leg includes a sharp free and directed outwardly for engaging the inside surface of the barrel. The locking element is movably engaged with the post and movably engaged with the plunger rod interior surface. Means or structure is provided for indexing the locking element distally in the plunger rod during proximal motion of the plunger rod to draw fluid into the chamber and for indexing the locking element distally on the post of the stopper during distally directed motion of the plunger rod for delivering fluid from the chamber through the passageway. Means or structure is also provided for limiting axial free movement of the stopper with respect to the plunger rod to allow the indexing of the locking element and for applying proximally and distally directed forces to the stopper through the plunger rod.
Plunger assembly 22 includes an elongate plunger rod 43, a stopper 81 and a locking element 71. Plunger rod 43 includes a proximal end 44, an open distal end 45 and interior surface 46 defining a cavity 47 therein. The interior surface of the plunger rod preferably includes at least one detent. In this embodiment the at least one detent on the interior surface of the plunger rod includes two annular axially spaced detents 49 on the interior surface of the cavity. Each detent comprises a step 50 having a blunt surface 51 at its distal end. As will be explained in more detail hereinafter, the present invention can function without detents on the interior surface of the plunger rod. The plunger rod also includes a secondary cavity 52 at a proximal end of cavity 47. The secondary cavity preferably includes a distal end 53 having a distal contact surface 61, a proximal end 54 having a proximal contact surface 55, and at least one discontinuity therein. In this embodiment the discontinuity comprises one or more inwardly directed projections 56. The secondary cavity is preferably smaller than cavity 47. The primary purpose of the secondary cavity is to interact with the stopper so that the stopper is free to move axially with respect to the plunger rod for a limited distance. As will be seen hereinafter, this lost motion which allows the plunger rod to move independently of the stopper allows the locking element to index through a sequence of positions which end in the locking of the stopper in the barrel to prevent further use.
Stopper 81 includes a preferably circularly-shaped sealing element 82 having a peripheral surface 83 forming a seal with the inside surface of the barrel. A post 85 extends proximally from the sealing element and has a proximal end 87, a distal end 88 and preferably at least two detents on its surface. In this embodiment, the at least two post detents includes three axially-spaced post detents 89. Each post detent preferably but not necessarily, includes an inclined surface 91 and a blunt surface 92 at the distal end of each inclined surface. As will be explained in more detail hereinafter it is within the purview of the present invention to include an embodiment having a post without detents. A secondary post 93 extends proximally axially from the proximal end of post 85. The secondary post includes a proximal end 94, a distal end 95 and at least one discontinuity on its surface. In this embodiment discontinuity 96 is a radial projection having a distally-facing surface 97 thereon. The secondary post is positioned at least partially in the secondary cavity of the plunger rod. As mentioned hereinabove, the plunger rod is free to move axially with respect to the stopper for a limited distance which, in this embodiment, is controlled in one direction by the proximal end of the secondary post contacting proximal contact surface 55 in the secondary cavity and/or the proximal most detent 89 and distal contact surface 61 of the secondary cavity, and in the other direction by the secondary post discontinuity contacting the secondary cavity discontinuity in the plunger rod.
Locking element 71 includes a central body portion 72 having an aperture 73 therethrough. Preferably, at least one cantilevered leg extends distally outwardly from the body portion. In this embodiment, there are two cantilevered legs 74 extending distally outwardly from opposite sides of body portion 72. A plurality of cantilevered legs or other spring and/or resilient structures for engaging the interim surface of the plunger rod and the inside surface of the barrel are within the purview of the present invention. At least one finger element 75 extends inwardly into said aperture. In this embodiment the finger element extends proximally inwardly from the aperture. Each of the cantilevered legs preferably includes a sharp-free end 76 directed outwardly from engaging the inside surface of the barrel. The sharp-free end of the cantilevered leg can be formed in any configuration capable of engaging the inside surface of the barrel, such as a sharp edge or one or more pointed teeth and the like. The locking element may be made of a variety of materials, or combinations of materials, however, it is preferred to have a sharp-free end made of metal, and it is also preferred that the entire locking element be integrally formed from sheet metal such as stainless steel.
In this embodiment, plunger assembly 22 may be assembled by inserting locking element 71 into the distal end of plunger rod 43. The post of stopper 81 is then inserted into the distal end of the plunger rod through aperture 73 of locking element 71 so that cantilevered legs 74 extend towards circularly-shaped sealing element 82 of the stopper as illustrated in
In the initial position of the syringe assembly, locking element 71 is positioned with its sharp-free end 76 contacting the interior surface of the plunger rod proximally of axially-spaced steps 50. Post 85 on stopper 81 is positioned in aperture 73 of locking element 71 so that finger element 75 contacts the post proximally of two of the three axially-spaced post detents 89. The proximal end of the secondary post 93 is near or contacting contact surface 55 in proximal end 52 of the secondary cavity in the plunger rod, and the inclined surface of the most proximal post detent 89 is near or contacting contact surface 61 at the distal end of the secondary cavity. Contact between the proximal end of the secondary post and contact surface 55 in the secondary cavity and/or contact between the proximal most post detent, and contact surface 61 defines the proximal most motion of the stopper with respect to the plunger rod. Both contacts are preferred for stronger resistance to excessive distally directed force on the plunger rod. Stopper 81 further includes stabilizing member 84 positioned proximally with respect to sealing element 82 and having an outer dimension complementing the outer dimension of the sealing element as illustrated in
As will be shown, the operation of the plunger assembly of this embodiment includes a first aspiration stroke followed by a first dispensing or injection stroke, a second aspirating stroke and a final dispensing or injection stroke after which the syringe will become disabled if another aspiration stroke is attempted. The disabling elements prevent or inhibit movement of the stopper in a proximal aspirating direction thereby limiting the function of the syringe assembly to a single use. The number of strokes in this embodiment is controlled by the number of axially-spaced detents in the plunger rod and the number of axially-spaced post detents on the stopper. However, the actual strokes the syringe may make will be determined by the position of the locking element with respect to the detents in the plunger rod and the detents on the stopper at the time of first use. For example, a syringe with two detents in the plunger rod and three stopper post detents on the stopper can be supplied to the user as a syringe capable of two strokes or four strokes. This is an important feature of the invention since a single syringe assembly can be provided with different stroke limitations before disabling.
Liquid diluent 33 in the chamber may now be dispensed into a vial of dry medication such as lyophilized medication, for reconstitution. As illustrated in
When the diluent and the lyophilized medication are mixed, the syringe assembly of the present invention may now be used to withdraw the reconstituted, ready-to-inject medication into the chamber of the syringe barrel, as best illustrated in
The syringe assembly of the present invention is now ready for a second and final dispensing or injection stroke which is best illustrated in
The syringe assembly has now been used and is ready to be discarded. Any attempt to move the plunger rod in a proximal direction with respect to the barrel to refill the syringe assembly for further use will cause the locking element to disable the syringe. Specifically, as best illustrated in
It is also within the purview of the present invention to provide a discontinuity, such as a recess or projection, on the interior surface of the barrel, as illustrated in
The syringe assembly of the present invention also includes a frangible zone on stopper 81 positioned distally from discontinuity 96 on secondary post 93 for allowing the plunger rod to disconnect from the stopper sealing element during the application of excessive, proximally-directed force to the plunger rod in an attempt to overcome the locking element's engagement of the inside surface of the barrel. As illustrated in
While various embodiments have been chosen to illustrate the invention, it will be appreciated that changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
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|U.S. Classification||604/110, 604/228|
|International Classification||A61M5/00, A61M5/315|
|Cooperative Classification||A61M2005/5026, A61M2005/5033, A61M5/502, A61M5/5066, A61M2005/5073, A61M5/5013|
|European Classification||A61M5/50B, A61M5/50C|
|Jul 30, 2007||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: BECTON, DICKINSON AND COMPANY, NEW JERSEY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BARERE, AARON;REEL/FRAME:019620/0746
Effective date: 20050222
|Aug 19, 2011||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jul 28, 2015||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8