Who does the traditional approach work well with?
children with few articulation errors that are mostly developmental in nature
What are the guiding principles of the Traditional Articulation Therapy Approach?
- Usually treat one or a few sounds at a time
- Comprised as a series of steps
- Progressively train sound:
from simple isolated sound stage through conversational stage
What lets you know at which linguistic level of complexity to begin?
Baseline data and stimulability testing
What are the five steps in the Traditional Articulation Therapy Approach?
1. Discrimination Training
3. Sound Stabilization
Child learns to listen and discriminate between error and correct production; ear training
Clinician-Client discrimination training
Clinician produces sounds to see if client can recognize the sound; client can use cards to show which (red/green, happy/sad)
Client-Client discrimination training
Client records themselves producing sounds, listens to recording and holds up the cards when he recognizes the sound
Also known as Sound Elicitation; teaches correct placement and production
(sometimes the hardest part of therapy)
What are some items used during the stimulability step?
-Mirror, diagrams, tissues, gloves
-Tube from mouth to ear
What are the four stimulability approaches?
1. Auditory Stimulation/Imitation
2. Use of context
4. Sound Approximation
What are the linguistic levels associated with Sound Stabilization?
-Words (imitated and spontaneous)
-Phrases (imitated and spontaneous)
-Sentences (imitated and spontaneous)
Conversation (structured and unstructured)
What can the therapist do to try to help generalization occur?
generate more natural practice situations to make production more natural and automatic (use outside the therapy room)
What are four ways a therapist can work on generalization?
Speech Assignments, Speech Buddy, Clear Speech time Periods, Involve Parents
-Have them keep data at home
-Have them report in each session
-Keep them informed
-Involve them in therapy
Progressive check-up of client to see that productions remain correct
1 month, 3 month, 6 month
What are the four things to keep in mind when selecting potential Target Behaviors?
Choose those that:
1. Will have an immediate and socially significant effect on the communication skills of the client
2. Are produced and reinforced at home and in other natural settings
3. Help expand communicative skills (final -s, final -ed)
4. Are linguistically and culturally appropriate for the individual client
What are the criteria for choosing specific target sounds?
1. Functional for the child
3. Occur in Key Words or Contextual Testing
5. Occur more frequently (r,s,t,n,l,e)
6. Affect intelligibility most
7. Are acquired earlier
8. Part of child's phonemic inventory (has /k/ in final position, but missing in other positions
9. Generalize to others (cognates)- sounds produced the same, but differ in voicing ( /t/, /d/)
What are two approaches that differ in how many sounds to teach at once?
Training Deep Approach, and Training Broad Approach