|Publication number||US7565610 B2|
|Application number||US 10/869,807|
|Publication date||Jul 21, 2009|
|Filing date||Jun 16, 2004|
|Priority date||Mar 30, 2004|
|Also published as||US20050219151|
|Publication number||10869807, 869807, US 7565610 B2, US 7565610B2, US-B2-7565610, US7565610 B2, US7565610B2|
|Inventors||Gang Li, Lee W. Sapiro|
|Original Assignee||Emc Corporation|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (40), Non-Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (17), Classifications (27), Legal Events (2)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/812,503, filed on Mar. 30, 2004, which is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates generally to communication networks and, more particularly, to systems and methods for monitoring network object performance.
As is known in the art, communication networks are becoming increasingly complex. Locating networks objects having performance problems and failures may be relatively difficult. A system administrator may need to obtain an intimate working knowledge of the network topology, components, and operating parameters to even make a guess at a potential problem in the network. In addition, a network problem may not be a component failure but rather a device that is overloaded periodically or from time to time. Further, an administrator responsible for allocating network resources may find it quite difficult to correctly estimate the impact of moving various network devices from one location to another.
While there are known applications that show performance data, configuration information, which facilitates an understanding of the object relationships and their contribution to the problem, is not shown. Additionally, finding configuration information requires a user to piece together information from a logical map view and then switch to a view with physical connections. This requires a user to mentally combine the information in the two views, which may be quite difficult for complex networks with a variety of components, to determine the probable location of a problem. In addition, known systems may not collect object performance information with sufficient granularity to help a user identify intermittent bottlenecks or problems.
The present invention provides a system for monitoring network objects that allows a user to find the source of a performance problem with a graphical user interface. With this arrangement, a system administrator, for example, can locate trigger or alert causes, network performance bottlenecks and failed devices. While the invention is primarily shown and described in conjunction with storage area networks and storage devices, it is understood that the invention is applicable to networks in general in which it is desirable to monitor device performance data and locate root causes and alert sources.
In one aspect of the invention, a system for monitoring performance of network objects stores data for one or more performance metrics for network objects at predetermined time intervals. Based upon the collected performance data, the system stores time-stamped trigger and/or alert information and determines at least one potential root cause of the trigger/alert(s) in the network. In one embodiment, the system displays a topographical network map including network objects associated with the one or more triggers/alerts.
In another aspect of the invention, the system further provides a graphical display of performance data for one or more of the mapped network objects. The graphical display can include a threshold for readily determining times at which the threshold is exceeded.
In a further aspect of the invention, the graphical display of the performance data can include statistical bands. In one particular embodiment, the statistical bands are defined based upon standard deviations from historical performance data.
In another aspect of the invention, a summary view includes a series of cells covering periods of time. For example, the cells correspond to one hour and the aggregation of cells covers a day. Each cell can include an alert status for network objects. With this arrangement, a user can observe the summary view and ascertain the number of triggers/alerts generated by the network and at what times.
In a further aspect of the invention, a method of displaying network performance information includes storing performance information for objects in a network at predetermined time intervals, identifying network objects that are a potential root cause of one or more trigger firings in the network, and displaying a topographical map of the network including at least one of the identified network objects. The method can further include displaying a first performance region providing performance information for at least one of the identified network objects for a given time range, and displaying a second performance region providing graphical performance information for a plurality of the network objects at any specific time point within the time range.
The invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
The performance monitoring system 100 can be coupled to the network 10 for monitoring the performance of the various network objects. The illustrated network 10 includes storage devices 12 a-12N coupled to a series of host devices 14 a-14M via connectivity devices 16 a-16P, such as SAN switches. Clients 18, including the performance monitoring system 100, can be coupled to the various host devices 14.
It is understood that the network configuration, devices, etc., can be readily varied without departing from the present invention. In addition, additional types of network objects not specifically shown or described herein can form a part of the network as will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art.
As used herein, the term “trigger” generally refers to some type of threshold that has been exceeded or otherwise passed. The term “alert” refers to an event, possibly from a trigger, that results in the generation of some type of message or other contact attempt to one or more designated persons, such as a system administrator. That is, certain triggers may generate an alert while others may not. In addition, triggers, as well as alerts, can have any number of priority levels.
The system 100 further includes a performance monitoring module 166 for monitoring network object performance, determining network triggers and/or alerts, and/or interacting with a user via a graphical user interface, as described in detail below. In general, the performance monitoring module 166 displays various screens showing object performance triggers/alerts and or data in summary and/or detailed views to enable a user to efficiently locate network object failures, alert sources, and/or performance issues.
It is understood that various architectures and partitions for hardware and software can be used to implement the present invention without departing from the present invention. Further, instructions for executing the present invention can be provided as software program instructions in any suitable programming language and/or various circuit devices including programmable devices.
Exemplary systems for collecting and/or displaying network topographical information are shown and described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/641,227, filed on Aug. 17, 2000 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/335,330, filed on Dec. 31, 2002, which are commonly owned by the same assignee as the present invention and incorporated herein by reference.
The network can include various types of objects including databases, hosts, connectivity devices, storage devices, and the like. The illustrative summary screen 200 includes regions for various types of network objects. In one particular embodiment, the summary screen 200 includes a database region 208, a host region 210, a connectivity region 212, and a storage region 214. Each of the regions 208, 210, 212, 214 can include a series of cells 216 corresponding to time intervals, e.g., one hour. The cells 216 can show a trigger status for each time interval across all, or selected ones, of the objects within the given region. For example, within the host region 210 a particular cell, e.g., cell 218, corresponding to the 2:00 p.m. hour indicates a critical alert status.
In the illustrated embodiment, each object type region includes a first series (e.g., row) of cells 220 for all network objects of the given type and a second series (e.g., row) of cells 222 for grouped objects of the given type. With this arrangement, a business entity, e.g., finance, can examine the performance of their networks objects.
With this arrangement, a user can readily determine network performance over the course of a given day or other selected period of time. For example, a user or system administrator can examine an entire network, group objects, etc., and expand cells to determine the root cause of a trigger. As described further below, by selecting a particular cell, such as a critical trigger cell, the system can provide a root cause view, which is described in detail below.
The summary view 200 can further include the capability to compare a selected day to one or more additional days. In an exemplary embodiment, the summary view 200 can contain a current calendar box 250 as well as first, second and third calendar boxes 252, 254, 256 that allow a user to select days for comparison. For example, a day can be selected in the first calendar box 252 that is one week prior to the present day in the current box 250 for comparison. This enables a user to determine whether an trigger is consistently generated at about the same time for a particular day of the week. This may identify, for example, a network performance problem generated by two relatively large backup jobs being scheduled at overlapping times.
It is understood that the displayed cells can correspond to a wide variety of time intervals other than one hour. In addition, in other embodiments, the user can select the desired time interval. Further, the user can select a particular cell and expand the cell in time to obtain more detailed trigger information, as described in detail below.
It is understood that a wide variety of trigger/alert types and levels can be generated based upon one or more thresholds and/or criteria. For example, a critical alert can correspond to one or more parameters passing above predetermined thresholds.
Referring again to
The map view can display objects using a variety of criteria based upon performance, trigger, user focus, etc. In general, it is not desirable to show an excessive number of objects as useful information may be hidden. For example, when focused on a particular object, paths of directly connected objects (physically or logically) may be shown to create an end-to-end map. When focused on an object in a particular category (e.g., hosts, connectivity, storage), more related objects and details can be revealed in that area. For unfocused categories, objects with performance problems may be shown, and optionally objects associated with an identified problem object. That is, objects can be displayed to show an end-to-end path for a performance problem.
In the exemplary map view, a first mark 326 is associated with the first host 314, a second mark 328 is associated with disk adapter 318, and a third mark 330 is associated with the disk 320. The marks 314, 316, 318 indicate that these objects, for which there can be various associated device, may be potential causes of the trigger. In addition, a system administrator will readily recognize that the other devices 324 can contribute to the load on the disk device 320. That is, the overall load on the disk device 320 may be excessive and the cause of the trigger.
The listed devices 350 contribute to the load on the disk device 320 as shown by the graph of IOs/second. In the illustrated view, the disk device 320 is marked, here shown as an X in a circle, to indicate that this device is exceeding a (IOs/second) threshold. As described more fully below, the threshold for generating a trigger can be selected by the user. Thus, the root cause of the trigger has been identified by the user.
In an exemplary embodiment, the client device 332 has exceeded a threshold one or more times. Note that the objects marked 314, 320, 328 by the first second and third marks 326, 330, 328 are connected in the network. The marks indicate that a trigger has fired, e.g., one or more thresholds has been exceeded.
The map can be expanded as desired to obtain further topographical information. With this arrangement, flexibility to view particular aspects of the network is provided. This flexibility can be used to locate the source of triggers as well as to configure components, move devices, and generally allocate resources.
Referring now to
In another aspect of the invention, the performance of selected network objects can be graphically displayed for a desired time interval. When drilling down through the map from a cell for which a trigger was flagged, one or more metrics for the selected network object can be graphically displayed. With this arrangement, the time at which a threshold, for example, was exceeded by an object, such as a host device, can be identified.
The graphical display 400 can include a metric selection menu 450 from which a list of metrics can be displayed. The user can select the desired metric for display. Exemplary metrics include writes per second, response time, I/O operations per second, and the like. It is understood that different metrics may be available for different types of objects.
The graphical display 400 can also include a data rollup selection menu 452 from which a user can select a time interval for the graphed results. Time intervals can include hourly (as shown), real time, interval, daily, weekly, monthly, and the like. By selecting a different time interval, the graphed information can be updated. A series of graph type buttons 454 can enable a user to select a desired graphical format, e.g., line, area, and bar graphs and horizontal and vertical histograms.
A device from the map 300 can be selected and added to the graph using an Add to Graph button 456. An object from the map, such as an object within the other device list 350 in
The graphical display 400 can also include a slider 460 that can be moved, e.g., dragged by a cursor, to a time of interest.
The graphical display 400 can also provide a user with the ability to drag the threshold 404 to a different value 405 (shown in dotted line). With this arrangement, a user can quickly modify a threshold for a given device.
Another aspect of the invention is shown in
In one particular embodiment, the statistical bands 504 are shown for a predetermined number of standard deviations from actual operating metric data averaged over time. It is understood that the bands 504 can be derived from “moving” data or from a “frozen” set of data. A wide range of schemes for selecting and updating data for generation of the statistical bands can be readily developed by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the present invention.
The number of standard deviations can be selected based upon how much of the population the user desired to include. In one embodiment, the number of standard deviations from actual metric data can range from about 1.0 standard deviations to about 3.0 standard deviations. In one particular embodiment, the number of standard deviations selected is about 2.0 standard deviations. It is understood that the number of standard deviations should balance generating meaningful triggers. A low number of standard deviations may generate an excessive number of triggers while a high number of standard deviations may not generate triggers in the presence of network performance issues.
In one embodiment, the statistical bands display 500 is activated by a tab 508 at the top of the graph. The statistical bands 504 can be displayed for various data rollups e.g., hourly, weekly, monthly, etc., via a data rollup menu box 510. More particularly, a user has the option to allow the statistical band region 506 thresholds 504 a,b to be set based upon historical data using the data rollup button 510. For example, the statistical bands 504 can be defined from actual data from the past week, month, etc. With this arrangement, a user can set meaningful thresholds without a high level of familiarity for particular devices and configurations. That is, a user may not have a good sense of what an excessive response time is for a particular device. By selecting statistical bands 504 for a given device based upon historical data, thresholds can be set easily that can generate meaningful triggers.
It is understood that in view of the interactive nature of the inventive network performance monitoring system various steps described in the flow diagrams should generally be considered optional and without any particular ordering. Since a user selects the various displays, it is understood that a particular view may not be requested for a given scenario and that a view may be displayed from various interactive paths under user control.
In step 706, in response to user interaction, a network object marked as associated with an trigger is expanded to display additional detail. For example, as shown in
In step 712, a user can expand other network objects that may be visually indicated to be associated with one or more triggers, as shown in
In step 800, a graphical display is generated of performance data over time for a given metric along wit a selected threshold, such as shown in
In step 810, a user can move a slider 460, as shown in
In step 812 a user can select data display with statistical bands 504 as shown in
In another aspect of the invention, triggers can be defined based upon a logical relationship among one or more metrics. For example, an trigger can be defined to be generated by a response time greater than a first threshold AND a read per second time greater than a second threshold. As another example, a threshold must be exceeded more than a predetermined number of times within a given time interval, e.g., a response time exceeds a threshold five times within two seconds.
While the exemplary trigger selection screen is shown having pull down menus, for example, it is understood that a wide variety of user interface mechanisms and formats can be used that are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the present invention. In addition, it is understood that embodiments can logically combine metric thresholds for multiple objects to define one or more triggers.
It is understood that any number of thresholds can be set for a given object and that various logical relationships, including nested relationships, for the thresholds can be defined. It is further understood that a variety of thresholds and relationships can be readily defined by one of ordinary skill in the art to meet the requirements of a particular application without departing from the teachings of the present invention.
While certain types of network devices are shown in the exemplary embodiments contained herein, further device types for which performance can be monitored by the inventive system will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. Further, it is contemplated that objects and devices not yet known may be incorporated and monitored in future networks.
In addition, the views shown herein are intended to facilitate an understanding of the invention. The views may have certain inconsistencies in time and performance graphing and the like from which no inference should be drawn. Further, it is understood that the network map, connections, and objects are intended to describe a hypothetical network. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that a network can have infinite variations in size, components, connections, storage configurations, hosts, connectivity, databases, etc. without departing from the present invention. In addition, the term cells as used herein should be construed broadly to cover any type of display area that can be associated with a given time interval. Further, while the summary view is shown having a series of regions with associated cells, it is understood that the summary view need not contain any particular number or type of regions.
The present invention provides a network performance monitoring system for enabling a user to readily identify network problems. The system generates a map showing objects, logical and physical, that are relevant for solving a performance problem. The system can also filter objects and the like that are not necessary for the user to view. By using the generated map, the user can identify the source of a performance problem.
In another aspect of the invention, a user can attempt to identify a root cause of one or more triggers from performance information for a plurality of network objects for one or more metrics. In one embodiment, performance information for a first metric for a first network object can be displayed in a first region and performance information for a second metric for a plurality of network objects can be displayed in a second region. The user can select the time corresponding to the performance information. In one embodiment, the user can select the time at a granularity of the data collection to enable identification of relatively transient performance issues. The granularity of performance data collection, e.g., minutes, can be significantly greater than the time cells, e.g., hourly, described above for, example.
The performance information for the first metric is displayed in a relatively compact area 2054 to enable the display of additional information, as described further below. The graph region 2054 includes a time indicator 2056, which can be provided as a cursor that is movable by the user. In one embodiment, the information displayed in the map region 2052 and the display in
In general, the compact graph region 2054 and the graph region 2004 of
The particular devices 2074 displayed in the second graph area 2072 can be selected in a variety of ways. In one embodiment, a user can select the devices using a dialog box, such as the dialog box 350 of
It is understood that a wide range of mechanisms and criteria can be used to select devices for display in the second graph area 2072. No inferences should be drawn from what devices are shown and what devices are not shown in the second graph area 2072 of
In the illustrative embodiment, the response time of host device c20d7s2 is a performance issue symptom, while the disk utilization of the disks 2071 is the root cause of the symptom]
With this arrangement, a user can drill down to a given time subject to the resolution of data collection. For example, if data is collected every minute, then a user can display performance data at the resolution of one-minute intervals. In addition, performance data for a plurality of interconnected devices can be analyzed to determine the collective impact on the performance of an associated device. By enabling the display of data at the resolution of data collection for multiple related devices, a user can more effectively locate relatively transient performance issues.
By selecting a particular device, the map region display 2052 is updated to select that device, as shown in
The user can continue to select and expand the map region, as described above, to facilitate identification of a root cause for a performance issue. The user can select various devices to be shown in the second graph area to attempt to locate root causes. With this arrangement, a user can examine a first graph region and easily identify at what time points there are performance problems. The user can then quickly select that time on the first graph and utilize the map and a second graph region to locate the root cause of a network performance problem.
In step 3006, a first graph region is displayed. In one embodiment, the first graph region includes performance data over time for a first metric for a first network object. The first graph region can include a time indicator, such as a cursor, to indicate the time corresponding to the displayed performance data for the first metric. The performance data can be relatively compact to enable the display of a second graph region in step 3008 showing performance data for a plurality of network objects for a second metric (at a particular time point specified in the first graph region). It is understood that the first and second metrics can be the same or different.
In one embodiment, the performance data in the second graph area has a resolution corresponding the resolution of the collected data. That is, if data is collected at 30-second intervals, then data can be displayed at 30-second intervals. In one embodiment, the user can change the time scale to display a desired time interval and can step through each collection point to examine transient performance issues. In an exemplary embodiment, the user can select the resolution at which to display the performance information in the second graph area.
In step 3010, the performance data in the second graph region and/or the map region is updated in response to any user movement of the time cursor in the first graph region. The user can move the cursor to examine data for a desired time. In step 3012, the map is updated to reflect a user selection of a particular one of the devices in the second graph region. The map display is updated to select the corresponding device in the map to enable a user to expand the device and examine associated devices. The map and second graph area can be updated in steps 3010 and 3012 in response to further user time and device selections.
One skilled in the art will appreciate further features and advantages of the invention based on the above-described embodiments. Accordingly, the invention is not to be limited by what has been particularly shown and described, except as indicated by the appended claims. All publications and references cited herein are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
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|U.S. Classification||715/736, 715/733, 715/738, 709/223, 709/224, 715/734, 715/969, 714/47.2|
|International Classification||H04L12/26, H04J3/02, G06F15/177, G06F15/173, G09G5/00, H04L12/24|
|Cooperative Classification||H04L12/2602, H04L41/22, H04L43/045, Y10S715/969, H04L41/5035, H04L43/00, H04L43/067, H04L43/0852, H04L43/16|
|European Classification||H04L41/22, H04L43/00, H04L41/50E, H04L12/26M|
|Jun 16, 2004||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: EMC CORPORATION, MASSACHUSETTS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LI, GANG;SAPIRO, LEE W.;REEL/FRAME:019305/0472
Effective date: 20040610
|Jan 21, 2013||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4