|Publication number||US7510727 B2|
|Application number||US 10/745,950|
|Publication date||Mar 31, 2009|
|Filing date||Dec 23, 2003|
|Priority date||Nov 4, 1994|
|Also published as||CA2204180A1, CA2204180C, DE69532415D1, DE69532415T2, DE69532415T3, DE69535426D1, DE69535426T2, DE69535445D1, DE69535445T2, DE69535767D1, DE69536035D1, EP0785775A1, EP0785775A4, EP0785775B1, EP0785775B2, EP1348429A2, EP1348429A3, EP1348429B1, EP1449530A2, EP1449530A3, EP1449530B1, EP1449531A2, EP1449531A3, EP1449531B1, EP1488786A1, EP1741426A2, EP1741426A3, EP1741426B1, EP2283816A1, US5958452, US5965161, US6261599, US6335033, US6706281, US6743442, US20010033865, US20010036476, US20030026839, US20040081694, US20040185096, US20050089568, US20090148517, US20100172974, WO1996014058A1|
|Publication number||10745950, 745950, US 7510727 B2, US 7510727B2, US-B2-7510727, US7510727 B2, US7510727B2|
|Inventors||Benjamin Oshlack, Mark Chasin, Hua-pin Huang|
|Original Assignee||Purdue Pharma L.P.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (105), Non-Patent Citations (74), Referenced by (10), Classifications (43), Legal Events (3)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present invention relates to a process of making granulates or multiparticulates which are useful, for example, in pharmaceutical dosage forms. In particular, the invention relates to a process for melt-extruding pharmaceutical agents with excipients to form multiparticulates suitable for inclusion in solid dosage forms such as capsules, tablets and the like.
It is known in the pharmaceutical art to prepare compositions which provide for controlled (slow) release of pharmacologically active substances contained in the compositions after oral administration to humans and animals. Such slow release compositions are used to delay absorption of a medicament until it has reached certain portions of the alimentary tract. Such sustained-release of a medicament in the alimentary tract further maintains a desired concentration of said medicament in the blood stream for a longer duration than would occur if conventional rapid release dosage forms are administered.
Over the years, several different methods of preparing controlled release pharmaceutical dosage forms have been suggested. For example, direct compression techniques, wet granulation techniques, encapsulation techniques and the like have been proposed to deliver pharmaceutically active ingredients to the alimentary tract over extended periods.
Melt granulation techniques have also been suggested to provide controlled release formulations. Melt granulation usually involves mechanically working an active ingredient in particulate form with one or more suitable binders and/or pharmaceutically acceptable excipients in a mixer until one or more of the binders melts and adheres to the surface of the particulate, eventually building up granules.
PCT International Publication No. WO 92/06679 discloses melt granulating methods for producing pellets containing therapeutically active substances. The method includes mechanically working a mixture containing the active substance in cohesive form with a binder having a melting point of 40-100° C., while supplying sufficient energy to melt the binder and form “overmoist” spherical pellets and thereafter adding an additional cohesive substance while maintaining the mechanical working to finally produce dry pellets.
PCT International Publication No. WO 93/18753 also discloses another melt extrusion process for preparing sustained-release pellets. This method includes pelletizing a mixture containing drug in finely divided form and a binder which includes one or more water-insoluble-wax-like binder substances with a melting point above 40° C. using a high shear mixer.
In the spite of the foregoing advances, a need for further alternatives in the field of controlled release formulations has been sought. The present invention addresses this need.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide improved methods for producing multiparticulates containing pharmaceutically active ingredients and excipients.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide multiparticulates containing pharmaceutically active ingredients which display improved controlled-release characteristics.
These objects and others have been accomplished by the present invention, which relates in part to a unit dose sustained-release oral dosage form containing a plurality of melt-extruded particles, each of said particles comprising:
Another aspect of the invention provides a method of preparing a multiparticulate sustained-release oral dosage form. This method includes mixing together a therapeutically effective agent, a water-insoluble retardant and an optional binder to form a homogeneous mixture, heating the mixture and thereafter extruding the mixture into strands. The strands are then cooled, and reduced to particles having a size of from about 0.1 to about 12 mm. This aspect further includes dividing the particles into unit doses. The ratio of water-insolube retardant material to therapeutically active agent is sufficient to impart a release of the active agent from the multiparticulate system over an extended time period. In this regard, the retardant will comprise about 5-95% of melt-extruded multiparticulate. The multiparticulate sustained-release system can be included within a hard gelatin capsule or other oral dosage forms such as a compressed tablet. Methods of preparing such dosage forms are also provided herein.
In yet a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of treating a patient with sustained-release multi-particulate formulations prepared as described above. This method includes administering a unit dose sustained release oral dosage form containing the novel melt-extruded particles to a patient in need of the active ingredient contained therein. For purposes of the present invention, a unit dose is understood to contain an effective amount of the therapeutically active agent.
A still further aspect of the invention provides an alternative method of preparing a multiparticulate sustained oral dosage form. This aspect includes directly metering into an extruder a homogeneous mixture of a water-insoluble retardant, a therapeutically active agent, and an optional binder, heating the homogeneous mixture, extruding said mixture to form strands, cooling the strands and cutting the strands into particles having a size of from about 0.1 to 12 mm and dividing the particles into unit doses. The ratio of hydrophobic material, namely water-insoluble retardant (and optional binder) to the therapeutically active agent is sufficient to impart a controlled release of the therapeutically active agent from the melt-extruded particles and unit doses over a time period of at least 8 hours.
The following drawings are illustrative of embodiments of the invention and are not meant to limit the scope of the invention as encompassed by the claims.
In accordance with the present invention, there are provided methods for preparing multiparticulates using melt-extrusion techniques and sustained release oral unit dosage forms containing a plurality of the melt extruded particulates. In accordance therewith, a therapeutically active agent is combined with one or more suitable controlled-release retardants, and optionally, a water-insoluble binder, extruded and thereafter rendered into a plurality of melt-extruded particles-or multiparticulates, such as spheres, beads or the like.
The active pharmaceutical agent(s) included in the controlled release multiparticulates of the present invention include systemically active therapeutic agents, locally active therapeutic agents, disinfecting agents, chemical impregnants, cleansing agents, deodorants, fragrances, dyes, animal repellents, insect repellents, a fertilizing agents, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and plant growth stimulants, and the like. The only limitation on the ingredient is that the pharmaceutical agent is capable of undergoing the inventive extrusion process without substantially losing its sought-after effect.
A wide variety of therapeutically active agents can be used in conjunction with the present invention. The therapeutically active agents (e.g. pharmaceutical agents) which may be used in the compositions of the present invention include both water soluble and water insoluble drugs. Examples of such therapeutically active agents include anti-histamines (e.g., dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine and dexchlorpheniramine maleate), analgesics (e.g., aspirin, codeine, morphine, dihydromorphone, oxycodone, etc.), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., naproxyn, diclofenac, indomethacin, ibuprofen, sulindac), anti-emetics (e.g., metoclopramide), anti-epileptics (e.g., phenytoin, meprobamate and nitrezepam), vasodilators (e.g., nifedipine, papaverine, diltiazem and nicardirine), anti-tussive agents and expectorants (e.g., codeine phosphate), anti-asthmatics (e.g. theophylline), antacids, anti-spasmodics (e.g. atropine, scopolamine), antidiabetics (e.g., insulin), diuretics (e.g., ethacrynic acid., bendrofluazide), anti-hypotensives (e.g., propranolol, clonidine), antihypertensives (e.g, clonidine, methyldopa), bronchodilators (e.g., albuterol), steroids (e.g., hydrocortisone, triamcinolone, prednisone), anti-biotics (e.g., tetracycline), antihemorrhoidals, hypnotics, psychotropics, antidiarrheals, mucolytics, sedatives, decongestants, laxatives, vitamins, stimulants (including appetite suppressants such as phenylpropanolamine), as well as salts, hydrates, and solvates of the same. The above list is not meant to be exclusive.
In certain preferred embodiments, the multiparticulate systems of the present invention include one or more compounds known as opioid analgesics. Opioid analgesic compounds which may be used in the present invention include alfentanil, allylprodine, alphaprodine, anileridine, benzylmorphine, bezitramide, buprenorphine, butorphanol, clonitazene, codeine, cyclazocine, desomorphine, dextromoramide, dezocine, diampromide, dihydrocodeine, dihydromorphine, dimenoxadol, dimepheptanol, dimethylthiambutene, dioxaphetyl butyrate, dipipanone, eptazocine, ethoheptazine, ethylmethylthiambutene, ethylmorphine, etonitazene fentanyl, heroin, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, hydroxypethidine, isomethadone, ketobemidone, levallorphan, levorphanol, levophenacylmorphan, lofentanil, meperidine, meptazinol, metazocine, methadone, metopon, morphine, myrophine, nalbuphine, narceine, nicomorphine, norlevorphanol, normethadone, nalorphine, normorphine, norpipanone, opium, oxycodone, oxymorphone, papaveretum, pentazocine, phenadoxone, phenomorphan, phenazocine, phenoperidine, piminodine, piritramide, propheptazine, promedol, properidine, propiram, propoxyphene, sufentanil, tramadol, tilidine, salts thereof, mixtures of any of the foregoing, mixed mu-agonists/antagonists, mu-antagonist combinations, and the like.
In certain particularly preferred embodiments, the opioid analgesic is selected from morphine, codeine, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxycodone, dihydrocodeine, dihydromorphine, oxymorphone, hydrates and solvates of any of the foregoing, mixtures of any of the foregoing, and the like.
Controlled Release Retardants and Binders
According to the present invention, in order to obtain a controlled release of the active agent, the therapeutically active agent is homogeneously combined with a sufficient amount of a release-retardant material and, optionally, a water-insoluble binder prior to undergoing extrusion. The retardant can be a hydrophobic material such as a water-insoluble acrylic polymer or alkylcellulose, or a water soluble material such as hydroxyalkylcelluloses and related materials. If unit doses of the multiparticulate are to have about a 12 hour or shorter release pattern, hydroxyalkylcelluloses, for example will be extruded with the therapeutic agent. If release rates of greater than about 12 hours are desired, water-insoluble materials are selected. It is, of course, within the scope of the invention to have particles containing mixtures of the water soluble and insoluble polymers.
In certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the hydrophobic polymer is a pharmaceutically acceptable acrylic polymer, including but not limited to acrylic acid and methacrylic acid copolymers, methyl methacrylate copolymers, ethoxyethyl methacrylates, cynaoethyl methacrylate, aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer, poly(acrylic acid), poly(methacrylic acid), methacrylic acid alkylamide copolymer, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(methacrylic acid) (anhydride), methyl methacrylate, polymethacrylate, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymer, polyacrylamide, aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer, poly(methacrylic acid anhydride), and glycidyl methacrylate copolymers.
The melt-extruded particle will comprise from about 1 to about 99% by weight of the retardant and preferably from about 5 to 95% by weight. Other retardant polymers which may be used for the extrusion process of the present invention, as those skilled in the art will appreciate, include other cellulosic polymers, including other alkyl cellulosic polymers, may be substituted for part or all of water-insoluble portion of the retardant in the multiparticulate.
The terms “sustained release” and “extended duration” are defined for purposes of the present invention as the release of the drug (i.e., opioid analgesic) at such a rate that blood (e.g., plasma) levels are maintained within the therapeutic range but below toxic levels over a period of time greater than 6 hours, more preferably for periods of up to about 24 hours, or longer.
In certain preferred embodiments, the acrylic polymer is comprised of one or more ammonio methacrylate copolymers. Ammonio methacrylate copolymers are well known in the art, and are described in NF XVII as fully polymerized copolymers of acrylic and methacrylic acid esters with a low content of quaternary ammonium groups.
In one preferred embodiment, the acrylic polymer is an acrylic resin lacquer such as that which is commercially available from Rohm Pharma under the Tradename Eudragit®. In further preferred embodiments, the acrylic polymer comprises a mixture of two acrylic resin lacquers commercially available from Rohm Pharma under the Tradenames Eudragit® RL30D and Eudragit® RS30D, respectively. Eudragit® RL30D and Eudragit® RS30D are copolymers of acrylic and methacrylic esters with a low content of quaternary ammonium groups, the molar ratio of ammonium groups to the remaining neutral (meth)acrylic esters being 1:20 in Eudragit® RL30D and 1:40 in Eudragit® RS30D. The mean molecular weight is about 150,000. Edragit® and Eudragit® L-100 are also preferred. The code designations RL (high permeability) and RS (low permeability) refer to the permeability properties of these agents. Eudragit® RL/RS mixtures are insoluble in water and in digestive fluids. However, multiparticulate systems formed to include the same are swellable and permeable in aqueous solutions and digestive fluids.
The polymers described above such as Eudragit® RL/RS may be mixed together in any desired ratio in order to ultimately obtain a sustained-release formulation having a desirable dissolution profile. Desirable sustained-release multiparticulate systems may be obtained, for instance, from 100% Eudragit® RL, 50% Eudragit® RL and 50% Eudragit® RS, and 10% Eudragit® RL:Eudragit® 90% RS. Of course, one skilled in the art will recognize that other acrylic polymers may also be used, such as, for example, Eudragit® L.
In other preferred embodiments, the hydrophobic polymer which may be used is a hydrophobic cellulosic material such as ethylcellulose. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other cellulosic polymers, including other alkyl cellulosic polymers, may be substituted for part or all of the ethylcellulose included in the hydrophobic polymer portion of the multiparticulates of the present invention.
In certain preferred embodiments, the release-modifying agent or retardant is selected from materials such as hydroxyalkylcelluloses such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and mixtures of the foregoing.
The retardants may also include a plasticizer. Examples of suitable plasticizers for ethylcellulose include water insoluble plasticizers such as dibutyl sebacate, diethyl phthalate, triethyl citrate, tributyl citrate, and triacetin, although it is possible that other water-insoluble plasticizers (such as acetylated monoglycerides, phthalate esters, castor oil, etc.) may be used. Triethyl citrate is especially preferred.
Examples of suitable plasticizers for the acrylic polymers of the present invention include citric acid esters such as triethyl citrate NF XVI, tributyl citrate, dibutyl phthalate, and possibly 1,2-propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, propylene glycol, diethyl phthalate, castor oil, and triacetin, although it is possible that other water-insoluble plasticizers (such as acetylated monoglycerides, phthalate esters, castor oil, etc.) may be used. Triethyl citrate is especially preferred.
The binder portion of the melt-extruded particles is optionally included. It has been fouond that the binder can be reduced or even eliminated from the extrusion if the physical properties and relationships between the therapeutically active ingredient and retardant(s) allow a sufficiently cohesive extruded strand to exit the apparatus. A non-limiting list of suitable binders includes hydrogenated vegetable or castor oil, paraffin, higher aliphatic alcohols, higher aliphatic acids, long chain fatty acids, fatty acid esters, and mixtures thereof.
The binder material may consist of one or more water-insoluble wax-like thermoplastic substances possibly mixed with one or more wax-like thermoplastic substances being less hydrophobic than said one or more water-insoluble wax-like substances. In order to achieve constant release, the individual wax-like substances in the binder material should be substantially non-degradable and insoluble in gastrointestinal fluids during the initial release phases.
Useful water-insoluble wax-like substances may be those with a water-solubility that is lower than about 1:5,000 (w/w).
Binder materials are preferably water-insoluble with more or less pronounced hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic trends. Specifically, the wax-like substance may comprise fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters, fatty acid glycerides (mono-, di-, and tri-glycerides), hydrogenated fats, hydrocarbons, normal waxes, stearic aid, stearyl alcohol and hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers having hydrocarbon backbones.
In addition to the foregoing, the melt-extruded particles can be prepared to include pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and excipients. It is to be understood that these materials can be mixed with the particles after extrusion as well. Specific examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and excipients that may be used to formulate oral dosage forms are described in the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, American Pharmaceutical Association (1986), incorporated by reference herein. Techniques and compositions for making solid oral dosage forms are described in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablets (Lieberman, Lachman and Schwartz, editors). Second Edition, published by Marcel Dekker, Inc., incorporated by reference herein. Techniques and compositions for making tablets (compressed and molded), capsules (hard and soft gelatin) and pills are also described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, (Arthur Osol, editor), 1553-1593 (1980), incorporated by reference herein.
An optional process for preparing the multiparticulates and unit doses of the present invention includes directly metering into an extruder a water-insoluble retardant, a therapeutically active agent, and an optional binder; heating said homogenous mixture; extruding said homogenous mixture to thereby form strands; cooling said strands containing said homogeneous mixture; and cutting said strands into particles having a size from about 0.1 mm to about 12 mm; and dividing said particles into unit doses. In this aspect of the invention, a relatively continuous manufacturing procedure is realized.
Multiparticulates and Multiparticulate Systems
The multiparticulate system can be, for example, in the form of granules, spheroids or pellets depending upon the extruder exit orifice. For purposes of the present invention, the terms “multiparticulate(s)” and “multiparticulate system(s)” and “melt-extruded paricles” shall refer to a plurality of units, preferably within a range of similar size and/or shape and containing one or more active agents and one or more excipients, preferably including a retardant as described herein. In this regard, the multiparticulates will be of a range of from about 0.1 to about 12 mm in length and have a diameter of from about 0.l to about 5 mm. In addition, it is to be understood that the multiparticulates can be any geometrical shape within this size range such as beads, microspheres, seeds, pellets, etc.
The multiparticulate can thereafter be included in a capsule or in any other suitable solid form.
The term “unit dose” is defined for purposes of the present invention as the total amount of substrates needed to administer a desired dose of drug (e.g., opioid analgesic) to a patient.
In one especially preferred embodiment, oral dosage forms are prepared to include an effective amount of multiparticulates within a capsule. For example, a plurality of the melt extruded particles may be placed in a gelatin capsule in an amount sufficient to provide an effective controlled-release dose when ingested and contacted by gastric fluid. In certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the sustained-release multiparticulate systems are coated with a sustained-release coating. The coating formulations of the present invention should be capable of producing a strong, continuous film that is smooth and elegant, capable of supporting pigments and other coating additives, non-toxic, inert, and tack-free.
In order to obtain a sustained-release of opioid, for example, sufficient to provide an analgesic effect for the extended durations set forth in the present invention, the melt extruded particles comprising the therapeutically active agent may be coated with a sufficient amount of hydrophobic material to obtain a weight gain level from about 2 to about 30 percent, although the overcoat may be greater depending upon the physical properties of the particular opioid analgesic compound utilized and the desired release rate, among other things. In certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the hydrophobic polymer comprising the sustained-release coating is a pharmaceutically acceptable acrylic polymer, such as those described hereinabove.
The solvent which is used for the hydrophobic material may be any pharmaceutically acceptable solvent, including water, methanol, ethanol, methylene chloride and mixtures thereof. It is preferable however, that the coatings be based upon aqueous dispersions of the hydrophobic material.
In one preferred embodiment the multiparticulate is used in a sustained-release opioid oral dosage form and includes hydromorphone as the therapeutically active ingredient in an amount from about 4 to about 64 mg hydromorphone hydrochloride. Alternatively, the dosage form may contain molar equivalent amounts of other hydromorphone salts or of the hydromorphone base. In other preferred embodiments where the opioid analgesic is other than hydromorphone, the dosage form contains an appropriate amount to provide a substantially equivalent therapeutic effect. For example, when the opioid analgesic comprises morphine, the sustained-release oral dosage forms of the present invention include form about 5 mg to about 800 mg morphine, by weight. When the opioid analgesic comprises oxycodone, the sustained-release oral dosage forms of the present invention include from about 5 mg to about 400 mg oxycodone. In these aspects of the invention, the multiparticulate can be encapsulated or compressed into solid oral dosage forms using standard techniques.
The unit dosage forms of the present invention may further include combinations of multiparticulates containing one or more of the active agents disclosed above before being encapsulated. Furthermore, the unit dosage forms can also include an amount of an immediate release active agent for prompt therapeutic effect.
The controlled-release formulations of the present invention slowly release the therapeutically active agent, e.g., when ingested and exposed to gastric fluids, and then to intestinal fluids. The controlled-release profile of the formulations of the invention can be altered, for example, by varying the amount of retardant, i.e., hydrophobic polymer, by varying the amount of plasticizer relative to hydrophobic polymer, by the inclusion of additional ingredients or excipients, by altering the method of manufacture, etc.
For example, hydromorphone-containing multiparticulate may also be overcoated with an aqueous dispersion of the hydrophobic polymer. The aqueous dispersion of hydrophobic polymer preferably further includes an effective amount of plasticizer, e.g. triethyl citrate. Pre-formulated aqueous dispersions of ethylcellulose, such as Aquacoat® or Surelease®, may be used. If Surelease® is used, it is not necessary to separately add a plasticizer. Alternatively, pre-formulated aqueous dispersions of acrylic polymers such as Eudragit® can be used. These coating solutions may also contain film-formers, plasticizers, a solvent system (i.e., water), a colorant to provide elegance and product distinction. Color may also be added to or during the extrusion of the therapeutically active agent and retardant.
The plasticized aqueous dispersion of hydrophobic polymer may be applied onto the multiparticulate comprising the therapeutically active agent by spraying using any suitable spray equipment known in the art. In a preferred method, a Wurster fluidized-bed system is used in which an air jet, injected from underneath, fluidizes the multiparticulate material and effects drying while the acrylic polymer coating is sprayed on. A sufficient amount of the aqueous dispersion of hydrophobic polymer to obtain a pre-determined controlled-release of said therapeutically active agent when the coated particulate is exposed to aqueous solutions, e.g. gastric fluid, is preferably applied, taking into account the physical characteristics of the therapeutically active agent, the manner of incorporation of the plasticizer, etc.
In addition to the above ingredients, a controlled-release matrix may also contain suitable quantities of other materials, e.g. diluents, lubricants, binders, granulating aids, colorants, flavorants and glidants that are conventional in the pharmaceutical art in amounts up to about 50% by weight of the particulate if desired.
In a further aspect of the present invention, a process for the preparation of a multiparticulate controlled release, oral dosage form is provided, This aspect includes homogeneously mixing a therapeutically effective agent with a water-insoluble retardant and, optionally, a binder; extruding the mixture, cooling the exiting extruded strands, rendering the strands into particles having a size of from about 0.1 to about 12 mm in length and optionally, encapsulating or compressing and shaping the granules into tablets. The diameter of the extruder aperture or exit port can also be adjusted to vary the thickness of the extruded strands. Furthermore, the exit part of the extruder need not be round; it can be oblong, rectangular, etc. The exiting strands can be reduced to particles using a hot wire cutter, guillotine, etc.
As shown in
Premix the required amount of drug, polymers, and optional binder (wax).
Charge a powder feeder with proper amount of drug/excipient blend.
Set temperatures of extruder to the required temperature, depending on the formulation. Wait until the corresponding heating zones reach steady temperatures. Start the feeder and the extruder. The drug/excipient powder blend is melted and intimately mixed in the extruder. The diameter of the extruder aperture can be adjusted to vary the thickness of the resulting strand.
Set the conveyor belt speed to an appropriate speed (e.g., 3-100 ft/min). Allow the extruded semisolid strand(s) to be congealed and transported to the pelletizer. Additional cooling devices may be needed to ensure proper congealing. (The conveyor belt may not be needed to cool the strand, if the material congeals rapidly enough.)
Set the roller speed and cutter speed (e.g., to 3-100 ft/min and 100-800 rpm). Cut the congealed strands to desired size (e.g., 3-5 mm in diameter, 0.3-5. mm in length).
Collect the pellet product.
Fill a desired weight of pellets into hard gelatin capsules to obtain an appropriate does of the drug.
1st hour in 700 ml simulated gastric fluid or SGF thereafter, 900 ml simulated intestinal fluid SIF
Using HPLC procedures for assay
The following examples illustrate various aspects of the present invention. They are not meant to be construed to limit the claims in any manner whatsoever.
In these examples, chlorpheniramine maleate controlled release pellets were prepared according to the above manufacturing procedure using ethylcellulose and an acrylic polymer (Eudragit RSPO), respectively as the retardant. The formulations are set forth in Tables 1 and 2 below. The dissolution of these formulations is set forth in
Amt. (mg) per Capsule
Amt. (mg) per Capsule
The excipients used in Ex. 2 were employed to make morphine sulfate controlled release pellets. The drug release rate was slower than expected especially during later hours of the dissolution.
To increase the drug dissolution rate during later hours, varying amounts of Eudragit L-100 were incorporated in the formulation. The drug dissolution rate increases with increasing amount of Eudragit L-100 in the formulation.
Amt. (mg) per Capsule
Amt. (mg) per Capsule
Amt. (mg) per Capsule
Amt. (mg) per Capsule
Stearic Acid (SA)
As seen in
As demonstrated in
Amt. (mg) per Capsule
Stearic Acid (SA)
Diethyl Phthalate (DEP)
Amt. (mg) per Capsule
Stearic Acid (SA)
Tributyl Citrate (TBC)
A different polymer/wax combination was used as an alternative formulation. As seen in
Amt. (mg) per Capsule
Polyvinyl Acetate Phthalate
Amt. (mg) per Capsule
Polyvinyl Acetate Phthalate
The formula used in Ex. 5 was applied to oxycodone hydrochloride. Due to the higher potency of oxycodone, only 20 mg of drug was used. The missing 40 mg was replaced by 40 mg of talc (Ex. 12). No replacement was used in Ex. 11. When tested in only SGF or SIF, the use of Eudragit L causes the formulation to become less pH dependent. The results are shown in
Amt. (mg) per Capsule
Amt. (mg) per Capsule
The formula used in Ex. 5 was applied to hydromorphone hydrochloride. Due to the higher potency of hydromorphone, only 8 mg of drug was used. The missing 52 mg was replaced by 52 mg of talc (Ex. 14) or 52 mg of excipients (Ex. 13). The results are shown in
Amt. (mg) per Capsule
Amt. (mg) per Capsule
In this Example, a bioavailability study was under-taken. Fourteen subjects were given the morphine sulphate formulations of Example 3. The results are provided in Table 15 below and in
Example 3 Fasted
Example 3 Fed
From the above data, it can be seen that the formulation is an ideal candidate for an extended release or once-a-day product without a food effect.
The examples provided above are not meant to be exclusive. Many other variations of the present invention would be obvious to those skilled in the art, and are contemplated to be within the scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US2738303||Jul 18, 1952||Mar 13, 1956||Smith Kline French Lab||Sympathomimetic preparation|
|US3065143||Apr 19, 1960||Nov 20, 1962||Richardson Merrell Inc||Sustained release tablet|
|US3652589||Jul 27, 1967||Mar 28, 1972||Gruenenthal Chemie||1-(m-substituted phenyl)-2-aminomethyl cyclohexanols|
|US3714350||Mar 10, 1969||Jan 30, 1973||Mobil Oil Corp||Phosphoryl and thiophosphoryl pyrones as insecticides|
|US3830934||Jan 13, 1972||Aug 20, 1974||Gruenenthal Chemie||Analgesic and antitussive compositions and methods|
|US3845770||Jun 5, 1972||Nov 5, 1974||Alza Corp||Osmatic dispensing device for releasing beneficial agent|
|US3853988||Sep 28, 1971||Dec 10, 1974||Establissements Apric Sa||Sustained released pharmaceutical compositions|
|US3880991||Dec 29, 1970||Apr 29, 1975||Brook David E||Polymeric article for dispensing drugs|
|US3950508||May 7, 1973||Apr 13, 1976||Laboratoires Servier||Process for obtaining pharmaceutical sustained releases|
|US3965256||Jun 5, 1974||Jun 22, 1976||Synergistics||Slow release pharmaceutical compositions|
|US3974157||Jan 29, 1975||Aug 10, 1976||Pennwalt Corporation||1-(Amino-alkyl)-2-aryl-cyclohexane alcohols and esters|
|US4013784||Oct 2, 1974||Mar 22, 1977||Peter Speiser||Delayed release pharmaceutical preparations|
|US4076798||Nov 2, 1976||Feb 28, 1978||American Cyanamid Company||High molecular weight polyester resin, the method of making the same and the use thereof as a pharmaceutical composition|
|US4132753||Nov 3, 1967||Jan 2, 1979||American Cyanamid Company||Process for preparing oral sustained release granules|
|US4173417||Jun 20, 1978||Nov 6, 1979||Hpm Corporation||Extrusion apparatus and method|
|US4230687||May 30, 1978||Oct 28, 1980||Griffith Laboratories U.S.A., Inc.||Encapsulation of active agents as microdispersions in homogeneous natural polymeric matrices|
|US4259314||Dec 10, 1979||Mar 31, 1981||Hans Lowey||Method and composition for the preparation of controlled long-acting pharmaceuticals|
|US4265875||Oct 19, 1979||May 5, 1981||Inveresk Research International||Controlled release suppositories|
|US4292300||Jul 20, 1977||Sep 29, 1981||Inveresk Research International||Controlled release suppositories|
|US4310483||Aug 3, 1979||Jan 12, 1982||Ciba-Geigy Corporation||Thermal tumbling granulation|
|US4343789||Jul 2, 1980||Aug 10, 1982||Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.||Sustained release pharmaceutical composition of solid medical material|
|US4344431||Aug 4, 1980||Aug 17, 1982||University Of Delaware||Polymeric article for dispensing drugs|
|US4346709||Nov 10, 1980||Aug 31, 1982||Alza Corporation||Drug delivery devices comprising erodible polymer and erosion rate modifier|
|US4366172||Sep 29, 1977||Dec 28, 1982||The Upjohn Company||4-Amino-cyclohexanols, their pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use|
|US4374082||Aug 18, 1981||Feb 15, 1983||Richard Hochschild||Method for making a pharmaceutical and/or nutritional dosage form|
|US4380534||Apr 1, 1981||Apr 19, 1983||Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.||Solid drug preparations|
|US4389393||Mar 26, 1982||Jun 21, 1983||Forest Laboratories, Inc.||Sustained release therapeutic compositions based on high molecular weight hydroxypropylmethylcellulose|
|US4406883||Mar 27, 1981||Sep 27, 1983||Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc.||Controlled release suppositories consisting essentially of a linear polymer particularly, polyvinyl pyrrolidones|
|US4421736||May 20, 1982||Dec 20, 1983||Merrel Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc.||Sustained release diethylpropion compositions|
|US4483847||Sep 20, 1983||Nov 20, 1984||Warner-Lambert Company||Process for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition with a retarded liberation of active material|
|US4533562||Apr 19, 1984||Aug 6, 1985||Sankyo Company, Limited||Method of preparing coated solid preparations|
|US4613619||Feb 22, 1985||Sep 23, 1986||Akzo N.V.||Anti-arrhythmic amino-alcohols|
|US4621114||Jul 2, 1984||Nov 4, 1986||Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd.||Propylene resin composition|
|US4649042||Apr 3, 1985||Mar 10, 1987||Eli Lilly And Company||Rumen delivery device|
|US4720384||Aug 21, 1986||Jan 19, 1988||E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company||Manufacture of hollow fine tubular drug delivery systems|
|US4764378||Feb 10, 1986||Aug 16, 1988||Zetachron, Inc.||Buccal drug dosage form|
|US4778676||Dec 20, 1985||Oct 18, 1988||Warner-Lambert Company||Confectionery delivery system for actives|
|US4801458||Jun 23, 1986||Jan 31, 1989||Teijin Limited||Sustained release pharmaceutical plaster|
|US4801460||Apr 6, 1987||Jan 31, 1989||Basf Aktiengesellschaft||Preparation of solid pharmaceutical forms|
|US4806337||Oct 14, 1986||Feb 21, 1989||Zetachron, Inc.||Erodible matrix for sustained release bioactive composition|
|US4818450||Oct 27, 1986||Apr 4, 1989||Imperial Chemical Industries, Plc||Apparatus and method for forming pellets|
|US4828836||May 19, 1987||May 9, 1989||Euroceltique S.A.||Controlled release pharmaceutical composition|
|US4834984||May 19, 1987||May 30, 1989||Euroceltique S.A.||Controlled release dihydrocodeine composition|
|US4842761||Mar 23, 1988||Jun 27, 1989||International Flavors & Fragrances, Inc.||Compositions and methods for controlled release of fragrance-bearing substances|
|US4844907||Aug 14, 1986||Jul 4, 1989||Euroceltique, S.A.||Pharmaceutical composition comprising analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent|
|US4844909||Oct 26, 1987||Jul 4, 1989||Euroceltique, S.A.||Controlled release hydromorphone composition|
|US4861598||Jul 18, 1986||Aug 29, 1989||Euroceltique, S.A.||Controlled release bases for pharmaceuticals|
|US4879108||Oct 14, 1988||Nov 7, 1989||Warner-Lambert Company||Confectionery delivery system for antipyretics|
|US4880585||Dec 22, 1988||Nov 14, 1989||Basf Aktiengesellschaft||Continuous method of tableting|
|US4880830||Feb 9, 1987||Nov 14, 1989||Ethical Pharmaceuticals Limited||Slow release formulation|
|US4882151||Oct 14, 1988||Nov 21, 1989||Warner Lambert Co.||Confectionery delivery system for antihistimines|
|US4882152||Oct 14, 1988||Nov 21, 1989||Yang Robert K||Confectionery delivery system for laxatives, vitamins and antacids|
|US4882153||Oct 13, 1988||Nov 21, 1989||Warner Lambert Co.||Confectionery delivery system for antitussives|
|US4882155||Oct 14, 1988||Nov 21, 1989||Warner Lambert Co.||Confectionery delivery system for antiarrhythmics|
|US4882156||Oct 14, 1988||Nov 21, 1989||Warner Lambert Co.||Confectionery delivery system for expectorants|
|US4882157||Oct 14, 1988||Nov 21, 1989||Yang Robert K||Confectionery delivery system for anti-cholesterolemics|
|US4882159||Oct 14, 1988||Nov 21, 1989||Warner Lambert Co.||Confectionery delivery system for appetite suppressants|
|US4882167||Nov 24, 1987||Nov 21, 1989||Jang Choong Gook||Dry direct compression compositions for controlled release dosage forms|
|US4894234||Jul 26, 1988||Jan 16, 1990||Sharma Shri C||Novel drug delivery system for antiarrhythmics|
|US4917899||Nov 16, 1987||Apr 17, 1990||Elan Corporation Plc||Controlled absorption diltiazem formulation|
|US4925675||Aug 19, 1988||May 15, 1990||Himedics, Inc.||Erythromycin microencapsulated granules|
|US4935246||Jun 29, 1988||Jun 19, 1990||Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft||Process for the coating of granules|
|US4957681||Apr 3, 1989||Sep 18, 1990||Basf Aktiengesellschaft||Preparation of pharmaceutical mixtures|
|US4959208||Oct 28, 1988||Sep 25, 1990||Ppg Industries, Inc.||Active agent delivery device|
|US4967486||Jun 19, 1989||Nov 6, 1990||Glatt Gmbh||Microwave assisted fluidized bed processor|
|US4970075||Apr 5, 1989||Nov 13, 1990||Euroceltique, S.A.||Controlled release bases for pharmaceuticals|
|US4987136||Feb 12, 1986||Jan 22, 1991||The Rockefeller University||Method for controlling gastrointestinal dysmotility|
|US4990341||Apr 28, 1989||Feb 5, 1991||Euroceltique, S.A.||Controlled release hydromorphone composition|
|US4992100||Aug 7, 1989||Feb 12, 1991||Deutsche Gelatine-Fabriken Stoess & Co. Gmbh||Gelatine granules as well as methods and apparatus for their manufacture|
|US4994227||Feb 3, 1989||Feb 19, 1991||American Cyanamid Company||Method for the preparation of sustained released bolus formulation|
|US5007790||Apr 11, 1989||Apr 16, 1991||Depomed Systems, Inc.||Sustained-release oral drug dosage form|
|US5013306||Mar 21, 1990||May 7, 1991||Becton, Dickinson And Company||Anti-infective and antithrombogenic medical articles and method for their preparation|
|US5023089||Jul 13, 1989||Jun 11, 1991||Shionogi & Co., Ltd.||Sustained-release preparations and the process thereof|
|US5026560||Jan 14, 1988||Jun 25, 1991||Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.||Spherical granules having core and their production|
|US5030400||Jun 28, 1990||Jul 9, 1991||A/S Niro Atomizer||Process and an apparatus for agglomeration of a powdery material|
|US5035509||Aug 13, 1990||Jul 30, 1991||Hpm Corporation||Multi-channel extrusion screw with a zig-zag undercut barrier|
|US5049394||Mar 15, 1989||Sep 17, 1991||E. R. Squibb & Sons, Inc.||Pharmaceutical composition containing high drug load and method for preparing same|
|US5055307||Dec 28, 1989||Oct 8, 1991||Asahi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha||Slow release drug delivery granules and process for production thereof|
|US5073379||Aug 25, 1989||Dec 17, 1991||Basf Aktiengesellschaft||Continuous preparation of solid pharmaceutical forms|
|US5102668||Oct 5, 1990||Apr 7, 1992||Kingaform Technology, Inc.||Sustained release pharmaceutical preparation using diffusion barriers whose permeabilities change in response to changing pH|
|US5126145||Jun 11, 1990||Jun 30, 1992||Upsher Smith Laboratories Inc||Controlled release tablet containing water soluble medicament|
|US5132142||Mar 19, 1991||Jul 21, 1992||Glatt Gmbh||Apparatus and method for producing pellets by layering power onto particles|
|US5133974||Jan 24, 1990||Jul 28, 1992||Kv Pharmaceutical Company||Extended release pharmaceutical formulations|
|US5162117||Nov 22, 1991||Nov 10, 1992||Schering Corporation||Controlled release flutamide composition|
|US5165952||Sep 21, 1990||Nov 24, 1992||Becton, Dickinson And Company||Anti-infective and antithrombogenic medical articles and method for their preparation|
|US5167964||Feb 14, 1992||Dec 1, 1992||Warner-Lambert Company||Semi-enteric drug delivery systems and methods for preparing same|
|US5169645||Oct 31, 1989||Dec 8, 1992||Duquesne University Of The Holy Ghost||Directly compressible granules having improved flow properties|
|US5178868||Oct 4, 1991||Jan 12, 1993||Kabi Pharmacia Aktiebolaq||Dosage form|
|US5183690||Jun 25, 1990||Feb 2, 1993||The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture||Starch encapsulation of biologically active agents by a continuous process|
|US5196203||Sep 27, 1991||Mar 23, 1993||F. H. Faulding & Co. Limited||Theophylline dosage form|
|US5202128||Aug 24, 1990||Apr 13, 1993||F. H. Faulding & Co. Limited||Sustained release pharmaceutical composition|
|US5204119||Aug 20, 1991||Apr 20, 1993||Takao Shiobara||External preparation comprising calcium silicate|
|US5225199||Apr 23, 1991||Jul 6, 1993||Teijin Limited||Pharmaceutical plasters|
|US5229148||Feb 20, 1992||Jul 20, 1993||Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company||Method of combining active ingredients with polyvinyl acetates|
|US5234697||Jun 22, 1992||Aug 10, 1993||Digestive Care Inc.||Compositions of gastric acid-resistant microspheres containing salts of bile acids|
|US5240400||Jul 27, 1992||Aug 31, 1993||Fuji Paudal Kabushiki Kaisha||Screw-type extrusion granulating apparatus, especially for producing very fine granules|
|US5262172||Jun 19, 1992||Nov 16, 1993||Digestive Care Inc.||Compositions of gastric acid-resistant microspheres containing buffered bile acids|
|US5266331 *||Nov 27, 1991||Nov 30, 1993||Euroceltique, S.A.||Controlled release oxycodone compositions|
|US5271934||Oct 19, 1992||Dec 21, 1993||Revlon Consumer Products Corporation||Encapsulated antiperspirant salts and deodorant/antiperspirants|
|US5472712 *||Jun 23, 1993||Dec 5, 1995||Euroceltique, S.A.||Controlled-release formulations coated with aqueous dispersions of ethylcellulose|
|US5965161 *||Nov 4, 1994||Oct 12, 1999||Euro-Celtique, S.A.||Extruded multi-particulates|
|US6335033 *||Jul 22, 1999||Jan 1, 2002||Euro-Celtique, S.A.||Melt-extrusion multiparticulates|
|US6706281 *||Jan 2, 2002||Mar 16, 2004||Euro-Celtique, S.A.||Melt-extrusion multiparticulates|
|US6743442 *||Feb 6, 2001||Jun 1, 2004||Euro-Celtique, S.A.||Melt-extruded orally administrable opioid formulations|
|USRE33093||Nov 16, 1988||Oct 17, 1989||Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products, Inc.||Bioadhesive extruded film for intra-oral drug delivery and process|
|1||A.R. Gennaro, "Particle Phenomena and Coarse Dispersions", Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th Edition, 1985, p. 301.|
|2||Abstract No. 2-223533 "Agent with Release-Controlled Matrix", No Date.|
|3||Alan Royce et al., "Alternative Granulation Technique: Melt Granulation", Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 22(9 & 10), pp. 917-992 (1996).|
|4||Aqualon Technical Information Bulletin, VC-585, 1991.|
|5||B. Evrard et al., "Melt Granulation With a New Laboratory High-Shear Mixer", Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galenique, Institut de Pharmacie, No Date.|
|6||CA 101:60081 (1996) (1 page).|
|7||CA 112:75438 (1996) (1 page).|
|8||CA 113:218240 (1996) (1 page).|
|9||CA 113:98975 (1996) (1 page).|
|10||CA 114:30199 (1996) (1 page).|
|11||CA 115:177364 (1997) (1 page).|
|12||CA 74:67660 (1996) (1 page).|
|13||DA Alderman, Int. J. Pharm. Tech. and Prod. Mfr., 5(3), pp. 1-9, 1984.|
|14||Derwent Abstract DE 2553026 (1976).|
|15||Derwent Abstract EP 358 107 (1990).|
|16||Derwent Abstract of EP 0208144, published Jan. 14, 1987.|
|17||Derwent Abstract of JP 62040277 (1987).|
|18||Derwent Abstract of JP58109411 (1983).|
|19||E.M.G. van Bommel, "Production and Evaluation of In Vitro Release Characteristics of Spherical Grandient Matrix Systems", Acta Phar., Technol. 3b (2), pp. 74-78, 1990.|
|20||El-Shanawany, S., "Sustained Release of Nitrofurantion From Inert Wax Matrixes", J. Controlled Release, vol. 26, No. 1, issued 1993, pp. 11-19.|
|21||English translation of Japanese text of J.L. White, Twin Screw Extrusion, Technology and Principles, pp. 14 and 37, 1981.|
|22||FDA Guide to Inspections of Oral Solid Dosage Forms Pre/Post Approval Issues for Development and Validation, Jan. 1994.|
|23||Final rejection for U.S. Appl. No. 10/690,389, Jan. 5, 2007.|
|24||Final rejection for U.S. Appl. No. 11/076,551, Feb. 22, 2008.|
|25||Final Rejection for U.S. Appl. No. 11/076,551, filed Oct. 12, 2006.|
|26||Follonier, Nicolas, et al., "Hot-Melt Extruded Pellets For The Sustained Release Of Highly Dosed Freely Soluble Drugs", Capsule News, vol. 1, No. 3, Edited by Roland Daumesnil, (Jun./Jul. 1991).|
|27||Formulating for Controlled Release with METHOCEL(R) Premium Cellulose Ethers, The Dow Chemical Company, 1989.|
|28||Frank W. Goodhart et al., Design and Use of a Laboratory Extruder for Pharmaceutical Granulations, Journal of Pharm. Scien., 62(1), p. 133-136 (Jan. 1973).|
|29||HE Huber et al., J. Pharm. Sci. 55(9), Sep. 1966, pp. 974-976.|
|30||Higuchi et al., "Particle Phenomena and Coarse Dispersions," Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th Edition, 21:301-329 (1985).|
|31||Hunt et al., Clin. Ther., vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 482-488, 1990.|
|32||J.L. Ford, "The Current Status of Solid Dispersions", Pharm. Acta Helv. 61, Nr. 3 (1986), pp. 69-88.|
|33||J.L. White, Twin Screw Extrusion, Technology and Principles, pp. 14 and 37, 1981.|
|34||J.P. Skelly, Scael-up of Immediate Releae Oral Solid Dosage Forms, AAPS/FDA Workshop Committee, Pharmaceutical Technology, pp. 68-74, Apr. 1995.|
|35||JE Hogan, Drug Dev. & Ind. Pharmacy, 15 (6 & 7), p. 975-999, (1989).|
|36||JL Ford et al., Int. J. Pharmaceutics, 24 (1985), pp. 327-338.|
|37||KV Ranga Rao et al., Int. J. Pharmaceutics, 48 (1988), pp. 1-13.|
|38||L W S Cheong et al., Pharm. Res. 9(11), pp. 1510-1514 (1992).|
|39||L. Lachman et al., "The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy", p. 315, Lea & Febiger, Phi. 1976.|
|40||Lin Sy et al., Current Therapeutic Research 52 (3), pp. 486-492, Sep. 1992.|
|41||M. Niskanen et al., "Pelletization in a Centrifugal Granulator, Part I: Effects of Binder-Solution Concentration", Pharm. Tech. Int'l., Oct. 1990, pp. 22-38.|
|42||M. Zahirul I. Khan, "Recent Trends and Progress in Sustained or Controlled Oral Delivery of Some Water Soluble Drugs: Morphine Salts, Diltiazem and Captopril", Drug Devi. and Industr. Pharm., vol. 21, No. 9, pp. 1037-1070, 1995.|
|43||M.A. Longer, "Sustained-Release Drug Deliver Systems", Remington's Pharm. Scie., 18th Edition, pp. 1676-1693, 1990.|
|44||M.J. Jozwiakowski et al., "Characterization of a Hot-Melt Fluid Bed Coating Process for Fine Granules", Pharm. Research, vol. 7, No. 11, 1990, pp. 1119-1124.|
|45||M.S. Vazquez et al., Ddrug Dev. & Ind. Pharmacy, 18 (11 & 12), pp. 1355-1378 (1992).|
|46||McTaggart, C.M. et al., "The Evaluation of Formulation and Processing Conditions of a Melt Granulation Process", Int'L. J. Pharm. vol. 19, No. 2, issued 1984, pp. 139-148.|
|47||Methocel, Colorcon. Technical Information, No Date.|
|48||N. Follonier et al., "Evaluation of Hot-Melt Extrusion as a New Technique for the Production of Polymer-Based Pellets for Sustained Release Capsules Containing High Loadings of Freely Soluble Drugs", Drug. Dev. and Industr. Pharm., vol. 20, No. 8, pp. 1323-1339, (1994).|
|49||Nicolas Follonier et al., "Various Ways of Modulating the Release of Diltiazem Hydrochloride from Hot-melt Extruded Sustained Release Pellets Prepard Using Polymeric Materials", Journal of Controlled Release, 36, pp. 243-250 (1995).|
|50||Nicolas Follonier1, Eric Doelker and Ewart T. Cole, Evaluation of Hot-Melt Extrusion as a New Technique for the Production of Polymer-Based Pellets for Sustained Release Capsules containing high loadings of freely soluble drugs, Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 20(8), 1323-1339 (1994).|
|51||Nicolas Follonier1, Eric Doelker1 and Ewart T. Cole2, Hot-Melt Extruded Pellets for the Sustained Release of Highly Dosed Freely Solluble Drugs, Proceed. Intern. Symp. COntrol. Rel. Bioact. Mater., 18(1991), pp. 578-579.|
|52||Non-Final rejection for U.S. Appl. No. 10/690,389, Jul. 5, 2006.|
|53||Non-Final rejection for U.S. Appl. No. 10/690,389, Jun. 3, 2008.|
|54||Non-Final Rejection for U.S. Appl. No. 11/076,551, filed Mar. 13, 2006.|
|55||Non-Final Rejection for U.S. Appl. No. 11/076,551, Jun. 24, 2008.|
|56||Non-Final Rejection for U.S. Appl. No. 11/076,551, Jun. 26, 2007.|
|57||P. Colombo, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 11 (1993), pp. 37-57.|
|58||P. Flanders, et al., "The Control of Drug Releases From Conventional Melt Granulation Matrices", Drug Dev. and Industrial Pharm., vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 1001-1022, 1987.|
|59||PB Daly et al., Int. J. Pharmaceutics, 18 (1984), pp. 201-205.|
|60||Publication, KEX, Twin Screw Compounding Extruder, (Oct. 1989).|
|61||R. Kinget, et al., "Preparation and Properties of Granulates Containing Solid Dispersions" , Acta Phar. Tech., vol. 31, No. 2, 1985, pp. 57-62.|
|62||Sekiguchi, et al., "Studies on Absorption of Eutectic Mixture . . . ", Chem. Pharm. Bull., vol. 9 (1961), pp. 866-872.|
|63||SK Baveja et al., Int. J. Pharmaceutics, 41, (1988), pp. 55-62.|
|64||Sustained Release Medications, pp. 50-53, Noyes Data Corp. (J.C. Johnson), 1980.|
|65||T. Schaefer et al., "Melt Pelletization in a High Shear Mixer I Effects of Process Variables and Binder", Acta Pharm. Nord. vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 133-140, 1992.|
|66||T. Schaefer et al., "Melt Pelletization in a High Shear Mixer II Power Consumption and Granule Growth", Acta Pharm. Nord. vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 141-148, 1992.|
|67||T. Schaefer, et al., "Melt Granulation in a Laboratory Scale High Shear Mixer", Drug Dev. and Indust. Phar., vol. 16, No. 8, pp. 1249-1277, 1990.|
|68||Thomsen, L. Juul, "Matrix Pellets Prolonged Formulations Prepared by Melt Pelletization", Dept. of Pharm. Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, 1992.|
|69||Thomsen, L. Juul, "Prolonged Release Matrix Pellets Prepared by Melt Pelletization. Part IV: Drug Content, Drug Particle Size and Binder Composition", Pharmaceutical Technology Europa, pp. 19-22 (Oct. 1994).|
|70||Thomsen, L. Juul, "Ultilizing melt pelletization tequnique for the preparation of prolonged release products", Pelletization, (material elaborated by assistant Prof. Lars Juul Thomsen, Dept. of Pharmaceutics, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy for the DIE course "Pelletization Technology", Nov. 1992, 106 pages plus appendixes.|
|71||Thomsen, L. Juul, et al., "Prolonged Release Matrix Pellets Prepared by Melt Pelletization II. Hydrophobic Substances as Meltable Binders", Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, vol. 20, No. 7, pp. 1179-1197 (1994).|
|72||Thomsen,L. Juul, et al., "Prolonged Release Matrix Pellets Prepared by Melt Pelletization I. Process Variables", Drug Development and Industrial Pharmac y, vol. 19, No. 15, pp. 1867-1887 (1993).|
|73||Twin Screw Extrusion in the Production of Novel Dosage Forms, Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Review (Jun. 1994).|
|74||U.S. Appl. No. 11/076,551, filed Mar. 9, 2005, Oshlack et al.|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US8808745||Aug 23, 2013||Aug 19, 2014||Egalet Ltd.||Morphine polymer release system|
|US8877241||Mar 26, 2004||Nov 4, 2014||Egalet Ltd.||Morphine controlled release system|
|US9005660||Feb 5, 2010||Apr 14, 2015||Egalet Ltd.||Immediate release composition resistant to abuse by intake of alcohol|
|US9023394||Jun 26, 2013||May 5, 2015||Egalet Ltd.||Formulations and methods for the controlled release of active drug substances|
|US9044402||Apr 10, 2014||Jun 2, 2015||Egalet Ltd.||Abuse-deterrent pharmaceutical compositions for controlled release|
|US9259872||Aug 31, 2005||Feb 16, 2016||Euro-Celtique S.A.||Multiparticulates|
|US20040081694 *||Oct 21, 2003||Apr 29, 2004||Euro-Celtique, S.A.||Melt-extruded orally administrable opioid formulations|
|US20060165790 *||Dec 20, 2005||Jul 27, 2006||Malcolm Walden||Multiparticulates|
|US20100034876 *||Feb 11, 2010||Purdue Pharma L.P.||Controlled release oxycodone compositions|
|US20100092570 *||Oct 15, 2009||Apr 15, 2010||Purdue Pharma L.P.||Controlled release oxycodone compositions|
|U.S. Classification||424/457, 424/456, 424/480, 424/461, 424/489, 424/468|
|International Classification||A61K9/52, A61K47/12, A61K31/485, A61K9/26, A61K47/38, A61K, A61K47/32, A61K47/00, A61K47/10, A61K31/135, A61K9/14, A61K47/44, A61K47/46, A61K9/20, A61K9/16, A61K9/22|
|Cooperative Classification||Y10S514/962, Y10S514/951, A61K9/1652, A61K9/1694, A61K9/145, A61K9/2095, A61K9/1635, A61K9/2027, A61K9/2018, A61K9/1617, A61K9/2077, A61K9/2081|
|European Classification||A61K9/16H6F, A61K9/20H6B, A61K9/20P, A61K9/16P4, A61K9/20H4B, A61K9/16H6B, A61K9/20K2B, A61K9/16H4, A61K9/20K2|
|Jul 10, 2008||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: PURDUE PHARMA L.P., CONNECTICUT
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EURO-CELTIQUE S.A.;REEL/FRAME:021217/0075
Effective date: 20080709
|Jun 2, 2009||CC||Certificate of correction|
|Aug 28, 2012||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4