|Número de publicación||US6982565 B2|
|Tipo de publicación||Concesión|
|Número de solicitud||US 10/379,949|
|Fecha de publicación||3 Ene 2006|
|Fecha de presentación||6 Mar 2003|
|Fecha de prioridad||6 Mar 2003|
|También publicado como||US7053641, US7078922, US7409762, US20040174176, US20050127928, US20050225344, US20060181295|
|Número de publicación||10379949, 379949, US 6982565 B2, US 6982565B2, US-B2-6982565, US6982565 B2, US6982565B2|
|Inventores||Kyle K. Kirby|
|Cesionario original||Micron Technology, Inc.|
|Exportar cita||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Citas de patentes (51), Otras citas (5), Citada por (14), Clasificaciones (16), Eventos legales (6)|
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet|
This invention relates generally to semiconductor manufacture and testing. More particularly, this invention relates to an interconnect for electrically engaging semiconductor components, to test systems incorporating the interconnect and to test methods employing the interconnect.
Semiconductor components, such as dice and packages, are typically tested at the wafer level prior to being singulated into separate components. Semiconductor components include patterns of component contacts, such as bond pads, redistribution pads or test pads, which provide electrical connection points for addressing the integrated circuits contained on the components. An interconnect having interconnect contacts can be used to make temporary electrical connections with the component contacts. Test signals are then transmitted through the interconnect contacts and the component contacts, to the integrated circuits contained on the components.
One type of conventional interconnect is a probe card. Probe cards come in several varieties, including needle probe cards and membrane probe cards. A needle probe card, includes a substrate, circuit traces on the substrate, and needle probes soldered to openings in the substrate in electrical communication with circuit traces.
One problem with a conventional needle probe cards is that the planarity and vertical position of the needle probes can vary. These variations can cause inaccuracies in the test results because electrical contact with the component contacts can vary. Continued use of needle probe cards causes wear, deformation and further misalignment of the needle probes.
Membrane probe cards typically include a membrane formed of a thin and flexible dielectric material such as polyimide, and interconnect contacts in the form of metal bumps on the membrane. In general, membrane probe cards are able to compensate for vertical misalignment between the component contacts. However, the manufacturing process for membrane probes is complex and expensive. In addition, support mechanisms for membrane probes are also complicated and can require a large number of moving parts.
Another disadvantage of membrane probe cards is that large contact forces are required to make reliable electrical connections between the metal bumps on the membrane, and the component contacts on the components. These contact forces include a vertical “overdrive” force, and a horizontal “scrubbing” force. These large forces can damage the component contacts and the components. In addition, the metal bumps and the membranes are repeatedly stressed by the large forces, which can cause the membrane to lose its resiliency. Elastomeric members in the support mechanisms can also be compressed and damages with repeated use.
Another type of interconnect for electrically engaging semiconductor components includes semiconductor interconnect contacts having projections for penetrating the component contacts to a limited penetration depth. This type of interconnect is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,483,741 to Akram et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,686,317 to Akram et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,716,218 to Farnworth et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 6,072,321 to Akram et al.
In view of the deficiencies associated with conventional interconnects, the present invention is directed to an improved interconnect for semiconductor components. The interconnect of the present invention includes semiconductor contacts having an integrally formed spring element. In addition, the present invention is directed to test systems incorporating the interconnect, to test methods performed using the interconnect, and to fabrication methods for fabricating the interconnect.
In accordance with the present invention, an improved interconnect for semiconductor components, test systems incorporating the interconnect, a method for testing semiconductor components using the interconnect, and a method for fabricating the interconnect are provided.
The interconnect can be configured to test wafer sized components, such as semiconductor wafers containing dice or packages, or to test die sized components, such as singulated dice or packages. The interconnect includes a substrate, a plurality of interconnect contacts on the substrate for electrically engaging component contacts on the components, and a plurality of conductors on the substrate for electrically connecting the interconnect contacts to test circuitry.
The interconnect contacts include spring segments, and conductive bumps on the spring segments in electrical communication with the conductors. In an illustrative embodiment, the substrate comprises a semiconductor material, and the spring segments comprise flexible segments of the substrate defined by grooves or openings in the substrate. The spring segments are configured to flex to exert spring forces on the component contacts, and to compensate for variations in the size or planarity of the component contacts.
A wafer level test system includes test circuitry, a wafer prober, and a wafer sized interconnect mounted to the wafer prober in electrical communication with the test circuitry. A die level test system includes test circuitry, a test carrier configured to retain discrete semiconductor components, such as bare dice and packages, and a die sized interconnect mounted to the test carrier in electrical communication with the test circuitry.
A method for testing the components includes the steps of providing the interconnect with the interconnect contacts, biasing the interconnect contacts against the component contacts using a spring force generated by the spring segments, and applying test signals through the interconnect contacts and the component contacts to the components.
A method for fabricating the interconnect includes the steps of providing a semiconductor substrate, and micromachining or etching openings in the substrate to define spring segments having a selected shape and spring constant.
As used herein, the term “semiconductor component” refers to an electronic component that includes a semiconductor die. Exemplary semiconductor components include semiconductor wafers, semiconductor dice, semiconductor packages, and BGA devices.
The term “wafer level fabrication method” means a semiconductor fabrication method in which semiconductor wafers are used to make semiconductor components.
As shown in
The contacts 14 on the substrate 12 are adapted to electrically engage component contacts 22 (
As shown in
The conductive bumps 32 can comprise a wear resistant metal, such as nickel, copper, beryllium copper, or alloys thereof. The conductive bumps 32 can also comprise another metal or metal alloy used in semiconductor manufacture, such as a solder alloy. In addition, the conductive bumps 32 can comprise a single layer of metal or multiple layers, such as an adhesion layer (e.g., nickel) and a non-oxidizing layer (e.g., gold). Further, the conductive bumps 32 can have a rough textured surface configured to penetrate the component contacts 22. U.S. Pat. No. 5,487,999 to Farnworth et al. which is incorporated herein by reference discloses a method for fabricating contact bumps with a rough textured surface. As another alternative, the conductive bumps 32 can comprise a conductive polymer material, or a conductive polymer material containing particles, such as metal or diamond, configured to penetrate the component contacts 22 (
In the illustrative embodiment, the conductive bumps 32 are generally hemishperically shaped bumps configured to electrically engage planar component contacts 22. However, the conductive bumps 32 can have another shape, such as a cylindrical, pointed, blade, spherical, pyramidal, pin, spring, concave, convex or hollow shape.
The conductors 26 can comprise a highly conductive metal capable of deposition using semiconductor circuit fabrication techniques, such as electroless deposition, CVD, electrolytic deposition, sputtering, etching, screen printing or stenciling. Suitable metals include aluminum, chromium, titanium, nickel, iridium, copper, gold, tungsten, silver, platinum, palladium, tantalum, molybdenum and alloys of these metals. In addition, the conductors 26 can comprise a single layer of metal, or a multi layered stack of metals. The edge contacts 24 can comprise a same metal as the conductors 26, or a wear resistant metal, such as nickel, copper, beryllium copper, or alloys thereof.
The interconnect 10 also includes an electrically insulating layer 40 on the surface of the substrate 12, configured to electrically insulate the conductive bumps 32, and the conductors 26, from the bulk of the substrate 12. As will be further explained, the insulating layer 40 can comprise a polymer, such as parylene or polyimide, or an oxide such as silicon dioxide.
As shown in
As shown in
Initially, as shown in
As shown in
The grooves 36K can be formed using a micromachining process, such as micro electro-discharge machining, laser machining or etching. Electro-discharge machining melts, and then splashes the work opposite an electrode tool by sparking between the work and the tool. Typically, both the work and the tool are immersed in an insulating liquid such as deionized water. With dielectric breakdown, sparking occurs, melting the work, vaporizing the liquid, and instantly splashing a molten section of the work. One advantage of electro-discharge machining is that there is no contact or force applied to the work. In addition, micron sized features can be machined with high precision.
One suitable apparatus for performing electro-discharge machining of the substrate 12K is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,448,529 B1 to Hiraishi et al., which is incorporated herein by reference. In addition, electro-discharge machining apparatus are commercially available from Matsushita Research Institute Tokyo, Inc. of Kawasaki, Japan. Further, U.S. Pat. No. 5,378,330 to Li et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,286,944 to Li, both of which are incorporated herein by reference, disclose electro-discharge machining methods. By way of example, with electro-discharge machining, the grooves 36K can extend completely through the substrate and have a width WG (
In addition, the length of the grooves 36K, which corresponds to the length L of the spring segments 34, can be on the order of 100 to 800 μm. The length of the grooves 36K is thus from 2 to 160 times greater than the width of the grooves 36K. In general, the length of the grooves 36K will be limited by the pitch of the component contacts 22, because each component contact 14K must be dimensioned to not interfere with an adjacent component contact 14K. In addition, the width WG of the grooves 14K can be much less than the pitch of the component contacts 22. For example, component contacts 22 typically have a pitch or center to center spacing of at least 200 μm. On the other hand, the grooves 36K can have a width WG of from 5 to 50 μm such that the width WG is from 0.0025 to 0.25 of the pitch of the component contacts 22.
The grooves 36K can also be formed using a laser machining process. A suitable laser system for performing the laser machining step is manufactured by Electro Scientific, Inc., of Portland, Oreg. and is designated a Model No. 2700. A representative laser fluence for forming the grooves 36K through a silicon substrate having a thickness of about 28 mils (725 μm), is from 2 to 10 watts/per groove at a pulse duration of 20–25 ns, and at a repetition rate of up to several thousand per second. The wavelength of the laser beam can be a standard UV wavelength (e.g., 355 nm). By way of example, with laser machining, the width of the grooves 36K can be from about 10 μm to 50 μm.
The grooves 36K can also be formed using an etching process, such as a wet etch process, a dry etch process or a plasma etching process. For example, with wet etching a mask, such as a hard mask or a photomask, can be formed on the substrate 12K with openings corresponding in size and location to the grooves 36K. The substrate 12K can then be etched through the openings to form the grooves 36K. With the substrate 12K comprising silicon, suitable wet etchants include TMAH (tetramethylammoniumhydroxide) and KOH (potassium hydroxide).
In general, electro-discharge machining, laser machining or etching techniques, can be used to form grooves or shaped openings which define spring segments, for any of the described embodiments of the interconnect contacts 14, 14A–14P. For example, as shown in
Similarly, electro-discharge machining, laser machining or etching techniques can be used to form the shaped spring segments 46F (
Following forming of the grooves 36K, and as shown in
Next, as shown in
Rather than etching the substrate 12K, thinning can be accomplished using a mechanical planarization apparatus (e.g., a grinder). One suitable mechanical planarization apparatus is manufactured by Okamoto, and is designated a model no. VG502. As another alternative, thinning can be performed using a chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) apparatus. Suitable CMP apparatus are commercially available from manufacturers such as Westech, SEZ, Plasma Polishing Systems, or TRUSI.
Next, as shown in
As also shown in
In addition, a suitable parylene product is available from Specialty Coating Systems, of Indianapolis, Ind., and is designated parylene “VIPAF-4”. A suitable deposition apparatus for depositing parylene polymers is a portable parylene deposition system, designated a “Model PDS 2010 LABCOATER 2”, also manufactured by Specialty Coating Systems, of Indianapolis, Ind.
Rather than parylene polymers, the insulating layers 40K can be an oxide, such as SiO2, formed by a growth process by exposure of the substrate 12K to an O2 atmosphere at an elevated temperature (e.g., 950° C.). Alternately, the insulating layers 40K can comprise an electrically insulating material, such as an oxide or a nitride, deposited using a deposition process such as CVD, or a polymer material deposited using a suitable deposition process such as screen printing. In this case, if the insulating material completely fills the openings 61K, a subsequent laser drilling step, substantially as previously described, may be required to re-open the openings 61K.
Next, as shown in
Rather than being a metal, the conductive material can comprise a conductive polymer, such as a metal filled silicone, or an isotropic epoxy. Another suitable conductive polymer is a nano-particle paste or ink, having metal nano-particles made of a highly conductive metal, such as aluminum. Nano-particle conductive polymers are commercially available from Superior Micropowders, of Albuquerque, N. Mex.
The openings 61K can also be formed using the laser machining processes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,107,109 to Akram et al, U.S. Pat. No. 6,114,240 to Akram et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 6,294,837 B1 to Akram et al., all of which are incorporated herein by reference. Rather than a laser machining processes, the conductive vias 61K can be formed using an etch mask and a suitable etchant. As another alternative, the conductive vias 61K can be formed as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,313,531 B1 to Geusic et al., which is incorporated herein by reference.
As also shown in
Next, as shown in
The testing system 60W includes a testing apparatus 62, and test circuitry 28 in electrical communication with the wafer level interconnect 10. The testing apparatus 62 can comprise a conventional wafer probe handler, or probe tester, modified for use with the interconnect 10. Wafer probe handlers and associated test equipment are commercially available from Electroglass, Advantest, Teradyne, Megatest, Hewlett-Packard and others. In this system 60W, the interconnect 10 takes the place of a conventional probe card. The test circuitry 28 is adapted to apply test signals to the integrated circuits on the components 18 and to analyze the resultant signals. Test circuitry 28 is commercially available from the above manufacturers as well as others.
The interconnect 10 includes the contacts 14, which as previously described, are configured to make temporary electrical connections with the component contacts 22 on the wafer 16 for applying test signals to the components 18. Alternately, the interconnect 10 can include any of the previously described interconnect contacts 14A, 14B, 14C, 14D, 14E, 14F, 14G, 14H, 141, 14J, 14K, 14L, 14M, 14N or 14O.
The interconnect 10 is mounted on a compressible member 64 to a rigid base 66. The compressible member 64 can comprise a compressible, elastomeric material, such as rubber, silicone, polyimide or epoxy. The compressible member allows the spring segments 34 of the interconnect contacts 14 to flex, as indicated by the double headed arrow 80 (
As another alternative the compressible member 64 can be eliminated and the interconnect 10 mounted to the base 66 such that the spring segments 34 are free to flex without interference. For example the interconnect 10 could be mounted to a peripheral spacer attached to the base 66.
The testing apparatus 62 also includes a wafer chuck 76 configured to support and move the wafer 16 in X, Y and z directions as required, such that the interconnect contacts 14 align with, and make physical and electrical contact with all of the component contacts 22 on the wafer 16 at the same time. Test signals can then be selectively applied and electronically switched as required, to selected components 18 and component contacts 22. Alternately, the wafer chuck 76 can be used to step the wafer 16, so that the components 18 can be tested in selected groups, or one at a time.
The base 66 can comprise ceramic, plastic, or a glass filled resin. As shown in
As also shown in
The spring loaded electrical connectors 82 can be formed in a variety of configurations. One suitable configuration is known as a “POGO PIN” connector. This type of electrical connector includes a spring loaded pin adapted to contact and press against a flat surface to form an electrical connection. Pogo pin connectors are manufactured by Pogo Instruments, Inc., Kansas City, Kans. The spring loaded electrical connectors 82 can also comprise wires, pins or cables formed as spring segments or other resilient members.
The spring loaded electrical connectors 82 are configured to electrically contact the land pads 74 on the base 66. This arrangement provides separate electrical paths from the test circuitry 28, through the spring loaded electrical connectors 82, through the land pads 74, through the conductors 72, through the bond pads 68, through the wires 70, through the edge contacts 24, through the conductors 26, and through the contacts 14 to the component contacts 22. During a test procedure, test signals can be applied to the integrated circuits on the components 18 using these separate electrical paths. Other mounting arrangements for the interconnect 10 are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,275,052 B1 to Hembree et al., which is incorporated herein by reference.
The interconnect 10D includes a pattern of interconnect contacts 14P configured to electrically engage bumped component contacts 22B (
Each interconnect contact 14P includes a plated recess 52P (
The test carrier 86 includes four of the die level interconnects 10D, each of which is configured to electrically engage a component 18. Specifically, the interconnects 10D include interconnect contacts 14P, as previously described, configured to make temporary electrical connections with the bumped component contacts 22B on the components 18. The interconnects 10D also include terminal contacts 84P configured to electrically engage mating electrical connectors (not shown) on a test apparatus 90 (
The test apparatus 90 includes, or is in electrical communication with test circuitry 92 (
The test carrier 86 also includes a force applying mechanism 88 configured to bias the components 18 against the interconnects 10D, and an alignment member 94 configured to align the bumped component contacts 22B on the components 18, to the interconnect contacts 14P on the interconnects 10D. The alignment member 94 includes openings 96 configured to contact the peripheral edges of the components 18 to guide the components 18 onto the contacts 14P. The alignment member 94 can be constructed, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,559,444, to Farnworth et al. which is incorporated herein by reference. Alternately, the alignment member 94 can be eliminated and optical alignment techniques can be employed to align the components 18.
As shown in
Thus the invention provides an improved interconnect for semiconductor components, test systems incorporating the interconnect, a test method using the interconnect, and methods for fabricating the interconnect. While the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, certain changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.||324/755.05, 324/756.05|
|Clasificación internacional||G01R1/073, G01R31/26, G01R1/04, G01R31/02|
|Clasificación cooperativa||Y10T29/49147, G01R1/0483, Y10T29/49149, Y10T29/49151, G01R1/06711, Y10T29/49117, G01R1/07314|
|Clasificación europea||G01R1/067C, G01R1/04S3U, G01R1/073B2|
|6 Mar 2003||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC., IDAHO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KIRBY, KYLE K.;REEL/FRAME:013849/0080
Effective date: 20030221
|7 Mar 2006||CC||Certificate of correction|
|3 Jun 2009||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|16 Ago 2013||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|3 Ene 2014||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|25 Feb 2014||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20140103