Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that affects the large intestine (colon). Symptoms are caused by changes in how the GI tract works. IBS is a group of symptoms that occur together, not a disease. It usually causes cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and diarrhea
. IBS does not cause lasting damage to your colon. In many cases, symptoms of IBS can be controlled by managing diet, lifestyle and stress.
Picture 1 - The gastrointestinal system inside the body.
Triggers that Affect IBS
IBS can be triggered by responses to certain foods, medicines or emotions. Many people with IBS notice symptoms after eating a particular food. Symptoms of IBS may be worse or more frequent during stressful events or changes in routine. Stress may make symptoms worse but does not cause them. Many women find that signs and symptoms are worse during or around their menstrual period.
Symptoms of IBS
Signs and symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome include:
How IBS Is Diagnosed
First, a doctor will take a complete medical history. This will include questions about symptoms, family history of GI disorders, recent infections, medications or stressful events related to the onset of symptoms. Then the doctor will do a physical exam. IBS is often diagnosed based on symptoms. An IBS diagnosis requires that symptoms started at least 6 months ago and occurred at least 3 times a month for the past 3 months. Depending on age, symptoms and general health, some patients may require other testing or procedures to rule out the possibility of other medical conditions. The healthcare provider may perform a blood test to screen for other problems. The results of the blood test will determine if further testing is needed.
How IBS Is Treated
Because it is not clear what causes IBS, treatment focuses on the relief of symptoms. Symptoms can be treated with a combination of:
Dietary changes. No specific diet can be recommended for IBS because the condition differs from one person to another. The following changes may help:
Avoid food and drinks that stimulate the intestines (such as caffeine, tea, fruit juice, soda, and drinks made with sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, xylitol, and mannitol)
Eat smaller meals
Avoid foods high in fat
Avoid some dairy products such as “regular” milk or yogurt (choose lactose-free milk or yogurt instead)
Avoid food that may cause gas, such as beans and cabbage
Increase fiber in the diet slowly (this may improve constipation, but can sometimes make bloating worse)
If none of the above dietary changes improves IBS symptoms, your practitioner may recommend meeting with a Registered Dietitian to review the Low FODMAP diet.
Medicine may be prescribed by the doctor to treat specific symptoms of IBS based on the severity of the symptoms. No one medicine works for everyone.
Regular exercise and improved sleep habits may reduce anxiety and help relieve the bowel symptoms.
Psychological therapy may help by teaching ways of coping with stress. Medicines for anxiety may also help to decrease symptoms.
Follow-up appointments with your doctor may be scheduled to help monitor your progress.
If you have any questions, be sure to ask your doctor or nurse.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (PDF)
HH-I-181 6/94 Revised 8/14 Copyright 1994, Nationwide Children's Hospital