"Going up." The honor of being called to recite the blessings before and after the Torah reading. Also refers to immigration to Israel, to "make aliyah" to Israel; plural: aliyot. Lit. "Ascent."
The central section of prayers in every service. Also known as the T'filah (prayer) or the Sh'moneh Esreih (18), this compilation of prayers differs from service to service. The daily version inlcudes a number of petitionary prayers, which are not inlcuded on Shabbat.
"Separation." Havdalah is the service on Saturday night that separates the Sabbath from the beginning of the new week. The ritual uses wine, spices, and candles to activate the senses as the n'shamah y'teirah (the additional soul believed to have entered the community on the eve of Shabbat to give the Jewish community a foretaste of the world to come) leaves the body weakened after Shabbat.
"Sanctification;" blessing recited or chanted over wine (or grape juice), emphasizing the holiness of Shabbat and festivals.
Evening prayer service. Prayed every day, though the content is different on weekdays, Shabbat, and Festivals.
Seven- or nine-branched candelabra; commonly refers to the nine-branched Hanukkah lamp; plural: menorot.
Afternoon prayer service. Prayed every day, though the content is different on weekdays, Shabbat, and Festivals.
The "joy" of Shabbat—refers to refreshments after Shabbat services.