Intellectual Property Arrangements
Terms of reference
I, Joseph Benedict Hockey, Treasurer, pursuant to Parts 2 and 3 of the Productivity Commission Act 1998, hereby request that the Productivity Commission undertake an inquiry into Australia's intellectual property arrangements, including their effect on investment, competition, trade, innovation and consumer welfare.
Australia provides statutory protection for intellectual property through patents, trade marks, geographical indications, registered designs, plant breeders' rights, copyright, moral rights, performers' rights and circuit layout rights. Current laws are consistent with treaties under the auspices of the World Trade Organization, the World Intellectual Property Organization and the World Health Organization to which Australia has acceded, as well as bilateral and regional trade agreements.
The global economy and technology are changing and there have been increases in the scope and duration of intellectual property protection. The Australian Government seeks to ensure that the appropriate balance exists between incentives for innovation and investment and the interests of both individuals and businesses, including small businesses, in accessing ideas and products.
Scope of the inquiry
The Australian Government wishes to ensure that the intellectual property system provides appropriate incentives for innovation, investment and the production of creative works while ensuring it does not unreasonably impede further innovation, competition, investment and access to goods and services.
In undertaking the inquiry, the Commission should:
- examine the effect of the scope and duration of protection afforded by Australia's intellectual property system on:
- research and innovation, including freedom to build on existing innovation
- access to and cost of goods and services
- competition, trade and investment.
- recommend changes to the current system that would improve the overall wellbeing of Australian society, which take account of Australia's international trade obligations, including changes that would:
- encourage creativity, investment and new innovation by individuals, businesses and through collaboration while not unduly restricting access to technologies and creative works
- allow access to an increased range of quality and value goods and services
- provide greater certainty to individuals and businesses as to whether they are likely to infringe the intellectual property rights of others
- reduce the compliance and administrative costs associated with intellectual property rules.
- in undertaking the inquiry and proposing changes, the Commission is to have regard to:
- Australia's international arrangements, including obligations accepted under bilateral, multilateral and regional trade agreements to which Australia is a party
- the IP arrangements of Australia's top intellectual property trading partners and the experiences of these and other advanced economies in reforming their IP systems to ensure those systems meet the needs of the modern economy
- the relative contribution of imported and domestically produced intellectual property to the Australian economy, for example to Australia's terms of trade and other economic impacts of IP protection, including on inward investment
- the Government's desire to retain appropriate incentives for innovation and investment, including innovation that builds on existing work, and production of creative works
- the economy-wide and distributional consequences of recommendations on changes to the existing intellectual property system, including on trade and competition
- ensuring the intellectual property system will be efficient, effective and robust through time, in light of economic and technological changes
- how proposed changes fit with, or may require changes to, other existing regulation or forms of assistance (such as research subsidies) currently providing incentives for the development of intellectual property
- the findings and recommendations of the Harper Competition Policy Review in the context of the Australian Government's response, including recommendations related to parallel import restrictions in the Copyright Act 1968 and the parallel importation defence under the Trade Marks Act 1995
- the findings and recommendations of the Advisory Council on Intellectual Property's Review of the Innovation Patent System the Senate Economics References Committee's inquiry into Australia's innovation system the Australian Law Reform Commission's Copyright and the Digital Economy report.
The Commission is to undertake an appropriate public consultation process, inviting public submissions and releasing a draft report to the public.
The Final report is to be provided to the Government within 12 months of receipt of this Terms of Reference.
J B Hockey
[Received 18 August 2015]