The two sets of tissue that cover the vulva are
inner set: labia minora & external set: labia majora and mons pubis
Which structure connects the internal and external structures of the female reproductive system?
Three layers of uterus:
parametrium=connective tissue myometrium=smooth muscle. endometrium=hormonally responsive inner epithelial layer. Shed during menstruation.
The finger like projections that move in a wavelike pattern to draw the egg after its released are called .
The four hormones that control mammary glands :
1. estrogen 2. progesterone 3. prolactin 4. oxytocin
a hormone that is essential to the menstrual cycle/contributes to development of secondary sex characteristics-breasts, a widened pelvis, increased body fat in the buttock, thigh and hip region, less facial hair and smoother skin then men/ regulates menstrual cycle and prepares the uterus for pregnancy by enriching and thickening the endometrium
a hormone which helps to regulate the menstrual cycle/ produced just before ovulation to enhance the possibility of becoming pregnant by increasing body temperature, creating more vaginal mucus, and makes the uterus muscles less likely to contract
hormone produced by the pituitary gland/ sometimes known as luteotropic hormone (LTH)/ "lactin" related to the Latin root for "milk"/key roles in the body is as a stimulus to produce milk
hormone composed of nine amino acids/ produced primarily in the hypothalamus/acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain/ produced in nerve cells/ plays a major role in female reproduction/ first it's released into the bloodstream as a result of increased uterine, cervical, and vaginal stimulation during childbirth/ promotes contractions of the smooth muscle tissue of the uterus during and after labor/breastfeeding also promotes the release of oxytocin.
The shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium) when the body rids its self of a thickened endometrial wall.
proliferative phase because a hormone causes the lining of the uterus to grow, or proliferate, during this time: hormones mature a graafian follicle in an ovary, follicle stimulates growth of endometrium, follicle ripens, bulges out from ovary wall, enlarging until to bursts and lets ovum out in abdominal cavity
secretory phase; progesterone causes growth of endometrium; without a pregnancy, endometrium breaks down, menstruation begins; with a pregnancy, progesterone is secreted until placenta is established
discharge of necrotic endometrial tissue, mucus, and blood from endometrial engorgement
List factors that your patient should be informed of before choosing a type of contraceptive
risks, side effects, cost, failure rate, convenience, benefits
A woman that has not had a period in 35 days to 6 months--abnormally light or infrequent menstruation
What are the symptoms of a yeast infection?
vulvovaginal itching; dry, bright red vaginal tissue; odorless, cottage cheese like vaginal discharge
Can a yeast infection be spread sexually?
A yeast infection not considered to be a sexually transmitted diseases (STD). It is possible for a candida (yeast) infection to be transmitted during sex.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
inflammation of the female pelvic organs (especially the Fallopian tubes) caused by infection by any of several microorganisms (chiefly gonococci and chlamydia)
causes of PID
50-60% related to Chlamydia and gonorrhea infections. Other causes: IUD, pelvic surgery, infection during pregnancy and delivery, abortion procedures.
symptoms of PID
most common is abdominal pain, may also have fever, unusual vaginal discharge with foul odor, painful intercourse, painful urination, irregular menstrual bleeding
fibrocystic breast disease.
single or multiple fluid-filled cysts that are palpable in the breasts, and that fluctuate in size with the menstrual period, becoming tender just before menstruation
condition in which the uterus slides from its normal position in the pelvic cavity and sags into the vagina
develops during pregnancy; will have normal glucose levels within 6 weeks post partum; risk for developing type II diabetes in 5 to 10 years is increased; treated with nutritional therapy and then insulin therapy if that is not sufficient
fertility problems in women
causes include STD, congenital abnormalities of the reproductive organs, endometriosis
menopause occurs when
usually occurs between age 45 & 55 but could occur as early as 30 and as late as 60+.
symptoms of menopause
concentration problems, mood swings, migraines, hot flashes, night sweats, depression, fatigue, weight gain, nervousness, insomnia, osteoporosis