In Good to Great Why Some Companies Make the Leap… and Others Don’t, Jim Collins writes that great organizations work to both preserve their core values and principles and then stimulate progress by adapting as needed over time (this book, written in 2001, still ranks in the top 200 books on Amazon). As with many things—easy to say, hard to do.
The Agile Manifesto was carefully worded to promote adaptability—to steer people away from rigid interpretations of the principles. Take the delivery principle for example, “Deliver working software frequently, from a couple of weeks to a couple of months, with a preference to the shorter timescale.” It would have been much easier to write this principle as “Deliver working software every two weeks,” but that wording would lead people to rigidity (they get there on their own anyway).
Furthermore, what happens in too many organizations is that practices become static and then quietly elevated to the level of principle—something that can’t be violated. A good practice, “daily standups,” becomes bureaucratic when it is interpreted as “You must do daily standups, or else!” When questioned, the proponents of this newly crowned principle usually respond with “well, Joe Jones who wrote the book on Agile says so on page 48.” They lose track of why they are using the practice and it becomes a de facto standard rather than a guideline.
What happens is that slowly and surely, good practices become bad principles, or pseudo-principles, and comments like “you can’t do that because it’s against our company or team’s principles” become more frequent. Principles and values are a critical part of keeping individuals in organizations aligned and engaged, but the more pseudo-principles are piled on top of principles, the less and less organizations are able to adapt. This plethora of principles becomes barriers to change and adaptation. It’s often difficult to get rid of these pseudo-principles because some group within an organization feels strongly about them. Pseudo-principles sound reasonable on the surface, but the numbers of them become unwieldy. A couple may actually be ok, but dozens lead to problems.
Unfortunately, most pseudo-principles are not as easy to identify as the standup example above. And even good principles can be mis-applied. I once knew a team lead who was verbally belligerent to team members. His response to complaints was, “One of our team values is open and honest communications. I’m just being open and honest.” He had to be removed from the team.
Principles are invaluable to teams and organizations. One of the reasons the Agile movement has been so successful, over more than 10 years, has been its foundational principles expressed in the Agile Manifesto. However, principles can be abused and the rise of pseudo-principles leads to Agile bureaucracy that reduces the very adaptability and flexibility that the Agile movement was all about in the first place.