|Publication number||US6975230 B1|
|Application number||US 10/048,204|
|Publication date||Dec 13, 2005|
|Filing date||Jul 29, 1999|
|Priority date||Jul 29, 1999|
|Also published as||WO2001008556A1|
|Publication number||048204, 10048204, PCT/1999/489, PCT/NL/1999/000489, PCT/NL/1999/00489, PCT/NL/99/000489, PCT/NL/99/00489, PCT/NL1999/000489, PCT/NL1999/00489, PCT/NL1999000489, PCT/NL199900489, PCT/NL99/000489, PCT/NL99/00489, PCT/NL99000489, PCT/NL9900489, US 6975230 B1, US 6975230B1, US-B1-6975230, US6975230 B1, US6975230B1|
|Inventors||Arend Jan Brilman|
|Original Assignee||Arend Jan Brilman|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (43), Classifications (15), Legal Events (6)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application is the U.S. National Phase of International Application Number PCT/NL99/00489, filed Jul. 29, 1999, which is incorporated herein by reference.
This invention relates to a method for registering movement patterns of human beings.
In the care of human beings, in particular relatively young children, such as babies, and patients, for instance, in a hospital, it is of great importance that it can be determined if the individual in question has a correct posture and movement pattern during a particular period of care, so as to prevent, for instance, suffocation or decubitus ulcers. For this purpose, it is conventional to perform visual checks, for instance by walking past the crib or bed, or through video monitoring. This is particularly costly and labor-intensive and moreover may have as a consequence that the individual in question is disturbed while resting. It further requires a physical presence of the attending person and entails a relatively high physical and mental pressure on that person.
In patient monitoring, for monitoring vital body functions such as heart rate and respiration, use is further made of monitoring systems connected directly to the patient, such as respiration equipment or ECG devices. This has as an important disadvantage that such devices entail a great physical and mental pressure on the patient, while moreover such devices are to be connected via cables and tubes, which may entail risks for individuals.
The above-described methods for monitoring an individual further have as an important disadvantage that in each case only the instantaneous situation of the individual in question is checked. This means that decisions will be made merely on the basis of instantaneous data. This increases the risk of wrong decisions, while further there is a risk that between the checks, dangerous, at any rate undesirable, situations arise, which, for instance, have not been anticipated.
From WO 99 04691 A an apparatus and a method is known for monitoring the respiration and movements of an infant to prevent for instance sudden infant death syndrome. To that end the lying position of the infant, that is face down or face up, is detected and compared to a pre-stored threshold value. An alarm may be generated when the threshold value is exceeded. The position is detected by means of a sensor which consists of two parts, a RF generator which is attached to the back of the infant, for instance to its clothing, and a receiving means, which must be mounted in the vicinity of the infant, for instance above its bed. Thus when the infant is lying at his back the signal received by the receiving means will be weaker than when the infant is lying face down.
The object of the invention is to provide a method of the kind described in the introductory part, in which the above-mentioned disadvantages are obviated, while the advantages are maintained. To that end, a method according to the invention is characterized by the features according to claim 1.
In a method according to the invention, a sensor part is attached to a part of the body of the individual. This sensor part comprises at least one movement sensor with which movements of the part of the body in question, and optionally of the entire individual, can be registered. With the aid of transmitting means included in the sensor part, the information derived from the at least one movement sensor can be wirelessly transferred to a receiver. The movement information is recorded over time and is used as a basis for determining the safety and health situation of the individual in question.
By making use of wireless information transfer, the individual is not hampered, or is hampered to a very minor extent only, by the sensor part, while complete freedom of movement is afforded. Recording the movement history here provides the advantage that on the basis of pattern recognition and/or changes in the pattern in question or, conversely, the absence of such changes, it can be determined whether the individual in question is disposed in a desired position.
In particular in the case or relatively young children, for instance between 0 and 48 months of age, it is of particular importance that the so-called belly position can be registered, since the belly position is generally regarded as an important cause of death for such relatively young children. In a general sense, this is considered to fall within the term of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome or crib death. Without being bound by any theory or limitation, crib death is hereby described as a cause of death in infants and babies, for which (also, in most cases, after autopsy) no directly identifiable medical cause can be established. It basically involves unexpected death of such a young child in crib, bed or the like.
Two important risk factors that can lead to crib death are belly position and side position. Belly position is herein to be understood as at least comprising a position of the child lying on its belly, such that the face at the same time presses into, for instance, the pillow or mattress. Side position is herein to be understood to comprise at least a position in which the child lies on its side, such that an increased risk exists that the child's face is pressed into, for instance, a pillow, mattress or blanket. It will be clear that a risk factor thereby determined for the child is that suffocation occurs or breathing is rendered more difficult, so that death may occur.
Utilizing a method according to the present invention in such young children provides the advantage that the sensor part can be simply attached to the child, for instance to clothing, diaper, wrist or the like, while the receiver can be arranged remotely from the child, for instance adjacent a care giver. On the basis of posture and movement, viewed over time, a signal can then be continuously, periodically or incidentally transmitted to the receiver by the sensor part, depending, for instance, on any deviations from a desired pattern, such that the care givers can be informed remotely from the child. As a consequence, the physical and mental pressure on the care givers is reduced and during a check the child's rest is not disturbed. As a receiver, for instance a specific base station can be utilized, but, for instance, a baby alarm or a telephone may also be used.
In a comparable manner, a method according to the invention can be utilized, for instance, in patients in a hospital, in particular in so-called intensive care units. An additional advantage achieved with a method according to the invention is that the movement history of the individual is recorded, which, if desired, may subsequently be made available for investigation.
A further advantage of a method according to the present invention is that a relatively large number of individuals can be monitored by a limited number of care givers, more specifically by just one care giver.
In an advantageous embodiment, a method according to the invention is characterized by the features according to claim 3.
Using predetermined and set movement patterns, threshold values and the like, the advantage is achieved that simple comparisons between existing and desired conditions can be made and on the basis thereof alert signals can be produced.
The invention further relates to an apparatus for registering a movement pattern of at least one part of the body of an individual, characterized by the features according to claim 5.
With such an apparatus, a method according to the invention can be practiced in a particularly advantageous manner.
In a first advantageous embodiment, an apparatus according to the invention is characterized by the features according to claim 6.
In this embodiment, in a simple and suitable manner, use can be made of a known baby alarm set, for instance a baby alarm set operating off the mains, or a baby alarm set operating on the basis of radio signals. A signal produced by the sensor part can be received by the first baby alarm of the baby alarm set, arranged adjacent the sensor part, and be transmitted to at least a second baby alarm of the same baby alarm set in another room. Such an embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention is relatively inexpensive and simple in use.
In a further elaboration, an apparatus according to the invention is characterized by the features according to claim 7.
The use of an algorithm for comparing the registered movement pattern with predetermined allowable and/or non-allowable movement patterns provides the advantage that a comparison between them is possible in a particular simple and uniform manner. Thus, in a particularly accurate manner, the signaling of situations which may or may not be deviant can occur.
In further elaboration, an apparatus according to the invention is characterized by the features according to claim 8.
The use of memory means provides the advantage that the registered movement history of the individual in question can be stored for a particular time, such that it can be used, for instance, for investigation or prediction.
In a preferred embodiment, an apparatus according to the invention is characterized by the features according to claim 11.
The use of clamping means provides the advantage that the sensor part can be secured relatively easily to, for instance, the individual's clothing, while a smooth relatively flat housing provides the advantage that damage to the individual and the environment is simply prevented, while the individual is not hampered by the housing. Moreover, as a consequence, the chances that the sensor part is unintentionally displaced from its fitted position are considerably reduced. Further, the clamping means have the advantage that the sensor part can be easily stored, for instance by clamping it onto the rim of the crib or bed.
In a still further elaboration, an apparatus according to the invention is characterized by the features according to claim 12.
The use of means for picking up audio signals, such as for instance breathing, heartbeat and the like, provides the advantage that a further monitoring by the care givers is possible, independently of, or in conjunction with, the movement history. In such an embodiment, the apparatus can further function as baby alarm or intercom.
The invention further relates to the use of a movement sensor and transmitting and receiving means for preventing suffocation of human beings, in particular relatively young children, characterized by the features according to claim 14.
Further embodiments of a method and apparatus according to the invention are set forth in the subclaims.
To clarify the invention, a number of exemplary embodiments of a method and apparatus according to the invention will be described with reference to the drawings, wherein:
In the drawings, comparable parts have comparable reference numerals.
The sensor part 1 comprises a central control unit 6, for instance a microchip, supplied by a supply 7, for instance a coin cell or like battery. A sensor unit 8, arranged for registering position and movement of the sensor part 1 is connected with the central control unit 6. The sensor unit 8 will be further elucidated hereinafter.
Further connected to the central control unit 6 is a transmitting unit 9, which, if desired, may further function as receiver, equipped with an antenna 10. Further connected to the central control unit are audio means 11 and visual means 12. The audio means can comprise, for instance, a bleeper or a loudspeaker or like means, as well as, if desired, a microphone. The visual means 12 can comprise, for instance, one or more LEDs or an LCD screen or like display means. An operating means 13 is provided for, for instance, switching the apparatus, in particular the sensor part 1, on and off, resetting same, and the like, as well as inputting and setting parameters, sensitivities and the like.
The base station 20 comprises a central control unit 21, which is connected with memory means 22 for storing data which have been received from the sensor part 1 and optionally have been processed by the central control unit 21. In addition, again visual 23 and auditory means 24 are connected with the central control unit 21, for producing audiovisual signals on the basis of the processed data. This is to be further discussed hereinafter. The central control unit 21 further comprises transmitting and/or receiving means 25, connected to an antenna 26 for receiving signals emitted by the transmission unit 9 of the sensor part 1 and/or transmitting signals to the sensor part 1. Further, operating means 27 are provided, for instance for switching the receiver 20 on and off, resetting same, and optionally inputting data, as with operating means 13.
An apparatus according to the invention can be used as follows.
Into the central control unit 21 of the receiver 20, for instance by software with the aid of a computer 28 or by hardware, an algorithm is inputted in a suitable manner, for picking up, processing and delivering signals, on the one hand from and to the transmitting and receiving device 25 and, on the other hand, from and to the memory means 22 and the audiovisual means 23, 24. Further, in the central control unit, allowable and/or unallowable movement patterns can be recorded, depending on the application of the apparatus, which can preferably be set and adjusted by the users.
The sensor part 1 is secured with the aid of the clamping means 6 to, for instance, the diaper of a baby (not shown), after which the sensor unit is switched on and reset using the operating means 13. Further, the receiver unit 20 is switched on. During the use of the apparatus, movements of the child in question and/or the absence thereof are registered by the sensor unit 8 and transmitted to the central control unit 6, which processes these signals and leads them further, on the one hand to the audio means 11 and/or the visual means 12 and, on the other hand, to the transmitting means 9, so that the information picked up by the sensor unit 8 is wirelessly transferred to the receiver 20, where the information is processed further in the central control unit 21. This further processing comprises, for instance, a comparison with the priorly inputted allowable and/or unallowable movement patterns. On the basis of this comparison, it is determined by the central control unit whether the baby is safe or that it is plausible that the care giver should intervene. Thus, the sensor unit can determine, for instance, positions such as supine position, belly position and side position, as well as the baby's motional activity. This additionally provides the advantage that the care giver can remotely monitor excessive movement of the child when it makes no sound, for instance when it has cramps or the like. Optionally, a signal can be transmitted from the receiver 20 back to the sensor part 1 for generating a visual or audio signal there, to alert the child. For this purpose, also movement means, for instance a vibrator, could be used.
It will be clear that processing the signals, as well as storing the movement history, can occur both in the sensor part and in the receiver. Recording the movement history has as an advantage that the condition of the individual, in particular the child, can be observed over a long time, so that a better prediction can be made about the position and condition of the child without the child needing to be approached for that purpose, while, further, changes in the condition may possibly be anticipated. Transfer of signals can occur continuously, semicontinuously, periodically or incidentally. In the same way, the information can be reproduced via the visual and/or auditory means on the receiver 20.
As appears from
In an alternative embodiment, the receiver 20 is designed as, for instance, a clip or semaphone-like device, which a care giver can carry with him for maintaining contact with the child.
In a further alternative embodiment, the audio means 11 are arranged for use as both loudspeaker and microphone. This provides the advantage that in addition to the movement registration, audio signals can be recorded as well, for instance the child's breathing, its heartbeat, its crying and talking. In this way, a still better monitoring of the child can be obtained. Moreover, this enables communication with the child even better.
It will be clear that references in the foregoing to babies and children may be understood to include human beings in other age groups, for instance patients in a hospital, in particular in an intensive care unit, where continuous monitoring is desirable or necessary.
Depending on the age and the character of the individual in whom the apparatus is used, the sensitivity of the apparatus, as well as the inputted allowable and/or unallowable movement patterns can be adjusted, since in different categories of people different movement patterns and postures will be allowable, or not, for different periods of time.
A sensor unit 8 according to the invention can contain different sensors known per se for registering movements. A number of these will be non-limitatively enumerated and described.
It will be clear that instead of the opening, a reflective element can be used, while reflected light is detected by a suitable sensor. It is also possible to provide different openings or reflectors along the circumference of the disc 149, so that different positions of the disc 149 can be separately detected to enable even better determination of the movement pattern. These and similar variants will readily occur to those skilled in the art.
In the case of a sensor as shown in
Further, other kinds of sensors can be utilized, such as, for instance, sensors of the unidirectional or omnidirectional switch type. Such a sensor comprises, for instance, an electrically conductive sphere, for instance solid or of mercury, received in a closed housing, which sphere, depending on the position of the switch, can make contact with two or more contacts included in the housing. Thus, positions and movements such as accelerations can be simply indicated. The housing may allow movements of the sphere in one or more directions. It is noted that the housing may then also function as one of the contacts.
Furthermore, traditional mercury switches or the like can be used, while the mercury, of course, may be replaced with a different suitable material.
It will be clear that also of the sensors 140, 240 shown in
For the processing of the signals in one of the central control units 6, 21, preferably use is made of an algorithm that is based on fuzzy logic, preferably of the self-learning type. Preferably, the various components of the sensor part as well as of the receiver are integrated into a microprocessor, yielding a relatively simple, robust and advantageous embodiment. Of course, discrete electronic components can be used as well.
Of course, it is also possible to build up algorithms differently, for instance as purely logic software.
The information transfer to the care giver can be provided for directly from the sensor part 1, for instance by audio or visual signals, but the information is preferably transferred from the receiver, or, for instance, a telephone apparatus 30. The user can set threshold values, while subsequently, when these are exceeded, for instance an alarm signal is produced. As described above, the threshold value can be selected, for instance, on the basis of the individual to be taken care of, age and the like. Further, threshold values or like pre-settings can be selected on the basis of the positions to be detected, for instance the belly position, supine position, side position, motional activity, and the like. The signals to be produced can be alarm signals as well as information signals of a different kind, for instance signals whose brightness, frequency or the like is made dependent on the extent of motional activity or the extent of change. These and many other variations are considered to be readily clear to those skilled in the art.
If the sensor part 1 is equipped with a microphone, as described earlier, the sensor part can also be attached near the individual, for instance a child, to a bed or crib or the like, while the apparatus can then function as baby alarm or intercom. Here, no use is made, at least not necessarily so, of the movement sensor present. The receiver may further comprise means for sending a check signal to the sensor part to verify whether the sensor part 1 is switched on and whether it is capable of communication, while the clip may, for instance, be so designed that when it is not clamped onto an article of clothing, a part of the clip and a part of the housing make contact and close a circuit, so that an alert signal is generated, indicating that the sensor part 1 has become detached and so does not function in the desired manner anymore. This increases safety still further.
The invention is not in any way limited to the exemplary embodiments represented in the description and drawings. Many variations thereof are possible.
Thus, a plurality of sensor parts 1 can be used with a receiver 20, while the different sensor parts 1 can have different communication frequencies, for distinction purposes. Further, instead of radio signals, light signals, audio signals and the like can be utilized for communication between a sensor part 1 and a receiver 20. Furthermore, between the sensor part 1 and the receiver 20, intermediate means may be arranged, for instance on the rim of a crib or bed, for amplifying and retransmitting relatively weak signals generated by the sensor part 1, which may be advantageous, for instance, when the sensor part 1 is wholly or partly screened off by the individual or by artifacts. Furthermore, a sensor part 1 according to the invention can naturally have all kinds of embodiments, while all kinds of fasteners can be used, for instance Velcro, clamping means, insertion means, adhesives and like fastening techniques known per se. Also, as energy supply for the sensor part, other means may be provided, and the apparatus may also be utilized for ambulant persons.
These and many comparable variations are understood to fall within the scope of the invention.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US5295490 *||Jan 21, 1993||Mar 22, 1994||Dodakian Wayne S||Self-contained apnea monitor|
|US5479932 *||Aug 16, 1993||Jan 2, 1996||Higgins; Joseph||Infant health monitoring system|
|US5749365 *||Nov 9, 1992||May 12, 1998||Magill; Alan||Health monitoring|
|US5774055 *||Jun 9, 1997||Jun 30, 1998||Pomerantz; David||Infant monitoring device|
|US6011477 *||Jul 21, 1998||Jan 4, 2000||Sensitive Technologies, Llc||Respiration and movement monitoring system|
|DE4227483C1||Aug 20, 1992||Nov 25, 1993||Imf Electronic Gmbh||Motor parameter detector with sensors and data memory for animals and humans - has body position and motion sensors with sensor pulse width discriminators and logic circuit connected to balancing data memories|
|EP0849715A2||Nov 28, 1997||Jun 24, 1998||GGT Gesellschaft für Gerontotechnik mbH||Method and apparatus for detecting the fall of a sick person|
|WO1998034577A1||Feb 6, 1998||Aug 13, 1998||Herbert Lewin||Method and apparatus for supervision of health parameters|
|WO1999004691A1||Jul 21, 1998||Feb 4, 1999||Sensitive Technologies, Llc||Respiration and movement monitoring system|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US7321315 *||Dec 29, 2003||Jan 22, 2008||Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.||System and method for identifying disposable absorbent products|
|US7538659 *||Jun 26, 2007||May 26, 2009||Hill-Rom Services, Inc.||Bed status information system for hospital beds|
|US7733233||Oct 24, 2006||Jun 8, 2010||Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.||Methods and systems for monitoring position and movement of human beings|
|US7761310||Dec 7, 2006||Jul 20, 2010||Samarion, Inc.||Methods and systems for monitoring quality and performance at a healthcare facility|
|US7786874||Dec 7, 2006||Aug 31, 2010||Samarion, Inc.||Methods for refining patient, staff and visitor profiles used in monitoring quality and performance at a healthcare facility|
|US7800505 *||Feb 2, 2006||Sep 21, 2010||Pietersen Johannes De Klerk||Device for monitoring the condition of a human being|
|US7911348||Jul 17, 2007||Mar 22, 2011||Bee Cave, LLC.||Methods for refining patient, staff and visitor profiles used in monitoring quality and performance at a healthcare facility|
|US7987069||Nov 11, 2008||Jul 26, 2011||Bee Cave, Llc||Monitoring patient support exiting and initiating response|
|US8395510||Oct 13, 2009||Mar 12, 2013||Tammy Lynn Kirk||Kit and system for monitoring a person|
|US8461996 *||Feb 8, 2008||Jun 11, 2013||Gregory J. Gallagher||Infant monitor|
|US8620625||Jul 30, 2010||Dec 31, 2013||Hill-Rom Services, Inc.||Above bed sensor|
|US8622795||Jul 14, 2009||Jan 7, 2014||Home Box Office, Inc.||System and method for gathering and analyzing objective motion data|
|US8648726||Feb 22, 2013||Feb 11, 2014||Tammy Lynn Kirk||Kit and system for monitoring a person|
|US8864665 *||Sep 7, 2011||Oct 21, 2014||Alta Lab S.R.L.||Method and device for monitoring the risks for sudden infant death syndrome and for positional plagiocephaly|
|US8907287||Nov 29, 2011||Dec 9, 2014||Hill-Rom Services, Inc.||Patient monitoring system|
|US9120014||Dec 19, 2013||Sep 1, 2015||Home Box Office, Inc.||System and method for gathering and analyzing objective motion data|
|US9129054||Sep 19, 2013||Sep 8, 2015||DePuy Synthes Products, Inc.||Systems and methods for surgical and interventional planning, support, post-operative follow-up, and, functional recovery tracking|
|US9295390||Mar 2, 2012||Mar 29, 2016||Hill-Rom Services, Inc.||Facial recognition based monitoring systems and methods|
|US9301689 *||Dec 5, 2014||Apr 5, 2016||Hill-Rom Services, Inc.||Patient monitoring system|
|US9311804||Apr 11, 2014||Apr 12, 2016||Hill-Rom Services, Inc.||Patient-need prediction system|
|US20050148978 *||Dec 29, 2003||Jul 7, 2005||Brumm Russell J.||System and method for identifying disposable absorbent products|
|US20060199705 *||Feb 21, 2006||Sep 7, 2006||Lois Roccato||Apparatus for guiding athletic kicking|
|US20060258916 *||Feb 2, 2006||Nov 16, 2006||Pietersen Johannes D K||Device for monitoring the condition of a human being|
|US20070247310 *||Jun 26, 2007||Oct 25, 2007||Ulrich Daniel J||Bed status information system for hospital beds|
|US20070260209 *||May 3, 2007||Nov 8, 2007||Dansamar B.V.||Assembly of a diaper and a sensor|
|US20080015903 *||Jul 17, 2007||Jan 17, 2008||Valence Broadband, Inc.||Methods for refining patient, staff and visitor profiles used in monitoring quality and performance at a healthcare facility|
|US20080024311 *||Jul 27, 2007||Jan 31, 2008||Kay Mann||Infant monitoring system|
|US20080094226 *||Oct 24, 2006||Apr 24, 2008||O'shea Michael D||Methods and systems for monitoring position and movement of human beings|
|US20080150748 *||Nov 20, 2007||Jun 26, 2008||Markus Wierzoch||Audio and video playing system|
|US20090045966 *||Jul 18, 2008||Feb 19, 2009||Marko Rocznik||Clothing means having a sensor element for detecting a left position|
|US20090163778 *||Dec 28, 2006||Jun 25, 2009||Paul Richard Sommerville||Personal Warning Apparatus|
|US20090189772 *||Jul 30, 2009||Christ Randolph W||Stay-alert device|
|US20100073202 *||Sep 25, 2008||Mar 25, 2010||Mazed Mohammad A||Portable internet appliance|
|US20100144414 *||Jul 14, 2009||Jun 10, 2010||Home Box Office, Inc.||System and method for gathering and analyzing objective motion data|
|US20100201524 *||Feb 8, 2008||Aug 12, 2010||Gregory John Gallagher||Infant monitor|
|US20120083670 *||Apr 5, 2012||Giuseppe Rotondo||Method And Device For Monitoring The Risks For Sudden Infant Death Syndrom And For Positional Plagiocephaly|
|US20120154155 *||Mar 19, 2010||Jun 21, 2012||John Brasch||Personal monitoring system|
|US20130342691 *||Jul 11, 2013||Dec 26, 2013||Flir Systems, Inc.||Infant monitoring systems and methods using thermal imaging|
|US20150141838 *||Dec 5, 2014||May 21, 2015||Hill-Rom Services, Inc.||Patient monitoring system|
|CN101390135B||Dec 28, 2006||Jun 9, 2010||益智科学（香港）有限公司||Personal warning apparatus|
|EP1852067A2 *||May 3, 2007||Nov 7, 2007||Dansamar B.V.||Assembly of a diaper and a sensor|
|WO2007074345A1 *||Dec 28, 2006||Jul 5, 2007||Cradle Safe Limited||Personal warning apparatus|
|WO2009085836A2 *||Dec 17, 2008||Jul 9, 2009||Think/Thing||System and method for operating and powering an electronic device|
|U.S. Classification||340/573.1, 340/572.8, 340/573.7, 340/575|
|International Classification||G08B23/00, A61B5/113, A61B5/11, A61B5/00|
|Cooperative Classification||A61B5/6838, A61B2503/04, A61B5/113, A61B5/1116, A61B5/0002|
|European Classification||A61B5/11P, A61B5/00B|
|Jun 22, 2009||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Nov 10, 2009||SULP||Surcharge for late payment|
|Nov 10, 2009||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jul 26, 2013||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Dec 13, 2013||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Feb 4, 2014||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20131213