Large fruit trees spreading across a small yard is not the only way to cultivate your favorite fruits. Through careful scientific grafting and cultivar experimentation, different fruit trees have several maximum sizes for almost any gardening location, from planting on extensive acreage to a simple container garden. Dwarf and miniature fruit trees are often referred to as the same cultivar, but there are several key differences.
The main difference between dwarf and miniature fruit trees is their height. A dwarf fruit tree grows between 8 and 10 feet tall, while a miniature tree has an even smaller growth range of 6 to 8 feet. In comparison, a standard fruit tree often grows taller than 20 feet. Typically, you choose the fruit tree size that works best for your needs and planting location. For example, a fruit tree meant for an indoor location in a container should be a miniature type so that it does not outgrow your ceiling height. Any outdoor locations can use both dwarf and miniature types, depending on your landscaping design.
Controlling the ultimate size of each fruit tree type is the rootstock. Fruit tree cultivars are commonly attached, or grafted, onto a root end. As the tree grows, the rootstock hinders any excessive growth into a tall standard size. However, dwarf and miniature trees have different rootstocks so that they retain their individual signature size. Each fruit tree species has specific rootstocks designated for miniature or dwarf sizing, such as M9 or EMLA26. To be sure that you have purchased a true dwarf or miniature fruit tree, your nursery should have a clear notation on the tree's information sheet regarding rootstock type and size.
Although both tree sizes are relatively small, dwarf trees are notorious for requiring support. Their roots are not very flexible and may break underground with windy conditions. A trellis, or other support system, must be in place for dwarf trees so that they remain upright and stable. On the other hand, miniature trees do not require support if you plant them in a sheltered position, such as near a structure to protect them from wind.
Fruit Size and Yield
Although both tree types are significantly smaller than their standard relative, cultivating dwarf or miniature trees does not affect the fruit size. In fact, both tree types offer the same size fruit as a standard fruit tree. However, the lack of dense limbs makes the ultimate fruit yield significantly smaller on both dwarf and miniature trees. In general, a dwarf provides more fruits than a miniature. A small family may prefer the limited fruit supply so that nothing is wasted during the harvest season.
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