A: We usually think of childhood as the period of growth and development, and old age as the period of deterioration. This view is simplistic. I like to say that aging begins at conception whereas some growth and development continue into old age. The well known adage of “use it or lose it” seems to have some scientific merit. There is growing evidence at both the behavioral and neurobiological levels that an enriched /cognitively stimulating environment can benefit cognitive functioning. People who do daily crossword puzzles, read regularly, have an active social life, appear to be at a somewhat lower (although, unfortunately, not at zero) risk for dementia. So staying mentally engaged is important.
Other things that one can do include controlling cardiovascular risk factors. By controlling blood pressure, watching one’s cholesterol, etc., one can reduce the risk of “micro infarcts” (tiny unnoticed strokes that, cumulatively, may impair cognitive function) as well as major strokes. Exercise, reducing stress to the extent possible, a nutritionally balanced diet can all help with cognitive function.
Risk factors for dementia include a strong family history of Alzheimer’s disease or other dementias, untreated or poorly treated diabetes or hypertension, head injuries. In people with such risk factors, signs of progressive cognitive decline should lead to a consultation with one’s physician.
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