g is pronounced as y when followed by e, i, y, ä, or ö. So Swedish 'gäst' sounds like the first syllable in 'yesterday'. Before a, o, å, u it is pronounced hard as in English 'go'.
j is always pronounced like y, as in 'yes'.
k is pronounced somewhat, though not exactly, like sh, as in 'ship' before e, i, y, ä, ö. The actual sound is between 'sh' and the German ch in 'ich'. Try saying 'sh' withyour tongue further back and your lips rounded. Before a, o, å, u pronounced hard, as in 'kill'.
The letters q, w, z appear only in foreign words and some proper names. q is pronounced as a hard 'k', w is always pronounced as 'v', and z is always pronounced as 's'.
sch, sj, skj, stj are all pronounced (like k, see above) between sh and the German ch in 'ich', but this holds before any vowel.
sk is pronounced as the above, but only before e, i, y, ä, ö. Elsewhere pronounced as in English 'scare' and 'scout'.
tj, kj are pronounced like the English sh in 'show', so is slightly different than the above sounds. These can occur before any vowel.
ch is pronounced as the Swedish tj/kj before e, i, y, ä, ö, but pronounced as the sj/stj sound before a, o, å, u. (not common)
ng usually this is one sound (velar nasal) as in 'singer' and 'rang', as opposed to the sound in 'finger'. But when followed by a stressed syllable it has the sound of 'finger'.
rg in this combination, the g is pronounced as y.
Note: keep in mind that Swedish has two sounds similar to the one English sound 'sh'.
å Like the sound in 'home' but without the glide.
e when short, the sound in 'set'. When long like the French é and the sound in 'make' but a pure vowel not a diphthong (no glide).
ä When short, the same as short e. When long, almost as long as the sound in 'plain' and 'air', but not quite as long as long e (and again with no glide).
i when long, ee as in 'feed' and 'machine'. When short, like the sound in 'bit'
ö when short, as in German ö, say French 'peu' and 'le'. When long, a longer version of ö, like German 'schön'.
o when long, much like oo in 'food'. When short, like the oo in 'good'. Note however, that o is pronounced in many words as å (in long and short positions).
y when long, like German ü and French u as in 'début'. English speakers, round lips as if to say o but say ee. When short, it is just a more clipped version. Remember, y is always a vowel in Swedish.
u When long, a more tightly pronounced version of y. When short, a looser, less rounded sound.