A key to successfully leveraging information technology for organizational transformation is having and using an enterprise architecture—or modernization blueprint—as an authoritative frame of reference against which to assess and decide how individual system investments are defined, designed, acquired, and developed.
Experience has shown that attempting to modernize and maintain information technology environments without an architecture to guide and constrain investments results in mission operations and supporting systems that are duplicative, not well-integrated, and costly to maintain, and thus are inefficient and ineffective in achieving institutional goals and performance measures.
- Work across the federal government shows that federal agency enterprise architecture efforts can be viewed as a work in progress, with much remaining to be accomplished. Further, leadership is key in overcoming specific long-standing enterprise architecture challenges, such as receiving adequate funding and attaining sufficient senior leadership understanding.
- GAO’s Enterprise Architecture Management Maturity Framework emphasizes the need for agencies to measure and report the results and outcomes attained by their enterprise architecture programs to assist in demonstrating the value of their respective programs and identifying what, if any, enterprise architecture program changes are needed.
- While some progress has been made across the government, more time is needed for agencies to fully realize the value of having well-defined and implemented architectures. Such value can be derived from realizing cost savings through consolidation and reuse of shared services and elimination of antiquated and redundant mission operations, enhancing information sharing through data standardization and system integration, and optimizing service delivery through streamlining and normalization of business processes and mission operations.
- Knowing whether benefits and results are in fact being achieved requires having associated measures and metrics. However, while some agencies have established a method or metrics for measuring outcomes resulting from the use of their enterprise architectures (e.g., cost savings), most are still not measuring and reporting these outcomes and benefits based on established methods and metrics.
GAO-12-791: Published: Sep 26, 2012. Publicly Released: Sep 26, 2012.
GAO-11-902: Published: Sep 26, 2011. Publicly Released: Sep 26, 2011.
GAO-11-762: Published: Sep 7, 2011. Publicly Released: Sep 7, 2011.
GAO-10-846G: Published: Aug 5, 2010. Publicly Released: Aug 5, 2010.
GAO-16-350: Published: Mar 24, 2016. Publicly Released: Apr 25, 2016.
GAO-16-407T: Published: Feb 25, 2016. Publicly Released: Feb 25, 2016.
GAO-16-253: Published: Feb 11, 2016. Publicly Released: Feb 25, 2016.
GAO-16-182: Published: Dec 17, 2015. Publicly Released: Dec 17, 2015.
GAO-16-167: Published: Dec 16, 2015. Publicly Released: Dec 16, 2015.
GAO-16-131: Published: Dec 8, 2015. Publicly Released: Dec 14, 2015.
GAO-16-197T: Published: Dec 2, 2015. Publicly Released: Dec 2, 2015.
GAO-16-205T: Published: Nov 3, 2015. Publicly Released: Nov 3, 2015.
GAO-15-499: Published: Aug 6, 2015. Publicly Released: Aug 6, 2015.
GAO-15-506: Published: Jun 18, 2015. Publicly Released: Jun 18, 2015.