THE VOWEL SOUNDS : THE VOWEL SOUNDS Long A (ey) SPADE, MATE, WHALE, GALE, AVAIL
Short a (ah) SPAT, MATCH, WASP, GAS, ARK
Long E (iy) SPREE, MEAL, WEAK, GEEK, EEL
Short e (eh) SENT, MESSAGE, WRECK, GECKO, ELK
Long I (ay) SITE, MIGHTY, WIND [v], GLIDE, ALIGN
Short I (ih) SPLINT, MILK, WINK, GLINT, ALIT THE VOWEL SOUNDS : THE VOWEL SOUNDS Long O (oh) SOUL, MOAT, WON'T, GOAL, OWN
Short o (o) SONG, MORNINHG, WORE, GORE, OREO
Long U (yuw or OO) SURE, MANURE, WOO, FOOL, BEAUTIFUL
Short u (u) SUNDAY, MUST, OF, RUN, DONE THE SCHWA SOUND : THE SCHWA SOUND Words have schwa sounds if the vowels are read as “UH”
Vowel sounds not stressed, often passed over Ellision (not pronounced)
æ (a) as in FAN, HAT, APPLE
ᶕ (u & o) as in BUT, BIRD, REASON & DOCTOR, GOT, JOB
Other examples: SYRINGE, VETERINARIAN, MEDICINE, LITERAL THE CONSONANT SOUNDS : THE CONSONANT SOUNDS Voiced and Voiceless Consonants
VOICED CONSONANTS are produced by the full vibration of the vocal chords while VOICELESS CONSONANTS are produced by less vibrations of the vocal chords (duh)
VOICED CONSONANTS /o/
that, this, the, these, those, they, them, their/theirs, there, then, than, thus, though, therefore, thou, thee, thy, thine, thither, thence THE CONSONANT SOUNDS : THE CONSONANT SOUNDS VOICED CONSONANT IN THE MIDDLE OF WORDS –THE-- EXCEPT SMOOTH AND SOMETIMES WITH
mother, father, bother, whether, another, rather, smoother, smoothe, northern, southern, bather, bathe, either, neither, weather, brother
VOICELESS CONSONANT /θ/
think, thought, thanks, thorough, thumb, thirteen, thirty, third, thousand, thing, month, mouth, south, healthy, wealthy, theater, anything, everything, nothing, mathematical STOP CONSONANTS : STOP CONSONANTS to produce stops [p, b], [t, d] and [k,g] you must stop the air stream completely and release it to make little explosions of air.
[P, B] peel, bales, pop, bond, place, bland
[T, D] toad, dead, trod, drug, tent, drive
[K,G] kilo, guest, kleptomania, glamour, kelp, gaseous FRICTION CONSONANTS OR FRICATIVES : FRICTION CONSONANTS OR FRICATIVES So called because the sound causes friction in the mouth when the air is forced through a narrow passage in the mouth creating a hissing sound.
[F] flower, farm, fervor, fondue, flagon, flask
[V] valiant, valise, vale, volley, velum, vapid AFFRICATE CONSONANTS : AFFRICATE CONSONANTS Are consonants that are composed of stop and friction sounds blended together to form a single sound. The two sounds that belong to this group are:
1.) Nasal Consonants
2.) Liquid Consonants
NASAL CONSONANTS [n] & [m]. So called because the air stream is directed trough the nose. This is accomplished by blocking the passage of air through the mouth and lowering the velum (back portion of the roof of the mouth) so the air escapes through the mouth Nasal Consonants : Nasal Consonants [N] number, Nero, nag, noggin, nobody, Nosferatu, Nostradamus
[M] match, mermaid, march, mellifluous, masquerade, Marmaduke, melancholy Liquid Consonants : Liquid Consonants The two sounds that make this sound, [R] and [L] have some features of both consonants and vowels and are also known as semi-vowels.
[R] red, rose, rambunctious, rancid, regret, refrain
[L] leavening, level, loud, Lancelot, lopsided, lint GLIDE CONSONANTS : GLIDE CONSONANTS [Y] and [W] are glides because they are transitional sounds which move or “glide” toward the vowel sound that follows. They have characteristics of both consonants and vowels and are also called semi-vowels. Technically [H] is a friction sound rather than a glide but it is included because it takes on the quantity of the vowel that follows.
[Y] yawn, yes, yoyo, yearn, yuck, yam, yellow
[W] whale, white, while, want, wait, wasp, whip CONSONANT BLENDS : CONSONANT BLENDS Are combinations of two or three consonants which are produced one after another. without being separated by vowels. They are also known as consonant clusters.
Br, bl, cr, cl, gr, gn, kn, thr, etc
Brass, break, bland, blown, crevice, clown, grievous, gnawing, knave, knight, throes, threshold, etc.