|Publication number||US4555399 A|
|Application number||US 06/587,533|
|Publication date||Nov 26, 1985|
|Filing date||Mar 8, 1984|
|Priority date||Nov 18, 1983|
|Publication number||06587533, 587533, US 4555399 A, US 4555399A, US-A-4555399, US4555399 A, US4555399A|
|Inventors||Charles H. Hsiao|
|Original Assignee||Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (33), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (49), Classifications (12), Legal Events (6)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application is a continuation-in-part of my application Ser. No. 553,256, filed Nov. 18, 1983, now abandoned.
The present invention relates to an improved aspirin tablet. More particularly, it relates to an aspirin tablet having a substantially lessened irritant effect on the gastric mucosa.
It is well known that aspirin and other salicylates can cause gastric ulceration and even hemorrhage in animals and in humans. One approach to minimizing the local irritant effect of aspirin on the gastric mucosa is to use enteric-coated aspirin formulations. However, the enteric coating is dissolved/digested in the small intestine, and the aspirin particles exposed can cause irritation to the mucosa of the small intestine. Enteric-coated formulations are not suitable for persons requiring the fast onset of aspirin's analgesic and/or antipyretic activity, e.g., rapid relief from headache, pain and/or fever.
Green, The Journal of New Drugs, pages 294-304, September-October 1966, teaches microspherules of enteric-coated aspirin compressed into a readily disintegratable tablet. Although the tablet disintegrates in the stomach, the aspirin does not become available for absorption until the enteric coating is dissolved in the small intestine. Dissolution of the coating and absorption of the aspirin is described as slow and the microspherules are said to behave like a sustained-dosage form. Green's tablets are particularly suited for patients where large doses of aspirin must be provided over long periods of time.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,954,959 teaches mixing small particles of a medicament with a buffer and other adjuvants, and then coating the mixture with a non-digestible, film-forming, acrylic polymer. Stomach juice and then intestinal juice slowly leach out the medicament at a relatively constant rate independent of body fluid pH.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,193,985 teaches coating subunits of a medicament, such as aspirin, with a non-digestible polymer membrane wherein the medicament is leached out as the polymer subunit passes through the intestinal tract. The patentees indicate that a tablet containing such subunits can be prepared but no description of tablet preparation is given.
The present invention provides an aspirin tablet which, when ingested, rapidly disintegrates in the stomach into numerous polymer-coated aspirin crystals whereby the aspirin is absorbed in the stomach with minimal contact with the gastric mucosa. The crystals of aspirin are coated with a polymeric film which permits entrance of gastric fluid to dissolve the aspirin contained inside of the film but which prevents the aspirin crystals from coming into contact with the lining of the stomach.
In its broadest aspect, the present invention is a tablet consisting of a plurality of aspirin crystals 20-60 mesh in size coated with about 3-10% by weight of a polymeric mixture comprising from about 2.5 to about 15 parts by weight ethylcellulose and about one part by weight hydroxypropylcellulose; a compression aid; a disintegrant; and a tableting aid.
In another aspect, the present invention is a tablet which readily disintegrates in gastric fluid to give aspirin cyrstals coated with a polymeric film preventing the aspirin crystals from contacting the stomach wall but not preventing access of gastric fluid to the aspirin contained within the polymer film, which consists of a plurality of aspirin crystals 20-60 mesh in size coated with about 3-10% by weight of a polymeric mixture comprising from about 2.5 to about 15 parts by weight ethylcellulose and about one part by weight hydroxypropylcellulose; a compression aid; a disintegrant; and a tableting aid.
Although the aspirin used as the "seed" for the tablet of the present invention may be compounded with minor amounts of other ingredients, in accordance with a preferred aspect of the present invention, it is contemplated that pure aspirin crystals will be used. The crystals should have a relatively uniform particle size distribution ranging from about 20 to about 60 mesh with 40 mesh preferred. It is contemplated that only minor amounts of the crystals will fall outside this range.
The polymeric coating requires a major component of ethylcellulose and a minor component of hydroxypropylcellulose, with the weight ratio of ethylcellulose to hydroxypropylcellulose be at least about 2.5. It is contemplated that the weight ratio being from about 2.5:1 to about 15:1, with a preferred range being from about 3.5:1 to about 12:1, and still more preferably about 4:1. By providing a proper balance of ethylcellulose to hydroxypropylcellulose, the polymer film of the present invention remains intact in the stomach (and afterwards) but is permeable to gastric fluid which dissolves and leaches out the aspirin contained therein. The weight of the polymeric coating is from about 3 to about 10% of the total weight of the polymerically coated aspirin crystal with 5% being preferred. Lesser amounts, particularly below 3%, give rise to bare spots by disruption of the coating during the compression step, and increases the likelihood of solid aspirin coming into contact with the lining of the stomach. The rate of absorption of the aspirin decreases as the weight of the polymer coating increases and becomes unsatisfactory above about 10%.
The thus coated aspirin crystals are mixed with a compression aid, such as microcrystalline cellulose; a disintegrant, such as cross-linked sodium carboxymethylcellulose, cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone or sodium starch glycolate; and a tableting aid, such as hydrogenated vegetable oil, mineral oil, or the like. By incorporation of a compression aid, less force is required to compress the mixture into tablets thereby minimizing disruption of the polymer film coating the aspirin crystals. Incorporation of a disintegrant ensures fast disintegration of the tablet in the stomach. The tableting aid serves its usual purpose of "lubricating" the resultant tablet for easy release when the mixture described above is tableted in conventional, commercially available, tableting equipment.
It should be emphasized that the tablet of the present invention is not a conventional sustained release tablet. However, some delay in dissolution and subsequent absorption of the aspirin is "built in" to minimize the likelihood of solid or "concentrated" aspirin from coming into contact with the wall of the stomach. Essentially only "liquid" or "dilute" aspirin reaches the gastric mucosa.
The tablet of the present invention intended for a single dosage unit for adult use contains about 1000 mg of acetylsalicylic acid (the usual adult aspirin tablet contains 5 grains or 325 mg of acetylsalicylic acid) and can be scored for a smaller dose.
The following examples serve to illustrate the invention:
(a) 10,000 gm aspirin crystals, having a size of between 30 and 60 mesh, were placed in a twelve inch air suspension coating column (Wurster column manufactured by Glatt, West German) preheated to 40° C. with a polymer solution which contained 420.8 gm ethylcellulose ["Ethocel N-10" (Dow)] and 105.2 gm hydroxypropylcellulose ["Klucel LF" (Hercules)], 1503 ml methanol and 6012 ml chloroform. The coating solution was sprayed at a liquid feed rate of 150 ml/minute under a pressure of 4 bars and inlet air temperature of about 60° C. After all of the polymer solutions had been applied, the coated aspirin crystals were dried for 10 minutes and screened to about 40 mesh.
(b) 2106 gm of the coated aspirin crystals, 118 gm of micro crystalline cellulose [Avicel pH 101 (FMC)], 94 gm of cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone [Crospovidone NF] and 22 gm hydrogenated vegetable oil U.S.P. were thoroughly mixed. The mixture was compressed into tablets using a Stokes tablet machine equipped with plain capsule-shaped scored punches, 0.310×0.744×0.061 inches at 1500 psi. Tablet weight was 1170 mg.
(c) The polymer-coated aspirin crystals so prepared were tested according to the standard dissolution procedure in simulated gastric fluid for 1 hour and then in simulated intestinal fluid for the remaining testing period as described in U.S.P. XX. The results observed are tabulated below:
______________________________________Time (hours) % Aspirin Released______________________________________1 hour 27.82 65.44 99.2______________________________________
(a) using the general procedure of Example I, 10,000 gm of 20-40 mesh aspirin crystals were coated with 602.4 gm of ethylcellulose and 150.6 gm of hydroxypropylcellulose in 2152 ml of methanol and 8608 ml of chloroform. Coating conditions were similar but the liquid feed rate was 200 ml/min and the pressure 2.5 bars.
(b) About 2150 gm of the coated aspirin crystals, 120 gm of micro crystalline cellulose, 96 gm of cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone and 24 gm of hydrogenated vegetable oil were thoroughly mixed and the mixture tableted.
(c) The dissolution rate of the tablets in simulated gastric fluid for 1 hour and then in simulated intestinal fluid is tabulated below:
______________________________________Time (hours) % Aspirin Released______________________________________1 17.32 50.64 82.66 92.88 97.610 98.5______________________________________
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US2811483 *||Dec 9, 1954||Oct 29, 1957||Pfizer & Co C||Pharmaceutical composition and process for preparing the same|
|US2853420 *||Jul 19, 1956||Sep 23, 1958||Hans Lowey||Ethyl cellulose coatings for shaped medicinal preparations|
|US2887440 *||Aug 12, 1957||May 19, 1959||Dow Chemical Co||Enteric coating|
|US2928770 *||Nov 28, 1958||Mar 15, 1960||Bardani Frank M||Sustained action pill|
|US3081233 *||Aug 8, 1960||Mar 12, 1963||Upjohn Co||Enteric-coated pilules|
|US3109775 *||Jan 31, 1961||Nov 5, 1963||Key Pharma||Theophylline-noscapine sustained release composition for treatment of asthma|
|US3133863 *||Mar 10, 1961||May 19, 1964||Strong Cobb Arner Inc||Sustained release therapeutic tablet compositions comprising organic solvent-gelled gums|
|US3247066 *||Sep 12, 1962||Apr 19, 1966||Parke Davis & Co||Controlled release dosage form containing water-swellable beadlet|
|US3256111 *||Dec 4, 1964||Jun 14, 1966||Abbott Lab||Method for coating tablets|
|US3341416 *||Dec 11, 1963||Sep 12, 1967||Ncr Co||Encapsulation of aspirin in ethylcellulose and its product|
|US3344029 *||Jun 3, 1963||Sep 26, 1967||U S Ethicals Inc||Sustained release composition|
|US3383236 *||Apr 17, 1964||May 14, 1968||Merck & Co Inc||Continuous pharmaceutical film coating process|
|US3388041 *||Jan 27, 1964||Jun 11, 1968||Richardson Merrell Inc||High dosage sustained release tablet|
|US3400185 *||Apr 8, 1965||Sep 3, 1968||Bristol Myers Co||Agglomeration of smaller pharmaceutical particles into larger microspherules and enteic-coating thereof|
|US3488418 *||Nov 18, 1965||Jan 6, 1970||Sterling Drug Inc||Sustained relief analgesic composition|
|US3524910 *||Jun 9, 1969||Aug 18, 1970||Sterling Drug Inc||Sustained relief analgesic compositions|
|US3632739 *||Dec 29, 1969||Jan 4, 1972||Sandoz Ag||Solid sustained release pharmaceutical preparation|
|US3773920 *||Jul 14, 1971||Nov 20, 1973||Nikken Chemicals Co Ltd||Sustained release medicinal composition|
|US3835221 *||Mar 4, 1971||Sep 10, 1974||Hoechst Ag||Orally administrable drug dosage form having delayed action|
|US3907983 *||Jan 30, 1974||Sep 23, 1975||Hoffmann La Roche||Pharmaceutical preparations|
|US3917813 *||Mar 20, 1974||Nov 4, 1975||Benzon As Alfred||Oral drug preparations|
|US3922339 *||Jun 20, 1974||Nov 25, 1975||Kv Pharm Co||Sustained release medicant|
|US3951851 *||May 29, 1973||Apr 20, 1976||Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.||Process of producing aspirin-containing capsules|
|US4016254 *||Apr 5, 1976||Apr 5, 1977||Beecham Group Limited||Pharmaceutical formulations|
|US4083949 *||Jul 8, 1974||Apr 11, 1978||Byk Gulden Lomberg Chemische Fabrik Gmbh||New oral form of medicament and a method for producing it|
|US4138475 *||Sep 14, 1977||Feb 6, 1979||Imperial Chemical Industries Limited||Sustained release pharmaceutical composition|
|US4167558 *||Nov 6, 1978||Sep 11, 1979||Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.||Novel sustained release tablet formulations|
|US4173626 *||Dec 11, 1978||Nov 6, 1979||Merck & Co., Inc.||Sustained release indomethacin|
|US4248858 *||Aug 9, 1979||Feb 3, 1981||American Home Products Corporation||Sustained release pharmaceutical compositions|
|US4259314 *||Dec 10, 1979||Mar 31, 1981||Hans Lowey||Method and composition for the preparation of controlled long-acting pharmaceuticals|
|US4321253 *||Aug 22, 1980||Mar 23, 1982||Beatty Morgan L||Suspension of microencapsulated bacampicillin acid addition salt for oral, especially pediatric, administration|
|US4341759 *||Oct 27, 1980||Jul 27, 1982||Aktiebolaget Hassle||Granule having controlled release properties|
|AU109438A *||Title not available|
|1||*||Green et al., J. Pediatrics 98(5): 832 834, May 1981, Absorption Characteristics of Sustained Release Theophylline Capsules Administered in Applesauce .|
|2||Green et al., J. Pediatrics 98(5): 832-834, May 1981, "Absorption Characteristics of Sustained Release Theophylline Capsules Administered in Applesauce".|
|3||*||Weinberger, J. Pediatrics 92(1): 1 7, Jan. 1978, Theophylline for Treatment of Asthma.|
|4||Weinberger, J. Pediatrics 92(1): 1-7, Jan. 1978, Theophylline for Treatment of Asthma.|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US4610870 *||Oct 5, 1984||Sep 9, 1986||E. R. Squibb & Sons, Inc.||Controlled release formulation|
|US4634587 *||Aug 16, 1984||Jan 6, 1987||Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc.||Sustained release quinidine dosage form|
|US4639370 *||Feb 6, 1985||Jan 27, 1987||Farmitalia Carlo Erba S.P.A.||Pharmaceutical composition|
|US4716040 *||Dec 20, 1984||Dec 29, 1987||Elan Corporation P.L.C.||Controlled absorption methyldopa pharmaceutical formulation|
|US4716042 *||Jun 16, 1986||Dec 29, 1987||American Home Products Corporation||Stabilized coated aspirin tablets|
|US4721619 *||Dec 20, 1984||Jan 26, 1988||Elan Corporation P.L.C.||Controlled absorption diltiazen pharmaceutical formulation|
|US4752470 *||Nov 24, 1986||Jun 21, 1988||Mehta Atul M||Controlled release indomethacin|
|US4756911 *||Apr 16, 1986||Jul 12, 1988||E. R. Squibb & Sons, Inc.||Controlled release formulation|
|US4837031 *||Sep 17, 1987||Jun 6, 1989||Mallinckrodt, Inc.||Compositions containing ibuprofen|
|US4851233 *||Oct 6, 1986||Jul 25, 1989||Warner-Lambert Company||Sustained release formulations|
|US4863741 *||Jan 30, 1989||Sep 5, 1989||Abbott Laboratories||Tablet composition for drug combinations|
|US4863743 *||Feb 19, 1986||Sep 5, 1989||Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc.||Controlled release potassium chloride|
|US4867984 *||Feb 17, 1989||Sep 19, 1989||Nagin K. Patel||Drug in bead form and process for preparing same|
|US4874614 *||Jan 30, 1989||Oct 17, 1989||Abbott Laboratories||Pharmaceutical tableting method|
|US4886669 *||Nov 25, 1987||Dec 12, 1989||Zyna Sa||Galenical formulation|
|US4891230 *||Nov 16, 1987||Jan 2, 1990||Elan Corporation Plc||Diltiazem formulation|
|US4894240 *||Nov 16, 1987||Jan 16, 1990||Elan Corporation Plc||Controlled absorption diltiazem formulation for once-daily administration|
|US4900558 *||Jul 30, 1987||Feb 13, 1990||Aps Research Limited||Sustained release ibuprofen formulation including a core of ibuprofen and a microcrystalline cellulose and a covering of acrylic polymer and hydroxylated cellulose derivative|
|US4904477 *||Jul 13, 1989||Feb 27, 1990||American Home Products Corporation||Spray dried ibuprofen compositions|
|US4910022 *||Nov 15, 1988||Mar 20, 1990||Merck & Co., Inc.||Phthalazineacetic acid composition and tablet|
|US4917899 *||Nov 16, 1987||Apr 17, 1990||Elan Corporation Plc||Controlled absorption diltiazem formulation|
|US5009897 *||Jul 12, 1990||Apr 23, 1991||Abbott Laboratories||Pharmaceutical granules and tablets made therefrom|
|US5064656 *||Aug 28, 1990||Nov 12, 1991||Dr. Gergely & Co.||Uncoated pharmaceutical reaction tablet|
|US5169642 *||Jun 4, 1991||Dec 8, 1992||Abbott Laboratories||Sustained-release drug dosage units|
|US5268182 *||Aug 14, 1992||Dec 7, 1993||Abbott Laboratories||Sustained-release drug dosage units of terazosin|
|US5330767 *||Aug 31, 1992||Jul 19, 1994||Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.||Sustained release microcapsule|
|US5476663 *||Apr 15, 1994||Dec 19, 1995||Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.||Prolonged release microcapsule|
|US5576024 *||Jun 5, 1995||Nov 19, 1996||Blase; Cynthia M.||Buffered matrix aspirin|
|US5631020 *||Jun 6, 1995||May 20, 1997||Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.||Method for producing microcapsule|
|US5631021 *||Feb 20, 1996||May 20, 1997||Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.||Method for producing microcapsule|
|US5651984 *||Mar 14, 1995||Jul 29, 1997||Eurand America, Incorporated||Controlled release potassium tablet|
|US6340471 *||Dec 30, 1999||Jan 22, 2002||Alvin Kershman||Method for preparing solid delivery system for encapsulated and non-encapsulated pharmaceuticals|
|US6528093||Aug 31, 1999||Mar 4, 2003||Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.||Sustained-release preparation|
|US6780437||Feb 14, 2002||Aug 24, 2004||Upsher-Smith Laboratories, Inc.||Coated potassium chloride granules and tablets|
|US7048947||Apr 23, 2002||May 23, 2006||Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited||Sustained-release preparation|
|US7056534||Aug 19, 2004||Jun 6, 2006||Upsher-Smith Laboratories, Inc.||Coated potassium chloride granules and tablets|
|US7179486||May 18, 2001||Feb 20, 2007||Nostrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.||Process for preparing sustained release tablets|
|US7632521||Dec 15, 2009||Eurand, Inc.||Controlled release potassium chloride tablets|
|US9034911||Oct 27, 2009||May 19, 2015||Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc.||Composition of a 5-HT2A serotonin receptor modulator useful for the treatment of disorders related thereto|
|US9126946||Oct 27, 2009||Sep 8, 2015||Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc.||Processes useful for the preparation of 1-[3-(4-bromo-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-3-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)urea and crystalline forms related thereto|
|US20020147150 *||Dec 26, 2001||Oct 10, 2002||Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.||Sustained-release preparation|
|US20020173467 *||Apr 23, 2002||Nov 21, 2002||Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.||Sustained-release preparation|
|US20050013860 *||Jul 15, 2003||Jan 20, 2005||Gopi Venkatesh||Controlled release potassium chloride tablets|
|US20050079219 *||Aug 19, 2004||Apr 14, 2005||Upsher-Smith Laboratories, Inc.||Coated potassium chloride granules and tablets|
|US20080279937 *||Jul 15, 2003||Nov 13, 2008||Eurand, Inc.||Controlled release potassium chloride tablets|
|US20110207791 *||Oct 27, 2009||Aug 25, 2011||Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc.||Composition of a 5-ht2a serotonin receptor modulator useful for the treatment of disorders related thereto|
|EP0347748A2 *||Jun 15, 1989||Dec 27, 1989||Abbott Laboratories||Pharmaceutical granules and tablets made therefrom|
|EP0384600A2 *||Feb 5, 1990||Aug 29, 1990||Riker Laboratories, Inc.||Salsalate tablet|
|WO1993007886A1 *||Sep 10, 1992||Apr 29, 1993||Abbott Laboratories||Pharmaceutical composition containing certain peptidomimetic compounds|
|U.S. Classification||424/465, 514/165, 424/497|
|International Classification||A61K9/20, A61K9/50, A61K31/60|
|Cooperative Classification||A61K31/60, A61K9/5047, A61K9/2081|
|European Classification||A61K9/50H6F2B, A61K9/20K2B, A61K31/60|
|Mar 8, 1984||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: KEY PHARAMACEUTICALS, INC. P.O. BOX 694307 MIAMI,
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:HSIAO, CHARLES H.;REEL/FRAME:004238/0542
Effective date: 19840301
|Apr 17, 1989||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 9, 1993||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jul 1, 1997||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Nov 23, 1997||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Feb 3, 1998||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 19971126