|Publication number||US5112518 A|
|Application number||US 07/449,134|
|Publication date||May 12, 1992|
|Filing date||Dec 8, 1989|
|Priority date||Jun 9, 1988|
|Also published as||CA1335969C, DE68924444D1, DE68924444T2, EP0346137A1, EP0346137B1, WO1989012089A1|
|Publication number||07449134, 449134, US 5112518 A, US 5112518A, US-A-5112518, US5112518 A, US5112518A|
|Inventors||Jan Klugkist, Willem R. Van Dijk|
|Original Assignee||Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (11), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (27), Classifications (10), Legal Events (7)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This is a continuation-in-part application of Ser. No. 364,740, filed Jun 9, 1989 now abandoned.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,421,664 (Anderson et al.) discloses enzyme-containing cleaning compositions including slow-release oxidant bleach systems, including chlorine-type bleaches, and proteolytic, lipolytic or amylolytic enzyme, including e.g. Amano CE lipase, and formulated e.g. for mechanical dishwashing. The compositions of Anderson et al. may further include reducing agents which preferentially reduce any bleach composition which leak out from the capsule to a nonoxidizing compound. There is disclosed no appreciation that certain lipase enzymes are compatible with chlorine-type bleaches and do not require segregation in slow-release formulations or the presence of reducing agents.
The present invention relates to an enzymatic dishwashing composition comprising a chlorine-type bleaching agent, and is characterised by the use of lipase as further described below, and a process of (e.g. mechanical) dishwashing using such a composition.
The use of enzymes in dishwashing compositions, both for manual as well as mechanical dishwashing, is generally well known in the art. For that purpose in particular amylases and/or proteases have been proposed.
Although lipases as a general class of enzymes have also been suggested, no specific proposals relating to the use of lipases in dishwashing compositions have been made as far as we know.
Many dishwashing compositions contain a chlorine-type bleaching agent, and it is well known in the art that, on the whole, enzymes are not really compatible with such chlorine-type bleaching agents.
We have now surprisingly found that lipases in compositions which contain a chlorine-type bleaching are surprisingly more stable and do not lose their activity as rapidly as one would have expected.
There is no need for the compositions of the present invention to be formulated using any slow-release forms of the bleaching system. There is also no need for the compositions of the present invention to be formulated with reducing agents for reducing amounts bleach to a nonoxidizing form. The bleach system ingredients can thus be incorporated into the compositions in solid, pasty or liquid forms not involving their components in encapsulant substances. Accordingly, the invention includes compositions (e.g. those exemplified below) comprising bleach component which is free of encapsulation agents or other slow-release agents that would slow down the effect of the bleach, and free of reducing agents as well.
In addition, we have surprisingly found that less spot formation occurs when using the compositions of the invention, compared with a composition with a chlorine-type bleaching agent but without a lipase.
The present invention therefore relates to an enzymatic dishwashing composition comprising a detergent-active material, a lipase and a chlorine-type agent.
The lipases, used according to the present invention, may be of any suitable origin such as yeasts, fungi and bacteria. Preferably they are of bacterial or fungal origin. The bacterial lipases preferably belong to the class of bacterial lipases which show a positive immunological cross-reaction with antibody raised against the lipase produced by the microorganism Chromobacter viscosum var. lipolyticum NRRL B-3763.
This lipase has been described in Dutch Patent Specification 154,269 of Toyo Jozo, and the microorganism is available to the public at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Utilisation and Development Division at Peoria, Ill., under the number NRRL B-3673. This lipase will hereinafter be referred to as "Toyo Jozo" lipase. The preferred bacterial lipases of the present invention should show a positive immunological cross-reaction with the Toyo Jozo lipase antibody, using the standard and well-known immunodiffusion procedure according to Ouchterlony (Acta. Med. Scan., 133, pages 76-79 (1950)).
The preparation of the antiserum is carried out as follows:
Equal volumes of 0.1 mg/ml antigen and of Freund's adjuvant (complete or incomplete) are mixed until an emulsion is obtained. Two female rabbits are injected with 2 ml samples of the emulsion according to the following scheme:
Day 0: antigen in complete Freund's adjuvant
Day 4: antigen in complete Freund's adjuvant
Day 32: antigen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant
Day 60: booster of antigen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant.
The serum containing the required antibody is prepared by centrifugation of clotted blood, taken on day 67.
The titre of the anti-Toyo Jozo-lipase antiserum is determined by the inspection of precipitation of serial dilutions of antigen and antiserum according to the Ouchterlony procedure. A 25 dilution of antiserum was the dilution that still gave a visible precipitation with an antigen concentration of 0.1 mg/ml.
All bacterial lipases showing a positive immunological cross reaction with the Toyo Jozo lipase antibody as hereabove described are preferred bacterial lipases according to the present invention. Typical examples thereof are the lipases ex Pseudomonas fluorescens IAM 1057 (available under the trade name Amano-P), the lipase ex Pseudomonas fragi FERM P 1339 (available under the trade name Amano-B), lipase ex Pseudomonas nitroroducens var. lipolyticum FERM P 1338, the lipase ex Pseudomonas sp. available under the trade name Amano-CES, the lipase ex Pseudomonas cepacia, lipases ex Chromobacter viscosum, e.g. Chromobacter viscosum var. lipolyticum NRRLB 3673, commercially available from Toyo Jozo Co., Tagata, Japan; and further Chromobacter viscosum lipases from U.S. Biochemical Corp, U.S.A. and Diosynth Co., The Netherlands, and lipases ex Pseudomonas gladioli.
Suitable fungal lipases which may also be used in the present invention are lipases ex Humicola lanuginosa or Thermomyces lanuginosus, such as Amano-CE ex Amano or those described in the published European Patent Application 0 258 068 (Novo), (incorporated herein by reference).
Lipases particularly preferred to be used in the present invention are the lipases produced by cloning, by rDNA technologies, the gene encoding for the lipase produced by the fungus Humicola lanuginosa and expressing the gene in Aspergillus oryzae as host. Such a lipase is manufactured and sold by Novo Industri A/S, Denmark, under the trade name Lipolase (described in Biotechnology Newswatch, 7th Mar. 1988, page 6), and further such lipases are made in accordance with EP 0 305 216 (NOVO), (incorporated herein by reference).
The lipases of the present invention are included in the detergent composition in such an amount that the final detergent composition has a lipolytic enzyme activity of from 100 to 0.005 LU/mg preferably 25 to 0.05 LU/mg of the composition.
A Lipase Unit (LU) is that amount of lipase which produces 1 micromol of titratable fatty acid per minute in a pH stat. under the following conditions: temperature 30° C.; pH=9.0; substrate is an emulsion of 3.3 wt. % of olive oil and 3.3% gum arabic, in the presence of 13 mmol/l Ca2+ and 20 mmol/l NaCl in 5 mmol/l Tris-buffer.
Naturally, mixtures of the above lipases can be used. The lipases can be used in their nonpurified form, or in a purified form, e.g. purified with the aid of well-known adsorption methods, such as a phenylsepharose-adsorption techniques.
The compositions further comprise a chlorine-type bleaching agent, generally in an amount corresponding to 0.1-15%, usually 0.5-10% by weight of available chlorine.
By chlorine-type bleaching agents, organic and/or inorganic compounds are meant, which yield, on solution in water, active chlorine. Typical examples are alkali metal hypochlorites, chlorinated trisodium phosphate, chlorinated (sulphon) amides, chlorinated hydantoins, chlorinated cyanuric acids and salts (usually alklai metal, e.g. sodium, salts) thereof, etc.
The compositions also contain a detergent-active compound, generally in an amount of from 0.5-10%, usually 1-5%. Any well-known type of detergent active compound may be used, such as soaps, synthetic anionic, non-ionic, amphoteric detergent surfactant and mixtures thereof. Preferably, a nonionic detergent surfactant is used, especially a low-foaming one. Suitable examples of such nonionic detergent surfactants can easily be found in M Schick "Nonionic Surfactants" (1967).
The composition of the invention may furthermore comprise the usual ingredients of dishwashing or rinse compositions. Thus it may contain one or more alkali salts commonly used in dishwashing compositions. Thus, it may contain organic and/or inorganic builders such as the alkali metal ortho-, pyro and tripolyphosphates and hexametaphosphates, silicates, carbonates, zeolites, borates, citrates, carboxymethyloxysuccinates, nitrilotriacetates and ethylenediamine-tetraacetates, polymeric polyelectrolytes such as polyacrylates, polymaleates, and other known organic and inorganic builder compounds.
Caustic alkali (e.g. NAOH) may also be additionally present, and the compositions often generate a pH>10 on dissolution/dispersion at a surfactant level in the range of 0.4-0.8 g/l.
Usually, the amount of builders in the composition varies from 10-90% by weight, generally from 30-70% by weight.
The composition may furthermore contain other useful additives such as oxygen-type bleaching agents such as perborate, reducing bleaching agents such as sodium sulphite, bleaching agent activators, hydrotropes, fillers, perfumes, colouring agents, germicides, soil-suspending agents, aminopoly-phosphonic acids and alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts thereof, clays such as hectorites, anti-corrosion agents such as fatty acids, benztriazole and so on. Other enzymes such as proteases, e.g. Savinase® ex Novo, amylases, e.g. Termamyl® ex Novo, and oxidases may also be included.
In general, the dishwashing compositions of the invention (preferably those in solid e.g. powder or granulate form) may contain proteases in such an amount, that the final composition has a proteolytic activity of 0.1-50, usually 1-50 and preferably 5-30 GU/mg. A GU is a glycine unit, which is the amount of enzyme which under standard incubation conditions produces an amount of terminal NH2 -groups equivalent to 1 microgram/ml glycine.
It is explained that the preferred proteases are those of the subtilisen type (e.g. the Savinase preparation mentioned above), but it is preferred that the lipase preparation is itself substantially free of accompanying protease, e.g. less than about 0.3 GU per lipase unit, preferably not more than about 0.15 GU per lipase unit.
When amylases are present, they are used in such amounts that the final composition has an amylolytic activity of 103 -107 MU/kg of final product. A maltose unit (MU) is determined by the method as described in P Bernfeld in "Methods in Enzymology", Vol I, (1955), page 149.
A typical example of a machine dishwashing composition contains a lipase in an amount as set out above, an alkali metal tripolyphosphate in an amount of from 20-60%, an alkali silicate in an amount of from 40-80%, or an alkali metal disilicate in an amount of 5-30% by weight, a chlorine-type bleaching agent such as dichlorocyanuric acid (sodium or potassium salt) in an amount of from 0.5-10%, a low-foaming detergent surfactant in an amount of from 0.5-5%, and minor ingredients such as perfumes, colouring agents, hydrotropes, fillers, etc.
The products of the invention can be formulated in any desirable form, such as powders, granulates, cakes, bars, pastes, liquids etc. When the compositions are presented as liquids, the proportions given above are (wherever appropriate) expressed in terms of the dry weight.
The invention will further be illustrated by way of example.
The following formulations were made:
______________________________________ (% by weight) A B C______________________________________Granular sodium tripolyphosphate 36.0 38.7 35.0(7% water of hydration)Sodium metasilicate (0.aq) -- 16.5 --Sodium metasilicate (5.aq) -- -- 7.0Granular sodium metasilicate -- -- 55.0(18% water of hydration) -- 11.0 --Sodium disilicateSodium carbonate 9.0 -- --C13 -C15 linear -- -- 1.0alcohol, condensed with 2 moles ofethylene oxide and 4 moles ofpropylene oxideC12 -C15 near alcohol, 1.4 1.0 --condensed with 4.4 moles of ethyleneoxide and 6.5 moles of propyleneoxideSodium sulphate 22.0 34.0 --Sodium dichlorocyanuric acid 1.2 1.2 1.2salt (2.aq)Water to 100.0 100.0 100.0______________________________________
Solutions were made of 3 g/l of each of these formulations in water of 9° German hardness at 30° C. and Lipolase was added in an amount of 15 LU/ml. The residual activity was measured after 25 minutes storage. The following results were obtained:
______________________________________residual activity(in %)______________________________________ A 60 B 65 C 35______________________________________
With composition B of Example 1, the same test was repeated (at pH 10.9) with Lipolase, or the lipase ex Pseudomonas cepacia or the lipase ex Humicola lanuginosa according to European Patent Application 0 258 068, all dosed at 15 LU/ml.
The following results were obtained, showing that all three lipases retained a useful degree of activity, the preferred lipase being the Lipolase preparation.
______________________________________residual activity(in %)______________________________________Lipolase 65Pseudomonas cepacia 10Humicola lanuginosa 10______________________________________
In relation to the above result, it is believed that the lipolase enzyme (highly preferred) is free of protease of fungal origin, while the Lipase obtained directly from Humicola lanuginosa had some fungal protease therein, (probably more than 0.3 GU per Lipase unit).
Repeating this test, using formulation B, in which, however, the sodium dichlorocyanuric acid salt was replaced by sodium hypochlorite (to yield 154 mg/l NaOCl solution), the following results were obtained:
______________________________________residual activity(in %)______________________________________ Lipolase 65 Pseudomonas cepacia 20______________________________________
Glasses were cleaned in a Kenmore Sears dishwashing machine, using the normal wash programme at 50° C. followed by a hot dry. The water hardness was 14° FH. The dishwashing composition was dosed in an amount of 3 g/l, and had the following formulation:
______________________________________ % by weight______________________________________sodium tripolyphosphate 24.0soda ash 20.0sodium disilicate 11.0linear C10 alcohol, condensed 2.5with 6 moles of ethylene oxideand 24 moles of propylene oxidesodium sulphate 44.0sodium dichlorocyanuric acid salt 1.2water to 100.0______________________________________
The load was a dummy load without soil, and the soiling was 35 g/run fresh egg-yolk.
The glasses were washed once and the number of spots on the glasses was thereafter determined. These experiments were carried out with and without Lipolase (dosed at 15 LU/ml), with or without Savinase (dosed at 47 GU/ml).
The following results were obtained:
______________________________________ Number of spots on glass______________________________________Base powder without chlorine bleach 281powder with chlorine bleach 298powder with chlorine bleach + Lipolase 36powder with chlorine bleach + Savinase 330powder with chlorine bleach + Lipolase 38 + Savinase______________________________________
The invention extends to all combinations and subcombinations of the features mentioned above and in the appended claims, within the scope of the claims.
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|U.S. Classification||510/226, 252/187.34, 510/514, 252/187.33, 252/187.25, 510/230|
|International Classification||C11D3/386, C12N9/20|
|Jul 30, 1990||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: CHESEBROUGH-POND S INC., A CORP. OF NY., NEW YORK
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:CONOPCO, INC., A CORP. OF ME.;REEL/FRAME:005441/0914
Effective date: 19891221
Owner name: CONOPCO, INC.
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:LEVER BROTHERS COMPANY, A CORP. OF ME.;REEL/FRAME:005441/0902
Effective date: 19890630
Owner name: CONOPCO, INC.
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNORS:CONOPCO, INC., A CORP. OF ME. (MERGED INTO);CHESEBROUGH-PONDS INC., A CORP. OF NY.(CHANGED TO);REEL/FRAME:005441/0928
Effective date: 19891221
Owner name: LEVER BROTHERS COMPANY, A CORP. OF ME, MAINE
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:THOMAS J. LIPTON, INC., A CORP. OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:005441/0877
Effective date: 19890830
|Nov 20, 1990||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: LEVER BROTHERS COMPANY, DIVISION OF CONOPCO, INC.
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:CONOPCO, INC.;REEL/FRAME:005500/0649
Effective date: 19901108
|Jun 8, 1995||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 1, 1999||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Nov 26, 2003||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|May 12, 2004||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Jul 6, 2004||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20040512