|Publication number||US7518500 B2|
|Application number||US 11/935,833|
|Publication date||14 Apr 2009|
|Filing date||6 Nov 2007|
|Priority date||6 May 2005|
|Also published as||EP1883914A1, EP1883914A4, EP1883914B1, US7864047, US8547222, US20080088437, US20080088438, US20090174550, US20130293378, WO2006122004A1|
|Publication number||11935833, 935833, US 7518500 B2, US 7518500B2, US-B2-7518500, US7518500 B2, US7518500B2|
|Inventors||Steve Aninye, Yoganand Rajala|
|Original Assignee||Omnilink Systems, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (77), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (37), Classifications (46), Legal Events (8)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application is a Continuation of International Application No. PCT/US2006/017541, filed May 8, 2006, which, in turn, claims priority to the May 6, 2005 filing date of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/678,823 and the Apr. 6, 2006 filing date of PCT/US06/12754, which are incorporated herein by reference.
The system and method of the present invention is utilized in determining the position of an individual using GPS signals and cell phone location technologies for both real time and later comparison with parameters and providing bidirectional communication capability with the tracking device associated with the individual, and providing a response network to address critical alarm conditions.
Many devices and systems are known to monitor the position and movements of individuals. Employers use devices to monitor employees against diversion from work-related locations, and such devices may be installed in work vehicles, attached to accessories such as computers, or comprise other GPS enabled devices. In addition, in the case of house arrest, the offender must often carry a body-worn device to permit position monitoring. The monitoring of individuals may take either active or passive forms. An active system will compare its location with ongoing restrictions to detect violations. Such a violation may occur by either coming into broadcast range of a prohibited zone, leaving broadcast range of a confinement zone, or by actual location determination and mapping against both permitted and exclusion zones. Alternatively, passive devices may simply record and transmit location information for later or real time comparison with permitted and excluded zones at a remote system.
Many devices have been proposed and employed for such uses. Among the most common are multi-component systems. Such systems typically include a wearable radio frequency (RF) bracelet that communicates with some type of base device. This may be a fixed base system with access to a telephone line that places a telephone call to a monitoring service anytime the RF signal is not detected. Alternatively, it may be a portable base equipped with GPS location technology that detects the presence of the bracelet RF signal and also tracks movements and periodically communicates, typically through wireless phone technology, to report those locations. These devices may also have the capability of displaying text messages from the monitoring officer or agency on an LCD screen. Some base attachments have attempted to utilize voice recognition technology to provide verification of the identity of a person present and responding to a phone call placed through the base unit.
Generally absent from these systems is the ability for real time or near real time communication directly between a remote system and the locator device associated with the individual. In addition, the component costs of custom devices is unnecessarily high compared to the prices available for mass market cellular telephone and GPS technology. Many systems require dedicated phone lines, require the monitored individual to wear or carry obtrusive hardware, require additional hardware for monitoring personnel, lack adequate battery life for multi-day usage, are subject to drift due to GPS signal errors, and lack a method for confirming receipt of messages sent between monitoring personnel and a monitored individual.
Accordingly, there is a need for an individual tracking system that can be deployed with software capable of running on a wide variety of devices and is therefore largely device agnostic.
There is also a need for an individual tracking system that does not require the use of dedicated phone lines or obtrusive hardware. There is also a need to provide real time or active tracking and active notification to monitoring personnel.
There is a further need for a system with easily configurable rules and with easily updated and connected location data.
There is an additional need to provide a method for shorter response times to alarm conditions than can be economically provided by municipal police and private security services.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a largely device agnostic system for monitoring of individuals.
It is further an object of the invention to implement individual tracking capability without the necessity of obtrusive hardware or dedicated phone lines.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide an individual tracking system that does not require specialized hardware for monitoring personnel.
It is a further object of the invention to provide active or real time location information concerning monitored individuals and to provide active notification to monitoring personnel.
It is another object of the invention to provide a method for confirmed communications between monitoring personnel and a monitored individual.
It is yet a further object of the invention to provide an easily adjustable and tamper resistant-wearable tracking device.
It is an additional object of the invention to provide a system that allows the implementation of many rules, and which is easily updated with location data, and can self correct location data.
It is a further additional object of the invention to provide a responsive network to provide assistance to monitored individuals signaling an alarm condition.
Turning then to
Turning then to an examination of the system components in greater detail, the logical architecture of a representative administrative hub application server 11 is shown in
Principal components of data services 72 include system metadata repository 73 holding information with respect to the system components so that they may be accessed when needed to carry out actions; workflow repository 74 queuing the actions to be carried out; and OLTP/OLAP storage 75. System services provide a number of modules corresponding to core services on the application server including reporting services 80, notification alerts 84, and location services 82. In addition, system services provide mapping services 83 for rendering locations on graphical maps, workflow executive 72 for parsing actions in the workflow repository 74 and commencing execution of those actions, data integration 78 for merging structured and unstructured data into a useful form such as XML for use by the system, and digital business identity 79 for holding user management information utilized by the system's access control logic. The application services 85 include display related personalization 92; search functionality 87; reporting 86; points of interest 89 for assigning descriptive names to physical locations in lieu of addresses; subscriptions 90 for allowing users to specify types of information to receive, such as whenever a new subscriber or offender is added for monitoring, whenever a mobile unit is disabled, or other types of events separate from the violation type notification/alerts; directions 88 for facilitating navigation to locations; and calendaring/scheduling 91 to communicate schedule information with scheduling services 53 on application server 11. Presentation services 93, principally comprising templates 94, themes 95, and rendering 97, provide for enhanced screen displays presented in browser 98. Events 96 translates user keystrokes and mouse clicks into workflow actions.
The logical architecture of a representative device utilized in the invention is reflected in
The GPS receiver 134 is utilized to generate location information. Because GPS location requires line of sight access to GPS satellites 17, and because GPS location is sometimes subject to erroneous results due to drift or temporary satellite misorientation, GPS assist 135 may be added to the device or the cellular network. Assisted GPS generates location information based upon signals received from nearby cellular communication towers 18 and without correction is often only accurate to within several hundred feet rather than the GPS location accuracy of only several feet Nonetheless, assisted GPS provides valuable location confirming information as well as at least general location information when line of sight access to GPS satellites is unavailable.
Alternatively, location information may be provided by a location aggregator. The location aggregation service may be provided by a cellular network provider or an entity operating a gateway in connection with the cellular network or other broadcast communication provider. Many cellular networks are now capable of determining the location of GPS enabled cellular handsets with some degree of accuracy, particularly handsets that facilitate assisted GPS such as those using Qualcomm 6050 or 6250 microprocessors which permits the network to use AFLT. While the 6250 microprocessor can operate autonomously to determine the co-ordinates of the handset, both of the Qualcomm processors can also operate in response to a cellular network query, or by generating a their own location query, to cause the network to acquire the GPS data received by the cellular handset, and to utilize Advanced Forward Link Triangulation (AFLT) or other cellular network information, to produce an assisted GPS geolocation for the handset.
In a further refinement, the GPS and cellular network data may be processed by the location aggregation service for accuracy. For instance, location information data may be processed utilizing noise processing theorems to correct for bad data such as drift caused by a GPS satellite wobble, or the effects of changes in signal reflection and absorption caused by varying conditions such as locations in urban canyons, the woods, or beneath heavy cloud cover, and atmospheric ionization changes from day and night. Information as to the geolocation of the handset is then communicated by the location aggregator to the administrative hub, and in appropriate instances may also be communicated to the handset.
While the display driver 136, microphone 141 and speaker 140 may be disabled or removed from vehicle location 27 or offender bracelet 26 constructions, other hardware may be added. For instance, in the case of an offender bracelet 26, tamper detector 139 and LED driver 137 and LED emitter receiver 138 are added to provide redundant tamper indicators as explained below in connection with
A preferred offender tracking device 26 is illustrated in
An exemplary battery technology that may be employed in such a strap is a thin flexible battery using NECs organic radial battery technology. Turning then to
When used with a power strap, the battery in the strap 150 preferably has these, long lived characteristics, and the battery 182 within the housing 170 may be simply a short term back-up power supply, to operate the device temporarily if the power strap is damaged or disconnected. The storage in device 100 is sufficient to store messages and GPS location recordings for up to about two weeks depending upon the frequency with which GPS location readings are recorded.
The bottom of main housing 170 in
To attach the device 26 as shown in
Thus, to fit the device 26 to the offender, lock bracket 144 is placed on the offender's leg 190. The light guide connector 152 end of the strap 150 is secured to the housing 170 as by screws 156. The strap 150 is placed so that the unattached end is received over posts 145, 148. The strap is then wrapped around the offender's leg 190, and the main housing hooks 173 are received in flange recesses 147 on lock bracket 144, while posts 148 extend upward into cavity 176. Then locking pin 160 is passed through openings 177 and pin holes 165 so that the pin head 163 extends from one side of front lip 175 and base 161 extends from the other side with lateral section 162 extending therebetween. In the event that the offender should attempt to remove the pin 160, it will break at breakpoint 164 and the tamper detector will be activated. Similarly, if the optical cable 151 of strap 150 is cut, the tamper detector will be activated. Finally, if the main housing 170 is removed from lock bracket 144, the tamper sensor switch 181 will be activated. In any of these instances, the device 26 will generate a message to the administrative hub 10 advising of the tampering event.
An effective tamper detector to ascertain whether there has been a breach of the housing 170 may combine a light sensor that is activated when light enters the housing and an electromagnetic field sensor that is activated if metal components of the housing are dislocated. A sophisticated tamper detector used with the optical cable may utilize an LED driver 137 and one or more LEDs to emit at least two different frequencies of light in alternating or random sequence through the lens opening 174 into the light guide connector 152 and outbound on a first length of optical cable 151 to light guide 152 and back inbound on the second length of optical cable 151. Simultaneously, the LED receiver is informed of the frequency being emitted, and if either no light or the wrong frequency light is detected inbound, then a tamper alert is generated.
It will be appreciated that in securing the device 26 to an offender, it is not necessary to cut strap 150. Instead, the strap will fit a substantial range of offender leg sizes and requires no special tools to secure the unit on the offender's leg. Prior art devices have generally required the strap be cut to length and in the event that optical cable is utilized for tamper indication, the difficulties of accurately splicing the cable not only requires special tools, but also is likely to be sufficiently defective that false tamper alerts may be generated. Furthermore, when the device is removed from an offender, only the pin 160 is destroyed, so that the strap 150 may be reused.
Turning then to
It is also possible for messages to be generated at the administrative hub 10. These messages might actually be entered by systems personnel at the administrative hub 10 or by monitoring personnel interfacing with the administrative hub via user web client 16 or other suitably enabled device. Accordingly, a typical message generated might be from a probation officer advising an offender with a display equipped monitoring device that he has a court date at a particular time and place; or a message from a dispatcher to a pickup/delivery vehicle advising of an additional address to include on a route; or an administrative change to redefine an exclusion zone or alter a parameter of operation such intervals for taking and reporting location readings. Once the message is generated 210, the messaging hub transmits 211 the message which is received 212 by device 100. The device 100 parses 213 the message for message type and confirms appropriate security token is present and that the message is not corrupt. Then the device 100 generates an acknowledgement 214 which is sent to messaging hub and received 215. The administrative hub 10 then records confirmation that the message was received by device 100. The device 100 proceeds to process the message data 217.
When the administrative hub 10 is messaging device 100 with user display means such as a LED screen, messages may be sent which request a response. For instance, probation officer might ask an offender if he needs a ride to a court hearing. A dispatcher might ask a delivery/pickup person if he can make an extra pickup or delivery, and in either case request a reply. In the event that the message is received by the device 100 but there has been no reply, it is possible for the administrative hub to issue a message recall 220. When that recall is received 221 by device 100, it parses recall message 222, generates an appropriate acknowledgement 223, and proceeds to delete the message. The administrative hub receives the acknowledgement 224 and records the deletion of the message 225.
Alternatively, if the device user responds to the message 230, the response is sent to the administrative hub 10 and received 231. Then the response is parsed 232 and acknowledged 233, and the administrative hub proceeds to process the data in the response, perhaps informing a dispatcher that the requested pickup or delivery has been accepted by the pickup/delivery driver. The device 100 receives the acknowledgement 234 and proceeds to delete the response from its messaging queue 235. Thus, the invention provides for a robust two-way messaging system with confirmed messaging delivery and message recall capability. The administrative hub 10 has the capability of sending inquiries to the device 100 in order to return information regarding device status and location information. The message confirmation protocols assure that a reliable audit trail can be maintained by the system.
The administrative hub 10 has the capability of sending alerts to a variety of devices. For instance, the hub 10 can provide graphic data and text messages to user devices with screen displays; it can send email messages to email accounts; it can send text messages; it can send fax reports or alerts; and it can generate voice alerts to be received by telephone or RF enabled devices. Thus, a probation officer can receive a voice alert generated by the system over a regular telephone when a high priority alarm warrants such communication.
Two particular advantages of the present invention are the ability to define buffer zones and mobile exclusion or inclusion zones. Relative to mobile zones for instance, inmates on a work crew may be assigned to an inclusion zone within a defined radius of a supervising corrections department official. The official will carry a device that is tracked by a administrative hub 10 as the official moves about. Any innate whose device leaves the inclusion zone about the official's device generally causes alerts to be sent with tracking data so that the inmate may be apprehended. Similarly, an offender subject to a restraining order not to come within a certain radius of a victim may be equipped with a location device 100 and the victim also equipped with a location device, preferably by simply installing the necessary software on a GPS enabled cellular phone. The system then tracks the mobile locations of both the offender and the victim and sends appropriate alerts to one or more of the victim, the offender, and monitoring officer. In addition, the present invention provides for the creation of reportable events that are not explicit violations of rules applicable to an offender, for instance by allowing the creation of buffer zones that are not strict inclusion or exclusion zones. As an example, an offender might be subject to a 500 foot exclusion order, that creates a 500 foot exclusion zone around the victim and the victim's home and place of work. The system permits the definition of a larger buffer zone, perhaps 1000 feet or a quarter mile in radius, and if the offender lingers in the expanded buffer zone beyond a user designated time period, perhaps thirty minutes or an hour, notification is sent to a monitoring officer or included in reports.
In an alternative mode of operation, when the system determines that an offender or subscriber is in close proximity to an exclusion zone or similar critical location, the system can order the device to operate autonomously to determine its location. In this mode of operation, the device becomes location aware by processing GPS coordinates and any assisted GPS information that it can obtain to determine its own geolocation, and it may also apply its own rule analysis to the determined location. This autonomous operating mode may also be implemented if the device loses contact with the system for a predetermined interval of time. As an alternative to switching a device to autonomous operation for performing onboard geolocation and rule analysis, the administrative hub might alternatively simply order the device to collect and transmit GPS and assisted GPS data with increased frequency.
Two optional features of the invention's geo coding databases also increase its effectiveness. The first of these is the ability of the geo coding database to allow the addition and publishing of custom information. So, for instance, as shown in
The second geo coding database feature that improves operability of the system is an auto correction aspect. Publicly available geo coding databases include numerous, usually minor, defects due to errors in data coding as well as the development of new subdivisions and new building construction. If the center point for an inclusion or exclusion zone or other critical location point is set incorrectly, it can lead to a number of false alerts. In prior art systems, when a monitored offender generates an alert, the protocol has been for a call to be initiated to ask the offender to confirm his location and in the event of repeated erroneous alerts, to send a GPS reader out to the physical location to recalibrate the geo coding for that location. However, according to the invention, the administrative hub monitors new inclusion zones and other appropriate critical points for the first few days after their entry into the system. If it is determined that an offender's apparent in home time is not centered within an inclusion zone, the inclusion zone can be automatically recentered or recalibrated to the real location. This auto configuration is particularly useful for offender monitoring when there is an incorrect geo coding or a coding of a mailbox location instead of a house location for a particular address. Similarly, new construction sites may have only estimated geolocations and may require correction once construction has proceeded sufficiently. In another situation benefiting from auto correction, deliveries of shipments of goods that are being tracked may take place at a loading dock 100 yards or more from the coded geolocation of a facility. The ability to accurately track the transportation and delivery of goods to provide exception based reporting of route deviations combined with the ability to proactively optimize supply channel efficiencies, such as loading dock utilization and minimized waiting times for delivery, will further the goal of logistics managers to achieve complete, audited, unattended delivery.
The report menu 307 also permits generation of device report 420 shown in
The manage entity or offender menu 308 permits entity schedules to be edited.
The system provides for the monitoring of a wide variety of criteria. A wearable device 100 may be equipped with a transdermal sensor for offender alcohol monitoring and with a thermometer for body temperature readings. In addition, stationary reporting devices such as active RFID readers 20, intrusion or smoke alarms may be placed in facilities 19 and generate signals to administrative hub 10. Upon obtaining a message from such a fixed reporting device, the administrative hub can automatically direct certain actions and make appropriate notifications. For instance, a smoke alarm message could lead the administrative hub 10 to seek confirmation from user facility staff, and in the absence of rapid confirmation that there is no problem, the appropriate fire department may be notified. An intrusion alarm may generate a call to a response network as described below. Similarly, a RFID reader 20 may signal warning that an offender is entering a restricted area and cause appropriate action to be taken. Patients in assisted living facilities may also be equipped with RFID tags that are read and generate messages to the administrative hub 10 that may cause nearby doors to be locked to prevent patients from leaving the building or entering restricted areas such as kitchen and maintenance facilities, while avoiding the need to maintain the facility in a heavily supervised or lockdown mode.
With reference to
With the frequent reporting of location information 621, the administrative hub actively monitors the agent's location 624. So long as the agent is still at the location of the disarmed home 625, the system takes no action 626. However, once the agent is no longer at that location, the administrative hub rearms the sensors at the building 627. Also at this time, the agent's phone is reset to original intervals for location reporting 626 and records are created of the time at which sensors were rearmed. If the agent or tradesperson remains in the building beyond a predetermined period of time, such as one or two hours, the administrative hub may request confirmation that the alarms be maintained in their disarmed status and failing confirmation of the need to maintain disarmed status, the alarms would then be reactivated.
Alternatively, the agent may depress another phone button such as 7 at the end of visit to an alarmed property, to create a signal back to the administrative hub to reactivate the home alarm system. Communication between the administrative hub and a home alarm system is typically over a POTS connection, however, an appropriately configured home system may be communicated with by wireless communications or a fixed line IP connection.
While the invention has been explained with respect to particular embodiments, numerous other location aware reporting applications exist, such as reporting to judges or judicial personnel if they are in proximity to monitored offenders, or if monitored offenders are in proximity to their residence, or reporting to parents proximity to residences or physical locations of monitored or registered sex offenders.
All publications, patents, and patent documents are incorporated by reference herein as though individually incorporated by reference. Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed in detail herein, it will be understood that various substitutions and modifications may be made to the disclosed embodiment described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention as recited in the appended claims.
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|U.S. Classification||340/506, 340/539.13, 340/539.1, 455/92, 455/456.1, 340/572.1, 340/6.1, 340/539.16, 340/539.18|
|International Classification||H04W4/02, H04W4/20, H04W4/18, G08B29/00|
|Cooperative Classification||G08B21/0423, G08B21/0286, G08B21/0492, G08B21/0288, H04W4/20, H04W4/02, H04W4/18, G08B21/0211, G08B21/0261, G07C9/00111, G08B21/22, H04L67/18, G08B25/006, G08B25/008, G08B21/0269, G08B21/0272, G08B21/18|
|European Classification||H04W4/02, G08B25/00P, G08B21/04A2, G08B21/04S7, G08B21/02A27, G08B25/00L, G08B21/02A26, G08B21/02A22, G08B21/02A21, G08B21/02A18, G08B21/02A1C, H04W4/20, H04W4/18, G07C9/00B10, G08B21/22, H04L29/08N17|
|8 Jan 2008||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: OMNILINK SYSTEMS, INC., GEORGIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ANINYE, STEVE;RAJALA, YOGANAND;REEL/FRAME:020333/0926;SIGNING DATES FROM 20071221 TO 20071225
|29 Apr 2009||AS||Assignment|
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|10 Jun 2009||AS||Assignment|
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|16 May 2013||AS||Assignment|
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