|Número de publicación||US7556615 B2|
|Tipo de publicación||Concesión|
|Número de solicitud||US 10/238,958|
|Fecha de publicación||7 Jul 2009|
|Fecha de prioridad||12 Sep 2001|
|También publicado como||CA2460063A1, CA2460063C, CN1571685A, CN100349629C, EP1432466A2, EP1432466A4, EP1432466B1, US8900186, US20030050602, US20090157041, US20150051582, WO2003022330A2, WO2003022330A3|
|Número de publicación||10238958, 238958, US 7556615 B2, US 7556615B2, US-B2-7556615, US7556615 B2, US7556615B2|
|Inventores||Ronald J. Pettis, Frank E. Martin, Scott A. Kaestner|
|Cesionario original||Becton, Dickinson And Company|
|Exportar cita||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Citas de patentes (27), Citada por (36), Clasificaciones (25), Eventos legales (2)|
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet|
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/318,913 entitled “Microneedle-Based Pen Devices For Drug Delivery”, filed Sep. 12, 2001, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/318,886 entitled “Microneedle-Based Pen Devices For Drug Delivery And Method”, also filed Sep. 12, 2001, both of said provisional applications being incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates generally to substance delivery pen devices. Specifically, the invention relates to an injection pen device and method that incorporates microneedle systems for the user interface.
Currently, several pen systems are available for subcutaneous substance delivery. These pen systems typically use 31 gauge needles having a length of about 8 mm and are used to deliver the contents of a cartridge, such as insulin, to patients rapidly and as painlessly as possible. Additional details of intradermal drug delivery have been previously described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/835,243, filed Apr. 13, 1999, and Ser. No. 09/417,671 filed Oct. 14, 1999, the entire content of each application being incorporated herein by reference.
Although currently available pen systems utilize designs manufactured to maximize patient comfort, a need exists for a “microneedle” pen system which can offer an inherent advantage in the reduced pain and sensation to the user resulting from the minimal penetration associated with the extremely small microneedles used. Such microneedle drug delivery systems however, require shorter needles, typically less than or equal to 3 mm, and smaller diameters of 34 gauge or less. Such needle lengths and gauges are required due to depth constraints and bevel edge openings, which are required to access only the deep intradermal or shallow subcutaneous tissue space. Simple modification of current pen systems used for subcutaneous delivery is not possible because of severe engineering constraints associated with the size and volume restrictions imposed by the use of microneedles.
Therefore, a need exists to provide a system and method for the incorporation of microneedle systems as the pen outlet, or user interface. As this results in significant changes in the in vitro and in vivo function of the pen system, additional engineering requirements and methods of use are also required for the effective function of the pen device.
An object of the present invention is to provide an injection pen device that incorporates microneedle systems for the user interface.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an injection pen device which has a sufficiently open fluid path to allow ready transport of a liquid or suspension from a cartridge to a microneedle inlet, without requiring excessive pressure or occlusion.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an injection pen device which has a biological interface composed of one or more hollow cannula which can penetrate the stratum corneum and accurately access the desired tissue depth in skin or in the proximity of skin.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an injection pen device which has a biological interface that can transmit a desired fluid volume through the body of the interface into a specified or targeted tissue depth both accurately, with no fluid loss out of tissue to surface or to untargeted tissue, and efficiently, in a manner that is amenable to the device user and recipient.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an injection pen device which has a fluid delivery mechanism that can provide the high pressures necessary for fluid delivery to the dermal or near dermal space, withstand pressure and compression, inherent in the fluid delivery to the targeted tissue space, and is easily activated by the user to deliver the fluid.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an injection pen device which can be maintained in an orientation or configuration with respect to the patient's skin for a sufficient time period to accomplish delivery.
These and other objects are substantially achieved by providing a system and method for a substance delivery pen device which includes a hub assembly, removably engaged with a pen body housing containing a cartridge for holding a substance to be delivered, and a non-compliant and non-compressible plunger at one end of the cartridge driven by a drive mechanism.
The hub assembly has at least one microneedle suitable for deep intradermal or shallow subcutaneous injection of a substance, and a fluid channel suitable for connecting the microneedle and the cartridge. Activation of the drive mechanism causes pressure to be exerted on the plunger in contact with the cartridge causing the contents of the cartridge to flow from the cartridge, through the fluid channel and the at least one microneedle, and into the deep dermal or shallow subcutaneous region of the patient.
The hub assembly can include a microneedle array having one or more microneedles as required by the application and can removably engage the pen body housing through, for example, a threaded assembly or a Luer lock. The hub assembly can further include a mechanism for skin tensioning during or before use of the pen device. The tensioning mechanism can include a number of member combinations, including skin tensioning rings and depth limiting posts located on the skin contact surface of the hub assembly. The hub assembly further includes a mechanism, such as a backend needle, for piercing the septum of the cartridge, and receiving the contents as driven by the plunger. The plunger can be, for example, a rod or circular screw drive, engaged with an actuator used to exert pressure on the plunger through a linear screw drive, a ratcheting means, a spring, air pressure or other mechanical means.
Further objectives and advantages, as well as the structure and function of preferred embodiments will become apparent from a consideration of the following description, drawings and examples.
These and other objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will be more readily appreciated from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
In the drawing figures, it will be understood that like numerals refer to like structures.
For pen delivery devices, various microneedle systems can be incorporated to function both as the drug outlet and the biological interface with the patient or enduser. In the embodiments of the present invention described below, the microdevice pen device includes a single or multineedle-array pen needle head, or hub assembly, that is used as a simple screw-on attachment, adaptable to a variety of currently manufactured pen devices.
The embodiments also incorporate a post and ring configuration in which each cannula of the hub assembly protrudes from a member, such as a post, surrounded by a valley, and is then circumscribed by an additional member, or ring of a height relative to the internal post. This arrangement assists in skin tensioning, limits needle penetration, and allows an area for formation of the intradermal bleb or wheal during injection.
The embodiments also include an improved drug cartridge, which minimizes elastomeric compression through the use of a polytetrafluoroethylene, or PTFE stopper. The embodiments include an improved drive mechanism which further decreases elastomeric compression, increases mechanical advantage, accuracy and perception of individual unit increments, and generates end-of-dose locking capabilities. Still other embodiments utilize improved drive or compression mechanisms.
A diagram of an exemplary hub assembly 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is shown in
A raised skin tensioning member, or ring 12, is located about the contact surface circumference as shown in
The microneedle 14 can include any number of needle gauges, lengths and construction, however, needle gauges less than or equal to 30 gauge (nominal size specification of less than or equal to 0.012 in. outer diameter and 0.004 in. inner diameter) are typically used. The microneedle length is preferably between about 0.3 mm and about 5.0 mm depending upon application. For example, lengths of between about 0.3 and about 2.0 mm are used for intradermal delivery, and lengths between about 2.0 and about 5.0 mm are used for shallow subcutaneous delivery. These values may slightly overlap due to biological variables such that microneedle lengths slightly less than 2.0 mm may be used shallow subcutaneous delivery, and microneedle lengths slightly greater than 2.0 mm may be used for intradermal delivery. The microneedles can include a number of materials, such as stainless steel, silicon or silicon compounds, polymers or plastics. Alternatively, a microneedle pen can utilize larger gauge cannula with appropriate length and bevel characteristics to still maintain accurate fluid instillation to the intradermal space without topical deposition to the skin surface.
As shown in
Proper operation of the pen device requires the backend needle 22 of the hub assembly 10 in
Therefore, the embodiment of assemblies 10 and 40 shown in
When a microneedle system is used for in vivo delivery, such as delivery to an intradermal space, a significant backpressure is encountered due to instillation rate of fluid volume into an essentially sealed or closed space having limited distensibility. This is true even though intradermal delivery of substances, such as medications involve much smaller volumes of liquid, 100 microliters for example, as compared with the volumes used in subcutaneous systems, which can be as large or larger than 500 microliters. The magnitude of backpressure is also proportional to both the instillation rate as well as the volume. This level of pressure is not typically encountered when delivering a substance to the subcutaneous space, which is generally regarded as a region of highly compressible or distensible tissue with a much higher limit for instilled fluid volume. By utilizing a multi-port frontend hub assembly, as shown in
As noted earlier, intradermal delivery via a single 34 gauge microneedle, as shown in
A skin tensioning member, or ring 54, discussed in more detail below, is located about the circumference of the surface 60, and about each limiting post and support hub 52, as shown in
As stated earlier, a significant backpressure is encountered during drug placement due to instillation rate and fluid volume placement into an essentially sealed or closed space. In another embodiment of the present invention, these pressure differentials can be further decreased by the use of microneedles of different lengths in
Additional features, beyond needle specifications, can assist in providing appropriate and efficient penetration of the pen microneedles. The embodiments shown in
In the single needle embodiment shown in
The top view of the hub assembly of
The skin tensioning members of
Other methods of skin tensioning can be incorporated as an alternative to the ring and post system described above. Such methods of skin tensioning can include transiently applying a brief initial vacuum to the injection site, manually or mechanically pulling or stretching the skin, or utilizing a mechanically controlled rapid insertion. For example, ballistic inserters result in brief inertial stiffening of the skin, reducing effective elasticity. These mechanisms can be used either singularly or in combination, or with other techniques readily known to those skilled in the art.
As shown in
In use, a cartridge 68 is located within the delivery pen device 80 and contains a substance to be dispensed. At the end of the cartridge opposite the septum 64, a drug cartridge stopper 70 is in communication with a plunger 72, slidably engaged within the pen body 66 and driven by a known type of drive mechanism 73. The backend needle 42 pierces the drug cartridge septum 64 when the hub assembly 44 is engaged with the pen body 66. The drive mechanism 73 is activated via an external user interface 74, which then causes the plunger 72 to exert a force on the stopper 70. This force moves the stopper 70 within the cartridge 68, forcing the contents of the cartridge toward the exposed end of the backend needle 42, into the fluid pathway 58 and out through the microneedles 50.
Since the in vivo biomechanical requirements for delivery into the intradermal space are significantly different than those for delivery to the subcutaneous space, the physical and mechanical components and mechanisms of pen delivery systems must be considered to insure effective dosage delivery. Particular modifications of the pen structure itself are dictated by the extremely high backpressures generated upon intradermal instillation of even small volumes of fluids.
In particular, systems or components that have the potential for elastomeric compression are not suitable for the microneedle pen systems of
As force per unit area is decreased for larger drug vials or cartridges, a minimal cross sectional cartridge area is preferred for microneedle pen systems as described above. Microneedle pen embodiments typically utilize 1.5 ml insulin-type cartridges, rather than the 3.0 ml versions which are used in other applications. A single unit dose pen for intradermal systems benefits by providing a small diameter dosing cartridge typically having a longer length than larger diameter cartridges. This improves compressive force levels on the fluid bed due to the reduced cartridge cross-sectional area and allows accurate volume quantitation in a manner similar to small volume microliter syringes. Therefore the embodiments of
Additionally, the plunger 72 of the pen device 80 is constructed of a non-compliant and non-compressible material. The material is sufficiently resilient to communicate an appropriate force from the actuator to the stopper 70, however, the plunger 72 will not bend nor tend to be compressed along its axis, leading to “shortening” under the pressures required for operation of the pen. In addition, the end of the plunger 72 in communication with the stopper 70 exerts a substantially even force on the stopper 70 during operation, and prevents leakage from the cartridge around the sides of the stopper or plunger. Suitable materials that fit these requirements include polymeric materials such as rigid plastic materials, and metallic materials such as stainless steel. Additional pen component materials can include metals, plastics, ceramics, and so forth.
Effects of increased pressure also translate to the body and mechanical components of the pen drive mechanism 73, which are also constructed of polymeric components in most current pen devices. For effective delivery, the drive mechanism components must have sufficient strength to translate these forces to the drug reservoir and also to withstand forces translated backward to prevent breakage, malfunction, or other failure. Therefore appropriate materials choices are also necessary in the drive mechanism 73. Typical pen drive mechanisms 73 include circular drive screws, linear drive screws, ratcheting drives, and stored kinetic energy, such as mechanical spring or air pressure.
In the embodiment shown in
As stated above, embodiments of the present invention can incorporate a drive mechanism with minimal elastic compliance of all parts, either singly or together. Other embodiments can incorporate drive mechanisms having well-defined stops, steps or ratchets at each dosing increment to insure dose accuracy. These stops enable ease of use by “locking” the drive in an advanced position, which is especially important to signal end of dose. Still other embodiments utilize a linear or other driving force that confers a significant mechanical advantage when actuated by thumb pressure, or other force generated by the user. Additional embodiments can utilize a mechanical force that can be actuated and forgotten, such as a spring, having a readable gauge to signal end-of-dose.
For embodiments having cartridges that store multiple doses, a unit dose counter 76 can also be incorporated into the device 80 in
With most currently manufactured pen screw drive systems, physical force is applied to the top of the pen to drive an advancing screw. This increases the tendency to push down on the device during use. Reducing downward force levels may be achieved in a number of ways. One solution to eliminate excessive downward force utilizes a user actuated mechanical drive to expel the fluid contents. Another solution utilizes a modified patient contact surface angle.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a user actuated mechanical drive releases stored kinetic energy that is generated in the pen mechanism in a separate step prior to actuation, such as the use of a mechanical spring to actuate fluid flow. The low force spring in the device is able to effectively deliver fluid through both single and multineedle microarrays when used in vitro. Other mechanical means include air pressure generated mechanically, chemically or electromechanically. Mechanical drive systems that have efficient force amplification, such as altering the drive ratio of circular gear drives for physically applied pressure, such as thumb pressure, can also be used.
As described above, pressure generated directly at the site of fluid instillation is another issue unique to microneedle delivery systems that must be considered in the design and manufacture of microneedle pen devices. When tissue immediately above or around the intradermal instillation site is compressed, the already high tissue pressure is increased. This can lead to leakage along the microneedle track, either during administration with needles in situ in tissue, or post administration along the tissue track. In pen based systems, this effect is further exacerbated since the user is trying to maintain a perpendicular orientation of the device to the skin, maintain intimate contact of the microneedles in the tissue, and exert a downward force on the screw drive of the pen to expel the fluid or drug. This effect may be reduced or eliminated by the post and ring components of
Additional reduction of the adverse effects due to excessive pressure can be achieved by angling the patient contact surface of the pen head relative to the axis of the pen device with an offset angle of 0-90 degrees. This reduces the tendency to press too firmly against the tissue face and therefor reduces tissue compression forces. An example of an embodiment of the present invention in which the contact surface of microneedle hub assembly is no longer perpendicular to the center axis of the pen device is shown in
In the hub assembly 82 of
The embodiments described above for a microneedle based pen system for effective drug delivery to the intraepidermal, intradermal, or shallow subcutaneous (hypodermis) space include features such as a sufficiently open fluid paths to allow ready transport of the liquid or suspension from the cartridge reservoir to the microneedle inlet without requiring excessive pressure or occlusion. Also included is a biological interface composed of one or more hollow cannula which can penetrate the stratum corneum, and accurately access the desire tissue depth in skin or in the proximity of skin, and transmit a desired fluid volume through the body of the interface into the specified or targeted tissue space both accurately, with no fluid loss out of tissue to surface or to untargeted tissue, and efficiently, in a manner that is amenable to the device user and recipient.
Other features include a fluid driving mechanism that can overcome the high pressures inherent for fluid delivery to the dermal or near dermal space. A device mechanism, components, and assembly process is provided which withstands the additional physical forces, such as pressure and compression, inherent in the fluid delivery to the targeted tissue space. The device mechanism and configuration which is easily activated by the user to deliver the fluid to the targeted tissue space, can be maintained in an orientation or configuration for a sufficient time period to accomplish the delivery. The delivery pen system described above serves to reduce pain due to instillation, provide better access to the desired tissue space, and provide better or beneficially altered drug pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics.
Although only a few exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of this invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the following claims.
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.||604/117|
|Clasificación internacional||A61M37/00, A61M5/00, A61M, A61M5/32, A61M5/20, A61M5/315, A61M5/42, A61M5/24, A61M5/28|
|Clasificación cooperativa||A61M37/0015, A61M5/28, A61M5/3298, A61M5/288, A61M5/46, A61M5/31548, A61M2037/003, A61M2037/0023, A61M5/32, A61M5/31593, A61M5/425, A61M5/20, A61M5/31568|
|Clasificación europea||A61M37/00M, A61M5/28|
|11 Sep 2002||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: BECTON, DICKINSON AND COMPANY, NEW JERSEY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PETTIS, RONALD J.;MARTIN, FRANK E.;KAESTNER, SCOTT A.;REEL/FRAME:013283/0867
Effective date: 20020911
|7 Ene 2013||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4