|Publication number||US7742982 B2|
|Application number||US 11/871,572|
|Publication date||Jun 22, 2010|
|Filing date||Oct 12, 2007|
|Priority date||Apr 12, 2007|
|Also published as||US8024264, US8271378, US8738515, US20080255975, US20100299246, US20120158575, US20130218751, WO2008127288A1|
|Publication number||11871572, 871572, US 7742982 B2, US 7742982B2, US-B2-7742982, US7742982 B2, US7742982B2|
|Inventors||Anamitra Chaudhuri, Nancy A. Hadenfeldt, Erik Hjermstad|
|Original Assignee||Experian Marketing Solutions, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (56), Non-Patent Citations (14), Referenced by (24), Classifications (12), Legal Events (3)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/923,060 filed on Apr. 12, 2007, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
This disclosure relates generally to financial data processing systems, and more particularly to methods and systems for developing filters to identify thin-file credit records and assess a risk level associated with thin-file credit records.
Various financial service providers provide credit accounts such as mortgages, automobile loans, credit card accounts, and the like, to consumers. Financial service providers typically determine whether or not to offer a particular consumer a credit account and on what terms based upon a credit history acquired by the consumer over a period of time. A consumer credit history may reflect the credit related activities of the consumer, such as taking out loans, making payments, or the like, and may be embodied in a report or score.
However, some consumers have little or no credit history. For example, young people often do not have any credit history. This situation can make it difficult for a financial service provider to determine whether a consumer represents a “good” or “bad” credit risk, even though reaching the consumer before they have a significant credit history may be an effective way to build new business.
Accordingly, systems and methods are disclosed for determining the likelihood of a consumer having a thin-file record (for example, little or no credit record) and assessing a risk level associated with a potential thin-file consumer.
According to one embodiment, a computing system may determine whether existing credit records are either scoreable records or thin-file records. The two groups of records may be analyzed, such that non-credit data variables that correlate or are otherwise related to a likelihood of an individual being a thin-file record are determined. These correlated variables are weighted and combined to generate a multi-level filter. The multi-level filter is configured to provide a score related to a likelihood of an individual having a thin-file record based on non-credit data.
According to another embodiment, a computing system filters thin-file records to determine those having at least one transaction entry. Those thin-file records that have at least one transaction entry are further filtered based on whether the transaction entry is in good standing. Demographic characteristics and non-credit data that correlate with or are otherwise related to being a “good” or “bad” credit risk are determined by comparing the characteristics of those thin-file records having a transaction entry that is “good” with those that are “bad.” A multi-level filter is developed based on these variables that provides a score related to the credit-risk associated with a thin-file record based on non-credit data.
These and additional embodiments are discussed in greater detail below. Numerous other advantages and features of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following detailed description of the invention and the embodiments thereof, from the claims and from the accompanying drawings.
The objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more readily appreciated upon reference to the following disclosure when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples which form a portion of the specification, in which:
Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying figures, wherein like numerals refer to like elements throughout. The terminology used in the description presented herein is not intended to be interpreted in any limited or restrictive manner, simply because it is being utilized in conjunction with a detailed description of certain specific embodiments of the invention. Furthermore, embodiments of the invention may include several novel features, no single one of which is solely responsible for its desirable attributes or which is essential to practicing the inventions herein described.
The computing system 100 includes, for example, a personal computer that is IBM, Macintosh, or Linux/Unix compatible. In one embodiment, the computing system 100 comprises a server, a laptop computer, a cell phone, a personal digital assistant, a kiosk, or an audio player, for example. In one embodiment, the exemplary computing system 100 includes a central processing unit (“CPU”) 105, which may include a conventional microprocessor. The computing system 100 further includes a memory 130, such as random access memory (“RAM”) for temporary storage of information and a read only memory (“ROM”) for permanent storage of information, and a mass storage device 120, such as a hard drive, diskette, or optical media storage device. Typically, the modules of the computing system 100 are connected to the computer using a standards based bus system. In different embodiments, the standards based bus system could be Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), Microchannel, SCSI, Industrial Standard Architecture (ISA) and Extended ISA (EISA) architectures, for example.
The computing system 100 is generally controlled and coordinated by operating system software, such as Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Linux, SunOS, Solaris, or other compatible operating systems. In Macintosh systems, the operating system may be any available operating system, such as MAC OS X. In other embodiments, the computing system 100 may be controlled by a proprietary operating system. Conventional operating systems control and schedule computer processes for execution, perform memory management, provide file system, networking, I/O services, and provide a user interface, such as a graphical user interface (“GUI”), among other things.
In the embodiment of
Thin-file module 150 of the computing system 100 operates to generate filters that are applied to consumer records in a demographic database for determining whether a consumer is likely to be a thin-file record and to define a risk level associated with potential thin-file records, based on demographic data and/or other non-credit data. It is also recognized that other data may be used. The thin-file module 150 further operates to apply these filters to existing and potential customer demographic database records, and to generate reports based on the application of these filters. For example, a report may be generated for a client system 164 that indicates individual consumers or groups of consumers having certain characteristics associated with “good” risk thin-file consumers so that the client system 164 may target marketing efforts to those consumers. Thin-file module 150 and the operations thereof are described in more detail below.
The exemplary computing system 100 includes one or more commonly available input/output (I/O) devices and interfaces 110, such as a keyboard, mouse, touchpad, and printer. In one embodiment, the I/O devices and interfaces 110 include one or more display device, such as a monitor, that allows the visual presentation of data to a user. More particularly, a display device provides for the presentation of GUIs, application software data, and multimedia presentations, for example. The computing system 100 may also include one or more multimedia devices 140, such as speakers, video cards, graphics accelerators, and microphones, for example.
In the embodiment of
In addition to the devices and systems that are illustrated in
Client system 164 may include, for example, a financial service provider or a collection agency. One client system 164 is shown, but any number of clients 164 may communicate with the computing system 100 over the network 160. The client system 164 may provide data related to consumer credit activity, such as opening new accounts, making payments on existing accounts, or the like. In addition to supplying data, client system 164 may further request and/or receive information from the computing system 100. For example, the client system 164 may request information related to thin-file accounts analyzed by the computing system 100.
The network 160 may comprise one or more networks in some embodiments, as described above. The financial data sources 162, client system 164, demographic data sources 166, and any additional data sources may communicate over the same network or over different networks. For example, financial data sources 162 may comprise public data available over the Internet, while the computing system 100 may access demographic data source over a secured LAN. In some embodiments, one of the data sources such as financial data sources 162 comprises multiple sources, and some of the sources are available to computing system 100 over the network 160 while others are accessed via another connection, such as a LAN.
In general, the word “module,” as used herein, refers to logic embodied in hardware or firmware, or to a collection of software instructions, possibly having entry and exit points, written in a programming language, such as, for example, Java, Lua, C or C++. A software module may be compiled and linked into an executable program, installed in a dynamic link library, or may be written in an interpreted programming language such as, for example, BASIC, Perl, or Python. It will be appreciated that software modules may be callable from other modules or from themselves, and/or may be invoked in response to detected events or interrupts. Software instructions may be embedded in firmware, such as an EPROM. It will be further appreciated that hardware modules may be comprised of connected logic units, such as gates and flip-flops, and/or may be comprised of programmable units, such as programmable gate arrays or processors. The modules described herein are preferably implemented as software modules, but may be represented in hardware or firmware. Generally, the modules described herein refer to logical modules that may be combined with other modules or divided into sub-modules despite their physical organization or storage.
Process 200 begins at state 210 where thin-file records are identified. Thin-file records may be identified, for example, within a credit database stored by computing system 100 or available as a financial data source 162 over the network 160. In one embodiment, thin-file records comprise those records which do not include a sufficient amount of credit related data to provide a score or other metric for assessing the credit-worthiness of a consumer associated with that record. For example, consumers that do not have a long credit history, have never had a credit card or a loan, or for whatever reason, do not have sufficient amount of credit data to develop a score may be identified as thin-file records. In some embodiments, thin-file records are those records having either zero transaction entries or one transaction entry, where a transaction entry corresponds to a credit related activity such as applying for a loan or taking out a credit card. In some embodiments, the records relate to a specific country or region.
At state 220, those records identified as being thin-file records and having at least one transaction entry are identified. Thus, at state 220, records within a credit database may be identified as either a scoreable record, a thin-file record having at least one transaction entry, or a thin-file record.
At state 230, a filter is developed to determine the propensity of an individual to be a thin-file record based on demographic data in the records of the credit database. In one embodiment, based on the tracked thin-file records identified at state 210, a filter is developed that, when applied to a set of data in a demographic database, determines whether or not a consumer is likely to be a thin-file record based on non-credit data. At state 240, the filter is applied to a record in a demographic database, for example of a new or potential credit applicant, to determine whether or not the consumer related to that record is likely to be a thin-file record. In other embodiments, the filter is applied to a set of consumer records in a demographic database. In other embodiments, other databases may be used.
The one-entry thin-file records identified at state 220 may also be used to develop a filter at state 250 to assess the risk score of an individual deemed to be a thin-file. For example, those one-entry thin-file records may be filtered to determine whether or not the existing entry represents “good” or “bad” credit activity. The state of being a “good” or “bad” credit risk, or a quantitative representation of credit worthiness along a scale, may be correlated with demographic information or other non-credit data included within the credit record. Thus, a filter may be developed for assessing a risk level that is not dependent on credit information, but rather on demographic data and other information that is likely to be available for a potential applicant from a demographic database. At state 260 the filter developed at state 250 is applied to a record in a demographic database to determine the risk score of an individual deemed to be a thin-file record.
As an example case, the filters developed at state 230 may be used to identify particular demographic groups, such as those people living in a certain area or having certain characteristics, that are likely to be thin-file records. Records corresponding to those groups may be further analyzed by the filter developed at state 250 to determine whether or not they are likely to be “good” credit risks. Thus, for example, a group of people such as those people in a zip code area that is known to have “good” credit consumers living therein may be targeted, for example, for a mailing campaign.
As shown, scoreable record collection 330 comprises scoreable record 301 sorted by a filter at state 320 from credit database 310. Scoreable record collection 330 may identify any number of scoreable records 301.
Thin-file record collection 340 comprises thin-file records 302 a, 302 b, and 302 c filtered from credit database 310 at state 320. Three thin-file records 302 a, 302 b, and 302 c are shown in
In order to develop the thin-file propensity filter 360, records identified by scoreable record collection 330 and records identified by thin-file record collection 340 are compared at state 350. That is, all or a subset of the scoreable records 301 identified by the scoreable record collection 330 are compared with all or a subset of the thin-file records 302 identified by the thin-file record collection 340 at state 350. The scoreable records 301 are compared with thin-file records 302 on the basis of, for example, the demographic information therein. It is determined at state 350 what demographic characteristics or other non-credit data correlates to, is dependent on, or is otherwise related to a record being either a thin-file record 302 or a scoreable record 301. Certain characteristics or variables may be directly related, such as a length of time at a current residence. Other variables may be indirectly related. For example, it may be determined that individuals living within a geographic area having certain characteristics such as a low average income are more likely to have thin-file records. In that case, the thin-file propensity filter 360 may be developed such that the geographic area in which a consumer resides and the characteristics of that area are taken into account. In general, the thin-file propensity filter 360 may apply weights to values of certain characteristics. In addition to those mentioned above, characteristics used to determine whether or not an individual is likely to be a thin-file record may comprise, for example, the individual consumer's percentage of bank cards reported delinquent in a geographic area, the length of residence at the consumer's current residence, the average length of residence for consumers in a certain geographic area, the percentage of households in an area comprising families rather than individuals, the age of the consumer, some combination of these or other characteristics, or the like. In some embodiments, certain characteristics may be excluded even though they are determined to be related. For example, a consumer age may be relevant but removed because certain credit decisions made by a client 164 cannot be dependent on age according to government regulations. Characteristics may be converted into quantitative representations. For example, a characteristic may comprise a consumers' presence in an age group between 18-20 years old, corresponding to a “yes” or “no” value. A quantitative value of “1” or “0” may be assigned to each possibility. The quantitative representations may comprise binary values as described above, some other set of discrete values, or numerical values along a continuous scale. The values are weighted in the filter according to their importance or correlation to the presence or absence of a thin-file condition.
Utilizing a thin-file record collection 340, the thin-file records are filtered at state 355 to identify those thin-file records having one transaction entry. As shown in
At state 370 thin-file records identified by one-entry collection 365 are filtered. Thin-file records 302 a and 302 b are filtered to determine whether or not these records correspond to “good” or “bad” credit risks. Although thin-file records 302 a and 302 b are shown being filtered, all of the records identified by the one-entry collection 365, or a subset of the records identified by the one-entry collection 365, may be filtered. Filtering may comprise a determination of the existing transaction entry for a thin-file record is a “good” risk or a “bad” risk. After it is determined whether or not thin-file records 302 a and 302 b are “good” or “bad” credit risks, they are identified by “good” risk collection 380 or “bad” risk collection 385. In the example shown, “good” risk collection 380 identifies thin-file record 303 b. “Bad” risk collection 385 identifies thin-file record 303 a.
At state 390, the records identified by “good” risk collection 380 and “bad” risk collection 385 are compared. The compared records are used to generate a thin-file risk filter 395. Thin-file risk filter 395 determines the likelihood of a thin-file record being a “good” or “bad” risk based on demographic data or other non-credit data. “Good” risk records 302 b identified by collection 380 are compared with “bad” risk records 302 a identified by collection 385 to determine those demographic or other non-credit characteristics most closely correlated with or otherwise related to being a “good” or “bad” risk. For example, data that may be used to indicate whether or not an applicant is likely to be a “good” credit or “bad” credit risk may comprise the likelihood of individuals in the same geographic area being “good” or “bad” credit risks, the number of credit related accounts or activities certain geographic area engages in, an age group, scores based on such characteristics as average income in a geographic area or purchasing habits of people living in the geographic area, or the like.
Thin-file risk filter 395 may therefore be used to determine, based on demographic characteristics of a potential thin-file applicant stored in a demographic database, whether or not that applicant is likely to be a “good” or a “bad” risk. Thin-file risk filter 395 may, for example, provide a score for a consumer based on the determined characteristics that are significant, and that score may be associated with a certain likelihood that the applicant is a “good” risk. A high score may correspond to a high likelihood of being a “good” risk. For example, the highest possible score for the thin-file risk filter 395 may correspond to a 75% chance of being a “good” risk. The score may be a quantitative representation of the risk associated with a thin-file applicant such as, for example, a credit risk. The scale of the score may be arbitrary or may be aligned with well known credit scoring systems or other scoring systems.
Process 400 begins with potential customer data 410. Potential customer data 410 may reflect, for example, demographic data for a specific applicant or for one or more groups of applicants or potential applicants, such as potential targets for a direct mailing campaign.
Demographic information from potential customer data 410 is provided as an input to the thin-file propensity filter 360 from a demographic database. The thin-file propensity filter 360 is applied to the potential customer data 410 for each consumer to generate a score related to the likelihood of the consumer being a thin-file record based on non-credit data. Based on the score or likelihood determined by the thin-file propensity filter 360, consumer records in potential customer data 410 are identified as either scoreable records or thin-file records. For example, a cut-off score may be determined, and any consumer having a score higher than that value may be determined to be a potential thin-file record 440. In some embodiments, this score is a score for which there is a greater than 50% likelihood that a record is a thin-file record. For those records which are not thin-file records, a potential customer credit score 430 may be determined. Those records that have a score above the predetermined value may comprise known thin-file records 440.
A thin-file risk filter 450 may be applied to potential thin-file records 440 in order to determine the potential customer risk score 460. For example, potential thin-file customer data 440 may comprise demographic information associated with one or more consumers or potential customers obtained from a demographic database. Demographic information may include, for example, the consumer's age, the consumer's residence, the length at that residence, the geographic area surrounding the residence, or some other demographic indicator. The thin-file risk filter may take this demographic information as an input and analyze characteristics that determine if a potential customer is a thin-file risk 460. The thin-file risk filter may directly associate certain geographic data, but may also associate economic indicators associated with certain geographic locations in order to determine a potential customer thin-file risk score 460. Potential customer thin-file risk score 460 may be utilized to determine whether or not to provide an applicant a credit account, or the specific terms associated with an account to offer a potential customer. In other embodiments, a potential customer thin-file risk score 460 may be used to determine whether or not to direct marketing efforts towards a potential customer.
The foregoing description details certain embodiments of the invention. It will be appreciated, however, that no matter how detailed the foregoing appears in text, the invention can be practiced in many ways. As is also stated above, it should be noted that the use of particular terminology when describing certain features or aspects of the invention should not be taken to imply that the terminology is being re-defined herein to be restricted to including any specific characteristics of the features or aspects of the invention with which that terminology is associated.
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|U.S. Classification||705/38, 705/39|
|Cooperative Classification||G06Q40/08, G06Q20/10, G06Q40/00, G06Q40/025, G06Q40/04|
|European Classification||G06Q40/08, G06Q40/00, G06Q40/025, G06Q20/10|
|Nov 29, 2007||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: EXPERIAN INFORMATION SOLUTIONS, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CHAUDHURI, ANAMITRA;HADENFELDT, NANCY A.;HJERMSTAD, ERIK;REEL/FRAME:020177/0142;SIGNING DATES FROM 20071108 TO 20071113
Owner name: EXPERIAN INFORMATION SOLUTIONS, INC.,CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CHAUDHURI, ANAMITRA;HADENFELDT, NANCY A.;HJERMSTAD, ERIK;SIGNING DATES FROM 20071108 TO 20071113;REEL/FRAME:020177/0142
|Jan 27, 2009||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: EXPERIAN MARKETING SOLUTIONS, INC.,ILLINOIS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:EXPERIAN INFORMATION SOLUTIONS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:022185/0650
Effective date: 20081216
|Dec 20, 2013||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4