C Ion D Molecule
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37 PROVISIONAL : PERPETUAL :: VOLUNTARY : A Charitable C Optional B Compulsory D Regular 38 WORD PROCESSOR : TYPEWRITER :: CALCULATOR : A Abacus C Numerals B Arithmetic D Computer 39 ARTERY : ARTERIOLE :: VEIN : A Varicose B Heart valve 40 STRIDENT : SHRILL :: SONOROUS : A Clamorous B Resonant
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C Venule D Vena cava
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41 FURRIER : HIDE :: FARRIER : A Iron B Shoe 42 INGENIOUS: CLEVER :: INFURIATING : A Brainy B Irksome 43 PROD : STAB :: DISOBEY : A Wound B Punish 44 AREA : HECTARE :: DEPTH : A Liter B Furlong 45 FOX : SLYNESS :: OWL : A Night vision B Wisdom 46 NICKEL : QUARTER :: DIME : A Nickel B Penny C Beat D Horse
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PART VIII: PCAT PRACTICE TEST
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C Half-dollar D Dollar
47 ELEVATOR : SKYSCRAPER :: FUNICULAR : A Cathedral C Road B Edi ce D Mountain 48 IMPROVE : DETERIORATE :: IMPRESS : A Decline B Disappoint
C Electrify D Bolster
STOP IF YOU HAVE TIME LEFT OVER, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY
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SECTION 3 BIOLOGY
48 Questions 30 Minutes 1 The number of mitochondria in a particular cell type probably relate to A the size of the cell and the amount of space available B the number of proteins the cell needs to produce C the amount of materials in the cell that need to be degraded and removed D the amount of ATP the cell needs to produce 2 Oncogenic viruses are associated with cancer and are known to become latent as they enter into the host cell s chromosomes Many of these oncogenic viruses are retroviruses In order for a retrovirus to insert into the host cell s chromosomes, it must rst A convert its RNA to DNA C initiate transcription B translate its RNA D recombine with the host cell s chromosomes 3 Endosymbiotic theory explains why mitochondria have their own DNA This theory essentially states that at one point, free living prokaryotic cells were engulfed by another cell, eventually becoming mitochondria The best support for this theory is that A mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles B mitochondrial DNA resembles that of prokaryotic DNA C mitochondria have more than one copy of their DNA D mitochondria are found in multiple copies in each cell 4 The hormones FSH and LH are involved in oogenesis in women When LH surges in the ovarian cycle, what event will result A endometrium proliferation B ovulation C menstruation D corpus luteum degradation 5 Mitochondrial DNA within the cells of a given individual is present in a single copy because it is derived from a single source (the individual s mother) Which of the following processes should not occur within mtDNA A transcription C crossing over and recombination B translation D spontaneous mutation 6 Conjugation is one method bacteria use to pass their antibiotic resistance genes to other bacteria During conjugation, the genes transferred are typically located on the (a) A bacterial chromosome C mRNA B ribosome D plasmid
PART VIII: PCAT PRACTICE TEST
PART VIII: PCAT PRACTICE TEST
7 The repeated use of antibiotics puts selective pressure on bacteria so that the population quickly becomes antibiotic resistant What type of selection is going to occur with this type of selective pressure A arti cial selection C directional selection B stabilizing selection D disruptive selection 8 If a patient has a condition called pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), the heart can become overly stressed PAH can ultimately lead to heart failure Which area of the heart is most likely to be initially affected by increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries A the right and left atria C the right ventricle B the right and left ventricles D the left ventricle 9 When changes occur to DNA, they are often corrected by a proofreading mechanism If the change is not corrected, a permanent mutation is the result This must be the result of which enzyme not functioning properly A helicase C DNA polymerase B ligase D RNA polymerase 10 The strains of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus associated with osteomyelitis (a bone infection) have a variety of cell adhesion molecules called adhesins that help them to attach to and be internalized by osteoblasts These molecules are likely found in which of the following bacterial structures A the nucleoid C the capsule B the ribosomes D spores 11 Cells that perform apoptosis are ultimately able to activate enzymes within the cell that damage and destroy cellular contents Which of the following organelles is most likely to become involved with apoptosis A the endoplasmic reticulum C lysosomes B the Golgi complex D mitochondria 12 Procaine (also known as novocaine) and lidocaine are both drugs used for local anesthesia, and they have similar mechanisms of action The drugs affect neurons in the local areas to which they are applied by preventing the opening of Na+ gated channels in the neurons How would blocking gated Na+ channels prevent the transmission of messages in nerves A If gated Na+ channels are blocked, Na+ concentrations remain higher inside the neuron than outside of the neuron B If gated Na+ channels are blocked, the neuronal membrane cannot depolarize C Blocking Na+ channels would prevent the Na+/K+ pumps from properly functioning D Blocking Na+ channels would prevent neurotransmitters from binding to receptors at the synapse
13 Drugs such as AZT and ddI are nucleoside analogs used in HIV-infected patients Both are chemically modi ed versions of the nucleotides that make up DNA and RNA These modi ed nucleotides interfere with normal replication and transcription The most important goal of these drugs would be A to prevent the replication of host cell DNA so that the host cell cannot function B to prevent the transcription of host cell RNA so that no proteins can be expressed C to prevent the viral nucleic acid from entering the host cells D to prevent replication of the viral genome 14 When a certain bacterium encounters the antibiotic tetracycline, the antibiotic molecule enters the cell and attaches to a repressor protein This keeps the repressor from binding to the bacterial DNA that allows certain genes to be transcribed These genes code for enzymes that break down tetracycline This set of genes is best described as A an operator C a repressible operon B an inducible operon D a regulator 15 In Mendel s experiments with the pea plant, the gene for height exists in two allelic forms designated T for tall stature and t for short stature In the second generation of a cross between a homozygous tall parent (TT) and a homozygous short parent (tt), the phenotypic ratio of dominant to recessive pea plants is A 1:1 C 3:1 B 2:1 D 4:1 16 The regulation of water and sodium levels in the nephrons is adjusted in two regions of the kidneys where water and sodium can be reabsorbed from the nephron and returned to circulation Those regions are the A proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule B the loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule C the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct D the proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle 17 Suppose plasma levels of carbon dioxide are elevated On a cellular level, where does this carbon dioxide come from A It is produced during protein synthesis B It is a by-product of nucleic acid metabolism C It is a by-product of glucose metabolism D It is produced as a direct conversion from oxygen gas in the cells 18 The genes for antibiotic resistance are often carried on bacterial plasmids These plasmids can be transferred from one bacterium to another The most likely method for plasmid transfer would be A transduction C conjugation B transformation D binary ssion