ANNALS OF EUGENICS about the rise of the eugenics movement in Britain and the United States in the first decades of the century. Those in the movement were largely middle- to upper-middle class, white Anglo-Saxon Protestant, and educated. They celebrated the qualities of the Nordic or Anglo-Saxon "race" and disparaged others who threatened their nationsO "racial strength.O They believed, as did Francis Galton, the British pioneer eugenicist, that intelligence was inherited. The main eugenics research center in Britain was the Galton Laboratory for National Eugenics at University College, London, directed by Karl Pearson. In the United States, it was the Eugenics Record Office, a privately funded center, directed by Charles B. Davenport, at Cold Spring Harbor, New York. The two organizations for eugenics advocates were the Eugenics Education Society, in Britain, and the American Eugenics Society, in the U.S. The movement's members believed in two approaches: OpositiveO eugenics, whose aim was to foster prolific breeding among the socially meritorious, and "negativeO eugenics, whose aim was to encourage the socially disadvantaged to breed less or not at all. Intelligence testing began early in the century and was then used in the U.S. Army in World War I. After that, it was employed on a larger scale, especially to detect feeblemindedness. Lengthy account of sterilization of criminals and feebleminded persons. Eugenics advocates were a factor in the U.S. immigration bill that was passed in the nineteen-twenties, limiting Eastern and Southern European immigration. Describes the marriage and sterilization laws in the United States and a Virginia test case involving a sterilization by the state. It was upheld by the Supreme Court.