scientist. built first microscope. called cells cellula which means "little room" in Latin.
antonie van leeuwenhoek
dutch shopkeeper. produced lenses that could magnify 300x their size. first to look at living cells
conclusion that all plant tissues are composed of cells and that an embryonic plant always arises from a single cell.
by schwann in 1839
1. all organisms consist of one or more cells.
2. the cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms
3. all cells arise only from preexisting cells
study of our understanding of cellular funtion.
techniques include: ultracentrifugation, chromatography, electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry
allowed cytologists to identify membrane bounded structures such as the nuclei, mitochondria and chloroplasts
limit of resolution
refers to how far apart adjacent objects must be in order to be distinguished as seperate entities. the smaller this is the greater the resolving power of the microscope.
powerful method that enables researchers to detect specific proteins, DNA sequences or particular molecules by binging them to a fluorestently anitbody
in germany in 1932 then widespread in 1950's
uses a beam of electrons that is deflected and focused by an electromagnetic field
limit of resolution is better than of light microscope
Wohler- urea could be synthesized from ammonium cyanate
Louis Pasteur- living organisms to specific processes
separating and isolating subcellular structures and macromolecules based on their size, shape and/or density. process called subcellular fractionation.
refers to several related techniques that use an electrical field to separate molecules based on their mobility