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Abstract and Applied Analysis
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 730804, 13 pages
The Numerical Solution of the Bitsadze-Samarskii Nonlocal Boundary Value Problems with the Dirichlet-Neumann Condition
1Department of Mathematics, Fatih University, 34500 Istanbul, Turkey
2Department of Mathematics, International Turkmen-Turkish University, 74400 Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
3Department of Mathematics, Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
Received 19 March 2012; Accepted 1 May 2012
Academic Editor: Valery Covachev
Copyright © 2012 Allaberen Ashyralyev and Elif Ozturk. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
We are interested in studying the stable difference schemes for the numerical solution of the nonlocal boundary value problem with the Dirichlet-Neumann condition for the multidimensional elliptic equation. The first and second orders of accuracy difference schemes are presented. A procedure of modified Gauss elimination method is used for solving these difference schemes for the two-dimensional elliptic differential equation. The method is illustrated by numerical examples.
Methods of solution of the Bitsadze-Samarskii nonlocal boundary value problems for elliptic differential equations have been studied extensively by many researchers (see [1–22] and the references given therein).
Let be the unit open cube in with boundary . In , the Bitsadze-Samarskii-type nonlocal boundary value problem for the multidimensional elliptic equation is considered. Here , and are given smooth functions, , is a positive number, and is the normal vector to . We are interested in studying the stable difference schemes for the numerical solution of the nonlocal boundary value problem (1). The first and second orders of accuracy difference schemes are presented. The stability and almost coercive stability of these difference schemes are established. A procedure of modified Gauss elimination method is used for solving these difference schemes in the case of two-dimensional elliptic partial differential equations.
2. Difference Schemes: The Stability and Coercive Stability Estimates
The discretization of problem (1) is carried out in two steps. In the first step, let us define the grid sets We introduce the Hilbert space and of the grid functions defined on , equipped with the norms To the differential operator generated by problem (1), we assign the difference operator by the formula acting in the space of grid functions , satisfying the conditions for all and for all . Here, is an approximation to . It is known that is a self-adjoint positive definite operator in . With the help of , we arrive at the nonlocal boundary value problem for an infinite system of ordinary differential equations. In the second step, we replace problem (2.4) by the first and second orders of accuracy difference schemes To formulate our result on well-posedness, we will give definition of and . Let be the linear space of mesh functions with values in the Hilbert space . We denote normed space with the norm and normed space with the norm
Theorem 2.1. Let and be sufficiently small positive numbers. Then, the solutions of difference schemes (2.5) and (2.6) satisfy the following stability and almost coercive stability estimates Here, and do not depend on,,, and ,.
Proofs of Theorems 2.1 and 2.2 are based on the symmetry properties of operator defined by formula (2.3) and on the following formulas: for difference scheme (2.5), and for difference scheme (2.6). Here, and on the following theorem on the coercivity inequality for the solution of the elliptic difference problem in .
Theorem 2.3 (see ). For the solution of the elliptic difference problem the following coercivity inequality holds: where does not depend on and .
Note that we have not been able to obtain sharp estimate for the constants figuring in the stability estimates. Hence, in the following section, we study difference schemes (2.5) and (2.6) by numerical experiments.
3. Numerical Results
For the numerical result, we consider the nonlocal boundary value problem for the elliptic equation. The exact solution of (3.1) is For the approximate solution of the nonlocal boundary Bitsadze-Samarskii problem (3.1), we consider the set of a family of grid points depending on the small parameters and Firstly, applying difference scheme (2.5), we present the first order of accuracy difference scheme for the approximate solution of problem (3.1) is Then, we have an system of linear equations and we will write them in the matrix form where and is an identity matrix and where , Here, So, we have a second-order difference equation with respect to matrix coefficients. To solve this difference equation, we have applied a procedure of modified Gauss elimination method for difference equation with respect to matrix coefficients. Hence, we seek a solution of the matrix equation in the following form: where are square matrix and are column matrix and is the zero matrix and is the zero matrix. Secondly, applying difference scheme (2.6), we present the following second order of accuracy difference scheme for the approximate solutions of problem (3.1): So, we have again an system of linear equations and we will write in the matrix form where where and .
Here, Thus, we have a second-order difference equation with respect to matrix coefficients. To solve this difference equation, we have applied the same procedure of modified Gauss elimination method (3.10) for difference equation with respect to matrix coefficients with Now, we will give the results of the numerical analysis. The errors computed by of the numerical solutions for different values of and , where represents the exact solution and represents the numerical solution at . Table 1 gives the error analysis between the exact solution and solutions derived by difference schemes for , 40, and 60, respectively.
In this work, the first and second orders of accuracy difference schemes for the approximate solution of the Bitsadze-Samarskii nonlocal boundary value problem for elliptic equations are presented. Theorems on the stability estimates, almost coercive stability estimates, and coercive stability estimates for the solution of difference schemes for elliptic equations are proved. The theoretical statements for the solution of these difference schemes are supported by the results of numerical examples. The second order of accuracy difference scheme is more accurate comparing with the first order of accuracy difference scheme. As a future work, high orders of accuracy difference schemes for the approximate solutions of this problem could be established. Theorems on the stability estimates, almost coercive stability estimates, and coercive stability estimates for the solution of difference schemes for elliptic equations could be proved.
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