GJ-tubes (Transgastric feeding tubes) are similar to G-tubes in that they provide a way to deliver nutrition to a person who is unable to ingest their daily nutritional requirements orally. This type of feeding tube uses the same stoma created by the G-tube if the patient has already been using a feeding tube. No further surgical procedures are needed to switch to this type of tube. (That's the good news!) They are called GJ-tubes because there are two separate routes included inside the feeding tube. One route is delivered into the stomach. The other route is delivered into the small intestines (also known as the jejunum, hence the "J").
A person might need a combination tube like this if their stomach can only handle small amounts of formula, medication, or water. Megan can only handle her medications and water amounts in her "G" port. She receives her formula feeding through her "J" port. Physicians may also elect to prescribe a GJ-tube for a patient even if the person cannot digest anything through their stomach because the "G" port can also serve as a way to minimize air build-up in the stomach. The "G" port would allow a person with this problem to "burp" easier.
Because the "J" part of the feeding tube is threaded into the jejunum, GJ-tubes are placed in the x-ray department of your medical facility under flouroscopy (this is like a video x-ray machine). The "J" portion of the feeding tube that is inserted into the body is much longer because it has to be threaded through the stomach and then a bit further into the small intestines to prevent it from retracting back into the stomach. The nutrition totally bypasses the stomach and directly enters the small intestines instead.
|This is a Low Profile GJ-tube in its entirety. There are two holes in the tube just below the "balloon" that release contents into the stomach. Then, there are two holes in the end of the tube that release contents into the intestines.|
This type of GJ-tube also requires the use of the syringes, feeding bags, and extensions mentioned in the All About G-tubes post.
If a person had a G-tube to begin with, the formula used for nutrition will probably change when this new tube is placed. Megan was switched from Pediasure to Peptamen Jr. There is also a version of the Peptamen for adults. This is because the new formula is more elemental, broken down into smaller units chemically. Normally, when food is ingested the stomach produces gastric juices that breaks nutrients down to start the digestion process. Since the J-tube bypasses the stomach, the formula needs to be partially digested for the small intestines to be able to process it.
Additionally, the formula may no longer be fed in "boluses," larger amounts that represent a mealtime. The small intestines do not have the capacity to hold large amounts of formula until it can be absorbed and used nutritionally. This is ultimately the stomach's job. The stomach is supposed to be the holding tank and the intestines are to take and use the nutrients in the speed they are able to digest them.
Therefore, the speed at which a person can be fed into the J-tube is much slower. When Megan had her G-tube, we could feed her six ounces of formula within about a five minute period. Her stomach was slow to empty and we fed her each "meal" five hours apart. When she got her J-tube the fastest rate we were able to feed her was about three ounces per hour, or 90-100ml per hour. When spaced evenly over the hour, this breaks down to be about 5-8ml every five minutes. When the Dr. told me this, my first thought was, "You mean I have to feed her a teaspoon of formula every five minutes all day long?" The Dr. said, "Yes, but no. The feeding pump that you use during the night will be used during the day now."
Megan needed 1000ml per day of the new formula (33oz). The Dr. prescribed her pump to run at a rate of 100ml per hour. So, she would be "hooked up" to the feeding pump for about 10 hours per day. We were given the choice as to which time we started feeding her. We decided that we could call her morning medication regimen "breakfast" and chose to start her "lunch/dinner" at 12:00pm because that is when lunch begins at school. Megan would be able to start her feeding the same time as her peers and finish around 10:00pm.
Wait a second! "If Megan's pump only has a battery life of about two hours, will she be chained to a power outlet all day? That would suck." Luckily, the Dr.'s answer was that there was a feeding pump that was a small device that charged while it was placed in its base on an IV pole during the night and the battery lasted about 12 hours. We could take the pump and feeding bag and place them into a backpack that could sit on the floor near the couch or hang on the back of her wheelchair if she was at school or out in the community with the rest of the family. The Dr. said that she would contact the medical equipment company and let them know to change our Kangaroo pump that was stationary with this new Kangaroo Pet pump.
|Backpack shown with pump||Pump shown as larger image|
Whew, what a relief that was.
(In my experience, it is easier to accidently pull this tube out than the "button" style. I experienced it twice-OOPS). Megan got her GJ-tube right before the "button" style GJ-tubes were being introduced. As soon as they were introduced, we switched models right away. Didn't want any more oopsies.
If this tube is accidentally pulled out or breaks, the parent cannot replace it at home. The parent is only able to place their regular G-tube kit and call their physician for an order to place a new GJ-tube in your flouroscopy lab. This is a major hassle. If the tube comes out over the weekend, the person may need to be hospitalized for fluids until they can get a new one placed in flouroscopy, especially if they are unable to tolerate any G-tube feeds at all.
Megan has a clinic that she visits every six months for "check-ups" with the Neurologist, Developmental Pediatrician, Orthopedic Doctor, Pulmonologist, and any rehab therapists we have questions for. This is usually a morning appointment and we schedule a GJ-tube change in the afternoon on these clinic days twice a year. It is necessary to change them out every six to nine months because the bodily fluids are hard on the tubing on the inside. We do not want the bodily fluids to break the tubing down or apart. It would take surgery to remove any "spare pieces" of the tube if they are left in the body. We have not had any problems of this sort with her GJ-tubes throughout the years using this schedule. Until last Friday Evening, that is!
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