It has been recently discovered that the Ruby on Rails (RoR) environment suffer from certain parser vulnerabilities. The CVE-IDs associated with these vulnerabilities are CVE-2013-0155, CVE-2013-0156.
Both of the issues stem from RoR parser vulnerabilities. The handling of complex objects representations such as XML and JSON serialization formats, fails to address some scenarios raises several security issues.
What are the vulnerabilities mentioned?
In essence, the RoR parser can be told by the attacker to automatically instantiate complex objects of the YAML and Symbol type. These complex object instantiation may involve evaluating some arbitrary, attacker controlled, Ruby code. Some sources report they were able to abuse this vulnerability to run some arbitrary operating system (OS) commands. This means once the attacker can basically own the server completely.
This vulnerability is Generic in the sense that it’s not related to a specific application running on top of RoR, but to the RoR infrastructure itself.
An example could be found on Rapid7’s blog.
Using JSON, an attacker can pass an array instead of the expected atomic type such as an integer or a string.
Abusing that vulnerability, the attacker can smuggle a NULL in one of the array elements, and bypass an application specific “IS NULL” check designed for atomic types, because the array contains other values besides the null.
Note that this vulnerability exploitation is very specific to the context of the application itself.
An example could be found on the Ruby On Rails Google Group here.
How to stay safe
In order to stay on the safe side of the lake, you should always harden your application from any unused capabilities in order to lower the risk.
A few steps to consider:
- Profile your application; only allow actions that are explicitly required. For example, if your application does not use XML/JSON, simply don’t allow that traffic. A WAF should have a capability to block access against “Unauthorized Request Content Type” with respect to the application profile.
- Blocking the creation of YAML or Symbol type in web messages. A simple WAF rule would stop that activity.
- For CVE-2013-0155 the logic is to simply to disallow null values to the specific vulnerable array parameters.
The Ruby on Rails vulnerabilities discovery prove the importance of White List security in the Web application world. These issues show the importance of only allowing what is specifically permitted and then specifically precluding known bad input values.
Authors & Topics: