Scripps Florida Scientists Unravel the Molecular Secret of Short, Intense Workouts
Source Newsroom: Scripps Research Institute
Newswise — JUPITER, FL, June 5, 2014 – In the last few years, the benefits of short, intense workouts have been extolled by both researchers and exercise fans as something of a metabolic panacea capable of providing greater overall fitness, better blood sugar control and weight reduction—all of it in periods as short as seven minutes a few times a week.
Now, in a new study, scientists from the Florida campus of The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) confirm that there is something molecularly unique about intense exercise: the activation of a single protein.
The study, published recently by The EMBO Journal, revealed the effects of a protein known as CRTC2.
The scientists were able to show that following high-intensity exercise, which enlists the sympathetic nervous system’s “fight or flight” response, CRTC2 integrates signals from two different pathways—the adrenaline pathway and the calcium pathway, to direct muscle adaptation and growth only in the contracting muscle.
Using mice genetically modified to conditionally express CRTC2, the scientists showed that molecular changes occurred that emulated exercised muscles in the absence of exercise.
“The sympathetic nervous system gets turned on during intense exercise, but many had believed it wasn’t specific enough to drive specific adaptations in exercised muscle,” said Michael Conkright, PhD, a TSRI assistant professor who led the study. “Our findings show that not only does it target those specific muscles, but it improves them—the long-term benefits correlate with the intensity of the workout.”
In the genetically altered animal models, this resulted in a muscle size increase of approximately 15 percent. Metabolic parameters, indicating the amount of fuel available to the muscles, also increased substantially—triglycerides went up 48 percent, while glycogen supplies rose by a startling 121 percent.
In an exercise stress test, the genetically altered animals improved 103 percent after the gene was activated, compared to an 8.5-percent improvement in normal animals.
“If you think of the adrenaline system as something that mobilizes resources when you encounter, say, a bear on your way to work, what we found is that the system also gets you ready for your next bear encounter,” Conkright said.
The new findings open the door to a range of potential exercise enhancements.
“Nothing can supplant exercise; however, just by activating one protein, we clearly improved performance in animal models,” said Staff Scientist Nelson E. Bruno, MD, PhD, the first author of the study and a member of the Conkright laboratory. “We are now searching for molecular therapeutics that will activate the CRTC2 protein so that even an average exercise routine could potentially be enhanced and made more beneficial.”
In addition to Conkright and Bruno, other authors of the study, “Creb Co-Activators Direct Anabolic Responses and Enhance Performance of Skeletal Muscle,” include Kimberly A. Kelly, Richard Hawkins, Mariam Bramah-Lawani, Antonio L. Amelio, Jerome C. Nwachukwu and Kendall Nettles of TSRI. The study can be accessed at http://emboj.embopress.org/content/33/9/1027
The research was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01 DK081491) and by the State of Florida.
About The Scripps Research Institute
The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) is one of the world's largest independent, not-for-profit organizations focusing on research in the biomedical sciences. TSRI is internationally recognized for its contributions to science and health, including its role in laying the foundation for new treatments for cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, hemophilia, and other diseases. An institution that evolved from the Scripps Metabolic Clinic founded by philanthropist Ellen Browning Scripps in 1924, the institute now employs about 3,000 people on its campuses in La Jolla, CA, and Jupiter, FL, where its renowned scientists—including three Nobel laureates—work toward their next discoveries. The institute's graduate program, which awards PhD degrees in biology and chemistry, ranks among the top ten of its kind in the nation. For more information, see www.scripps.edu.