MARCI2-2a -- MARCI Bands 3(600nm) / 1 (425 nm) / 6 (260 nm) and MOC WA (650nm/425 nm) composite|
|MARCI2-2b -- Oblique perspective view of MARCI 3-band color [1 (425nm)/ 2 (500 nm) / 3 (600 nm)]|
All images credit: NASA/JPL/Malin Space Science Systems
As part of the checkout of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) payload after the 10 March 2006 orbit insertion, the Mars Color Imager (MARCI) acquired a seven band color wide angle view of Mars on 24 March 2006. Illustrated here are some of these test images. Note that the linear banding seen in these images are artifacts resulting from incomplete removal of the detector pixel to pixel variations. Such deviations from ground testing calibration are an important reason for taking checkout images.
In the first figure (MARCI2-2a), three views acquired by MRO MARCI are compared to a color composite of two views acquired about 4 hours later by the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC). MRO imaging occurred during the early morning on Mars, while the MGS observations were made at around 2 PM local solar time. The region of Mars imaged by MRO on this day was south of the Valles Marineris and includes the large Argyre Basin, its interior plains, Argyre Planitia, and the mountains that comprise the basin rim, Nereidum Montes to the northwest (middle of images) and Charitum Montes to the southeast (bottom of images).
The ultraviolet (UV) image (260 nm in MARCI2-2a) shows how the planet appears in an ozone absorption band. Relatively darker areas in this band normally will indicate the presence of ozone, and relatively lighter areas will indicate the absence of ozone. Water vapor on Mars is anticorrelated with ozone, meaning that lighter areas can be used to track water vapor. The term "relatively" is used here because Mars itself is very dark in the UV owing to absorption of UV light by iron-bearing minerals, and sunlight is deficient in UV relative to visible light, so in general Mars will always look dark in the UV. A second UV band on MARCI (not shown in the figure above) at a longer wavelength allows these differences to be quantified. The MOC wide angle image shows wispy, light water-ice clouds to the northwest of Argyre in the afternoon, but we cannot as yet correlate these clouds with the UV information (especially because the times of day are different). When in its final mapping orbit, MRO will view the same area as MGS separated by only 1 hour, and such correlations will be much more direct.
The second picture (MARCI2-2b), shows a color composite made from the MARCI red, green, and blue bands. It differs from the MOC wide angle color composite because, to create a color image with MOC data, we synthesize (fake) a green channel by adding the red and blue channels together and dividing by two. The slightly greenish tint of the MARCI image shows that the approximation used for MOC images underestimates the amount of green. Further calibration will be needed before a "true" color image—as it would appear to a human eye looking down from orbit—can be reconstructed from the MARCI data.
The pictures shown here are the first views of Mars acquired by the MRO MARCI. This is a re-flight of a similar instrument that was aboard the Mars Climate Orbiter, which was lost in September 1999 during its orbit insertion activity. In the primary science phase of the MRO mission, MARCI will routinely acquire daily global maps of the planet. These data will be used to help track storms, monitor clouds and water vapor, and track seasonal changes in surface albedo (bright and dark) patterns and the polar caps.
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Malin Space Science Systems built and operates the MARCI onboard MRO at its facilities in San Diego, California. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory operates the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft with its industrial partner, Lockheed Martin Astronautics, from facilities in Pasadena, California, and Denver, Colorado.
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