PowerPoint Presentation: 1 PowerPoint Presentation: 2 FOLIC ACID ( B9) PowerPoint Presentation: Folic acid (also known as folate , vitamin M , vitamin B9 (or folacin ), pteroyl- L-glutamic acid , pteroyl- L-glutamate , and pteroylmonoglutamic acid are forms of the water-soluble vitamin B9 . PowerPoint Presentation: Folic acid is itself not biologically active, but its biological importance is due to tetrahydrofolate and other derivatives after its conversion to dihydrofolic acid in the liver PowerPoint Presentation: Folate and folic acid derive their names from the Latin word folium (which means "leaf"). Leafy vegetables are principal sources of folic acid, PowerPoint Presentation: 6 it is also known as folacin or folate. it is water soluble vitamin . it is yellow crystalline substance. PowerPoint Presentation: Chemically it consists of pteridine, para-aminobenzoic acid, and glutamate (Pte-GLU). Additional glutamate groups may be added via the γ-carboxylate group, resulting in polyglutamates (PteGLUn). Folic acid can occur in the reduced or the oxidized form, FOLLIC ACID: FOLLIC ACID 8 PowerPoint Presentation: 9 PowerPoint Presentation: 10 Folic acid structure: Folic acid structure Sources: Sources Certain foods are very high in folate: Leafy vegetables such as spinach , asparagus , turnip greens , lettuce and some Asian vegetables [ Legumes such as dried or fresh beans , peas and lentils Egg yolk PowerPoint Presentation: Baker's yeast Fortified grain products (pasta, cereal, bread); some breakfast cereals (ready-to-eat and others) are fortified with folate Sunflower seeds Liver and liver products contain high amounts of folate Kidney VITAMIN B9 (Folic Acid): VITAMIN B 9 (Folic Acid) SOURCES Liver Yeast Kidney Green leafy vegetables Meat Fish RDA: 100 microgm/day Absorption & excretion: 17 Absorption & excretion It is readily absorbed in the jejunum & ileum of small intestine . storage – liver. Excretion –through feces and urine COENZYME FORMS OF FOLIC ACID:: COENZYME FORMS OF FOLIC ACID: Tetrahydrofolic acid, FH 4 : Folinic acid: Rhizopterin: METABOLIC ROLE (ONE CARBON METABOLISM):: METABOLIC ROLE (ONE CARBON METABOLISM): FH4 is the coenzyme form of folic acid and it acts as coenzyme in transfer and utilization of one carbon moiety [C 1 ] One Carbon Donor and Acceptor Compounds: PowerPoint Presentation: One carbon donor group One carbon acceptor group Formimino group of formimino glu [from his]. N-formyl methionine of transfer-RNA. Methyl group of methionine . Glycine to form serine. Methyl group of methionine . Glycine to form serine. Methyl group of thymine. Uracil to form thymine. -carbon of serine. Ethanolamine to form choline. Gly , trp , ALA and acetone, Positions 2 and 8 of purine ring. Histidine synthesis. FOLATE ANTAGONISTS:: FOLATE ANTAGONISTS: SULFONAMIDES TRIMETHOPRIM: PYRIMETHAMINE: AMINOPTERIN AND AMETHOPTERIN: Methotraxate PowerPoint Presentation: Antifolates Folate is important for cells and tissues that rapidly divide Cancer cells divide rapidly, and drugs that interfere with folate metabolism are used to treat cancer. PowerPoint Presentation: It is especially important in aiding rapid cell division and growth , such as in infancy and pregnancy. Children and adults both require folic acid to produce healthy red blood cells and prevent anemia PowerPoint Presentation: Folate is a coenzyme for single carbon transfers (addition or subtraction of a single carbon molecule). This is critical for DNA metabolism. A folate coenzyme is necessary to synthesize nucleotides from their components, in order to make DNA as well as RNA. PowerPoint Presentation: A folate coenzyme is also necessary for the synthesis of the amino acid methionine. Methionine is part of the chain of reactions leading to the production of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe;( SAMe is a methyl donor). PowerPoint Presentation: Folate is therefore necessary for reactions that involve methylation,many of which are critical to cell function and survival. PowerPoint Presentation: Deficiency can result in many health problems, the most notable one being neural tube defects in developing embryos. PowerPoint Presentation: Common symptoms of folate deficiency include diarrhea, macrocytic anemia with weakness or shortness of breath, nerve damage with weakness and limb numbness ( peripheral neuropathy pregnancy complications, mental confusion, PowerPoint Presentation: forgetfulness or other cognitive declines, mental depression, sore or swollen tongue, peptic or mouth ulcers, headaches, heart palpitations, irritability, and behavioral disorders. Low levels of folate can also lead to homocysteine accumulation PowerPoint Presentation: DNA synthesis and repair are impaired and this could lead to cancer development Daily requirement: 31 Daily requirement Men – women – 100 mcg Children – 80 mcg. Infant – 25 mcg pregnant women – 400mcg DEFICIENCY : 32 DEFICIENCY Anemia – often occurs in pregnant women and also children skin – loss of hair, grayish brown skin pigmentation can also occur. Nervous – mental depression & fatigue. ORAL- severe ulcerative stomatitis may be seen. swelling & redness of lips. Folic acid function: Folic acid function PowerPoint Presentation: Hair & Skin – it is essential for the health of skin & hair Pregnancy – it is an important nutrient for the pregnant women & her developing fetus.& folic acid improves the lactation. Folic Acid Deficiency: Folic Acid Deficiency Deficiency causes : Sensations of weakness Numbness and tingling of fingers and toes Ulcers in the mouth Sore tongues Feelings of weakness : FUNCTIONS: 37 FUNCTIONS Formation of RBC – folic acid in combination with vitamin B12 is essential for formation, and maturation of RBCs DEFICIENCY:: DEFICIENCY: It is the most common vitamin deficiency observed primarily in pregnant women, lactating mother , women on OCPs and alcoholics. In pregnancy decreased absorption and increased clearance is the cause. Anaemia: macrocytic type FIGLU test - to detect folate deficiency. PowerPoint Presentation: Folacin = Folate = Folic acid Deficiency causes neural tube defects – in utero 39 PowerPoint Presentation: The antifolate methotrexate is a drug often used to treat cancer because it Inhibits the production of the active form of THF from the inactive dihydrofolate (DHF PowerPoint Presentation: SUMMARY 43 PowerPoint Presentation: FUNCTIONS: The active form of folic acid is Tetrahydrofolate.It acts as coenzymes in various bio-chemical reactions. BIOCHEMISTRY PEARLS : 45 BIOCHEMISTRY PEARLS Folate (folic acid) is an essential vitamin that, in its active form of tetrahydrofolate, transfers 1-carbon groups to intermediates in metabolism and plays an important role in DNA synthesis. PowerPoint Presentation: THF is necessary for the de novo synthesis of purines and the conversion of deoxyuridine 5’-monophosphate (dUMP) to deoxythymidine 5’-monophosphate (dTMP). The major metabolic perturbation in folate deficiency occurs in megaloblastic anemia.