Stavropol, city and administrative centre of Stavropol kray (territory), southwestern Russia, situated on the Stavropol Upland near the source of the Grachovka River. It was founded in 1777 as a fortress. Although it was at first a major route and administrative centre, the city was later bypassed by the Rostov–Baku railway, and its original functions declined. Between 1935 and 1943 the city was known as Voroshilovsk. Today Stavropol’s main importance is in processing farm produce from its fertile hinterland, especially flour milling, wine making, and meat-packing; machine building and the chemical and clothing industries are also important. An attractive city with tree-lined streets laid out on a grid pattern, Stavropol has medical, agricultural, linguistic, and teacher-training institutes and a research institute for sheep and goat husbandry. Pop. (2006 est.) 358,399.