It defined as the depth of foundation is less than or equal to Breadth of foundation. Shallow foundations are generally for 2 to 3m depth
Transcript of "types of Foundations with animated sketches"
S V GIRI BABU
► To know the construction of foundation
► To know the different types foundations
► To know which type of foundation is suitable for
different types soils.
Every structure consists of two parts:
Sub-structure or foundation and
Foundation : It is the lowest part of a structure which is
constructed below the ground level.
The function of foundation is to transmit the
weight of super structure to the sub soil.
TYPES OF FOUNDATIONS
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (D<= B)
TYPES OF FONDATIONS
MAT OR RAFT
2. DEEP FONDATIONS
SAND OR PEIECES OF
It is provided under columns to transfer the load safely to
These footings may be slab, stepped or sloped ones.
A combined footing is the one which supports two columns and it may
be rectangular or trapezoidal in plan.
The aim is to get uniform pressure distribution under the footing. For
this the center of gravity of the footing area should coincide with the
center of gravity of the combined loads of the two columns.
Combined footings are used in the following situations:
When the columns are very near to each other so that their footings
When the bearing capacity of the soil is less, requiring more area
under individual footing.
When the end column is near a property line so that its footing canot
spread in that direction.
► It is most suitable foundation when the soil at the
site proposed for the construction of a structure is
erratic, soft clay, made up ground or marshy land
with low bearing capacity.
► Mat foundation is constructed of RCC slab
covering the whole area of the bottom of the
structure. The slab is provided with steel
reinforcing bars in both directions. When column
loads are heavy, the main beams and secondary
beams are provided monolithically with raft slab.
R C C SLAB
SECTION ALONG AA
Pile foundation is more commonly used in building
Pile foundations are used in the following situations:
The load of the super structure is heavy and its distribution
The top soil has poor bearing capacity
The subsoil water level is high
There is large fluctuations in subsoil water level
Canal or deep drainage lines exist near the foundation
The structure is situated on the sea shore or river bed
CLASSIFICATION OF PILES
BASED ON FUNCTION
END BEARING PILES FRICTION PILES
CLASSIFICATION OF PILES
BASED ON MATERIALS AND
CONCRETE PILES TIMBER PILES
H - PILE
CONCRETE AND TIMBER
CAST-IN SITU PILES
CONCRETE AND STEEL
END BEARING PILE : These piles are used to transfer load
through water or soft soil to a
END BEARING PILE
FRICTION PILE:These piles are used to transfer loads to a
depth of a friction load carrying material by
means of skin friction along the length of
COMPACTION PILE: These piles are used to compact loose
soils, thus increasing their bearing capacity.
compaction piles themselves do not carry any
Hence they may be of weaker material (sand).
The pile tube, driven to compact the soil, is gradually
taken out and sand is filled in its place thus forming a
UNDER REAMED PILE
In black cotton soils and other expansive type of soils,
buildings often crack due to relative ground movements.
This is caused by alternate swelling and shrinking of the
soil due to changes in its moisture content.
The under-reamed pile is used to safe guard this
movement effectively. Generally this foundation is used for
machine foundation, factory building, transmission line
towers and other tall structures also.
Well foundation is a box of timber, metal, reinforced
concrete or masonry which open both at the top and
bottom, and is used for building for building and bridge
Types of well shapes:
Double – D
Twin circular etc..,