It is my objective to detect what the semantic development of Norse loanwords in Old and Middle Irish can tell us about the language and social contact situation of the Irish and the Norse raiders and settlers during the Viking Age.
Beowulf: a regime of enforcement Frank Battaglia Paper given at: The 1st Global Conference (2012) Abstract Marking alliances at the highest levels of Germanic society, Migration Period Scandinavian gold bracteates increasingly are viewed as a ‘political medium.’ 329 D-forms of the 1000-plus bracteates depict a defeated monster. If ever we would expect monster stories to […]
Although few specifics are known about the historical daily patterns of interaction between ON speakers and Gaelic speakers in the Highlands and Western/Hebrides Islands of what is present-day Scotland, it is clear neverthe- less that the groups lived more or less side by side in that region over a period of several centuries.
Apart from this bipolar system that contrasted North and South, authors writing in the Old Norse-Icelandic language also appear to use the term Norðrlönd within a quadripolar system that held good beyond the immediate region: Norðrlönd, the Vestrlönd (the British Isles), Suðrríki (Germany, the Holy Roman Empire), and Austrríki or Austrvegr (Russia and other lands to the East).