|Publication number||US4590366 A|
|Application number||US 06/625,467|
|Publication date||May 20, 1986|
|Filing date||Jun 28, 1984|
|Priority date||Jul 1, 1983|
|Also published as||DE3485142D1, EP0130953A2, EP0130953A3, EP0130953B1|
|Publication number||06625467, 625467, US 4590366 A, US 4590366A, US-A-4590366, US4590366 A, US4590366A|
|Inventors||Rolf E. Rothfjell|
|Original Assignee||Esselte Security Systems Ab|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (189), Classifications (15), Legal Events (4) |
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
Method of securing simple codes
US 4590366 A
The invention relates to a method of securing simple codes (5), which are built-up of a plurality of lines, symbols or patterns, which are readable by a machine, and which codes (5) are intended to be located on documents (2), valuable documents or marked units.
The invention is characterized in that in the generating or writing-down of the codes (5) one or more of said lines, symbols or patterns constituting the code (5) each are caused to transform to a line (11) or an area, which does not constitute a part of the code (5), but constitutes a part of a pattern, in order to render a falsification by altering the code after its writing-down substantially more difficult.
According to a preferred embodiment the invention further is characterized in that a so-called line code (5) is generated, and in its generation or writing-down one or several of the lines associated with the code are caused to continuously or intermittently transform to a line (11) deviating from the line associated with the code.
1. In a verification defice comprising an object on which a machine-readable arrangement of a plurality of visible characters define a security code incorporated thereon, the improvement comprising a portion of said object separate from said characters having a plurality of visible indicia elements defining a pattern, said elements being visually related in configuration to said respective characters to enable detection of an alteration in one or more of said characters by visual inspection of resulting alteration in said relative configuration of said elements and said characters, without requiring machine-reading of said pattern.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein said characters comprise bars forming a bar code and said indicia elements comprise at least one line extending from a respective one of said bars.
3. The device of claim 2 wherein said line forms an angle with respect to said bar.
4. The device of claim 2 wherein at least a portion of said line is non-linear.
5. The device of claim 2 wherein a plurality of said lines form a wave pattern.
6. The device of claim 1 wherein said indicia elements form a guilloche pattern.
This invention relates to a method of securing simple codes.
Simple codes can be exemplified by a line code, for example EAN-code, or other code, which is readable mechanically or visually and contains information.
A line code can relatively easily be falsified, because one or several lines can be obliterated and new lines readily be inserted.
It would be advantageous, for example, to use a line code on an identification document, credit card, document of value etc., because information stored in the code easily can be read in mechanically to a computer.
Such information, for example, when used in connection with a passport, can contain the nationality, identification card number etc. of the person. Such information can be utilized, for example, in such a way that the officers checking the passport read the code by means of a reading pencil, and a computer, to which the reading pencil is connected, immediately provides the officers with information on the person which are of relevance for the person's passage through the passport examination.
On documents of value information of relevance for the documents, for example share number, company, nominal amount, type etc., can be contained in a line code for easy reading by a machine.
On a credit card, for example, the maximum amount per purchase and/or other information, for example, the identification card number of the person, the bank account number, to which the credit card is connected, can be stored in a simple mechanically readable code, for example a line code.
It is apparent that there exist a very great number of application possibilities of simple codes, which can easily be read mechanically. The aforementioned applications are only a few examples.
Simple codes as referred to above are understood to be codes constructed in a simple manner, for example a line code. A normal printed text, however, is also a simple code in the sense of the present application. The invention is described in the following with reference to a line code as example, but the invention can be applied to any other simple code or text. The line code example, therefore, does by no means restrict the invention.
The present invention, thus, relates to a method of securing simple codes, which are formed by a plurality of lines, symbols or patterns, which are mechanically readable, and which codes are intended to be located on documents, valuable documents or marked units. The invention is characterized in that in the generation or writing down of the codes one or several of said lines, symbols or patterns constituting a code each are caused to transform to a line or area, which do not constitute any part of the code, but constitute a part of a pattern, in order to make falsification by altering the code after it had been written down substantially more difficult.
Such alteration is rendered very difficult, because a code portion can be alteration of detection by no longer transforming to the pattern, which does not constitute a code.
The lines, symbols or patterns constituting a code preferably are caused in their generation to continuously transform to the pattern, which does not constitute a code.
Furthermore, continuous or intermittent colour transitions between or within the pattern are used for additionally increasing the safety level.
According to a preferred embodiment, two or more of said lines or areas, which do not constitute said code, are caused together to form a pattern over a portion of the document or the like, to which the code is applied.
According to a further preferred embodiment, the pattern formed is generated in its entirety outside the area taken up by the code.
Said lines, symbols or patterns constituting a code, of course, can be of any suitable type.
A line code, however, is to be preferred especially, because it can easily be read mechanically, and because it can easily be interpreted visually when the observer knows the key of the code.
A great number of mechanical reading equipment, besides, is commercially available for the scanning of line codes.
In the generation of a line code, one or several of the lines associated with the code are caused to continuously or intermittently transform to lines deviating from the line associated with the code. Deviations are brought about by causing the lines to form an angle to the lines associated with the code and/or by designing the lines non-linear.
According to a preferred embodiment, the lines are caused to describe a wave pattern or other non-linear patterns. The patterns thus formed can have a different degree of complexity. All patterns, from simple to complicated ones, can be used, depending, of course, among other things on the desired or required safety level. For obtaining an extremely high safety level, the pattern can consist of a safety pattern, a so-called guilloche.
The invention is described in the following in greater detail, with reference to the embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing, in which
FIG. 1,2 and 3 show cards provided with code and associated different patterns, and
FIG. 4 is a basic block diagram of a device, which can be used for generating a code and associated pattern.
In FIGS. 1,2 and 3 an identification document 1,2,3 is used as an example of document, and a line code 4,5,6 is used as an example of said code. In FIG. 1 each line 7 is extended to a line 8. The transition can be continuous or intermittent and, when desired, can contain colour transitions. Each line 8 is non-linear and varies with an irregular wave pattern over portions of the card 1. As appears from FIG. 1, a portion of the lines extends over an image 9 of a person's face and over relevant text 10, for example a name and birthdata registration number, as schematically marked in FIGS. 1-3. In FIGS. 1-3 the lines 8,11,12 are relatively coarse. Preferably, however, the lines are drawn very thin in order not to interfere with the visual impression, for example, of the person's image 9 or relevant data. The lines 8,11, 12 can be coloured differently in order to make falsification still more complicated.
If the document is forged by moving one or several lines 7 in the line code 4-6 or by altering the thickness, it also is necessary to move, thicken or thin the associated line 8. This is extremely difficult to carry out so that it will not be detected at a check of the document. When the document is produced photographically, as exemplified below, or when it is printed with so-called safety print, it is substantially impossible to perform such a forgery so as not to be detected.
In FIG. 1 the pattern formed by the lines 8 is irregular. The lines, however, can be drawn so as to be comprised in a regular pattern and in such a case can consist, for example, of line extensions forming together a safety pattern, for example a so-called guilloche. The pattern shown in FIG. 1, therefore, must not be regarded a preferred pattern.
In FIG. 2 a line code 5 with associated lines 11 is shown. According to this example, the lines 11 are straight, but form an angle to the lines in the line code 5. When a line in the code 5 is moved, either the entire associated line 11 must be moved, or the intersection point 12 for the line in code 5 and the line 11 is moved so that the intersection point is not located along the same straight line as described by the remaining intersection points.
In FIG. 2 the relevant text 10 is located in an area, over which the lines 11 do not extend. When the line code contains the name of the person, the correctness of the name can be checked by reading the line code. It is not necessary, therefore, that all information on a document, a valuable document etc. is covered entirely or partially by lines 8,11,12, but the information can be stored in the line code.
In FIG. 3 a third example is shown where the lines 12 are partially wave-shaped, and the wave-shaped portion 13 extends from a straight extension 14 from each line 15.
It is obvious that an indefinite variation of lines 8,11,12 can be imagined forming a specific pattern.
The present invention is especially suitable for use for an identification or corresponding document, because portions of the image and/or relevant data can be secured against falsification by allowing the lines to intersect said portions.
The type of document, however, implies different possibilities and requirements in respect of the design of the line code.
A share certificate or a banknote, for example, can be designed so that the safety pattern normally contained therein comprises or consists of lines being extensions of the lines in the line code.
In the examples shown in the Figures, only the line code has been chosen as example, but it is obvious, that every other code, for example an alphanumerical line, can be the starting point for a number of lines. The invention, therefore, must not be regarded in any part restricted to the utilization of a line code.
In the foregoing identification cards, share certificates and banknotes have been mentioned. A great number of articles, for example price tags, also are in demand of safe codes, for example line codes. In such cases the complexity of the pattern in view of the manufacturing cost of the pattern can be related to the safety against falsification. In certain cases the pattern is designed simpler than described above. The lines together, for example, can form a name written in letters, in the case of price tags, for example, the name of the merchant.
The method of manufacturing the document or the like also can influence the design of the pattern described by the lines.
FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic block diagram for an imaginable manufacturing equipment. The equipment and associated method are suitably among other uses for manufacturing identification and other documents where the information content is specific for each copy of the document.
In FIG. 4 a keyboard 16 for the feed-in of data, for example the name, birthdate registration number etc. of the person into a computer 17 with associated memory 18 is shown. The computer 17 is capable in knwon manner to control a known exposing device 19, where an electron gun 21 is caused to act onto a fluorescent screen 22, i.e. like a television set. A film advancing device 23,24 for a film 25 is located in a housing 23 enclosing among other things the screen 22.
The computer 17, thus, is capable of presenting on the screen 22 the information, which has been fed into the computer memory 18 by means of the keyboard 16. It is assumed that the cards according to FIGS. 1, 2 or 3 are to be manufactured. Persons and names and other alphanumeric information intended to be directly readable preferably are photographed. Such a film strip 25 exposed after a number of photographings is inserted undeveloped into the feeding device 23,24. The device 23,24 compises a motor 26 for advancing the film 25, and the motor 26 is controlled by the computer 17. A scanning element 27 is provided to scan the position of the exposings of the film strip. The element 27 is capable of emitting a signal to the computer 17, which signal indicates the film strip frame being in exposing position.
When a card according to FIGS. 1--3 is to be manufactured, the computer is capable of recording a line code which, for example, contains information on the form of the name and birthdate registration number of the person in accordance with the information fed-in via the keyboard. The computer further is capable from the lines of the line code to expose extensions in the form of the lines 8. When a frame for a certain person is in exposing position, the element 27 emits a signal, whereby the computer controls the electron gun 21 so that the associated line code 4,5,6 and the lines 8,11,12 are drawn on the screen 22, whereby the film 25 is exposed. Thereafter, or after an additional exposing step, the film is developed, so that a line code 4,5,6 with associated pattern 8,11,12 integrated with the image 9 and data 10 is obtained, which is very difficult, if not impossible, to falsify so that the falsification will not be detected. Of course, also relevant data 10 can be drawn by the computer 17 on the screen 22.
In the manufacture of a card according to FIG. 1, a random number generator can control the curvature of the lines 8. In the manufacture of a card according to FIGS. 2 and 3, the computer is programmed so that the lines 11,12 assume a position predetermined in relation to the lines in the line code 5,6.
The technique proper and the device according to FIG. 4 used for the present method are well-known, as also are other devices for exposing a certain pattern or a certain text by means of a computer or printing them by different methods. These devices, therefore, are not described in greater detail, because they do not per se constitute a part of the present invention.
Safety patterns of various kinds and also guillochs are at present stored in computer memories and can be generated by computer-controlled printing devices. When a very high safety level is required, for example for military purposes, a number of starting positions can be used in the computer program for safety patterns, from which positions the computer program indicates a certain specific safety pattern, so that the appearance of the safety pattern depends on the starting positions. In such cases the lines of the line code or the position of parts comprised in another code can constitute such starting positions. Consequently, when the code is specific, for example for a person, a safety pattern specific for the code is generated by means of the lines 8.
Another manufacturing method is printing, which can be advantageous, for example, in the manufacture of many identical documents. The code and associated pattern can be engraved mechanically or manually, and the document thereafter is printed by conventional printing technology.
It is emphasized, however, that the manufacturing method can vary according to demand and suitability for the document or article in question.
The essential gain according to the present invention is that a simple code or text readable by a machine can be secured against falsification, in that some or all of the elements comprised in the code transform to a pattern with a complexity suitable in relation to the application.
Good readability, visually or mechanically, is hereby combined with a high safety level for the document, article or the like.
It is apparent, as exemplified above, that the invention can be varied and applied in many ways.
The invention, thus, must not be regarded restricted to the embodiments set forth above, but can be varied within the scope of the attached claims.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US4423415 *||Jun 22, 1981||Dec 27, 1983||Light Signatures, Inc.||Non-counterfeitable document system|
|US4504083 *||Jun 28, 1982||Mar 12, 1985||Gao Gesellschaft Fur Automation Und Organisation Mbh||Guilloche identification card|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US4889367 *||Oct 7, 1988||Dec 26, 1989||Frito-Lay, Inc.||Multi-readable information system|
|US4904853 *||Mar 20, 1989||Feb 27, 1990||Kabushiki Kaisha Astex||Dual-function information-carrying sheet device|
|US4972476 *||May 11, 1989||Nov 20, 1990||Nathans Robert L||Counterfeit proof ID card having a scrambled facial image|
|US4986868 *||Oct 17, 1989||Jan 22, 1991||Wallace Computer Services, Inc.||Method of making an intermediate blank for identification card or the like|
|US5170044 *||Nov 9, 1990||Dec 8, 1992||Pitney Bowes Inc.||Error tolerant 3x3 bit-map coding of binary data and method of decoding|
|US5367319 *||Jul 30, 1992||Nov 22, 1994||Burlington Industries, Inc.||Security protection for important documents and papers|
|US5636292 *||May 8, 1995||Jun 3, 1997||Digimarc Corporation||Steganography methods employing embedded calibration data|
|US5710834 *||May 8, 1995||Jan 20, 1998||Digimarc Corporation||Method and apparatus responsive to a code signal conveyed through a graphic image|
|US5745604 *||Mar 15, 1996||Apr 28, 1998||Digimarc Corporation||Identification/authentication system using robust, distributed coding|
|US5748763 *||May 8, 1995||May 5, 1998||Digimarc Corporation||Image steganography system featuring perceptually adaptive and globally scalable signal embedding|
|US5748783 *||May 8, 1995||May 5, 1998||Digimarc Corporation||Method and apparatus for robust information coding|
|US5768426 *||Oct 21, 1994||Jun 16, 1998||Digimarc Corporation||Graphics processing system employing embedded code signals|
|US5809160 *||Nov 12, 1997||Sep 15, 1998||Digimarc Corporation||Method for encoding auxiliary data within a source signal|
|US5822436 *||Apr 25, 1996||Oct 13, 1998||Digimarc Corporation||Photographic products and methods employing embedded information|
|US5832119 *||Sep 25, 1995||Nov 3, 1998||Digimarc Corporation||Methods for controlling systems using control signals embedded in empirical data|
|US5841886 *||Dec 4, 1996||Nov 24, 1998||Digimarc Corporation||Security system for photographic identification|
|US5841978 *||Jul 27, 1995||Nov 24, 1998||Digimarc Corporation||Network linking method using steganographically embedded data objects|
|US5850481 *||May 8, 1995||Dec 15, 1998||Digimarc Corporation||Steganographic system|
|US5862260 *||May 16, 1996||Jan 19, 1999||Digimarc Corporation||Methods for surveying dissemination of proprietary empirical data|
|US5930377 *||May 7, 1998||Jul 27, 1999||Digimarc Corporation||Method for image encoding|
|US6026193 *||Oct 16, 1997||Feb 15, 2000||Digimarc Corporation||Video steganography|
|US6111954 *||Oct 8, 1998||Aug 29, 2000||Digimarc Corporation||Steganographic methods and media for photography|
|US6122392 *||Nov 12, 1997||Sep 19, 2000||Digimarc Corporation||Signal processing to hide plural-bit information in image, video, and audio data|
|US6122403 *||Nov 12, 1996||Sep 19, 2000||Digimarc Corporation||Computer system linked by using information in data objects|
|US6324573||Aug 6, 1998||Nov 27, 2001||Digimarc Corporation||Linking of computers using information steganographically embedded in data objects|
|US6330335||Jan 13, 2000||Dec 11, 2001||Digimarc Corporation||Audio steganography|
|US6363159||Nov 17, 1999||Mar 26, 2002||Digimarc Corporation||Consumer audio appliance responsive to watermark data|
|US6381341||Nov 17, 1999||Apr 30, 2002||Digimarc Corporation||Watermark encoding method exploiting biases inherent in original signal|
|US6400827||Jun 29, 1999||Jun 4, 2002||Digimarc Corporation||Methods for hiding in-band digital data in images and video|
|US6404898||Jun 24, 1999||Jun 11, 2002||Digimarc Corporation||Method and system for encoding image and audio content|
|US6408082||Nov 30, 1999||Jun 18, 2002||Digimarc Corporation||Watermark detection using a fourier mellin transform|
|US6411725||Jun 20, 2000||Jun 25, 2002||Digimarc Corporation||Watermark enabled video objects|
|US6424725||May 8, 2000||Jul 23, 2002||Digimarc Corporation||Determining transformations of media signals with embedded code signals|
|US6430302||Jan 10, 2001||Aug 6, 2002||Digimarc Corporation||Steganographically encoding a first image in accordance with a second image|
|US6438231||Aug 17, 2000||Aug 20, 2002||Digimarc Corporation||Emulsion film media employing steganography|
|US6459803||Apr 11, 2001||Oct 1, 2002||Digimarc Corporation||Method for encoding auxiliary data within a source signal|
|US6496591||Jun 29, 1999||Dec 17, 2002||Digimarc Corporation||Video copy-control with plural embedded signals|
|US6535618||Jul 17, 2000||Mar 18, 2003||Digimarc Corporation||Image capture device with steganographic data embedding|
|US6539095||Nov 17, 1999||Mar 25, 2003||Geoffrey B. Rhoads||Audio watermarking to convey auxiliary control information, and media embodying same|
|US6542620||Jul 27, 2000||Apr 1, 2003||Digimarc Corporation||Signal processing to hide plural-bit information in image, video, and audio data|
|US6553129||Apr 28, 2000||Apr 22, 2003||Digimarc Corporation||Computer system linked by using information in data objects|
|US6560349||Dec 28, 1999||May 6, 2003||Digimarc Corporation||Audio monitoring using steganographic information|
|US6567533||Apr 27, 2000||May 20, 2003||Digimarc Corporation||Method and apparatus for discerning image distortion by reference to encoded marker signals|
|US6567780||Apr 9, 2002||May 20, 2003||Digimarc Corporation||Audio with hidden in-band digital data|
|US6580819||Apr 7, 1999||Jun 17, 2003||Digimarc Corporation||Methods of producing security documents having digitally encoded data and documents employing same|
|US6587821||Nov 17, 1999||Jul 1, 2003||Digimarc Corp||Methods for decoding watermark data from audio, and controlling audio devices in accordance therewith|
|US6590998||Aug 1, 2001||Jul 8, 2003||Digimarc Corporation||Network linking method using information embedded in data objects that have inherent noise|
|US6611607||Mar 15, 2000||Aug 26, 2003||Digimarc Corporation||Integrating digital watermarks in multimedia content|
|US6614914||Feb 14, 2000||Sep 2, 2003||Digimarc Corporation||Watermark embedder and reader|
|US6614915||Jun 13, 2002||Sep 2, 2003||Digimarc Corporation||Image capture and marking|
|US6625297||Feb 10, 2000||Sep 23, 2003||Digimarc Corporation||Self-orienting watermarks|
|US6628801||Oct 12, 1999||Sep 30, 2003||Digimarc Corporation||Image marking with pixel modification|
|US6675146||May 31, 2001||Jan 6, 2004||Digimarc Corporation||Audio steganography|
|US6694042||Apr 8, 2002||Feb 17, 2004||Digimarc Corporation||Methods for determining contents of media|
|US6700990||Sep 29, 1999||Mar 2, 2004||Digimarc Corporation||Digital watermark decoding method|
|US6718047||Aug 7, 2002||Apr 6, 2004||Digimarc Corporation||Watermark embedder and reader|
|US6721440||Jul 2, 2001||Apr 13, 2004||Digimarc Corporation||Low visibility watermarks using an out-of-phase color|
|US6728390||Dec 7, 2001||Apr 27, 2004||Digimarc Corporation||Methods and systems using multiple watermarks|
|US6744906||Dec 7, 2001||Jun 1, 2004||Digimarc Corporation||Methods and systems using multiple watermarks|
|US6751320||Jun 14, 2001||Jun 15, 2004||Digimarc Corporation||Method and system for preventing reproduction of professional photographs|
|US6760463||Jan 17, 2001||Jul 6, 2004||Digimarc Corporation||Watermarking methods and media|
|US6768809||Feb 4, 2003||Jul 27, 2004||Digimarc Corporation||Digital watermark screening and detection strategies|
|US6775392||Apr 6, 2000||Aug 10, 2004||Digimarc Corporation||Computer system linked by using information in data objects|
|US6779815 *||Apr 6, 1998||Aug 24, 2004||Societe Chevillot S.A.||Forgery proof, indelibly marked label having contrast to aid visibility|
|US6788800||Jul 25, 2000||Sep 7, 2004||Digimarc Corporation||Authenticating objects using embedded data|
|US6804376||Mar 28, 2002||Oct 12, 2004||Digimarc Corporation||Equipment employing watermark-based authentication function|
|US6804377||Apr 2, 2002||Oct 12, 2004||Digimarc Corporation||Detecting information hidden out-of-phase in color channels|
|US6804378||Feb 12, 2003||Oct 12, 2004||Digimarc Corporation||Methods and products employing biometrics and steganography|
|US6823075||Feb 2, 2001||Nov 23, 2004||Digimarc Corporation||Authentication watermarks for printed objects and related applications|
|US6829368||Jan 24, 2001||Dec 7, 2004||Digimarc Corporation||Establishing and interacting with on-line media collections using identifiers in media signals|
|US6850626||Mar 28, 2002||Feb 1, 2005||Digimarc Corporation||Methods employing multiple watermarks|
|US6869023||Jun 14, 2002||Mar 22, 2005||Digimarc Corporation||Linking documents through digital watermarking|
|US6882737||Jun 18, 2003||Apr 19, 2005||Digimarc Corporation||Digitally watermarking holograms for identity documents|
|US6917691||May 29, 2003||Jul 12, 2005||Digimarc Corporation||Substituting information based on watermark-enable linking|
|US6917724||Apr 8, 2002||Jul 12, 2005||Digimarc Corporation||Methods for opening file on computer via optical sensing|
|US6922480||Jul 29, 2002||Jul 26, 2005||Digimarc Corporation||Methods for encoding security documents|
|US6959386||Jul 25, 2001||Oct 25, 2005||Digimarc Corporation||Hiding encrypted messages in information carriers|
|US6965682||Feb 15, 2000||Nov 15, 2005||Digimarc Corp||Data transmission by watermark proxy|
|US6968057||Mar 19, 2002||Nov 22, 2005||Digimarc Corporation||Emulsion products and imagery employing steganography|
|US6970573||Nov 9, 2001||Nov 29, 2005||Digimarc Corporation||Self validating security documents utilizing watermarks|
|US6975746||Aug 25, 2003||Dec 13, 2005||Digimarc Corporation||Integrating digital watermarks in multimedia content|
|US6978036||Jun 10, 2002||Dec 20, 2005||Digimarc Corporation||Tamper-resistant authentication techniques for identification documents|
|US6987862||Jul 11, 2003||Jan 17, 2006||Digimarc Corporation||Video steganography|
|US6993153||Sep 23, 2003||Jan 31, 2006||Digimarc Corporation||Self-orienting watermarks|
|US7003132||Apr 1, 2003||Feb 21, 2006||Digimarc Corporation||Embedding hidden auxiliary code signals in media|
|US7016516||Sep 4, 2003||Mar 21, 2006||Digimarc Corporation||Authentication of identification documents|
|US7027614||Apr 12, 2004||Apr 11, 2006||Digimarc Corporation||Hiding information to reduce or offset perceptible artifacts|
|US7028902 *||Oct 3, 2002||Apr 18, 2006||Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.||Barcode having enhanced visual quality and systems and methods thereof|
|US7039214||Jun 14, 2002||May 2, 2006||Digimarc Corporation||Embedding watermark components during separate printing stages|
|US7043052||Jun 4, 2002||May 9, 2006||Digimarc Corporation||Digital authentication with analog documents|
|US7044395||Nov 30, 1999||May 16, 2006||Digimarc Corporation||Embedding and reading imperceptible codes on objects|
|US7050603||Dec 13, 2001||May 23, 2006||Digimarc Corporation||Watermark encoded video, and related methods|
|US7054463||Mar 28, 2002||May 30, 2006||Digimarc Corporation||Data encoding using frail watermarks|
|US7058697||Aug 28, 2001||Jun 6, 2006||Digimarc Corporation||Internet linking from image content|
|US7068811||Mar 27, 2002||Jun 27, 2006||Digimarc Corporation||Protecting images with image markings|
|US7108186 *||Dec 2, 2002||Sep 19, 2006||International Barcode Corporation||System and method for validating a digital image and corresponding data|
|US7152786||Apr 22, 2004||Dec 26, 2006||Digimarc Corporation||Identification document including embedded data|
|US7164780||Feb 17, 2005||Jan 16, 2007||Digimarc Corporation||Digital watermarking apparatus and methods|
|US7171016||Nov 5, 1998||Jan 30, 2007||Digimarc Corporation||Method for monitoring internet dissemination of image, video and/or audio files|
|US7181022||Mar 25, 2003||Feb 20, 2007||Digimarc Corporation||Audio watermarking to convey auxiliary information, and media embodying same|
|US7207491||Aug 20, 2004||Apr 24, 2007||International Barcode Corporation||System and method for generating a combined bar code image|
|US7239734||Dec 19, 2005||Jul 3, 2007||Digimarc Corporation||Authentication of identification documents and banknotes|
|US7269275||Nov 23, 2005||Sep 11, 2007||Digimarc Corporation||Physical objects and validation of physical objects|
|US7305104||Nov 17, 2004||Dec 4, 2007||Digimarc Corporation||Authentication of identification documents using digital watermarks|
|US7305117||Jul 11, 2006||Dec 4, 2007||Digimarc Corporation||Methods and tangible objects employing machine readable data|
|US7308110||Feb 26, 2003||Dec 11, 2007||Digimarc Corporation||Methods for marking images|
|US7322514 *||Dec 8, 2004||Jan 29, 2008||International Barcode Corporation||Method for identifying and authenticating goods using codes, barcodes and radio frequency identification|
|US7330563||May 9, 2006||Feb 12, 2008||Digimarc Corporation||Documents, articles and authentication of documents and articles|
|US7330564||Jan 11, 2007||Feb 12, 2008||Digimarc Corporation||Digital watermarking apparatus and methods|
|US7337972||Nov 12, 2002||Mar 4, 2008||International Barcode Corporation||System and method for embedding characters in a bar of a bar code|
|US7346184||May 2, 2000||Mar 18, 2008||Digimarc Corporation||Processing methods combining multiple frames of image data|
|US7349555||Feb 26, 2007||Mar 25, 2008||Digimarc Corporation||Documents and apparatus to encode documents|
|US7359528||Feb 7, 2007||Apr 15, 2008||Digimarc Corporation||Monitoring of video or audio based on in-band and out-of-band data|
|US7362879||Apr 24, 2007||Apr 22, 2008||Digimarc Corporation||Substituting objects based on steganographic encoding|
|US7412074||Sep 27, 2006||Aug 12, 2008||Digimarc Corporation||Hiding codes in input data|
|US7415129||Jul 10, 2007||Aug 19, 2008||Digimarc Corporation||Providing reports associated with video and audio content|
|US7424131||Feb 3, 2005||Sep 9, 2008||Digimarc Corporation||Authentication of physical and electronic media objects using digital watermarks|
|US7436976||May 11, 2004||Oct 14, 2008||Digimarc Corporation||Digital watermarking systems and methods|
|US7437430||Mar 6, 2002||Oct 14, 2008||Digimarc Corporation||Network linking using index modulated on data|
|US7486799||Jan 30, 2007||Feb 3, 2009||Digimarc Corporation||Methods for monitoring audio and images on the internet|
|US7502937||Mar 4, 2003||Mar 10, 2009||Digimarc Corporation||Digital watermarking security systems|
|US7508955||Oct 26, 2007||Mar 24, 2009||Digimarc Corporation||Authentication of objects using steganography|
|US7515733||Jan 19, 2005||Apr 7, 2009||Digimarc Corporation||Methods and arrangements employing digital content items|
|US7545952||Oct 23, 2007||Jun 9, 2009||Digimarc Corporation||Image or video display devices|
|US7555139||Oct 23, 2007||Jun 30, 2009||Digimarc Corporation||Secure documents with hidden signals, and related methods and systems|
|US7570784||Jul 3, 2007||Aug 4, 2009||Digimarc Corporation||Identification and protection of security documents|
|US7593545||Aug 11, 2008||Sep 22, 2009||Digimarc Corporation||Determining whether two or more creative works correspond|
|US7616777||Feb 7, 2007||Nov 10, 2009||Digimarc Corporation||Digital watermarking methods, systems and apparatus|
|US7639837||Jan 23, 2007||Dec 29, 2009||Digimarc Corporation||Identification documents and authentication of such documents|
|US7643649||Dec 13, 2005||Jan 5, 2010||Digimarc Corporation||Integrating digital watermarks in multimedia content|
|US7661600||Apr 19, 2007||Feb 16, 2010||L-1 Identify Solutions||Laser etched security features for identification documents and methods of making same|
|US7694887||Dec 23, 2004||Apr 13, 2010||L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc.||Optically variable personalized indicia for identification documents|
|US7697719||Dec 20, 2007||Apr 13, 2010||Digimarc Corporation||Methods for analyzing electronic media including video and audio|
|US7702511||Feb 2, 2007||Apr 20, 2010||Digimarc Corporation||Watermarking to convey auxiliary information, and media embodying same|
|US7711143||Dec 11, 2007||May 4, 2010||Digimarc Corporation||Methods for marking images|
|US7712673||Sep 29, 2004||May 11, 2010||L-L Secure Credentialing, Inc.||Identification document with three dimensional image of bearer|
|US7724920||Oct 29, 2007||May 25, 2010||Digimarc Corporation||Digital authentication with analog documents|
|US7728048||Sep 30, 2003||Jun 1, 2010||L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc.||Increasing thermal conductivity of host polymer used with laser engraving methods and compositions|
|US7744001||Nov 16, 2004||Jun 29, 2010||L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc.||Multiple image security features for identification documents and methods of making same|
|US7744002||Mar 11, 2005||Jun 29, 2010||L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc.||Tamper evident adhesive and identification document including same|
|US7756290||May 6, 2008||Jul 13, 2010||Digimarc Corporation||Detecting embedded signals in media content using coincidence metrics|
|US7770013||Sep 4, 2003||Aug 3, 2010||Digimarc Corporation||Digital authentication with digital and analog documents|
|US7773770||Apr 22, 2008||Aug 10, 2010||Digimarc Corporation||Substituting or replacing components in media objects based on steganographic encoding|
|US7793846||Dec 24, 2002||Sep 14, 2010||L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc.||Systems, compositions, and methods for full color laser engraving of ID documents|
|US7806322||Dec 19, 2006||Oct 5, 2010||Digimarc Corporation||Authentication methods and systems including embedded auxiliary data|
|US7815124||Apr 9, 2003||Oct 19, 2010||L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc.||Image processing techniques for printing identification cards and documents|
|US7900847||Jan 18, 2008||Mar 8, 2011||Target Brands, Inc.||Barcodes with graphical elements|
|US7958359||Apr 30, 2001||Jun 7, 2011||Digimarc Corporation||Access control systems|
|US7963449||Jun 24, 2010||Jun 21, 2011||L-1 Secure Credentialing||Tamper evident adhesive and identification document including same|
|US7974495||Aug 3, 2009||Jul 5, 2011||Digimarc Corporation||Identification and protection of video|
|US7978876||Sep 22, 2009||Jul 12, 2011||Digimarc Corporation||Hiding codes in input data|
|US7980596||Jan 14, 2010||Jul 19, 2011||L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc.||Increasing thermal conductivity of host polymer used with laser engraving methods and compositions|
|US8023691||Feb 7, 2007||Sep 20, 2011||Digimarc Corporation||Methods involving maps, imagery, video and steganography|
|US8023692||Apr 15, 2008||Sep 20, 2011||Digimarc Corporation||Apparatus and methods to process video or audio|
|US8025239||Jun 24, 2010||Sep 27, 2011||L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc.||Multiple image security features for identification documents and methods of making same|
|US8027510||Jul 13, 2010||Sep 27, 2011||Digimarc Corporation||Encoding and decoding media signals|
|US8083152||Feb 16, 2010||Dec 27, 2011||L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc.||Laser etched security features for identification documents and methods of making same|
|US8103877||Oct 25, 2004||Jan 24, 2012||Digimarc Corporation||Content identification and electronic tickets, coupons and credits|
|US8107674||Jan 5, 2010||Jan 31, 2012||Digimarc Corporation||Synchronizing rendering of multimedia content|
|US8126272||Mar 17, 2008||Feb 28, 2012||Digimarc Corporation||Methods combining multiple frames of image data|
|US8175329||Oct 26, 2010||May 8, 2012||Digimarc Corporation||Authentication of physical and electronic media objects using digital watermarks|
|US8204222||Sep 13, 2005||Jun 19, 2012||Digimarc Corporation||Steganographic encoding and decoding of auxiliary codes in media signals|
|US8280101||Dec 22, 2009||Oct 2, 2012||Digimarc Corporation||Identification documents and authentication of such documents|
|US8316239||Mar 10, 2009||Nov 20, 2012||Digimarc Corporation||Decoding information to allow access to computerized systems|
|US8355526||Mar 23, 2005||Jan 15, 2013||Digimarc Corporation||Digitally watermarking holograms|
|US8411898||May 25, 2010||Apr 2, 2013||Digimarc Corporation||Digital authentication with analog documents|
|US8457346||Feb 3, 2005||Jun 4, 2013||Digimarc Corporation||Digital watermarking image signals on-chip|
|US8543823||Oct 14, 2003||Sep 24, 2013||Digimarc Corporation||Digital watermarking for identification documents|
|US8565473||Sep 22, 2009||Oct 22, 2013||Digimarc Corporation||Noise influenced watermarking methods and apparatus|
|US8626666||Sep 8, 2006||Jan 7, 2014||Digimarc Corporation||Confirming physical custody of objects|
|US8750556||Oct 10, 2006||Jun 10, 2014||Digimarc Corporation||Watermark systems and methods|
|US8833663||Oct 18, 2010||Sep 16, 2014||L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc.||Image processing techniques for printing identification cards and documents|
|US8840032||Jan 28, 2011||Sep 23, 2014||Target Brands, Inc.||Barcodes with graphical elements|
|US8976998||Aug 15, 2011||Mar 10, 2015||Digimarc Corporation||Methods involving maps, imagery, video and steganography|
|US20010010730 *||Feb 2, 2001||Aug 2, 2001||Rhoads Geoffrey B.||Steganographic messaging through imagery|
|US20020061120 *||Nov 9, 2001||May 23, 2002||Carr Jonathan Scott||Self validating security documents utilizing watermarks|
|US20020078146 *||Aug 28, 2001||Jun 20, 2002||Rhoads Geoffrey B.||Internet linking from audio and image content|
|US20020080993 *||Jul 25, 2001||Jun 27, 2002||Rhoads Geoffrey B.||Hiding encrypted messages in information carriers|
|US20020136430 *||Mar 6, 2002||Sep 26, 2002||Digimarc Corporation||Network linking method using information embedded in data objects that have inherent noise|
|US20040065739 *||Oct 3, 2002||Apr 8, 2004||Yihong Xu||Barcode having enhanced visual quality and systems and methods thereof|
|US20040128512 *||Apr 30, 2001||Jul 1, 2004||Sharma Ravi K||Digital watermarking systems|
|US20040153649 *||Sep 4, 2003||Aug 5, 2004||Rhoads Geoffrey B.||Digital authentication with digital and analog documents|
|US20040181671 *||Oct 14, 2003||Sep 16, 2004||Brundage Trent J.||Identification document and related methods|
|US20040243806 *||Mar 4, 2003||Dec 2, 2004||Mckinley Tyler J.||Digital watermarking security systems|
|US20050008189 *||Nov 9, 2001||Jan 13, 2005||Carr Jonathan Scott||Self validating security documents utilizing watermarks|
|US20050008190 *||May 11, 2004||Jan 13, 2005||Levy Kenneth L.||Digital watermarking systems and methods|
|USRE40919 *||Jan 27, 2004||Sep 22, 2009||Digimarc Corporation||Methods for surveying dissemination of proprietary empirical data|
|EP0360970A1 *||Apr 27, 1989||Apr 4, 1990||Landis & Gyr Betriebs AG||Bar code field readable in two directions|
|WO2005029390A2 *||Dec 8, 2004||Mar 31, 2005||Int Barcode Corp||Method for identifying and authenticating goods using codes, barcodes and radio frequency identification|
| || |
|U.S. Classification||235/494, 283/77, 235/462.01, 283/904|
|International Classification||G06K19/10, G06K19/06, G07F7/08, B44F1/12|
|Cooperative Classification||Y10S283/904, G06K19/06046, G06K19/10, G07F7/086|
|European Classification||G07F7/08B, G06K19/06C5, G06K19/10|
|Aug 20, 1984||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: ESSELTE SECURITY SYSTEMS AB BOX 81038 104 81 STOCK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ROTHFJELL, ROLF E.;REEL/FRAME:004314/0810
Effective date: 19840624
Owner name: ESSELTE SECURITY SYSTEMS AB A CORP OF SWEDEN,SWEDE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ROTHFJELL, ROLF E.;REEL/FRAME:004314/0810
Effective date: 19840624
|Feb 15, 1990||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|May 20, 1990||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Jul 31, 1990||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 19900520