US 7185414 B2
An apparatus in which wave windings with a defined number of waves are cut from a continuously formed wave winding band. In forming with a wire guide, the wave winding band is laid in alternation around the outer side faces of forming protrusions, offset from one another on the circumference of two disks. The two disks can be driven to rotate. In the angular range in which the wave winding band is driven on the circumference of the disks or roller, the spacing between one forming protrusion of one row and the next forming protrusion in the other row is increased by such an amount that the outer side faces of the forming protrusions form the winding heads of the wave windings. The wave windings cut from the wave winding band are introduced into radially outwardly open slots of a lamination packet or a rotorlike transfer tool.
1. An apparatus having
a forming device for forming a wave winding band and
a device for introducing wave windings cut from this band into radially outwardly open slots of a cylinder member which is one of a rotor or stator lamination packet or a similar transfer tool,
characterized in that the forming device for the wave winding band has
a rotatable device which is one of two rotatable disks or one rotatable roller and
two rows of forming protrusions distributed uniformly over the circumference of the rotatable device and offset from one another relative to the respectively other row and protruding past the circumference of the rotatable device, and
a wire guide guided in such a way that a winding wire can be placed in undulating fashion in alternation about outer side faces of the successive forming protrusions on the circumference, the outer side faces having a shape which corresponds to a shape to be generated of winding heads of the wave windings.
2. The apparatus of
3. The apparatus of
4. The apparatus of
5. The apparatus of
6. The apparatus of
the wire guide is a carrier driven to rotate about an axis of rotation located essentially transversely to the axis of rotation of the rotatable device and has at least one eccentric looping peg and one tappet that can be axially advanced in controlled fashion and is disposed essentially on the axis of rotation,
the carrier having the at least one looping peg immediately next to the rotatable device revolves in chronological adaptation to the rotary motion thereof,
in a first intermediate phase of a work cycle, the tappet can be advanced to the winding wire, delivered into the space between the carrier and the rotatable device, and to a forming protrusion of one row, so that the winding wire is retained on this forming protrusion to form a first loop, and
in a second intermediate phase, in which a forming protrusion of the other row is located axially in front of the at least one looping peg, a stripper can be actuated by which a second loop formed from the winding wire on the at least one looping peg can be stripped from the at least one looping peg onto the forming protrusion located in front of the at least one looping peg.
7. The apparatus of
8. The apparatus of
9. The apparatus of
10. The apparatus of
(a) a conveyor means adapted to convey the wave winding with drivers mounted on an outside thereof at a spacing of adjacent straight portions of the wave windings, and
(b) one or more male dies and female dies laterally beside the conveyor means, by which said dies at least part of one winding head of a wave winding to be placed in the receiver can be forced out of the plane of the adjacent straight portions.
11. The apparatus of
12. The apparatus of
13. The apparatus of
movably supported guide rails extending parallel to one another and to the receiver and extending in projection at the sides of the receiver, which said rails guide the winding heads of the wave windings,
an endlessly revolvingly guided conveyor belt which can be controlled with precise positioning, said drivers provided on an outside thereof with a same spacing as the straight portions, and
a positioning drive mechanism for moving the guide rails out of a position in front of slot entrances provided in the rod-shaped receiver into a position at the sides of the slot entrances, whereby the straight portions of the wave windings are introduced into slots of the receiver.
14. The apparatus of
a guide for the wave windings which is disposed essentially tangentially relative to the cylinder member having radially outwardly open slots and that can be driven to rotate by a rotary mechanism,
a drive for relative advancement of the wave windings having straight portions joined by the winding heads and/or of the cylinder member along the guide at a speed corresponding to the circumferential speed of the cylinder member, and
guide or thrust devices by which the straight portions, brought to the cylinder member, of the wave windings can be introduced in succession into the radially outwardly open slots.
15. The apparatus of
16. The apparatus of
17. The apparatus of
18. The apparatus of
The present application claims priority to Germany Application No. 103 28 955.0, filed on Jun. 27, 2003.
1. Technical Fields
The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for forming and introducing wave windings, with straight portions joined by winding heads, into rotor or stator lamination packets of electrical machines.
2. The Related Art
For a fairly long time, for instance from European Patent Disclosures EP 1 012 951 D1 and EP 0 604 792 A2 as well as U.S. Pat. No. 5,881,778, it has been known to create wave windings, in particular distributed wave windings for producing motor vehicle generators, using a winding nozzle revolving around a template or a template revolving in front of a fixed winding nozzle, and to draw the thus-formed annular wave windings axially into a stator.
In the attempt to attain an optimal filling factor of the stator slots with as little copper as possible and at the same to attain winding heads that are small, well-ventilated and generate only relatively little running noise, stators with many radially inwardly open slots of rectangular cross section have been created in accordance with EP 1 120 881 A2, into which slots wave windings of rectangular coil wire are placed in such a way that in the cross section of a slot the cross sections through the coil wire with a plurality of radial layers form one row extending along the slot and fill up the cross section of the slot. The difficulty in producing a stator of this kind is that the thick rectangular wire, whose width is equivalent to the slot width, can be deformed only with difficulty in a conventional winding and pulling-in process, and normally the winding heads that protrude from the face end beyond the stator lamination packet, because there are so many coil windings that overlap on the circumference and because of the poor deformability of the coil wire, add up to an excessively large radial width, which is practically impossible to reduce using conventional winding head forming tools.
It is therefore the object of the invention to make a method and an apparatus available with the aid of which wave windings even made of comparatively thick winding wire can be produced and introduced into rotor or stator lamination packets in a simpler way.
The above object is attained in terms of the method proposed by the invention in that the wave windings, each with a defined number of waves, are cut from a continuously formed wave winding band of winding wire of rectangular or round cross section, which wave winding band, in the forming operation, by a wire guide is laid in alternation around the outer side faces of forming protrusions, offset from one another on the circumference of two disks which can be driven to rotate axially side by side or in two rows on the circumference of a roller that can be driven to rotate, and in the angular range in which the wave winding band is driven on the circumference of the disks or roller, the spacing between one forming protrusion of one row and the next forming protrusion in the other row is increased by such an amount that the outer side faces of the forming protrusions form the winding heads of the wave windings, and that the wave windings cut from the wave winding band are introduced into radially outwardly open slots of a rotor or stator lamination packet or a rotorlike transfer tool.
The invention offers the advantage that in a single integrated operation the winding wire is continuously brought into the shape of a wave fixed by stops and then, under tension, assumes the final wave form by plastic deformation. A total of only two very simple forming operations is needed; that is, besides the aforementioned bending of the wire into the wave winding band, only bending of the wave windings, cut to the proper length from the wave winding band, into a ring with the relatively large radius of curvature of the annular arrangement of the wave winding in the lamination packet is necessary.
The apparatus proposed according to the invention for performing the novel method has a forming device for forming the wave winding band, which forming device has two disks or one roller and two rows of forming protrusions distributed uniformly over the circumference and offset from one another relative to the respectively other row and protruding past the circumference of the disks or roller, and one wire guide guided in such a way that a winding wire can be placed in undulating fashion in alternation about the outer side faces of the successive forming protrusions on the circumference, whose shape corresponds to the shape to be generated of the winding heads of the wave windings, and a device for introducing the wave windings, cut from the wave winding band, into radially outwardly open slots of a rotor or stator lamination packet or rotorlike transfer tool.
This apparatus offers the advantage that it is fundamentally independent of whatever the wave shape, length and relative position to one another the wave windings to be introduced into the rotor or stator lamination packet have. It can therefore be used for many different shapes of the winding. If the wave windings are to be introduced into a rotor or stator lamination packet having radially inwardly open slots, or in other words into an external stator or into the rotor of an external-rotor motor or generator, the aforementioned transfer tool is used with one additional work operation, in order for the windings initially created in the transfer tool to be positively displaced out of its slots radially outward into the slots of the external stator or external rotor.
Advantageous features of the method and the novel apparatus described above are defined in the dependent claims.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
The wave winding 10 shown in
The advantageousness of the gable-shaped winding heads becomes clear if one imagines, on the basis of
It can also be seen from
If the wave windings 10 have twice the circumferential length, then upon placement in the slots of the rod-shaped receiver 22, the procedure can also be such that first, in the order described above, the six wave windings that form one wire layer are put in place with only half their length. Next, over the second half of the length of the rod-shaped receiver 22, the order is reversed, so that the winding wire placed last with its first half is placed first into the second half of the receiver 22; the next-to-last wave winding is placed second, and so forth. As a result, in the winding heads of the second wire layer in the stator, the wire intersections are located on the other gable half.
Besides such convolutions, electrical connections and alternations in the order, the further possibility exists upon placement of the wave windings in the slots of the receiver 22 of bending open individual waves of an already-placed wave winding and bending them back again, after the placement of one or more further wave windings, into the slots of the receiver 22; as a result, at a defined point, a variation in the order of wave windings located one above the other is attained.
In the next parallel-operating stations, identified by reference numerals 30 and 30′, respectively, the wave windings 10 are placed in the intended order and arrangement into the slots of the rod-shaped receiver 22, specifically with as many wire layers in each slot as are placed jointly in a single work step into the slots of a rotor or stator lamination packet or a rotorlike transfer tool. In
In the transfer station 34, the wave windings are transferred from a rod-shaped receiver 22 first, in this example, to a rotorlike transfer tool having radially outwardly open slots. For details, see the description hereinafter of
It may be expedient for the wave windings produced in the forming device 24′ to be formed with somewhat narrower winding heads than in the forming device 24, and in the transfer station 34 and insertion station 38 for first one group of wave windings from the forming device 24 and then one group of wave windings from the forming device 24′ to be introduced in alternation into the stator lamination packet by means of suitable transfer tools. With the winding heads of different widths, the different radii of the wave windings after their introduction into the stator lamination packet can be taken appropriately into account.
At the beginning of the continuous forming operation, the beginning of the winding wire, marked 56, as shown in
In the phase of
Once the wire guide 54 has been rotated onward and has reached the position of
After this, the above-described events are repeated, if with continued rotation the looping peg 60 reaches the position in which the looping peg 58 is located in
To obtain a rotary motion with brief interruptions for the wire guide 54 in the particular phase in which wire loops are stripped from the looping pegs 58, 60 onto the forming protrusions 50 of the disk 48, a suitable indexing mechanism, for instance in the form of a Maltese-cross drive mechanism, can be used.
The drawing off of wire from the wire supply 26 includes a wire brake. The winding wire 56 is therefore under tensile stress during the formation of loops around the forming protrusions 50, and as the wire loops are being deposited onto the forming protrusions 50, a certain forming into waves or zigzag shape takes place. The tensile stress in the winding wire would normally, however, not suffice to form the gable-shaped winding heads 14 exactly with their angles and straight intermediate segments, even if the forming protrusions 50 have a cross section corresponding to the form of the winding heads 14. To achieve the desired form of the winding heads 14, it is therefore provided that the distance between the co-operating forming protrusions 50 of both circumferential rows on the disks 46, 48, in the circumferential region in which the wave winding band 52 is transported from the loop-forming point to the point where it is paid out from the disks 46, 48, is first increased by a certain amount that suffices to achieve a relatively high tensile stress required for the shaping of the winding wire and then reduced again.
If the forming protrusions 50 are mounted, axially controllably displaceably, on a wide roller with the intended intermediate spacing, the roller can simultaneously rotate about a straight axis. Conversely, if instead of a wide roller two disks 46, 48 are used, then the forming protrusions 50 need not execute a relative axial motion, because then it suffices for the disks 46, 48 to be supported such that during the rotary motion the spacing between two obliquely opposed forming protrusions that carry the wave winding band is first increased and then reduced again. In the simplest case, for this purpose, the axes of rotation of the two disks 46, 48 can be inclined, dropping off laterally toward the outside. The spacing between the two disks 46, 48 and thus between the obliquely opposed forming protrusions 50 is then greatest at the top and least at the bottom, and at the point of loop formation is approximately the same size as at the point where the wave winding band 52 is paid out from the disks 46, 48. Along the way from the loop-forming point to the payout point, the intermediate spacing between the forming protrusions 50 therefore increases, as desired, and then becomes less again. It is understood that still other supports for the disks 46, 48 that generate a tumbling motion of the disks with the aforementioned effect could be selected.
Finally, it should be noted that for creating gable-shaped winding heads 14, it is not necessary to use forming protrusions 50 with a matching cross-sectional shape. The latter could instead be replaced by three pins each, for instance, which are seated at those points where the laterally outermost corners of the forming protrusions 50 are located. Producing the pins is more economical than producing the forming protrusions 50.
It is understood that instead of the gable-shaped cross section, the forming protrusions 50 can have some other shape suitable for winding heads instead. The same is correspondingly true for the arrangement of the pins alternatively used.
At the point on the circumference of the disks 46, 48 that in this example is approximately opposite the loop-forming point, a deflection baffle disposed in the interstice between the disks 46, 48 can assure that the wave winding band 52 will detach reliably from the forming protrusions 50 and initially will form a freely suspended loop 74, before the wave winding band 52 is grasped by drivers 78 on a conveyor belt 76 which can be driven to revolve endlessly and conveyes the wave winding band 52 to the stamping device 28. The freely suspended loop 74 fluctuates in its length during operation and forms a buffer store, which compensates for the uneven draw-off speed, resulting from times when the conveyor belt 76 is not moving, in comparison to the uniform feeding speed of the disks 46, 48. The loop 74 can optionally be supported by a flexible guide 80 that is resiliently yielding when loaded with weight, to prevent excessive lengthening of the wave winding band 52 from its own weight.
The stamping station 28 has the function of deforming the winding heads 14 perpendicular to the plane of the wave winding band 52 in such a way that the winding heads, which overlap in the mounted state in the stator lamination packet, do not hinder one another, and the wave windings 10 of the same wire layer, for instance the radially outermost wire layer, can be placed in the stator slots in their appropriate position with as much freedom from tension as possible, so that the intersecting winding heads need not be pressed against one another in the insertion process to such an extent that they deform and allow the straight portions of the wave windings 10 to assume their intended position in the stator slots.
Depending on the intended object, the male dies 82 and female dies 84 are dimensioned and shaped such that in each stamping operation one or more winding heads 14, in their entirety or in part, can be forced out upward or downward relative to the primary plane of the wave winding band 52. In this way, with a sufficient number of dies, all the winding heads 14 of one wave winding 10 can be simultaneously formed with a single stroke. Alternatively, the possibility exists of forming the winding heads 14 of a wave winding 10 in multiple strokes using fewer dies 82, 84. Normally, the conveyor belt 76 will be stopped during the shaping, and in that period of time the disks 46, 48 feed the wave winding band 52 created into the loose loop 74 acting as a buffer store. If a high production capacity is desired, then the male dies 82 and female dies 84, in conjunction with a longer conveyor belt 76, can also be operated in flying fashion, so that during the shaping operation, they are moved parallel to the conveyor belt 76 at the speed of that belt. In such a mode of operation, the freely suspended loop 74 is not needed.
Besides the dies 82, 84, cutting tools not shown are also mounted in the stamping device 28; they sever the wave winding band 52 at predetermined points in order to obtain wave windings 10 of a certain length. The wire ends of the cut-off wave windings are drawn out by grippers, not shown, to the connecting ends 16 shown in
The stamping device 28 is optionally also adjoined by a further work station, in which by machine or by hand a long wave winding 10 is folded back onto itself in such a way that a distributed wave winding of half the length is created. Alternatively, two wave windings 10 can be placed one over the other to form a distributed wave winding and electrically connected to one another at one end. The possibility also exists of intersecting one or more wave windings, which are intended to be located side by side in different slots, at certain points in such a way that over a portion of its length, one wave winding is located under another wave winding, but over another portion of its length it is located above it.
In the next work step, the wave windings 10 formed as described above are placed in the loading station marked 30 in
Instead of the two guide devices 90, 92, a single, larger guide device could also be used. Alternatively, it would be possible to provide machine-actuatable tappets or slides, which with one or two strokes each push the straight portions, retained in a slot of the receiver 22, into the opposite slot of the transfer tool 88.
The tangential disposition, shown in
How many wave windings will be transferred in one operation from the rod-shaped receiver 22 onto the transfer tool 88 and from the transfer tool onto a rotor or stator lamination packet with radially inwardly open slots depends on the individual case. Normally, two transfer operations will usually suffice.
There are various possible ways of radially extending and retracting the slides 94 by means of power cylinders or worm drives. One simple exemplary embodiment is shown in
As an alternative to the disks 46, 48, disks of infinitely great diameter corresponding to rods, with forming protrusions 50 mounted on them, or analogously to the aforementioned roller, one rod with two rows of transversely displaceable forming protrusions in cooperation with a wire guide 54, could form the forming device for bandlike wave windings 10. In that embodiment, all the other elements and provisions described above can be retained unchanged or adopted appropriately.