Improvement in type-writing machines
US 79265 A
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UNITED STATES lPATENT OFFICE.
C. LATHAM' SIIOLES, CARLOS GLIDDEN, AND SAMUEL lV. SOULE, OF MIL:-
' WAUKEE, WISCONSIN.
IMPROVEMENT iN TYPE-WRITING MACHINES.-
' Specification forming part of LettersPatent No. 79,265, dated June 23, 1868.
.To aZZ whom it may concern..-
Be it known that we, C. LATHAM SHoLEs, CARLOS GLIDDEN, and SAMUEL W. SoULE, of
the city of Milwaukee, and county of Mil- Wau kee,and State of Wisconsimhave invented new and useful Improvements in Type-friting Machines; and We do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable those skilled in the art to make and use the same,
.reference being had to. the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which- Figure l is a perspective view of the machine; Figs. 2, B, 4, 5, 6` and 9, views of detached parts thereof; Fig. 7, a view of a longitudinal vertical section thereof, and Fig. 8
to siii inches deep, or of any requisite dimensions, of material and finish to ones taste, with. the lid 0r cover A hinged to the back board A2 by hinges f, as shown in- Figs. 7 and 8. In the cover cui' a circle, as shown in Fig.'
7. Make a circular annular disk ll, of any hard tough material (we use and prefer brass) four to five inches in diameter, or any re-A quired size, with a circle or hole in the cen ter, one to one and a halt' or more inches in diameter, with the outer edge orperiphery' one-half to three-fourths ot' an inch or more thick, and the inner edge or circumference of the central circle two-eighths to threeeghths of an inch 'or more thick, with the top side planed level and smooth and the bottom side beveled, if preferred, from the outer -to the inner edge With as many radial slots or grooves as types to be used cut in the bottom side from the central circle to the periphery, and deep to within an eighth of au inch of the top, less or more, with slots in the outer edge or periphery one-half to three-fourths -eirele to meet and fit exactly the radial grooves, and with a groove for pivot-wire eut in and circumseribing the periphery, as shown in Figs. l and 5.
OE any suitable material (we use and prefer steel) make as many type bars or hammers o as types to be used orslots in the disk. Pivot the outer ends of the type-bars in the slots in the outer edge by a Wire laid in the groove'in the periphery cireumscribing the disk. On the upper sides of the inner ends of the type-bars cut in relief the types to be used. Make all the type-bars of the'exact length of the radins of the circle of the disk,
so each type on lthe inner ends, when thrown v up into the radial grooves, will strike against l the central point. (See Figs` l, 5, and 7.) Fasten the disk thus combined withthe typebars in the circle i-n the cover of the case, as shown in Figs. l'and 7,byanyconvenieutmeans not interfering with the working of the typebars. (We set it onwireposts fastened tothe bottom of the case.) In the case, on a suitable frame, put a key-hoard similar to the keyboard of a piano, having as many keys L, plus one, as types to be used, as shown in Fig. 1, each key reaching from the front in under or opposite thetypc-bars and pivoted toorvibrating on the fulerum or beam M, as shown in Fig. 7. On the inner end of each kcy,except ing the space-key, fasten a linger u, made in any convenient way, (we use a stiff wire,) 0r bend the inner ends of the keys so the fingers will be part olfl the keys to reach the corresponding type-bar, so that when the front end of the key is pressed down it will strike and throw the type-bar up into its radial groove and its type-end against the central point, as shown in Fig. 7. The ends ofthe fingers will thus be in a circle corresponding to the circle of the disk and type-bars. Within and below the circle of the fingers and typebars set a cushion or rest q, ot any material for the type-bars to fall back and rest on after having been thrown up against the central point, as shown in Fig. 7. Over the eentrai point of the inner circle of the disk suspend a solid anvil or post O' in any firm manner, as by the arm I), fastened to the edge of the case and reaching out to the anvil, as shown in Figs. 1 and 7. In the bott-0m of the anyil make a spherical cavity or bowl. Make lj ust admit the paper to be Written on and the carbonized paper or inking-ribbon to pass easily under the platen and over the disk and case. This adjustable platen insu res the types meeting the paper evenly and squarely, and giving a full and fair impression thereof when thrown against the paper.
Make an open frame C, C', and C2 with the bars CV and C2 as arms to the main` bar C, as shown' in Fig. 1,the armsiprojecting at a right angle to the main bar. Extend the arm C so that when the main bar C is laid flush and even with the front edgeof the main part of the cover of the case it will reach entirely across to the back of V,the case and project so Athat the cord 'v may be attached to the open end, as shown in Fig. 1. To the front edge of the bar C attach a cleat S, to jut down against the edge of the cover of the case, as shown in Fig. 1.V On the front edge of the top of the cover lay a rail, and on the under side of the bar C at each end, in the cor-ner next tothe cleat S, pivot a small flange-Wheel to roll on the rail and enable the frame to move easily from right to left and back, or attach the ears g to theedge of the cover or table, as shown in Fig. 1, (two, next the keys, not being seen in 'the drawings, because of the cleat S,) and under the cleat S fasten two rings to serve as guides. To the ears g attach rods c,
4extending from the ears seen in Fig. 1 to the ears unseen next the keys and through. the
' guides. -This willenable the frame to slide easily from right to left and back, and be a guide to keep it always in place. To and Within the frame C, C ,and C2attach another open frame E, E', and E2, as shown in Fig. 1, with 'the-bar E opposite and parallel to the bar C, and the bars E' and E2 parallel with the bars C and C2. To the bars C and C2 attach springs b on a line through the center of the platen, parallel to the bar C, to press down on the bars E and E2. Arrange the frame E, E', and E2- to slide to and from the bar C, the bars E and E2 along the bars C and C2, either by slots or grooves in the inner edges of the bars C and C2, and tongues on the outer edges of the bars E and E2 to fit and work therein, or by clasps on the bars E' and E2, reaching over and around the bars C' and C2, and fitted so as to slide readily or by any other obvious device. At the ends of the bars E' and E2, where they join the bar' E, fasten two -limber,A thin, at wire springs a, as long as the bars E and E2, so that in sliding the frame E, E', and E2 to and from theA bar C the springs a, will be pressed close to the bars F. and E2 at every point in their length as they pass down and under the springs b, attached to the bars C' and C2. Rabbet the bars E, E,and E2 at their inner edges, so they may be'as thin as practicable, and 'form a chase or bed for the paper to lie in. This combination of devices fo'rms a sim ple and practicable paper-carriage, the larger and primary frame C, C', and C2, movable to and from in one direction-say east and westcarrying the smaller and secondary frame E, E', and E2 with it, and the latter frame movable in the transverse direction to and from north and south, while the former is station# ary, thus furnishing a movement in' one direction for a line of words and-iii the opposite direction for a series of lines.4
On the edgeof thecoverot` the caseatthe right ot the paper-carriage attach the bar F, laid on stops or shoulders, so that the underside of the bar will be one-half inch or'more above the table or cover of the case. In this bar set a series of pins e, running down into the table, so as to be fast and irxnat regular and equal dis: tances apart, the distance desired for the space :(includig the line) fromone'line o f writing to another, as-shown in Fig.1. From the right-hand edge of the bar E of the papercarriage projecta lip outmnder the bar C or from the clas'p attached to E' and'around-C', and ou this lip pivot a pawl h, with a sharp incline ou the side toward the front of the case running to a point, so` arranged with a stop that it cannot be turned on the pivot inV the direction of the back 'of the case, but readily turned in the opposite direction and heldin position by a yieldinglspring l, all as shown in Figs. l and 3. By moving the carriage to the right side of the case the point of the pawl hwill just pass a pin e on the side from the front of the case. The incline of the Ypawl on the side next the pin being equal tothe distance from one pin to another,
and the pawl not being turnable on its pivot in the direction from the front to the back of the case, the frame E, E', and E2, with the' paper, when on it, necessarily will be moved the proper distance from one line of writing to another.
Attach to the right-hand corner of the carriage-frame a cord a and run it lengthwise of the bar under the bar C in a groove in the 'bar or table for that purpose, or it maybe closeto and inside of the bar, over a pulley e', itted in and below the top surface of the table, as shown in Fig. 1, and fasten to the other end of it a weight under the case, but unseen in the drawings. Tothe other end of the bar C fasten a cord o, and run it down over av large pulley R on the back side of the case A2, and to the other end of the cord hang the weight W, as shown in Fig. 8. 'lhese cords o and a', attached one to each corner of the carriage on one side, running over the pulleys R and' e and fastened to the weight W and the vweight W (unseen in the drawings) are the force and means of moving the carriage and paper while Writing.
Under the table or cover of the case, behind the beam or fnlcrum M, between the fulcrum'and the disk a' suitable distance, on and across all the keys, lay a bar T, with the ends bent at a right angle and extended and pivoted to the frame .below and in front of the fulcrum, as shown at s, Fig. 7, so that when the front ends ofthe keys are pressed down the rear ends will strike against and raise the bar an extent in proportion to the distance from the fulcrum. Connect. a lever II to the middle -ot' the bar T, midway ot the key-board, extending directly over and parallel with and between the middle keys, and pivoted in the middle on a suitable support, as shown in Fig. 7. Bifurcate the front end of this lever and make the right-side faces of the forks perpendicular' and the left-side faces inclined, the upper one to the left upward and the under one to the left downward, with the under edge of the upper fork and the upper edge of the under fork `sharp like saw-teeth, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, particularly in Fig. 2. Fasten to the bar C of the carriage-frame two holders or arms d, extending down through the cleat S, or fasten them directly to the cleat, and pivot in their lower Vends the ends of the ratchet-bar'I, as shown in Figs. l and 2. Serrate the bar I on both. sides with notches like saw-teeth, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Make these notches, teeth, or
cogs regular and eqnidistant apart, the exact distance required for a letter in writing or printing on the paper. Make the left side of the faces. of the teeth or cogs perpendicular, both above and below, and the right-side faces inclined exactly alike, but the reverse of the teethorcogsoftheinneredgesoftheforksofthe lever I-I, so that of the lever H, with its forks embracing the ratchet-bar I, in moving up and down first one and then the other forks will strike and tit into the notches of the bar I, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Make the forks of the lever H so far asunder as just to allow the ratchet I in its widest way to pass be tween. At. the right side, considered from the front of the under fork of the lever H,at tach a thin yielding spring i, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Make the upper and sharp edge of the under fork stand a hair-breadth or slight distance to the right of the under and sharp edge of the upper fork, and then, as the weights lV and W', attached to the cords 'v and a', over the pulleys Rand e', as shown in Figs. 1 and 8, (excepting that the weigh* W is unseen in thed rawings,) are constan tl y pulling at the carriage to draw it from the right to the lett of the table or case. \Vhen the upper fork is thrown up` out of an upper notch4 in the ratchet, the carriage will move to the left till the left-side perpendicular face of the tooth or cog n ext to the right and below meets and strikes against the rightside perpendicular face of the under fork, and the carriage is thereby stopped.` Fix the thin yielding spring i so that when the upper fork is pressed down Vinto an upper notch of the ratchet I the springwill fiy back against and up into the next tooth and notch to the right below. The oice of this yielding spring is to assist the 'under fork to catch every under tooth and not let one slip by. As the ratchet is'tnoved along by the cai riage till the face of the tooth to the rightbelow strikes and stops against the spring and under fork, the left perpendicular face of the tooth directly above is moved to and directly inline up and down into a' hair-breadth with the perpendicular face of the fork above, so that wheilthe. front end or forks of the lever are moved or notch till the next tooth to the right below,
with the yielding spring in the notch at its perpendicular face, stri kes against the perpendiculafaceof the under fork. Inthis way the ratchet and carriage are held frmlystill, while the front or bifurcated end of the lever l,
H is thrownand held down, but moves to the left one notch, a regular, exact, and equal' distance every time the bifurcated end of the level? is thrown up, and as striking down the front end of each key, as at L in Fig. 1, raises the bar T laid across the key at the rear of the fulcrum M, and raises the rear end of the 1ever H,'attached to the bar Tj, it therefore necessarily throws down the bilfurcated orfront end of the lever, and as thb key rises to its place of rest again all these' movements are reversed and necessarily throw up again the front end of the lever. VThus the working of the keys L. in combination with the weights W and NV', (the latterunseern) the cords 'v and a the pulleys R and e', thebar T, the lever H, the ratchet I, and the carriage inevitably moves the paper a regular, umform, and exact distance-any distance desired for a type or letter every time a key is struck-and the paper is moved while the type-bar is falling to the cushion, and stopped and held firmly stationary while the type 1s struck against it and the platen.
On the end of the ratchet I, tothe right, attach the lever z, to turn it down tlatwise when desired, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. To the bar, C of the carriage attach a yielding spring to hold the lever and ratchet in per'4 pendicular position, ,while the carriage. is moving from right to left. as shown 1n Figs. 1 and 2. Tu rn the lever z forward and down, and therewith the ratchet, to a horizontal position, and the ratchet and carriage can be moved from left to right, the ratchet through and between the'embracing-forks of the lever H readily and without obstruction. This can be done by the handor by any obvious device by a' foot-treadle, thus completing the means for the right and left movement ofthe carriage and paper.
0n the front end of th'earm D, just behindv the anvil, put a cross-,beam D', as shown in Figs. 1, 8, and 9. In the end of the cross- '.beam, at -theright, put a gudgeon s', and. through the end at the left run a shaft Z, and
through a box at the left side of the back end of the arm D, as shown in Iigs. 1 and 8,
-make two ribbon-spools m, of any adequate size, with holes in their centers, to slip'on and revolve on the gudgeon s', as shown in Figs. 1, 8, and 9. Atthe circumference of the holes in the spools m in the inner edge of each spool, through from side to side, cut aslot to 'it .on a key er cog or spur onl the front end of the shaft l forward of the cross-beam D', so that whichever spool is put on the shaft will be fast thereto and cannot revolve there' on. On the hind end of the shaft l fasten a pulley k., as shown in Figs. 1 and 8. Makev the pulleys R and k, as shown in Fig. 8, cone pulleysthat is, make each R and k a series of pulleys, decreasing in size in regular coni# cal order. Pivot the pulleyR on a bar P, and
' pivot the bar P to the backside of the case A2, so that the pulley may rise and fall freely, .as-shown in Fig.;8. Attach a ratchet-wheel V,.wi'th a pawl t, pivoted to the bar P, as shown in Fig. 8, to follow and fall into the notches 'et' the ratchet-wheel to prevent/the wheel turnf not slip in working. Upon the spool m on the gudgeon s' wind the nking-ribbon, and run one endunder the platen G and attach it to the spool m on the shaft l, as shown in Fig. 1. Themas striking each key L permits the weight W,"`by means of the cord fu over the pulley R, to pull or moveA the carriage the space of one notch of the ratchet-bar Lit will necessarily roll the pulley R a corresponding distance, and,as the pulleys R and k are connected by the band fu', and the pulley k and the left spool m, considered from the front, both being fast to the shaft l, rolling the pulley R necessarily will roll the spoolsm and draw the ribbon from the loose'spool on the gudgeon s' underV the platenG and onto the spool attached to the shaft l, and thus give a fresh place of the inking-ribbon every time for every type to strike against, and by means of the series of conical pulleys at R and k the feed of the hiking-ribbon can be regulated as may be desired.
Thus made, the type-writer is the simplest,
moist 'perfectly adapted toits Work-#the writing of ordinary communications with types instead of a pen-and in every way the best of all machines yet designed for the purpose, particularly as to the costof making the malchine and the neatness' and labor-saving quality of its Work.
Fig. 6 of the drawings represents a crescent or the segment comprising half a disk.` By making the circumference large enough `to receive the requisite number of radial grooves the crescent may be substituted for the disk, or,'in other Words, the segment comprising one-half for the whole disk.
i What we claim as-new and useful in our invention, and desire to secure by patent, 1s
1. The key-levers L, vibrating on the fulcrum M, with the inner ends or fingers u reaching. under the type-bars, so that the keys will act directly on lthe types, substantiallyas and for the purpose described.
2. The spacer or ratchet I, combined with the bifurcated lever H, connected with the bar T,pivoted at sand resting on and across the arms of the keys L behind the fulcrum M, so that striking the faces of the keys will work the teeth of the forks of the lever up and down and into the notches of the spaces and give a certain uniform and regular space movement to the paper-carriage in line ofthe types, when made 'substantially as described. v l
3. The pins e, fastened to the table A',com bined with the pawl hand the spring Z -to give the paper-carriage a certain and regular cross-line movementat a right angle to the Space movement from line to line, when made substantially as described.
4. The clasps or springs b, attached to the bars C and C on a line through the middle -of the platen G, combined with the springs a, attached to the har E to hold the paper to the carriage and press it down smooth and tight in passing under the platen, when 4made substantially as described.
5. The spools fm, combined with the. gudgcon s', the shaft l, the pulleys k and R, the Y band v', the cord 1.-,the weight W,the ratchetwheel V, the pawl t, and the bar P, pivoted to the back of the ca se A2 to feed a fresh part of the inking-ribbon vunder the platen to each type successively, when made substantially .as described.
This specification signed this 1st day of May, A. l). 1ste.
.C. LA'lllAM Sl-IGLES. CARLOS. GLIDDEN. SAMUEL W. SOULE. Witnesses:
G. E. WEISS, F. J. CROSBY.