Going by canon, it depends entirely on the writer! We've such completely random and incompatible time/speed/distances over the years it's impossible to give an answer.
Going by non-canon sources, it depends entirely on who drew the maps! Star Trek Maps
, The Star Trek Star Charts
, The Star Fleet Technical Manual
and FASA's manuals all have different ideas about how the Federation is sized, shaped and laid out.
Although in DS9, we saw the characters get to any major planet in the space of a scene break via Runabout - which is just a glorified shuttle. The Making of Deep Space Nine
says their top speed is warp 4.7, although that was (perhaps wisely!) never stated on-screen.