19th century - Europe's want for economic and poliitical power by taking over other countries
Sir Henry Morton Stanley
famous for finding Henry Livingstone and infamous for aiding in the set up of the Congo Free State
first proposed by August Comte in 1830
"philosophy of Epistemology" - the world is a knowable place. Rejection of metaphysical knowledge
wrote the Origin of the Species in 1859
opposed Polygeniture ideas, but for creditibility's sake his name got stuck with Social Darwinism
coined the term "survival of the fittest" (1857)
founder of Social Darwinism; history is the story of progress from simple to advanced
1899 "Interpretation of Dreams"; pyschoanalyst
believed that our subconscious self exerts a major impact on outward behaviour; Id, Ego, Superego
Nihilist and german philosopher "God is Dead"
questioned fundamental meaning of life and universe...believed that there was NO meaning to life...ppl just exist and then die
Late 19th Century
Trying to capture a single ordinary moment in time...
Beginning of Photography
showed what ppl wanted to see rather than Realism; bright, luminous, but everythings a bit fuzzy... Intentionally perfect.
artist; painted The Scream in 1893; depicting Freud's need for "Id explosion"
Expressionistic Movement - response to Impressionistic arts
1871 France becomes center of arts; "The Beautiful Era"...peaceful times for Europe..ending with WWI 1914
1877 - Russo-Turkish war fighting over control of Balkans
Melting-pot of ethnicities under Ottoman Empire's control; all of wanted natural resources and central location
economic system where the means of production is owned by the people in order to promote distribution of wealth and public welfare
1914 - the German's plan to wage war on both sides of their country against France and Russia...but were taken by surprize at unforeseen changes
fighting along the Russian border...many battles along the entire line..harsher conditions
Rallied up nationalism in Europe and US; asked for soldiers and warbonds; de-humanized the enemy in the minds of the citizens; rallied hatred
1917 - the Soviets were community level organizers who became the face of the govt. Eventually lead the rev
1917 - Russian Rev and wrote the April Theses, a plan for the Bolsheviks takeover of Russia; Lenin was the brain of the group
1918 - Bolsheviks overthrow Provisional Govt. Lenin exits Russia from WWI, Civil War breaks out, Capital moved to Moscow
Paris Peace Conference
1919-1920 : Ottoman Empire disbanded, Austria Hungary divided; Mandate System set up
Treaty of Versailles
1919 - War Guilt Clause for Germany. Alsace and Lorraine returned to France, Germany forced to pay repairation costs of 132 Marks, loses all colonies, forced to de-militarize.