the study of the cause, incidence, source, method of transmission, and distribution of disease in a population (group of animals / humans)
study infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases such as chronic illnesses, accidents, environmental issues, behavioral problems.
Clinical Signs or Symptomatic
the animal is infected and shows a variety of clinical signs of the disease
This is a disease that is found at a fairly constant, low incident rate in a population
Example: Rabies in certain wildlife species in certain areas
Occurrence of more cases of disease than would normally be expected in a population: an increase in cases
This may also be called an Epizootic when animals are affected
examples: Spinal Meningitis in school age children or typical flu cases
Epidemics that spread to several countries / new continents (worldwide), which affect large number of animals/people
Examples: AIDS, Influenza, Plague
orderly classification of organisms into groups and this classification scheme allows every single organism to have a specific scientific name
~cells that do not have a "true" nucleus and are relatively simple cells. The genetic material is found loose in the cell.
~cells that have a defined / "true" nucleus surrounded by a membrane and are much more complex
~Fungi, Protozoa, Animal, and Plant cells
Microbes that colonize the human body during birth or shortly thereafter, remaining throughout life
Ex; skin (especially the moist areas, such as the groin and between the toes), respiratory tract (particularly the nose), urinary tract, and the digestive tract (primarily the mouth and the colon)
tiny organisms—too tiny to see without a microscope
~belonging to the bacteria group are made up of only one cell
occurs when cells or molecules in your body stop working properly, causing symptoms of illness. Many things can cause a disease, including altered genes, chemicals, aging, and infections
groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function
~Ex liver, respiratory system, or blood.
(Mycoses) disease that effect your skin, nails, body hair, internal organs such as your lungs, and body systems such as your nervous systemmycoses.
any tiny (usually microscopic) entity capable of carrying on living processes; kinds of microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses; seen only by a microscope.
study of how microbes work and how to control them. It seeks ways to use that knowledge to prevent and treat the diseases microbes cause.
a system (including the thymus and bone marrow and lymphoid tissues) that protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing the immune response
a process of stimulates the body's immune system to defend against attack by particular contagious disease
usually develop from acute infections and can last for days to months to a lifetime. Sometimes people are unaware they are infected but still may be able to transmit the germ to others
infections that are "hidden" or "silent" and may or may not cause symptoms again after the first acute episode.
occurs when a microbe—such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, or parasite—enters your body and begins to reproduce
very tiny, simple organisms not able to metabolize, grow, or reproduce on its own, but must take over a host cell that provides these functions without the aid of a host cell, and is therefore not considered "living."
a process when a virus finds a suitable host to reproduce and attaches to the surface of the cell or is ingested into the cell
substances that will destroy an invader and prevent the host from contracting the same disease again in the future
a type of asexual reproduction; divide in two, and each new bacterium is a clone of the original - they each contain a copy of the same DNA
measures the capacity of the bacterium to produce toxins (chemical substances that cause damage to the host)
large, plant-like organisms that lack chlorophyll therefore needing to absorb food from whatever they are growing on
nitrogenous substance found inthe cell wall of a fungis (not found in the cell walls of plants, but can be found in the outer shells of some crabs and mollusks)
mode of reproduction used fungi that form hyphae; hyphae break off and grow as new individuals.
secrete digestive enzymes and absorb the resulting soluble nutrients from whatever they are growing on.
positive host microbe relationship where one partner of the relationship benefits (usually the microbe) and the other partner (usually the host) is neither benefited nor harmed
negative host microbe relationship where the microbe benefits at the expense of the host and causes damage to the host