Computer Basic NotesWhat is a Computer
A computer is a programmable machine that responds to instructions in a set manner. It can execute a program.Types of computers:
(1) MAC (Macintosh platform)
(2) PC (IBM platform)
Computers have the following components:
- Hardware - is all physical components of a computer system such as the case and monitor. Anything you can see or touch.
- Software - a set of electronic instruction for the computer that helps you do something useful. You cannot see or touch software.
- Input - act like the eye and ears of the computer. They accept information and convert it into a format the CPU can work with. EX> Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone, camcorder.
- Process - The CPU (central procession unit) uses the computer’s electronic memory to help carry out instructions from the application software and accomplish a task.
- Output - information processed by the CPU is sent to an output device or storage device. Output devices convert the computer language into a format we can work with. Ex. Monitor, printer, speakers
- RAM - random access memory - the electronic memory of a computer which is used to temporarily hold information. This information is erased as soon as the power is turned off.
- MB - Megabyte - a measure of memory or storage. The more you have the better.
- MHz - Megahertz - a measure of processing speed. The higher the value the faster the computer.
- CDROM - Compact disk Read only memory. You can only read from a CD not record to a CD ROM.
- Binary code - a code system which combines a sequence of on and off impulses in which the computer can understand.
- Saving files - when saving a file you should save in the correct period number folder which is a subdirectory of the Classdoc. Directory which is located in the C:/drive. The name of your file should include which activity you are on and your initials.
- Storage devices
5.25 floppy disk can hold 72K
3.5 floppy disk can hold 1.44 megs
Hard disk an internal storage device. The storage size is usually from 1 gig and up
ZIP disk can hold 100 megs
CD Write can hold 650 megs
- The computer understands on and off. A code system called binary code combines the on and off sequences to create a language the computer understands. Binary code consist of eight on or off. Each on or off is called a bit.
The smallest amount of information is a bit
Byte = 8 bit
Kilobyte = 1,000 bytes
Megabyte = 1,000,000 bytes or 1,000 kilobytes
Gigabyte = 1,000,000,000 or 1,000,000 kilobytes or 1,000 megabytes
The disk drive determines the path by which you send and receive information to the computer. Information stored on a disk is measured in bytes. Think of a byte as a letter of the alphabet.Mouse
is an acronym for Manually Oscillating Utensil Sonically Engaged. It is the electronic finger of the computer. It is used to point at items in the window environment. The mouse arrow indicates your position on the screen.
is the computer’s screen or display. Monitors come in sizes from 14 inch, 17 inch, to as large as Gateway’s 36 inch monitor.
is another means of sending information to the computer.Modem
is a mechanical means of translating computer information or retrieving information from the Internet via a phone line.Computer “No-No’s”
1. Never turn the computer off in the middle of a program or in the window environment. Always close all programs, click Start, click Shut Down, click Shut down, the computer, and wait until you see the screen “It is now safe to turn off your computer”.
2. Never remove a diskette from drive A: or CD from the CD ROM drive when the light is on. Always wait until the light is off.
3. Never turn a computer off and on without waiting at least 60 seconds.
4. Never use a magnet around a computer, monitor, or diskette.
5. Never force a diskette into the drive.
6. No food or drink should be near the computer.
7. Turn the computer off before connecting new hardware.