11. Grimmia laevigata (Brid.) Brid. 阔叶紫萼藓 kuo-ye zi-e xian
Bryol. Univ. 1: 183. 1826. Campylopus laevigatus Brid., Muscol. Recent. Suppl. 4: 76. 1819. Type. Italy: “In Tyrole Italico, item circa Romam, Neapolin et in insula Ischia in rupibus apricis 1806 abunde” (lectotype B, designated by T. Cao & Vitt 1986).
Plants small, up to 1.5 cm high, dark green to dark brown, in dense or loose, rigid tufts. Stems mostly simple, with well developed central strand in cross section. Leaves erect, imbricate, closely appressed when dry, spreading when moist, larger and crowded toward stem tips, 1.5–2.9 mm long, oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, concave, never keeled, ending in a spinulose, hyaline hair-point, ca. 0.4–1.0 mm long; the lower leaves smaller, more or less muticous; margins plane, entire; costa slender, broad at leaf base, ending near the apex, in cross section flattened, with small median cells and small abaxial cells; upper cells bistratose, obscure, small, 5–7 µm wide, irregularly rounded-quadrate, thick-walled; basal marginal cells short, quadrate or nearly so, 6–14 µm × 9 µm, with transverse walls thicker than longitudinal ones; basal juxtacostal cells elongate, 14–64 µm × 5–7 µm. Dioicous. Perichaetial leaves similar to upper stem leaves. Setae straight, twisted to left when dry, 1.7–2.0 mm long, yellowish brown; capsules reddish brown, 1.0–1.5 mm long, ovoid to oblong-cylindrical, nearly smooth when dry; exothecial cells irregularly quadrate, thick-walled; stomata present near base of urn; annuli differentiated in 2–3 rows of elongate cells with very thick walls; opercula with short beaks; peristome teeth erect, lanceolate, ca. 0.2 mm long, variously split and perforate above, reddish brown, outer surface densely papillose above, finely papillose below, inner surface papillose throughout. Calyptrae mitrate. Spores 7–9 µm in diameter, yellowish, nearly smooth.