In a nerve, what structure does the axon originate from? (p. 456)
|A)||the axon hillock|
|E)||the terminal bouton|
Derived from white blood cells, these cells in the central nervous system are often found at the site of injury of brain tissue. (p. 460)
A substance which stimulates a neuron to increase the number of receptors it has within its post synaptic membrane would be a (p. 477)
|D)||nerve growth factor|
|E)||neural integration factor|
During the depolarization phase of an action potential in a neuron (pp. 467-469)
|A)||K+ ions move from inside to outside the membrane|
|B)||Na+ ions move from outside to inside the membrane|
|C)||The Na/K ATPase pumps Na into the cell|
|D)||K+ and Na+ ions trade places across the membrane|
|E)||Both K+ and Na+ move from outside to inside the membrane|
Action potentials become weaker with distance. (p. 469)
Myelinated nerve fibers conduct action potentials faster than unmyelinated fibers. (pp. 470-472)
The neuronal circuitry typically encountered which allows the brain to control several skeletal muscles simultaneously would be a converging circuit. (p. 482)
The three fundamental physiological properties of nerve tissue are excitability, conductivity, and the ability to chemically excite other nerve cells.
Which of the following is true?
|A)||Neuroglial cells outnumber neurons in the brain by 1000 to 1.|
|B)||The somatic nervous system innervates the glands, and the cardiac and smooth muscle.|
|C)||In the CNS, gray matter contains neuronal cell bodies, while white matter contains axons.|
|D)||The peripheral nervous system consists of the spinal cord, spinal nerves, and ganglia.|
Which of the following cell types develops from WBCs called monocytes?
Which type of neuroglial cell produces cerebrospinal fluid?
Golden-brown pigment granules called lipofuscin are abundant in very young neurons.
In a neuron, the greatest concentration of neurotransmitter is found in the
The slowest nerve signal conduction rate occurs over large, myelinated nerve fibers.
Myelin is 80% lipid and 20% protein.
In a schwann cell, the neurilemma is
|A)||the outermost coil of the schwann cell.|
|B)||the nucleus of the schwann cell.|
|C)||a thin layer of connective tissue composed of basement membrane and collagen fibers.|
|D)||formed by oligodendrocytes.|
Nodes of Ranvier are gaps between adjacent
Which of the following uses a motor protein called dynein to move substances along microtubules in the axons
|B)||slow axonal transport|
|D)||fast anterograde transport|
A crushed peripheral nerve can be repaired if which of the following is(are) healthy?
|A)||cell body and dendrites|
|C)||dendrites and neurilemma|
|D)||cell body and neurilemma|
Which of the following statements is false?
|A)||A neuron cell membrane is very permeable to K+.|
|B)||Na+ is 40 times as concentrated in the ICF as in the ECF.|
|C)||The Na+/ K+ pump removes 3 Na+ from the cell for every 2 K+ it pumps into the cell.|
|D)||The unequal distribution of ions across the cell membrane produces the membrane potential.|
Which of the following is not characteristic of a local potential?
|A)||Local potentials can be either inhibitory or excitatory.|
|B)||Local potentials are reversed by the Na+/ K+ pump when cell stimulation stops.|
|C)||Local potentials occur at a great distance from where the stimulus was applied.|
|D)||Local potentials can vary in magnitude depending upon the strength of the stimuli.|
All parts of a neuron are not in the refractory period at the same time.
|B)||substances that modify the actions of neurotransmitters.|
|C)||a type of catecholamine such as epinephrine.|
There is some chemical communication that goes backwards across a synapse.
Declarative memory is the retention of motor skills such as typing.
What percentage of the U.S. population has Alzheimer disease by the age of 85?
These glial cells form the myelin sheath in the central nervous system:
A nerve signal would proceed most commonly in which order?
|A)||soma > dendrite > axon > synapse|
|B)||dendrite > soma > axon > synapse|
|C)||dendrite > synapse > soma > axon|
|D)||dendrite > soma > synapse > axon|
|E)||axon > soma > dendrite > synapse|
Which of the following factors increases the speed at which a nerve signal will travel?
|A)||smaller amount of myelin|
|B)||lack of Schwann cells|
|D)||increased axonal width|
|E)||increased synaptic receptors|
For the voltage-gated sodium/potassium channels to open, a critical voltage must be reached, which is called:
The period of time when a neuron cannot be stimulated again is:
A neurotransmitter related to mood is:
Monoamines typically produce this type of postsynaptic affect:
If a quiet sound induces the stimulation of low threshold neurons but not others, then we call this type of neural coding:
Tetanic stimulation combined with glutamate-NMDA receptors binding results in:
A degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra results in: