BG Chap 18 - The thinking of the foolish in relation to action
The five factors described above are the causes of all actions – done according to the scriptures or done against the scriptures. Therefore one who sees only himself as the doer is foolish and does not see things as they are. The jīva’s acting as the doer takes place only with the permission of the Lord, and depends on the body and senses given by the Lord. Although the material causes are the place, the worker, the endeavor and the senses, the final cause is the Supreme, the Personality of Godhead. Therefore, one should see not only the four material causes but the supreme efficient cause as well. One who lacks this knowledge sees only himself as the doer and thus is like a blind man. In chapter three, Kṛṣṇa referred to such thinking – kartāham iti manyate – as fit only for vimūḍhas. In chapter sixteen, He characterized such thinking – īśvaro’ham ahaṁ bhogī – as demoniac. Here Kṛṣṇa says such thinking as durmatiḥ.