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Is the study of matter and the changes that matter undergoes.
is anything that has mass and occupies space
form of matter that has definite composition and distinct properties.
They can be elements or compounds
Substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.
is a substance composed of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions
Cannot be separated into simpler substances by any chemical means.
Separation requires a chemical reaction.
physical combination of two or more substances
can be separated by physical means into pure components without changing the identities of the components.
measured and expressed with a number
do not require measurement and are based on observation.
can be observed and measured without changing the identity
state of matter changes but the identity of the matter doesnt change
what a substance exhibits as it interacts with another
one that results in a change of composition; the original substance no longer exists.
depends on the amount of matter (mass, volume)
does not depend on the amount of matter (temperature, density)
BASE SI UNITS: length, mass, time, electric current, temp, amount intensity
Prefixes with SI units
Freezing and Boiling point and kelvin --> celcius celcius to fahrenheit
freeze - 0
k = c + 273.15
f = (9/5 x temp in C) + 32 F
How many cm^3 in a mL? how to find density?
1cm^3 = 1 mL
D = m/v
Exact and Inexact numbers
exact - numbers which have defined values
inexact - obtained by any method other than counting
Accuracy and Precision
accuracy - how close a measurement is to the true value
precision - how closely multiple measurements of the same thing are to one another
Law of Multiple Proportions
if two elements can combine to form more than one compound with eachother the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in ratios of small whole numbers
basic unit of an element
Alpha, beta, gamma
alpha are positive
gamma no charge
used gold foil to prove the structure of the atom.
positive charge is in the nucleus
Protons and Neutrons
protons are positive, neutrons are neutral.
number of protons
number of protons and neutrons
same protons but different neutrons
horizontal rows in periodic table
Vertical columns in periodic table
Main group elements
1A through 7A on periodic table
good conductors of heat and electricity. shiny, malleable
represented by empirical formula
poor conductors of heat and electricity, brittle not shiny
may be written as empirical formula or as polyatomic molecules
outermost electrons of an atom
involved in formation of chemical bonds
1-8 from left to right on periodic table
number of electrons an element tends to gain or lose is a periodic property
+1, +2, +3, +/- 4, -3, -2, -1, 0
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