Establishing a Regional Reference Laboratory for Rabies Virus Typing at the Texas Department of Health: A Work in Progress
Rodney E. Rohde1,S.U. Neill2, M.G. Fearneyhough1,and J.S. Smith3
Texas Department of Health,1Zoonosis Control and 2Medical Virology, Austin, TX 78756. 3Rabies Section, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Abstract. Public health laboratories are facing critical issues, not the least of which is the problem of accurate surveillance of all of the rabies virus variants throughout the U.S. and other countries. The Rabies Steering Committee, which met at the CDC in Atlanta in 1994, recognized the utility of antigenic and molecular typing of virus variants in rabies surveillance and suggested an expansion of typing capabilities. The successful collaborations between the CDC and the Texas rabies laboratory over the last 15 years* produced the typing data to identify rabies variants common to animal reservoirs in the southwestern U.S. and Mexico and mapped their geographic distribution. Appropriately used, this knowledge should allow those who survey rabies to recognize when established reservoirs enlarge or expand into new areas or when different animal species become involved in cycles of rabies virus transmission. Key elements in this type of disease surveillance are a broad based sample collection system and the ability to process a large number of samples in a timely fashion. Methods of sample collection and rabies diagnostic testing already exist through public health laboratories in all 50 states; however, few of these laboratories have the expertise or operating budget to extend their laboratory testing to virus typing. The rabies laboratory at the CDC types several hundred samples each year, but does not have the staff to characterize the thousands of rabies positive animals identified each year in state laboratories. It is in this latter area that regional laboratories can expand and complement the flow of national surveillance data by increasing their surveillance activities to include antigenic and molecular typing of virus samples from the surrounding states.
This presentation will describe historical perspectives of rabies virus typing; discuss the process of program implementation; illustrate examples of various identified rabies virus variants; and assess the benefits associated with a regional reference laboratory. It is critical that all of the states function and work together if we are to augment a more vigilant surveillance system and the Texas Department of Health is in the unique position to lead the way.
*Smith, J.S., et al. 1986. Demonstration of antigenic variation among rabies virus isolates by using monoclonal antibodies to nucleocapsid proteins. J. Clinical Micro. 24:573-580.
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Current contact information for Senior Author:
Rodney E. Rohde, Ph.D, MS, SV/SM/MB (ASCP)CM
Texas State University-San Marcos
Clinical Laboratory Science, HSC 361
601 University Drive
San Marcos, TX 78666-4616
This abstract was presented at the Rabies Committee Meeting, United States Animal Health Association Conference, on October 13, 1999, and at the 10th Annual Rabies in the Americas Meeting, on November 15, 1999.