Dying to Preach
For Truth and Beauty: Thoughts on Argumentation in Sermons
I have been writing a series on the components of a sermon (see the last installment here), and I want to speak now about the element of argumentation.
Argumentation within a sermon seems clinical, academic, and just plain boring. Since the curse of much preaching is that it's boring, we should stay away from argumentation in preaching. We should excise everything remotely boring from our sermons. Let the words pop and sing and do rhythmic things in the moment. Anything that is, in the smallest way, academic or meaty must be culled out. We are after relating to people and touching their emotional nerve center. Right?
Well, Jesus certainly touched the hearts of those who heard him. He told stories that moved and inspired. Brilliantly.
However, he also argued his thoughts with logic (Matt. 12:35; Lk. 20:41-44) and of course with Scripture (Lk.20:34-38). He employed the Scripture to defend, prove, or advance his argument. This is what we mean by argumentation in preaching—not "being argumentative," but defending, proving or advancing a text of Scripture. We need to give our hearers the meat of the Word, and argumentation is one way in which we serve up the steak.
There are countless ways to argue. You can argue from nature, science, statistical data, everyday observations, or sheer logic. For the preacher, all of these are on the table. However, what makes us preachers different from other communicators is that we are not arguing stock truths or life principles. We are not even arguing biblical truths in general—we are arguing the specific truth of the Bible itself, the truth embedded in the one text from which we are preaching. This is more precise than extracting truths from the Scripture; it is taking the argument of a specific text and making it our own.
So, if argumentation is critical to effective communication, and we are communicating Scripture, how do we convey the argument within the biblical text? We have many tools at our disposal, but for sake of brevity, let me fire just one bullet. The preacher argues the meaning of a text by finding out how this text fits into the whole of Scripture. A few practical points will illuminate what this means.
1. Move away from the text.
If I were to walk you through my childhood home, you would understand its internal structure—the internal frame of the house. If however, we were to look at it on a satellite photo, you would see how that house is framed in the larger context of the community. This is the external frame.
Preachers so often look for meaning in the internal structure; they look so closely at the text that they lose the context. Our theology of the Word demands that we see the structure of the text as an inspired organic whole. Each chosen text for preaching is a part of a larger whole.
Right now I am fighting my way through the book of Hebrews. It is a tough book to preach, primarily because of its dependence on imagery of the Old Testament sacrificial system. However, there is meaning there. So occasionally, I have to stop and slowly explain some OT concepts, or have my listeners examine those concepts for themselves, so they can understand these truths. The challenge is to do this without losing people. However, it would be impossible to reconstruct the argument of the biblical author if the congregation did not understand the Old Testament context that gives meaning and significance to what the author writes.
Steven W. Smith is a preacher and author who is attempting to die in the pulpit and call a generation to do the same. He is the Dean of the College, and Professor of Communication, at the College at Southwestern. Follow him on Twitter.