It might also help if you figure out the FUNCTION of the chords. I can't easily tell what chord is what without realizing its function.
For example, the most common cadence is V-I. If you're in the key of F major, V is C and I is F. If you have a chord that looks C-ish going to a chord that looks F-ish, that might be your answer! Also, use your ear -- does it sound like a cadence? Does it sound like the piece keeps moving? Is there tension in the chord (aurally)?
Also, stack your chords in thirds. That is what everyone above just did, and I don't think it was necessarily explained well. A C triad is C E G (with whatever accidentals you want to change the quality of the chord, e.g., Eb for minor chord) -- it doesn't matter if you have the E in the bass or the G in the bass, it'll still be a C chord. (There are reasons for why a composer might write one versus the other, but that's a different story.)
As a basic piano student, it will also be useful to know this: in a cadence (like V-I) there are often V7 chords. This has a root, third, fifth and seventh. In our C chord example, that'd be C E G Bb (because we're in F major). In order to make this easily playable by a pianist, it is notated a specific way -- E Bb C. This is missing the fifth, or G. It is a) common to drop the fifth of seventh chords and b) recognizable by its shape to be a V7 chord. Knowing that it's a V7 chord will tell you where the root is, because it will always be in the same place when notated like that.
Did that help or hinder?