US 7245882 B1
Method and apparatus to dynamically configure the signal reception selectivity of a plurality of transceivers is described. In one embodiment, a transceiver includes a receiver circuit having two or more filter circuits. Each of the filter circuits is configured to pass RF signals from a different portion of an overall receiver bandwidth. When two or more receivers in proximity to one another are simultaneously operating, the filter circuits of the respective receiver are dynamically configured to different RF frequency passbands to minimize interference and cross talk between receivers and transmitters.
1. A radio frequency (RF) wireless network comprising:
at least two RF transceiver circuits configured to utilize a random access communications protocol, each RF transceiver circuit being implemented on a radio card having a slot number and a slot location in the RF wireless network, each radio card being connected to an antenna;
each RF transceiver circuit being selectively connected to one filter of a plurality of filters, each filter being associated with one frequency channel of a plurality of frequency channels; and
a processor configured to determine different frequency channels for the RF transceiver circuits and to assign a frequency channel to each RF transceiver circuit based on at least one of the slot number, the slot location, and a transmission direction of the antenna.
2. The wireless network of
3. The wireless network of
4. The wireless network of
5. A method for selecting a radio frequency (RF) signal reception frequency range, the method comprising:
determining available RF frequency ranges from a plurality of RF frequency ranges;
selectively connecting a first receiver to a first filter to receive random access communications over a first available RF frequency range; and
selectively connecting a second receiver to a second filter to receive random access communications over a second available RF frequency range,
the first and second filters being chosen from a plurality of filters, each filter of the plurality of filters providing a predetermined RF frequency range, each filter being implemented on a radio card having a slot number and a slot location in an RF wireless network, each radio card being connected to an antenna connectable to the filter, wherein choosing the first and second filters is based on at least one of its slot number and its slot location.
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
dynamically choosing each of the first and second filters from the plurality of filters, wherein each of the plurality of filters allows a predetermined frequency passband.
9. The method of
10. The method according to
11. The method according to
configuring at least one of the first and second receivers to receive Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals.
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to wireless devices and more specifically to receiving and transmitting signals between transceivers.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, a communication system includes a transmitter and receiver which transmit and receive information signals over a transmission media such as wires or atmosphere. When atmosphere is used, the transmission is commonly referred to as “wireless communication”. Examples of various types of wireless communication systems include digital cellular, packet data paging, wireless local area networks (LAN), wireless wide area networks (WAN), personal communication systems, and others.
One problematic issue relates to increasing wireless network capacity. As more users are added to a wireless network, the more information each wireless network transceiver (card) is required to handle. Others have attempted to solve this issue by using a plurality of wireless network cards to increase wireless system capacity. To minimize floor space usage, often the plurality of wireless network cards are placed in a “rack” system, often in close proximity to one another. This methodology also allows the sharing of electrical power and communication busses between the various wireless network cards for common control thereof. Unfortunately, transmitters and receivers of the wireless network cards placed in proximity to one another can cause cross talk and interference issues. For example, consider the case of co-located devices where a transmitter A is positioned in proximity to a receiver B, and transmitter A and receiver B are operating at approximately the same radio frequency (RF). Due to the spatial proximity between transmitter A to receiver B, when transmitter A is transmitting a RF signal to another receiver C, the output power of transmitter A may overload the input of receiver B, especially if receiver B has increased its input sensitivity to receive a weak signal from a distant transmitter (D).
As just described, this problem is particularly serious when one wireless network card is transmitting while another is receiving. Some wireless networking systems employ protocols that can be configured to avoid this situation. For example, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems allow the base station to control when each device transmits or receives. In this way, co-located devices could be scheduled such that one does not transmit while the other is receiving. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems have coding gain. By assigning different codes to the co-located devices, the damage that occurs when one transmits while another is receiving can be minimized. Finally, some wireless communication systems are based on polling, which like TDMA allows the transmissions of each device to be controlled by a centralized controller which transmits the polls allowing individual devices to transmit. By proper timing of the polling, the case of one co-located device transmitting while another is receiving can be avoided.
Others have tried to correct the problem of uncoordinated transmission times, where a co-located device transmits while another receives, by using wireless network cards having narrow RF filters that limit each card to specific frequencies of operation. Unfortunately, this methodology may require procuring and maintaining a stock of different wireless network cards for each narrow frequency sub-range. Still others have tried to use spatially separated antennas or used directional antenna systems. Some have used time sharing solutions where only one wireless card is allowed to communicate at a time. All of the above solutions generally add complexity, reduce flexibility or performance, and increase the overall cost of the wireless network.
The present inventors have realized the need to configure a plurality of adjacent wireless network circuits to operate simultaneously without reducing communication system efficiency and increasing cost and complexity. An aspect of the present invention is a radio frequency (RF) receiver including a RF filter circuit configured to dynamically select an available frequency range from a plurality of frequency ranges, and a RF processing circuit configured to signal process a RF signal passed through the RF filter circuit.
An aspect of the present invention is a RF wireless network that includes at least two RF transceiver circuits. Each of the at least two RF transceiver circuits being configured to select between a plurality of frequency channels. The wireless network system also includes a processor configured to determine different available frequency channels from the plurality of frequency channels for each of the at least two RF transceiver circuits.
An aspect of the present invention is a method for selecting a RF signal reception frequency range. Available RF frequency ranges are determined from a plurality of RF frequency ranges. One receiver is configured to receive one of the available RF frequency ranges. Another receiver is configured to receive another of the available RF frequency ranges.
A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the present invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, upon review of the present disclosure, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the present invention. Aspects of the present invention are described in terms of wireless RF transmission and reception in an IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11b regulated environment; however, other wireless transmission and reception environments are contemplated.
Wireless network system 100 includes one or more antennas 106A-N where N represents an “Nth” number of antennas 106A-N. Each antenna 106A-N is coupled to a respective wireless network circuit 102A-N. Antennas 106A-N are configured to receive and transmit signals to and from the wireless network circuits 102A-N as known in the art. Other more advanced multiple antenna techniques may also be utilized.
Wireless network system 100 also includes controller 108. Controller 108 is configured to dynamically configure wireless network circuits 102 to different operational frequency channels relative one another via, for example, control signals 112 and 114, respectively, described below. Controller 108 includes Central Processing Unit (CPU) 116 and a memory 110. The CPU 116 may be under the control of an operating system that may be disposed in the memory 110. Illustrative operating systems, which may be used to advantage, include Linux and Microsoft's Windows®. More generally, any operating system supporting the configuration functions disclosed herein may be used. The memory 110 is preferably a random access memory sufficiently large to hold the necessary programming and data structures of the invention. While the memory 110 is shown as a single entity, it should be understood that the memory 110 may in fact comprise a plurality of modules, and that the memory 110 may exist at multiple levels, from high speed registers and caches to lower speed but larger direct random access memory (DRAM) chips.
Illustratively, the memory 110 may include a wireless device configuration program 114 that, when executed on CPU 116, configures wireless network circuits 102A-N to different frequency channels of operation. The wireless device configuration program 114 may use any one of a number of different programming languages. For example, the program code can be written in PLC code (e.g., ladder logic), a higher level language such as C, C++, Java, or a number of other languages. While the wireless device configuration program 114 may be a standalone program, it is contemplated that wireless device configuration program 114 may be combined with other programs. For example, the wireless device configuration program 114 may be combined with other wireless device programs configured to allocate channel usage between other wireless networks.
In one embodiment, wireless device configuration program 114 configures wireless network circuits 102A-N to operate on different frequency channels or frequency sub-channels relative one another. For purposes of clarity, frequency channels and frequency sub-channels will be described herein as frequency channels. Wireless device configuration program 114 may configure wireless network circuits 102A-N to operate on different frequency channels relative to other external wireless systems in proximity thereto. A channel is defined herein as any frequency, or range of frequencies, that are spaced separately in frequency. For example, consider the case of a RF signal having an operational range of 2.4 GHz to 2.48 GHz. For a 10 MHz channel bandwidth, such RF signal may have, for example, up to 8 frequency channels depending on the frequency spacing and guard-band between the frequency channels.
In general, wireless network circuit 102A includes switch circuit 120, a plurality of RF filter circuits 122A-N, switch circuit 124, and transceiver 128. Switch circuit 120 includes an input electrically connected to antenna 106A. Switch circuit 120 includes multiple outputs, where one output is coupled to an input of a respective one of a plurality of RF filter circuits 122A-N, where N represents an “Nth” filter circuit 122A-N. Each RF filter circuit 122A-N includes an output connected to a respective input of switch 124. Switch 124 is configured to connect an output of one of the RF filter circuits 122A-N to an input of transceiver 128. Switch circuits 120 and 124 may be selected from a plurality of switches configured to pass RF signals such as PIN diode switches, GaAs FET switches, coaxial switches, and the like. Each RF filter circuit 122A-N is configured to have a different frequency passband relative to the other RF filter circuits 122A-N. In one configuration, each RF filter circuit 122A-N is configured to have a frequency passband correlating to a respective frequency channel. For example, given a wireless network system 100 having ten frequency channels and ten RF filter circuits 122A-N, each of the ten RF filter circuits 122A-N may be configured with a frequency passband correlating to one of the ten frequency channels. However, to reduce the cost and size of the solution, it may be advantageous to use fewer filters. For example, only two filters might be used. In that case, each filter would have a passband wide enough to allow 5 different frequency channels to pass through the filter. Control signals 112 and 114 may be used to set switch 120 and switch 124 so that one of a RF filter circuits 122A-N is coupled to antenna 106A and to transceiver 128. In one aspect, controller 118 is configured to set control signals 112 and 114 responsive to an analog signal wherein changes to such an analog signal cause the control signals to set switch positions of switch 120 and switch 124. In another aspect, control signals 112 and 114 are coupled to and responsive to digital signals from controller 108 wherein changes to such digital signals result in changes of switch positions of switch 120 and switch 124.
It is generally more difficult and expensive to build filters with very abrupt transitions from a pass band to a stop band. Therefore, in the case of a contiguous set of channels, it may be more efficient to allow overlapping between the filter passbands. Consider options 3A, 3B, and 3C illustrated in
For example, the FCC currently allocates the band 5.15-5.35 GHz as well as the band 5.725-5.825 GHz to wireless LANs. In this case, it is natural to put one filter passband from 5.15-5.35 GHz, and another filter passband from 5.725-5.825 GHz. In this case, the transition region of the filters occur between 5.35 and 5.725 GHz, in which neither transceiver is allowed to operate due to government regulations. This allows all available channels in one of the bands to be used by a first transceiver without overloading a second transceiver operating in the other band, even if the two transceivers are located physically near to each other.
Control signal 112,114 may be used to set switch 120 and switch 124 so that one of a RF filter circuit 122A-N is coupled to antenna 106A and to transceiver 128. In one aspect, control signal 112,114 may be configured responsive to an analog signal wherein changes to such an analog signal result in changes of switch positions of switch 120 and switch 124. In another aspect, control signal 112,114 is coupled to and responsive to digital signals from controller 108 wherein changes to such digital signals result in changes of switch positions of switch 120 and switch 124.
In practice, it may be desirable to implement the RF filters in a separate module that can be connected to a standard card that can cover the full range of available frequencies. The standard cards are the type of cards used at the mobile clients where more than one radio card are not generally employed (e.g., PCMCIA, Cardbus, or mini-PCI cards). The separate module implementing the RF filters is configured with, for example, a connector that fits a corresponding connector on the card.
In addition, inexpensive base stations or access points may also primarily be constructed with a single radio that can tune over all the available channels. In this case, if the filters are constructed in a separate module, the separate module may have a connector interface that mates to a corresponding connector on the base station or access point.
In the case that the number of frequency sub-bands is equal to the number of radio cards, a single filter module can be attached to each radio card. This is sufficient for the cases in which the only strong interference concerns come from the radio cards present within the single Access Point (AP). This is shown in
Such assemblies (e.g., single filter modules or modules with multiple filters and selection switches) can be sold as an aftermarket addition or kit. In that case, the base station could be sold with a single radio card originally. In the case that more communications capacity is desired, a second radio card can be obtained, along with the filter/antenna assembly. By inserting the second radio card into an empty slot in the base station and attaching the filter/antenna assembly, two radio channels can operate simultaneously without overloading the receivers, thereby doubling the capacity of the base station.
The availability of a channel may be determined in a number of ways. In one method, the receiver is activated, and the signal strength and frequency of signal reception for one or more channels is evaluated. Channels that have strong or frequent signals present are considered to be occupied and not available. In another method, sample transmissions can be sent while monitoring the effect on other receivers within the base station. If the transmissions can be sensed at the other receivers, or if the transmissions disrupt the communications of the other receivers, that channel is considered occupied and not available. Finally, if the transmitter being activated has an intended receiver at a remote location, the reliability and quality of the communications link can be sensed. If communication is poor or sporadic, it may be possible to conclude that the frequency channel chosen is occupied and should not be considered available.
In another aspect of the invention, method 300 may utilize a look-up table stored in memory 110 that establishes the frequency range of operation for each wireless network circuit 102A-N. For example, the table may specify that one of the wireless network circuit 102A-N be configured to channel one, while another of the wireless network circuits 102A-N is configured to channel two, and so forth.
At 306, if all of the frequency channels are available method 300 proceeds to 308. At 308, method 300 configures each of the wireless network circuits 102A-N to a separate frequency channel and proceeds to 316 end described below. In one aspect, one RF filter circuit 122A-N for each wireless network circuit 102A-N is selected corresponding to a respective frequency channel allocation. The frequency channel allocation may be random or specified. For example, to balance frequency channel usage and minimize interference, method 300 may configure each of the wireless network circuits 102A-N so that the frequency channels of operation are spread about evenly across the available frequency channels. For example, method 300 may configure for ten frequency channels and five wireless network circuits 102A-N, the five wireless network circuits 102A-N being configured to use all odd frequency channels (i.e., frequency channels one, three, five, seven, nine). To minimize interference and cross talk, method 300 may increase the channel spacing between adjacent receiving and transmitting wireless network circuits 102A-N. For example, if a very strong RF signal is being transmitted on channel one from a transmitting wireless network circuit 102A-N adjacent a wireless network circuit 102A-N that is trying to receive a very weak signal, method 300 may increase the channel separation between them. Illustratively, method 300 may configure the receiving wireless network circuit 102A-N to a channel spaced further away in frequency from the transmitting wireless network circuit 102A-N, such as channel ten. If at 306, not all frequency channels are available, method 300 proceeds to 310.
In another embodiment, method 300 may increase a physical distance separating transmitting and receiving wireless network circuit cards. For example, controller 108 is configured to assign which communication channels (e.g. frequencies) are utilized by the wireless network circuit cards 102A-102N. That is, a communication on a particular assigned channel may be performed by any one of the cards 102A-102N as assigned by the controller. The controller assigns and/or dynamically re-assigns communication channels handled by the network circuit cards based on a formula and/or criteria. For example, the controller (e.g., wireless device configuration program 114) utilizes information such as a slot number in the system 100, information as to the location of the slot, the direction in which any directional antenna is transmitting, and strength of incoming and transmitted signals. Then, channel assignments are, for example, made such that the network circuit card having the strongest transmitted signal is physically as far away as possible from the network circuit card with the weakest received signal. Similarly, cards with antennas that are located close to each other can use widely separated channel frequencies, while cards with antennas that are far from each other may use smaller channel frequency spacing.
At 310, method 300 determines if at least one frequency channel is available. If at least one frequency channel is not available, then method 300 returns to step 304. If however at least one frequency channel is available, method 300 proceeds to 312. At 312, method 300 determines which frequency channels to allocate for each of the wireless network circuits 102A-N. In one aspect, available frequency channels are allocated by examining the unused frequency channels and by determining the number of the wireless network circuits 102A-N being used. As described above, frequency channels may be allocated randomly or in a specified order. For example, for a ten-channel system having three wireless network circuits 102A-N, the method 300 may allocate the frequency channels for the three wireless network circuits 102A-N randomly. Method 300 may specify a specific order such as frequency channels one, two, and three. Method 300 may also separate the frequency channel usage by specifying frequency channels further apart such as frequency channels one, five, and ten. Again, the allocation may also take into consideration existing and/or anticipated traffic on neighboring networks.
At 314, method 300 configures each wireless network circuit 102A-N for a respective channel allocation and ends at 316. In one aspect, a RF filter circuit 122A-N having a passband corresponding to such a respective channel allocation is selected for each of the wireless network circuits 102A-N. For example, if a wireless network circuit 102A-N is specified to operate on channel two, a RF filter circuit 122A-N corresponding to the channel two wireless network circuit is configured to have a frequency passband for the frequency of channel two.
In one aspect, the wireless network circuits 102A-N may be dynamically reconfigured as needed. For, example, if one wireless network circuit 102A-N is not being used, its frequency channel of operation may be used by another wireless network circuit 102A-N. When an unused wireless network circuit 102A-N is then needed, it may be reconfigured to another available frequency channel. Further, the wireless network circuits 102A-N may be dynamically configured to adjust for dynamic frequency channel usage. Illustratively, wireless network circuits 102A-N may be dynamically configured to different frequency channels when receiving signals than when transmitting signals.
In yet another embodiment, if a wireless network circuit card begins transmitting relatively high power signals and is physically close to a wireless network circuit receiving weak signals, then the channels can be reallocated to such that the high power transmitting and weak signal receiving wireless network circuits are physically separated by as much physical distance as possible.
Referring back to the previous discussion regarding co-located devices, there are a number of wireless networks that use random access protocols. These protocols allow any device to begin transmitting at any time. Many employ a listen before talk protocol to avoid collisions within the same channel. However, this mechanism does not prevent co-located devices operating on different radio channels or frequencies from beginning to transmit while another co-located device is receiving. Collision Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) and Distributed Control Function (DCF) are two common random access protocols. In particular, 802.11 wireless networking devices utilize DCF, and are therefore random access devices. The techniques described herein are particularly valuable for such devices since there is not a mechanism within the DCF protocol to coordinate the timing of transmissions from individual devices in the network.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.