Incretins in Impaired Fasting Glucose
People with high fasting glucose can develop type 2 diabetes with the passage of time. This study is being done to determine the effect of a novel medication in people with this elevated fasting glucose. Sitagliptin is a substance that raises levels of a hormone normally found in the blood. This hormone, called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), is normally released by the intestine in response to the presence of food. This hormone acts like a messenger between the intestine and the pancreas to raise insulin levels, and therefore, lower blood sugars. Sitagliptin is effective in people with diabetes, however, this study is being done to determine if Sitagliptin is effective in people with high fasting glucose who do not yet have diabetes.
|Study Design:||Allocation: Randomized
Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Investigator)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:||The Role of Incretins in the Pathogenesis of Fasting and Postprandial Glucose Metabolism in People With Impaired Fasting Glucose|
- Lowering of Fasting Glucose [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]fasting glucose taken as the mean of blood glucose measured at -30, -20, -10 and 0 minutes prior to each inpatient meal study
|Study Start Date:||August 2006|
|Study Completion Date:||December 2008|
|Primary Completion Date:||December 2008 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)|
Active Comparator: Sitagliptin
People with impaired fasting glucose randomized to treatment with sitagliptin 100 mg once daily.
100 mg once daily
Other Name: Januvia
Placebo Comparator: Placebo
People with impaired fasting glucose randomized to treatment with placebo once daily.
once daily for duration of the study
Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) confers a high risk of progression to diabetes. Its pathogenesis has been an area of active investigation, with defects in insulin and glucagon secretion as well as insulin action likely to play a role. Several studies have suggested that the prediabetic and diabetic state are associated with alterations in circulating incretin concentrations. More recently, a large study of non-diabetic individuals demonstrated decreased GLP-1 concentrations after a glucose challenge in individuals with prediabetes but concluded that defects in GLP-1 secretion were unrelated to insulin secretion. In impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), defects in incretin-induced insulin secretion coexist with defects in glucose induced insulin secretion.
Worsening degrees of glucose tolerance are associated with decreased insulin secretion for the prevailing insulin action. Moreover early glucagon suppression is impaired in IGT. Since GLP-1 is an insulin secretagogue and suppresses glucagon, it is conceivable that defects in GLP-1 secretion could contribute to the pathogenesis of pre-diabetes. Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4), an enzyme which rapidly degrades the incretin hormones, has been shown to be a useful therapeutic strategy in type 2 diabetes. DPP-4 inhibitors increase (model-calculated) insulin secretion and decrease glucagon concentrations resulting in a lowering of fasting (and postprandial) glucose concentrations in people with type 2 diabetes. Their effects in people with IFG are less certain. However, DPP-4 inhibitors provide an opportunity to directly examine the contribution of abnormal incretin concentrations to the pathogenesis of IFG, by raising concentrations of endogenous incretin hormones.
The current experiments tested this hypothesis by measuring insulin secretion and action and fasting and postprandial glucose turnover before and after 8 weeks of therapy with a DPP-4 inhibitor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00364377
|United States, Minnesota|
|Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905|
|Principal Investigator:||Adrian Vella, M.D.||Mayo Clinic|