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Password file authentication vs OS authentication in Oracle
It's possible to have the operating system check if a user may log on a database or not. The idea is, if the user already knew the password to log on to the operating system, he doesn't have to know a password on the database. Such a user is created like so:
create user ops$<os_username> identified externally
Note, the string ops$ must be identical to the value of os_authent_prefix.