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Significance and Use
5.1 The light reflected from the facial anterior teeth can be used to calculate color coordinates. Monitored over time, changes in color can be observed. These data reveal information about the efficacy of a product, treatment study, or epidemiology of tooth color. For example, clinical studies of consumer tooth whitening systems evaluate the efficacy of manufacturers’ products.
5.2 The change in color of the facial surfaces of anterior teeth can be used to optimize the efficacy of tooth whitening systems. For example, the data can provide the answer the question: “What is the optimum percentage of whitening agent in a consumer tooth whitening system?”
5.4 Prior research shows that a popular visual assessment method of determining tooth color, changes in tooth color, and whiteness among clinicians yields less than desirable results (1-4). These assessment tools are designated “shade guides.” They consist of tooth-shaped, synthetic objects in the form of teeth all of slightly different colors or different shades from one another. A “shade” is generally regarded as a color slightly different from a reference color (on a comparative basis). The colors of the synthetic teeth in these “shade guides” do not progress linearly as observed visually or logically in a CIE colorimetric coordinate system,5 and they are metameric to real teeth.
5.5 Translucency—Human teeth are translucent and the degree of translucency varies widely between subjects. However, translucency does not vary over the short term and is not therefore a consideration in this test method.
1.1 This test method covers the procedure, instrumental requirements, standardization procedures, material standards, measurement procedures, and parameters necessary to make precise measurements of in-vivo tooth color and tooth whiteness. In particular it is meant to measure the color of teeth in selected human subjects.
1.2 Digital images are used to evaluate tooth color of both posterior and anterior dentition (teeth). All other non-relevant parts, such as gums, spaces, etc., must be separated from the measurement and the analysis. All localized discoloration; such as stains, inclusions, etc., may be separated from the measurement and the analysis.
1.3 The broadband reflectance factors of teeth are measured. The colorimetric measurement is performed with a digital still camera while using an illuminator(s) that provides controlled illumination on the teeth. The measured data from a digital image are captured using a DSC. This test method is particularly useful for the gamut of tooth color which is:
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
E179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties of Materials
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
E313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
E1345 Practice for Reducing the Effect of Variability of Color Measurement by Use of Multiple Measurements
E1767 Practice for Specifying the Geometries of Observation and Measurement to Characterize the Appearance of Materials
ISO PublicationsISO17321-1 Colour characterization of digital still cameras (DSCs) - Part 1: Stimuli, metrology, and test procedures
ISCC PublicationsTechnicalReport2003- Guide to Material Standards and Their Use in Color Measurement
ICS Number Code 11.060.01 (Dentistry in general)
ASTM E2466-13, Standard Test Method for Colorimetry of Teeth Using Digital Still Camera Technology, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2013, www.astm.orgBack to Top