In computing, the most significant bit (msb) is the bit position in a binary number having the greatest value. The msb is sometimes referred to as the left-most bit, due to the convention in positional notation of writing more significant digits further to the left.
The msb can also correspond to the sign of a signed binary number in one or two's complement notation. "1" meaning negative and "0" meaning positive.
MSB, in all capitals, can also stand for "most significant byte". The meaning is parallel to the above: it is the byte (or octet) in that position of a multi-byte number which has the greatest potential value.
By extension, the most significant bits (plural) are the bits of the number closest to, and including, the msb.
In referencing specific bits within a binary number, it is common to assign each bit a bit number, ranging from zero upwards to one less than the number of bits in the number. However, the order used for this assignment may be in either direction, and both orderings are used (in different contexts). This is one reason why "msb" is often used to designate the high-order bit instead of a bit number (which has greater potential for confusion).
With 802.5 and FDDI, the most significant bit is transmitted first.
Computing position of most significant 1 bit of an integer
The following code example for the C language is an algorithm to compute the position of most significant 1 bit of a 32 bit integer. Operator '>>' represents 'unsigned right shift'.
For interpreted languages, the function is generally faster and more succinct to use. The following example expresses this method using Python.
Since Java 1.5, the Java standard library provides the and methods to compute the number of leading zeros in 32-bit and 64-bit integers, respectively. This number is equal to (the width of the integer) - 1 - (the position of the most significant 1 bit).