Named after the Scandinavian goddess, Vanadis,
Vanadium was known for the beauty of its multicolored compounds.
First discovered in 1801 by del Rio, Vanadium was initially
incorrectly characterized as impure chromium; it was later
rediscovered by Sefstrom in 1830.
Vanadium is found in a variety of sources,
including about 65 minerals, phosphate rock and certain ores, as
well as in the form of organic complexes in crude oil. In the United States, the main sources of Vanadium are recycled petroleum derived wastes. The recycling of boiler residues from heavy oil consuming thermoelectric power plants and spent catalysts from the oil refining process reduce the need for Vanadium mining.
Vanadium itself is involved in several
applications, including flat rolled products, tools and die
steels, engineering alloy steels, stainless steels, rail steels,
and titanium alloys. As a constituent of a number of
constructional and engineering alloy steels, Vanadium helps form
high strength, low-alloy (HSLA) steels which are known for their
increased strength and durability.