It is a predetermined cost, as it is determined in advance what should be the cost of production. When standard cost is used for the purpose of cost control it is known as standard costing. Now the question arises what is standard cost? Standard cost means cost based on the technical estimate of material, labour, overhead for a specific period of time under specific working condition. Continue reading
Master in Business Administration (MBA) is one of the most popular and acclaimed professional courses. It prepares students for the challenging mid-level positions in the corporate world.
There is a common notion that MBA graduates are able to multi-task and are highly skilled to meet the targets and organizational goals, while helping to generate higher revenues. This increases the rate of employment among MBA graduates. Continue reading
meaning of Differential costing
It is the change in cost, due to change in the output or change in sale. It may be increase or decrease in cost. For example present cost is 300000 if work is done by labour and if the work is done by machines the expected cost is 200000 so the differential cost is 100000 so the management has to decide regarding the replacement of labour by machines as it will increase profit by 100000.
Differential costing —– in this fixed cost is considered. It also helps in taking managerial decisions. It is ascertained on the basis of absorption costing as well as marginal cost.
Marginal costing———in this fixed cost is not added to get marginal cost of the product. It is calculated on the basis of contribution. It also helps in knowing the key factor, contribution, p/v ratio. It is also helpful in accounting records.
The following are the 4 applications of marginal costing:
1. Cost control: in marginal costing there is fixed cost as well as variable cost . fixed cost is controlled by top management and variable cost is controlled by lower management. Sometimes there are the cases when profit decreases even when sale increases in such situations marginal cost helps the concern in finding out the reasons. Continue reading
In the last article, we have done the objectives of profit volume ratio, today we will discuss the concepts of the same. There are four concepts in profit volume or p/v ratio:
1) Contribution: contribution is the difference between sale and marginal cost i.e.
Contribution= sale – marginal cost
it is also calculated by contribution= fixed expenses+ profit
it is different from profit as it include fixed cost and profit and it is based on the marginal cost concept while profit does not include fixed cost and it is based on common cost concept. Continue reading
Profit volume ratio (also commonly known as P/v ratio) is the extension of the marginal costing. It is a very important tool in the hands of policy maker to maximize their profit. It checks the relationship of cost and profit to the volume of business to maximize profit.
Business faces different situations like boom, depression, competition etc, in such cases the profit also changes. In such situations p/v ratio helps the management. In narrow sense it helps in finding breakeven point and in broader sense it helps in profit, cost and sale at different level of output. Continue reading
Meaning of Marginal cost
Chartered Institute of Management Accounting (CIMA) defines the term marginal cost that it excludes fixed overhead cost entirely from cost of production but charged against ‘fund’ which arises out of excess of selling price over total variable cost.
So it is the amount at any given volume of output by which total cost is changed if the volume of output is increased or decreased by one unit. Continue reading