Bond cleavage or scission is the splitting of chemical bonds..
In general, there are two classifications for bond cleavage: homolytic and heterolytic, depending on the nature of the process.
In heterolytic cleavage, or heterolysis, the bond breaks in such a fashion that the originally-shared pair of electrons remain with one of the fragments. This process is also known as heterolytic, or ionic fission.
The term "bond dissociation energy" refers to the amount of energy required to cleave a bond.
In biochemistry the process of breaking down large molecules (by splitting their internal bonds) is catabolism. Enzymes which catalyse bond cleavage are known as lyases, unless they operate by hydrolysis or oxidation/reduction, in which case they are known as hydrolases and oxidoreductases respectively.
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breaking bond homolytically means breaking of bond by free radical machenism into two equal parts