|5024329||Lockable container for transporting and for storing semiconductor wafers||1991-06-18||Grohrock||206/454|
|4969556||Vacuum container||1990-11-13||Ishimaru et al.||206/524.8|
|4832612||Protective carrier and securing means therefor||1989-05-23||Grabbe et al.||206/328|
|4797054||Apparatus for loading and unloading a vacuum processing chamber||1989-01-10||Arii||414/217|
|4746256||Apparatus for handling sensitive material such as semiconductor wafers||1988-05-24||Boyle et al.||414/217|
|4724874||Sealable transportable container having a particle filtering system||1988-02-16||Parikh et al.||141/98|
|4674939||Sealed standard interface apparatus||1987-06-23||Maney et al.||414/292|
|4668484||Transport containers for semiconductor wafers||1987-05-26||Elliot||414/217|
|4616683||Particle-free dockable interface for integrated circuit processing||1986-10-14||Tullis et al.||141/98|
|3914449||Method for introducing materials into or removing materials from a hermetically sealed vessel||1975-10-21||McPhail||414/218|
|3843916||MOTOR CONTROL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MASKS FOR SUBMINIATURISED CIRCUITS||1974-10-22||Trotel||414/218|
|3260381||Apparatus and method for transferring objects into a conditioned atmosphere||1966-07-12||Wagner et al.||414/292|
a cassette chamber;
a connecting channel for evacuating, or filling with gas, said cassette chamber;
an opening in the cassette chamber wall connecting the cassette chamber, through said connecting channel, with the outside of the storage cassette;
at least one flat baffle plate having at least two ends which are spaced from the cassette chamber wall within said cassette chamber positioned between said opening in the cassette chamber wall and semiconductor wafers mounted in the cassette chamber to prevent the direct flow of filling gas onto said semiconductor wafers; and
a solenoid actuated rotary valve in said connecting channel between the opening in the cassette chamber wall and the outside of the storage cassette.
alignment pin holes in the cassette for aligning the cassette on a work surface.
a cassette chamber;
a connecting channel for evacuating, or filling with gas, said cassette chamber;
a first opening in the cassette chamber wall connecting the cassette chamber, through said connecting channel, with the outside of the storage cassette;
at least one flat baffle plate having at least two ends which are spaced from the cassette chamber wall within said cassette chamber positioned between said opening in the cassette chamber wall and semiconductor wafers mounted in the cassette chamber to prevent the direct flow of filling gas onto said semiconductor wafers;
a solenoid actuated rotary valve in said connecting channel between the opening in the cassette chamber wall and the outside of the storage cassette;
a work station mounting surface;
a first opening in said mounting surface interfacing with said connecting channel; and
alignment pins on said mounting surface for aligning said cassette and said connecting channel therein with the first opening in said mounting surface.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to vacuum cassettes used for storing semiconductor wafers during production, and more particularly to a vacuum cassette that can be opened and resealed without the need for a vacuum load-lock chamber.
The vacuum cassette in present use is a sealed container with a door providing access to the semiconductor wafers. When the cassette is in its normal operating mode with a vacuum within, the door cannot be opened to remove or load wafers. In the case of interfacing the vacuum cassette with a vacuum semiconductor processing system (vacuum processing system), the cassette is loaded into a vacuum load-lock interface integral with the process machine. This load lock is sealed and pumped down to a vacuum approximately the same as is inside the cassette, and the cassette door is then opened.
A gate valve in the load-lock is then opened and the wafers moved to and from the vacuum cassette to the interior of the vacuum processor as required. The wafers remain in a vacuum throughout the processing steps. When the wafer movement is complete, the gate valve and the cassette door are closed, and the load-lock is backfilled to ambient pressure with clean gas, usually air. The load-lock door can then be opened and the vacuum cassette removed. The interior of the vacuum processor remains in a vacuum throughout the process.
The above process is done automatically after the introduction of the vacuum cassette into the load-lock chamber. Vacuum gages are installed in appropriate locations to monitor the load-lock and process chamber conditions as required by a process sequencer/controller.
If it is desired to interface the vacuum cassette to a process that is not done in a vacuum, or if there is a circumstance where the semiconductor wafers must be at room ambient pressure, the cassette must be placed inside a vacuum load-lock chamber, which is then evacuated to a pressure comparable to the pressure inside the cassette. The cassette door may then be opened and the chamber and cassette backfilled with an appropriate atmosphere, usually clean air, to ambient pressure. Then the load-lock chamber may be opened, either with a gate valve or the loading door, and the wafers removed from or loaded into the open cassette.
The invention relates to a vacuum chamber with one or more valves and ports which will allow the cassette to be, evacuated, backfilled and opened to the surrounding atmosphere without the need for a vacuum load-lock chamber. In use, the vacuum cassette is locked into a fixture or cradle which automatically provides a sealed connection to the cassette port or ports, and mechanical or electromechanical connections to actuate the cassette mechanical or electrical valve or valves. The valves are opened and the vacuum backfilled at a predetermined rate with the appropriate atmosphere through the cassette port connection. When the internal pressure of the cassette is equal to the ambient pressure, as indicated by one or more vacuum/pressure gages, the cassette door may be opened and the semiconductor wafers removed or introduced without the use of a vacuum lockload chamber.
When the wafer handling has been completed, the door of the vacuum cassette is closed and the cassette is pumped down to the desired level of vacuum, as indicated by the system vacuum/pressure gage, at a predetermined rate through the ports and valves.
The technical advance represented by the invention as well as the objects thereof will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the novel features set forth in the appended claims.
FIG. 1 illustrates a cross sectional view of a vacuum cassette with a single port;
FIG. 2 illustrates the vacuum cassette of FIG. 1 positioned at a work station;
FIG. 3 illustrates a cross sectional view of a vacuum cassette with two ports; and
FIG. 4 illustrates the cassette of FIG. 3 positioned at a work station.
FIG. 1 is one embodiment of the invention. Cassette 10 has a chamber 11 with base 12. Cassette 10 is positioned on a work station using pin that extend through openings 13 and 14. The cassette chamber 15 is evacuated or filled with gas through channel 20, valve 18 and port 17. Valve 18 is opened or closed by a value actuator (not illustrated) coupled to valve lever 19. Chamber 15 has two baffles 21 and 22 positioned at the chamber end of channel 20 to evenly distribute gases input to the chamber. Semiconductor wafers 16 are shown spaced apart in the vacuum chamber.
FIG. 2 illustrates the vacuum cassette of FIG. 1 mounted and secured to a work station. As illustrated, the vacuum cassette and valve position are in a backfill mode.
The cassette is mounted on a work surface 27 and secured to the work surface with hold-down clamps 23 and 24. Hold-down clamps 23 and 24 pivot around a pin 23a (clamp 23) and pin 24a (clamp 24) to hold the base of the vacuum cassette down against the work surface 27. Pins 13a and 14a position the cassette such that port 17 of the cassette matches port 17a of the gas/vacuum line.
The interface between openings 17 and 17a is sealed by O-ring 30 so that when a vacuum is being pulled, or gas is introduced into the vacuum cassette, there will be no leakage from outside the cassette at the interface at 17 and 17a.
Valve 18 is actuated by valve actuator 26. Actuator 26 is coupled to valve 18 by actuator lever 25 and valve lever 19. Valve 18 is shown in the open position.
A rotary or other type valve 29 is used to open and close line 17a which connects the vacuum cassette 11 to a vacuum pump at 32 or to a source of backfill gas at 31. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the rotary valve is shown in the gas backfill position.
Operation of the vacuum cassette illustrated in FIG. 2 is as follows.
Cassette 11 is secured to a work surface 27 with clamps 23 and 24. The port at 17 is sealed with O-ring 30 against the work surface 27. The cassette is then backfilled with a gas through line 31, rotary valve 29, port 17, and cassette valve 18. Once the cassette is backfilled and the pressure inside the cassette approximates the atmospheric pressure outside the cassette, the cassette may be opened (the door to the cassette is not illustrated), the semiconductor wafers 16 removed, and processed. After processing, the semiconductor wafers are returned to the cassette, and the cassette evacuated through valve 18, port 17, and rotary valve 29 to the vacuum pump through line 32.
FIG. 3 illustrates a vacuum cassette with two ports and two valves. The use of two valves and two ports allows separation of the backfill and vacuum pump-down functions to prevent cross contamination of the semiconductor wafers. It also provides for direct purging of the interior of the vacuum cassette through the base of the vacuum cassette in the event of particle contamination.
Vacuum cassette 40 has a base 42 with alignment holes 50 and 51, and ports 48 and 49. Access to vacuum chamber 41 is through two paths: port 48, valve 45 and channel 47; and port 49, valve 43 and channel 55. Two baffles, 52 and 53, are located in chamber 41. These baffles are used to prevent direct flow of gases across the semiconductor wafers 54. Valve 45 is actuated by lever 46 and valve 43 is actuated by lever 44.
FIG. 4 shows the vacuum cassette of FIG. 3 mounted on a work surface 60 and clamped thereto with clamps 61 and 62. Vacuum cassette 40 is aligned on the work surface 60 with alignment pins 50a and 51a. Port 48 of the vacuum cassette is aligned with port 63 of the work surface and sealed thereto with O-ring 75. Port 49 of the vacuum cassette is aligned with port 49a of the work surface 60 and the two ports, 49, and 49a are sealed with O-ring 74.
Baffles 52 and 53 are arranged to baffle and diffuse the gas flow into and through the chamber 41. The baffle is used to minimize the particle disturbance from either backfill or pump down, and to maximize the rate of backfill and/or pump down for production considerations. Gas velocities above a critical level can introduce settled particles back into the inside environment with the possibility of wafer contamination.
The valves in FIG. 4 are shown in a purge mode. A purge gas is introduced into line 69 through valve 68, line 67, filter 66, and into the cassette through port 48, and valve 45 and channel 47. The purge gas flows into cassette chamber 41, then out through valve 43, port 49 and through valve 64 to the vacuum pump.
To evacuate vacuum chamber 41, valve 45 is closed and the vacuum pump pulls the vacuum through valve 43, port 49 and valve 64. When the vacuum in chamber 41 it at the desired level, then valve 43 is closed.
When chamber 41 has a vacuum therein, and it is desirable to remove the vacuum so that the semiconductor wafers may be removed, valves 45 and 68 are opened and a suitable gas, commonly clean air or other gas is introduced into the chamber, Backfilling of the chamber with the clean gas brings the chamber to a pressure approximately equal to the pressure outside the cassette.
As vacuum cassettes become more common in semiconductor production, it will be important to minimize the cost of the interface with non-vacuum equipment. The vacuum cassettes and interface system described above will cost considerably less than a load-lock system.