Ampicillin sodium/Sulbactam sodium
Classification: Antibiotic, penicillin
See Also: See also Anti-Infectives and Penicillins.
Content: The Powder for Injection contains either 1 g ampicillin sodium and 0.5 g sulbactam sodium, 2 g ampicillin sodium and 1 g sulbactam sodium, or 10 g ampicillin and 5 g sulbactam sodium.
Action/Kinetics: For details, see Ampicillin oral. Sulbactam is present in this product because it irreversibly inhibits beta-lactamases, thus ensuring activity of ampicillin against beta-lactamase-producing microorganisms. Thus, sulbactam broadens the antibiotic spectrum of ampicillin to those bacteria normally resistant to it. Peak serum levels, after IV infusion: 15 min. t 1/2, both drugs: about 1 hr. From 75%-85% of both drugs is excreted unchanged in the urine within 8 hr after administration.
Uses: Infections caused by beta-lactamase-producing strains of the following: (a) skin and skin structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species (including K. pneumoniae), Proteus mirabilis, Bacteroides fragilis, Enterobacter species, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus; (b) intra-abdominal infections caused by E. coli, Klebsiella species (including K. pneumoniae), Bacteroides (including B. fragilis and Enterobacter) (c) gynecologic infections caused by E. coli and Bacteroides (including B. fragilis). NOTE: Mixed infections caused by ampicillin-susceptible organisms and beta-lactamase-producing organisms are susceptible to this product; thus, additional antibiotics do not have to be used.
Special Concerns: Safety and efficacy in children 1 year of age and older have not been established for intra-abdominal infections or for IM administration.
Side Effects: At site of injection: Pain and thrombophlebitis. GI: Diarrhea, N&V, flatulence, abdominal distention, glossitis. CNS: Fatigue, malaise, headache. GU: Dysuria, urinary retention. Miscellaneous: Itching, chest pain, edema, facial swelling, erythema, chills, tightness in throat, epistaxis, substernal pain, mucosal bleeding, candidiasis.
Laboratory Test Alterations: AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, LDH, creatinine, BUN; also, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets. Serum albumin and total proteins, H&H, RBCs, WBCs, and platelets. Presence of RBCs and hyaline casts in urine.
Overdose Management: Symptoms: Neurologic symptoms, including convulsions. Treatment: Both ampicillin and sulbactam may be removed by hemodialysis.
How Supplied: See Content