Research Technical Report
A PDF version of this paper is available here:
Natural and Climate Change Mediated Invasions
S.I. Lonhart (2009)
In: G. Rilov and J.A. Crooks (eds.), Biological Invasions in Marine Ecosystems. Ecological Studies 204, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. p. 57-69.
Species distributions are constantly in flux. Biological and physical factors continually influence the rates of range expansions and contractions, altering the distribution of species in space and through time (MacArthur 1972; Brown 1995; Brown et al. 1996). Ranges expand as individuals colonize new areas and contract as populations become locally extinct. Understanding how organisms respond to environmental changes and describing the underlying mechanisms are key research components in the fields of ecology and biogeography. Knowing where populations occur - and where they are absent - provides insights into the ecological and physical factors that regulate patterns of density and distribution (see also Chap. 2, Carlton). Historically, biological responses were due to natural processes and often occurred over long (geological) time scales. More recently, anthropogenic (i.e. human-mediated) processes have played an increasingly important role in driving patterns of density and distribution. In this chapter I will present biological invasions in the context of geographic range shifts, explore range shifts due to natural, anthropogenic, and artificial processes, and consider how climate change is already affecting species distributions.
Lonhart, S.I. 2009. Natural and climate change mediated invasions. In: G. Rilov and J.A. Crooks (eds.), Biological Invasions in Marine Ecosystems. Ecological Studies 204, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. p. 57-69.