Transylvanian Alps, also called Southern Carpathians, Romanian Carpaţii Meridionali, mountainous region of south-central Romania. It consists of that section of the Carpathian Mountain arc from the Prahova River valley (east) to the gap in which flow the Timiş and Cerna rivers.
Average elevation in the Transylvanian Alps is 4,920–5,740 feet (1,500–1,750 metres). The highest point in Romania, Mount Moldoveanu (8,346 feet [2,544 metres]), is in the Făgăraş Range, southeast of the city of Sibiu. The total length is about 155 miles (250 km). The Transylvanian Alps include three groups of ranges. They are a higher, more continuous, and more impassable section of the Carpathians than the eastern and western segments and are broken only by four passes. There is one major intermontane depression, the Petroşani. The Carpathian ranges, formed in Cenozoic times (i.e., within about the past 65 million years), are part of the Alpine–Himalayan system and of the eastern arm of the European Alpine fold chain.