What is "Fair Use"
Limitations on exclusive rights" Fair Use, Section 107 offers a set of factors to consider when using copyrighted work for teaching or research. Specifically, the factors include:
(1) the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes;
(2) the nature of the copyrighted work;
(3) the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and
(4) the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.
Also stated at Cornell University Law School, Legal Information Institute, U.S. Code Collection, and
The Fair Use Doctrine (scroll down), which says:
"Fair Use Defined. The Fair Use Doctrine provides for limited use of copyrighted materials for educational and research purposes without permission from the owners. It is not a blanket exemption. Instead, each proposed use must be analyzed under a four-part test. "
The Copyright & Fair Use pages from Stanford University Libraries provide extensive references to this complex topic.
Copyright Basics: Fair Use, from the Campus Guide to Copyright Compliance, Copyright Clearance Center.
"Library Digitization Projects and Copyright," by Mary Minow, lays out the provisions clearly.