The Kruger National Park spans across two of South Africa's 9 provinces, the Limpopo and the Mpumalanga provinces and covers over 19 455 km2 and is 350 kilometres (217 miles) long from north to south and 60 kilometres (37.2 miles) wide from east to west. The entire eastern boundary of the reserve is located on the border of Mozambique while its northern border is formed by the Limpopo River and the border of South Africa and Zimbabwe.
Several major rivers cut through the safari park, including the Letaba, Limpopo, Sabie and Umgwenya (Crocodile) Rivers. The landscape is most plains which are occasionally broken up by the Lebombo mountain range that runs along the Mozambican border from north to south. Most of the park lies between 260 to 440 metres above sea level with the lowest point being found at the Sabie Gorge and the highest point of 839m being at Khandiwe near Malelane, both towards the south of the safari park.
The area making up the safari park has been occupied by humans for many years and there is evidence of people living in the reserve in the Earlier, Middle and Later Stone Age periods, however; most of the evidence is found along river or flood plains which indicates the habitation was only seasonal.
Rock paintings in the over hangs of caves provided evidence of the San people living in the area from about 20 000 years to 150 years. The most popular historical site in the reserve is the Thulamela site, in the north near Punda Maria. Visitors can take guided tours to the location to view the extensive stone walls on the hill top as well as the evidence of iron and gold-smelting.
First European Colonists
The first European travellers moved down from Delagoa Bay in Mozambique into the game reserve in 1725 while in search of trade opportunities. They clashed with the local indigenous warriors when they entered the area just north of the Umgwenya River and were forced to retreat back from where they came. More than 100 years later the Voortrekkers arrived in the area in 1836 but struggled with malaria and other problems and moved out onto the escarpment where they could descend and graze their cattle in winter and also hunt the abundant game.
The First Game Reserve
A game reserve in the region was first suggested in 1895 by Jakob Louis van Wyk who put forward a successful motion and South African president, Paul Kruger proclaimed, what was later known as the Sabi Game Reserve in 1989. The park was then expanded to its current boundaries in 1926 to form what is now known as the Kruger National Park.
The First Wildlife Tours
In 1923 the first three groups of tourists visited the wildlife park. Number of visitors then steadily grew to over 850 cars just 3 years later in 1929. In 2002 the Great Limpopo Transfontier Park was established, incorporating the Kruger National Park in South Africa, the Gonarezhou National Park in Zimbabwe and the Limpopo National Park in Mozambique.