- About this Journal ·
- Abstracting and Indexing ·
- Advance Access ·
- Aims and Scope ·
- Article Processing Charges ·
- Articles in Press ·
- Author Guidelines ·
- Bibliographic Information ·
- Citations to this Journal ·
- Contact Information ·
- Editorial Board ·
- Editorial Workflow ·
- Free eTOC Alerts ·
- Publication Ethics ·
- Reviewers Acknowledgment ·
- Submit a Manuscript ·
- Subscription Information ·
- Table of Contents
Nursing Research and Practice
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 382075, 15 pages
Dealing with a Latent Danger: Parents Communicating with Their Children about Smoking
1School of Nursing, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada A1B 3V6
2Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 1C9
Received 11 February 2012; Revised 19 April 2012; Accepted 20 April 2012
Academic Editor: Sheila Payne
Copyright © 2012 Sandra P. Small et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
- World Health Organization, WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2011: Warning about the Dangers of Tobacco, Geneva, Switzerland, 2011.
- U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease—A Report of the Surgeon General, Atlanta, Ga, USA, 2010, http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/reports/tobaccosmoke/full_report.pdf.
- J. R. DiFranza, J. A. Savageau, N. A. Rigotti et al., “Development of symptoms of tobacco dependence in youths: 30 month follow up data from the DANDY study,” Tobacco Control, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 228–235, 2002.
- J. R. DiFranza, J. A. Savageau, K. Fletcher et al., “Symptoms of tobacco dependence after brief intermittent use: the development and assessment of nicotine dependence in youth-2 study,” Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, vol. 161, no. 7, pp. 704–710, 2007.
- The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) at Columbia University, Tobacco: The Smoking Gun, New York, NY, USA, 2007, http://www.casacolumbia.org/absolutenm/templates/PressReleases.aspx?articleid=508&zoneid=65.
- C. W. Warren, S. Asma, J. Lee, V. Lea, and J. Mackay, Global Tobacco Surveillance System: The GTSS Atlas, CDC Foundation, Atlanta, Ga, USA, 2009, http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/global/gtss/tobacco_atlas/pdfs/tobacco_atlas.pdf.
- Health Canada, Health Concerns: CTUMS 2010 Wave 1 Survey Results, 2011, http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hc-ps/tobac-tabac/research-recherche/stat/_ctums-esutc_2010/w-p-1_sum-som-eng.php.
- Health Canada, Health Concerns: Summary of Results of the 2008-09 Youth Smoking Survey, 2010, http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hc-ps/tobac-tabac/research-recherche/stat/_survey-sondage_2008-2009/result-eng.php.
- Health Canada, Health Concerns: Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey (CTUMS) 2009—Summary of Annual Results for 2009, 2010, http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hc-ps/tobac-tabac/research-recherche/stat/_ctums-esutc_2009/ann_summary-sommaire-eng.php.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs—2007, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, Atlanta, Ga, USA, 2007.
- J. Corbin and A. Strauss, Basics of Qualitative Research 3e: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory, Sage, Los Angeles, Calif, USA, 2008.
- A. Strauss and J. Corbin, Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory, Sage, Thousand Oaks, Calif, USA, 2nd edition, 1998.
- J. L. Muilenburg and J. S. Legge, “Investigating adolescents' sources of information concerning tobacco and the resulting impact on attitudes toward public policy,” Journal of Cancer Education, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 148–153, 2009.
- L. A. Baxter, C. L. Bylund, R. Imes, and T. Routsong, “Parent-child perceptions of parental behavioural control through rule-setting for risky health choices during adolescence,” Journal of Family Communication, vol. 9, pp. 251–271, 2009.
- T. Bush, S. J. Curry, J. Hollis et al., “Preteen attitudes about smoking and parental factors associated with favorable attitudes,” American Journal of Health Promotion, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 410–417, 2005.
- J. Wyman, J. H. Price, T. R. Jordan, J. A. Dake, and S. K. Telljohann, “Parents' perceptions of the role of schools in tobacco use prevention and cessation for youth,” Journal of Community Health, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 225–248, 2006.
- R. N. H. de Leeuw, R. H. J. Scholte, Z. Harakeh, J. F. J. van Leeuwe, and R. C. M. E. Engels, “Parental smoking-specific communication, adolescents' smoking behavior and friendship selection,” Journal of Youth and Adolescence, vol. 37, no. 10, pp. 1229–1241, 2008.
- S. K. Riesch, L. Bush, C. J. Nelson et al., “Topics of conflict between parents and young adolescents,” Journal of the Society of Pediatric Nurses, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 27–40, 2000.
- S. T. Ennett, K. E. Bauman, V. A. Foshee, M. Pemberton, and K. A. Hicks, “Parent-child communication about adolescent tobacco and alcohol use: what do parents say and does it affect youth behavior?” Journal of Marriage and Family, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 48–62, 2001.
- M. A. Miller-Day, “Parent-adolescent communication about alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use,” Journal of Adolescent Research, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 604–616, 2002.
- L. Throckmorton-Belzer, V. L. Tyc, L. A. Robinson, J. L. Klosky, S. Lensing, and A. K. Booth, “Anti-smoking communication to preadolescents with and without a cancer diagnosis: parents and health care providers as important communicators,” Children's Health Care, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 283–300, 2009.
- M. von Bothmer and B. Fridlund, “Promoting a tobacco-free generation: who is responsible for what?” Journal of Clinical Nursing, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 784–792, 2001.
- M. D. Dixon, “Models and perspectives of parent-child communication,” in Parents, Children & Communication: Frontiers of Theory and Research, T. J. Socha and G. Stamp, Eds., pp. 43–61, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, USA, 1995.
- S. Jackson, J. Bijstra, L. Oostra, and H. Bosma, “Adolescents' perceptions of communication with parents relative to specific aspects of relationships with parents and personal development,” Journal of Adolescence, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 305–322, 1998.
- A. L. Robin, “Communication between parent and adolescent,” in Comprehensive Adolescent Health Care, S. B. Friedman, M. Fisher, and S. K. Schonberg, Eds., pp. 643–648, Quality Medical Publishing, St. Louis, Mo, USA, 1992.
- American Academy of Pediatrics, “Policy statement-tobacco use: a pediatric disease,” Pediatrics, vol. 124, pp. 1474–1487, 2009.
- Health Canada, “Help your child stay smoke-free: a guide to protecting your child against tobacco use,” Catalogue no. H128-1/07-498E, Minister of Health, Ottawa, Canada, 2008.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, For Parents: What Parents Can Do, 2009, http://www.womenshealth.gov/quit-smoking/parents/.
- U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, Atlanta, Ga, USA, 2006.
- N. L. Alesci, J. L. Forster, and T. Blaine, “Smoking visibility, perceived acceptability, and frequency in various locations among youth and adults,” Preventive Medicine, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 272–281, 2003.
- K. K. Corbett, “Susceptibility of youth to tobacco: a social ecological framework for prevention,” Respiration Physiology, vol. 128, no. 1, pp. 103–118, 2001.
- L. Turner, R. Mermelstein, and B. Flay, “Individual and contextual influences on adolescent smoking,” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 1021, pp. 175–197, 2004.
- S. U. Rainio and A. H. Rimpelä, “Home smoking bans in Finland and the association with child smoking,” European Journal of Public Health, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 306–311, 2008.
- L. Biener, D. Cullen, Z. X. Di, and S. K. Hammond, “Household smoking restrictions and adolescents' exposure to environmental tobacco smoke,” Preventive Medicine, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 358–363, 1997.
- P. I. Clark, A. Scarisbrick-Hauser, S. P. Gautam, and S. J. Wirk, “Anti-tobacco socialization in homes of African-American and white parents, and smoking and nonsmoking parents,” Journal of Adolescent Health, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 329–339, 1999.
- Health Canada, Health Concerns: Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey (CTUMS) 2000, 2007, http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hc-ps/tobac-tabac/research-recherche/stat/_ctums-esutc_2000/yanosc-vesfcc-eng.php.
- H. J. Binns, J. O'Neil, I. Benuck, and A. J. Ariza, “Influences on parents' decisions for home and automobile smoking bans in households with smokers,” Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 272–276, 2009.
- M. C. Kegler, C. Escoffery, A. Groff, S. Butler, and A. Foreman, “A qualitative study of how families decide to adopt household smoking restrictions,” Family and Community Health, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 328–341, 2007.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Parents—Help Keep Your Kids Tobacco-Free, 2010, http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/youth/information_sheet/index.htm.
- C. H. Gibson, “The process of empowerment in mothers of chronically ill children,” Journal of advanced nursing, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1201–1210, 1995.
- D. D. Perkins and M. A. Zimmerman, “Empowerment theory, research, and application,” American Journal of Community Psychology, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 569–579, 1995.
- S. E. Beatty and D. S. Cross, “Investigating parental preferences regarding the development and implementation of a parent-directed drug-related educational intervention: an exploratory study,” Drug and Alcohol Review, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 333–342, 2006.
- S. E. Beatty, D. S. Cross, and T. M. Shaw, “The impact of a parent-directed intervention on parent-child communication about tobacco and alcohol,” Drug and Alcohol Review, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 591–601, 2008.
- C. Jackson and D. Dickinson, “Can parents who smoke socialise their children against smoking? Results from the Smoke-free Kids intervention trial,” Tobacco Control, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 52–59, 2003.
- E. M. Mahabee-Gittens, B. Huang, G. B. Slap, and J. S. Gordon, “An emergency department intervention to increase parent-child tobacco communication: a pilot study,” Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 71–83, 2008.
- E. C. Tilson, C. M. McBride, and R. N. Brouwer, “Formative development of an intervention to stop family tobacco use: the parents and children talking (PACT) intervention,” Journal of Health Communication, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 491–508, 2005.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Reducing tobacco use: a report of the surgeon general,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 49, no. 16, pp. 1–27, 2000.
- M. Rotermann, “Trends in teen sexual behaviour and condom use,” Health Reports, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 53–57, 2008.
- C. Jackson, “Initial and experimental stages of tobacco and alcohol use during late childhood: relation to peer, parent, and personal risk factors,” Addictive Behaviors, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 685–698, 1997.
- R. Laniado-Laborín, J. I. Candelaria, A. Villaseñor, S. I. Woodruff, and J. F. Sallis, “Concordance between parental and children's reports of parental smoking prompts,” Chest, vol. 125, no. 2, pp. 429–434, 2004.
- H. L. Barnes and D. H. Olson, “Parent-adolescent communication and the circumplex model,” Child Development, vol. 56, pp. 438–447, 1985.
- Z. Harakeh, R. H. J. Scholte, H. de Vries, and R. C. M. E. Engels, “Parental rules and communication: their association with adolescent smoking,” Addiction, vol. 100, no. 6, pp. 862–870, 2005.
- D. F. Herbert and K. M. Schiaffino, “Adolescents' smoking behavior and attitudes: the influence of mothers' smoking communication, behavior and attitudes,” Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 103–114, 2007.
- R. Rosnati, R. Iafrate, and E. Scabini, “Parent-adolescent communication in foster, inter-country adoptive, and biological Italian families: gender and generational differences,” International Journal of Psychology, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 36–45, 2007.