What feature did Albrecht Dürer add to the Italian Renaissance style that influenced him?
A more rugged, linear style
Albrecht Dürer's engraving Melencolia helped to develop the concept of the artist as
A gloomy genius
How did Grünewald's depiction of the Crucifixion differ from earlier examples of that motif?
in its depiction of Jesus as an abstract form instead of a human figure
The interior of the Isenheim Altarpiece depicts
hideous depictions of the suffering of the damned in Hell.
Which High Renaissance artist became the court painter to Henry VIII in 1533 and painted a famous portrait of the king in c. 1540?
Which artist was best known for his portraits, such as one of his close friend Martin Luther (1533), as well as for his landscapes?
What Netherlandish qualities did Holbein combine with German linear technique?
an emphasis on human frailty, both physical and mental
The painting Netherlandish Proverbs (1559) explicitly depicts
the ubiquity of folly among human beings.
The works of Pieter Bruegel the Elder share an affinity with which humanist literary form associated with Erasmus?
The painting Landscape with the Fall of Icarus emphasizes
the dignity of pursuing heroic deeds, even if one fails.
The content of the Garden of Earthly Delights could best be described as consisting of
a testament to the human potential for growth and perfection.
The Garden of Earthly Delights seems to consist primarily of symbols warning against the sin of
Velázquez's Las Meninas is notable for all the following characteristics EXCEPT
its depiction of female nudity.
Whose Still Life with Quince, Cabbage, Melon, and Cucumber demonstrates the precise naturalism of seventeenth-century Spanish art?
The Baroque vanitas, as exemplified by Maria van Oosterwyck's Vanitas Still Life, centered on what theme?
the danger of folly and the inevitability of decay
Which artist compared the vastness of nature to the impermanence of human achievements in works like Extensive Landscape with Ruins (1660s)?
Most of Vermeer's works were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
sweeping vistas of landscapes.
As seen in works like The Last Drop, Leyster departed from Hals in Leyster's
setting figures back in space rather than right against the picture frame.
Who painted Night Watch (1642), a work that has come to be regarded as emblematic of the Dutch nation?
In the painting Belshazzar's Feast Rembrandt shows a shared affinity with Caravaggio for
dramatic lighting effects.
Which artist showed a fascination with self-portraits (including one of himself as St. Paul), which was unusual for his time?
In his Venus and Adonis, Rubens departed from Classical and Renaissance depictions of nude women by making Venus
an active seducer.
The works of Caravaggio demonstrate all of the following EXCEPT
the use of linear perspective to draw viewers into the painting.
Who helped to redesign several London churches after the Great Fire, in addition to designing his most famous work, St. Paul's Cathedral?
In order to enhance his royal power, Louis XIV had a massive palace complex built in which town, to which he moved his court?
The piazza of St. Peter's in Rome demonstrates the Baroque taste for
involving audiences in a created space.
In order to draw attention to its altar, the church of St. Peter's in Rome was fitted with a bronze canopy, or
Baroque art generally exhibits all the following attributes EXCEPT
the appearance of controlled linear perspective.
Which artist's portrait of Paul Revere is indicative of the artist's more realistic, early style, which would later become more ornate?
Which artist's penchant for poking fun at manners and customs is evident in the series Marriage à la Mode?
Which artist's works had the most in common with the literature of Voltaire and Jonathan Swift?
Benjamin West's Death of General Wolfe aroused controversy
by depicting contemporary figures in contemporary garb.
Which mythological figure was common to the paintings The Swing and Pilgrimage to Cythera, as well as the entablatures over the doorways of the Residenz?
The erection of a pagoda in Kew Gardens, Middlesex, England, is a good representation of the Rococo fondness for
John Locke was associated with empiricism, the belief that
all knowledge of facts derives from experience.
Whose Social Contract (1762) argued that a social contract existed between the people themselves rather than between the people and their rulers?
The tone and imagery of Joseph Wright's An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump is most closely aligned with
a vanitas scene.
Adélaïde Labille-Guiard's painting Self-Portrait with Two Pupils demonstrates that
Rococo art could convey serious messages.
Which architectural style emerged in the United States during the period from 1780 through 1810?
Greenough's colossal marble statue of George Washington was inspired by Phidias's Early Classical sculpture of
In 1789, Jean-Antoine Houdon carved a marble portrait bust of which American diplomat, who was then serving as minister to France?
In the painting Declaration of Independence (1817), the tallest figure—in the red vest—is
The painting Napoleon Enthroned demonstrates all the following artistic influences EXCEPT
the energetic movement of Baroque.
What theme is developed through the subject matter of the Oath of the Horatii?
the virtue of placing one's country before oneself
Napoleon at Saint Bernard Pass explicitly links the French general with which two historical figures?
Charlemagne and Hannibal
Which feature of Roman triumphal arches was NOT incorporated into the Arc de Triomphe?
pilasters and columns
Whose Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop's Garden demonstrates a nostalgia for the past and a sense of humanity's oneness with nature?
Which artist attempted in paintings like The Oxbow to develop a "higher style of landscape" that would contain moral or religious significance?
Folk art such as Hicks's The Peaceable Kingdom tends to exhibit all of the following elements EXCEPT
references to Classical imagery.
Which American author is best known for a series of novels extolling Indians as "noble savages"?
Whose Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, October 16, 1834 explored the theme of the ease with which nature could destroy man-made artifices?
Which of the following is NOT an element of Liberty Leading the People?
the rejection of French nationalism
What was the aim of the painting Massacre at Chios?
to arouse sympathy for the Greeks struggling to gain freedom from the Turks
Whose illuminated frontispiece Ancient of Days depicts God organizing the world with a compass?
William Blake's works most clearly illustrate which element of Romanticism?
its embrace of a mystical form of Christianity
One of the few renowned Romantic sculptors was which creator of the relief Departure of the Volunteers of 1792?
The Royal Pavilion at Brighton most clearly demonstrates the Romantics' interest in
"exotic" cultures such as that of the Far East.
Romantic art was characterized by all of the following traits EXCEPT
an indifference to current events.
Over the course of the nineteenth century, which of the following entities declined in importance as patron of the arts?
the Catholic Church
The continuing influence of Romanticism on early works of Realism such as The Gleaners and The Horse Fair can be seen most clearly in the paintings' depictions of
What feature do the paintings The Gleaners and Stone Breakers share?
the limited individualization of their human figures
The painting Stone Breakers reflects the influence of which sociopolitical ideology on its creator?
Which of the following phrases best describes the scenes portrayed in French Realist works?
Which artist made a living throughout most of his career by drawing satirical cartoons for La Caricature and La Charivari?
At the center of Daumier's print The Freedom of the Press: Don't Meddle with It stands a heroic
member of the working class.
Daumier's print Louis Philippe as Gargantua depicts the French king as
an insatiable giant who gorges himself while the poor starve.
Daguerreotypes exhibited all the following characteristics EXCEPT that
the required exposure time was several hours.
Which of the following statements best describes Julia Margaret Cameron's approach to photography?
She viewed it as a means of aesthetic expression accomplished through manipulative techniques.
Compared with the works of Nadar and Cameron, Brady's photographs of Lincoln and Lee are more