Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3)
DHA is generally associated with neurological and ocular health benefits and benefits to the nervous system. Many experts recommend an increased intake of DHA for expectant and nursing mothers as well as infants because of their obvious benefits.
DHA is recognized as a physiologically essential nutrient in the brain and retina and is therefore needed for neuronal functioning and visual acuteness. Even Health Canada has recognized the benefits of DHA, which has led to the addition of regulated, restricted amounts of DHA in various foods such as eggs, milk, cheese, bread, etc.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3)
EPA has many health benefits for the heart and cardiovascular system. An increased intake of EPA is generally associated with a lower risk of primary and secondary heart attack rates, death from cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality.
In one study, higher EPA levels in blood serum phospholipids resulted in a 70% lower risk of fatal ischemic heart disease. This means more EPA is beneficial in people with documented coronary heart diseases, especially those with risk factors for sudden cardiac death
Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5 n-3)
Found only in marine sources of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids.
DPA is often overlooked as a significant component of long-chain Omega-3 fatty acids. This is primarily because most Omega-3 studies are conducted using fish or fish oil that contain only small amounts of DPA. Relatively few studies have been done using seal oil with its much higher content of DPA. DPA works with EPA and DHA to provide health benefits to the heart and to mothers and children.
Studies have shown that DPA has health benefits for the heart. Population studies show that higher levels of DPA result in lower rates of coronary heart disease risks. In addition, while EPA is known for its cardiovascular benefits, DPA is said to be ten times more effective than EPA in healing damaged blood vessels.