Context It is not known whether articles with group authorship (ie, with a research
group name listed as the author) are difficult to identify or whether use
of group authorship may lead to problems with citation.
Methods To examine ways in which reports of controlled trials with group authorship
are indexed and citations counted in bibliographic databases, we conducted
a cross-sectional study in January 2000. We identified 47 controlled trials
funded by the National Eye Institute and 285 associated articles. Between
January and August 2000, we searched PubMed and Science Citation Index (SCI)
and recorded the citation practices for these articles. Our main outcome measures
were ways in which trial reports were listed in PubMed and SCI and number
of citations to each report by type of authorship.
Results Of the 285 published reports identified, 126 (44%) had group authorship,
109 (38%) had modified group authorship (listing individual names plus the
name of the research group), and 50 (18%) had named authors only. In PubMed,
no group authors were listed in the author field (per MEDLINE rules); in SCI,
group-authored reports generally were incorrectly attributed (first name on
investigator list [35.3%], first name on writing committee [25.5%], contact
name [16.7%], anonymous [16.7%], and other [5.9%]). Using the SCI general
search, we identified citations to 16.7% of group-authored reports, compared
with citations to 96.9% of reports with modified group authorship and 93.9%
of citations to reports with named authors only. Other systematic search methods
found that more than 98% of group-authored reports actually had been cited
and that group-authored reports were cited more than other reports.
Conclusions Indexing systems are not optimally adapted to group authorship. We recommend
that indexing services change their practices to include group authors in
the author field to help correct the problem.