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About Xanthus Scamander (River God)
n Greek mythology, Scamander /sk?'mænd?/ (Skamandros, Xanthos) was a river god, son of Oceanus and Tethys according to Hesiod. Scamander is also thought of as the river god, son of Zeus. By Idaea, he fathered King Teucer. He was also mentioned as the father of Glaucia.
Scamander fought on the side of the Trojans during the Trojan War (Iliad XX, 73/74; XXI), after the Greek hero Achilles insulted him. Scamander was also said to have attempted to kill Achilles three times, and the hero was only saved due to the intervention of Hera, Athena and Hephaestus. In this context, he is the personification of the Scamander River that flowed from Mount Ida across the plain beneath the city of Troy, joining the Hellespont north of the city. The Achaeans, according to Homer, had set up their camp near its mouth, and their battles with the Trojans were fought on the plain of Scamander. In Iliad XXII (149ff), Homer states that the river had two springs: one produced warm water; the other yielded cold water, regardless of the season.
According to Homer, he was called Xanthos by gods and Scamander by men, which might indicate that the former name refers to the god and the latter one to the river itself.
SKAMANDROS (or Scamander) was a River-God of the Troad, in Mysia, Anatolia (modern Turkey).
The River Skamandros was the largest river of the plain of Troy. Its headwaters were in the foothills of Mount Ida, and its mouth near the entrance to the Hellespont. Several of its tributaries were also personified as River-Gods, such as the Simoeis, Heptaporos, and Kebren. The major neighbouring rivers were the Rhodios to the east, and Satnoeis in the south.
-  OKEANOS & TETHYS (Hesiod Theogony 345, Hyginus Preface)
-  ZEUS (Homer Iliad, Philostratus Elder 2.8, Ptolemy Hephaestion 4)
-  TEUKROS (by Idaia) (Apollodorus 3.139, Diodorus Siculus 4.75.1)
-  KALLIRHOE, STRYMO (Apollodorus 3.141, 3.146)
-  THE NYMPHAI TROIADES (Quintus Smyrnaeus 11.245 & 14.17; Colluthus 1)
-  GLAUKIA (Plutarch Greek Questions 41)
Greek - A river-god of Troy. Father of Strymo. Father of Teucer by Idaea. He was a Cretan who founded a colony in Phrygia. He fell into the river Xanthus, which thereafter became the Scamander, the source of fertility for maidens who bathed in its waters, and fathered Teucer on a rivernymph. He was said to have fought Achilles who had filled the river with corpses to avenge the death of Patroclus. Hephaestus stopped the fight by scorching the river dry. Also known as Scamander, Scamandros, Scamandros, Scamandrous, Scamandrous, Skamandros, Skamandros, Xanthus, Xanthus, Scamandro(u)s, Scamandro(u)s, Xanthos, Xanthos or Xanthus.
A river god, son of Oceanus and Tethys according to Hesiod, Scamander is also deemed a son of Zeus. By Idaea, he fathered King Teucer. Scamander fought on the side of the Trojans, and in this context, is the personification of the Scamander River that flowed from Mount Ida across the plain beneath the city of Troy, joining the Hellespont north of the city. He was called Xanthus by gods and Scamander by men.
BkII394 BkV1 The river plain before Troy.
BkV767 BkVI1 BkVII313 One of the two great rivers of the plain.
BkVIII489 The Trojans camp between it and the Greek ships.
BkXI489 Hector fights by the river, on the Trojan left flank.
BkXII1 After the war, Poseidon diverted its streams to destroy the Greek wall.
BkXIV402 The wounded Hector rests there. The river-god is deemed a son of Zeus.
BkXX1 The river-god supports the Trojans.
BkXXI1 Achilles drives the Trojans into its waters.
BkXXI34 Achilles hurls Lycaon’s body into its waters. The Trojans sacrificed bulls to the river-god, and threw live horses into the river.
BkXXI136 The river-god is angered at Achilles’ slaughter, and aids Asteropaeus.
BkXXI200 He opposes Achilles, and sends his flood after him.
BkXXI298 BkXXI383 Opposed by Hephaestus’ flames, he capitulates and vows not to aid the Trojans.
BkXXI526 Apollo leads Achilles towards the river.
BkXXII131 Two springs form its source, one hot, one cold (here symbolising life and death?).
BkXXIV677 Priam returns there bringing Hector’s body back to Troy.
Xanthus Scamander (River God)'s Timeline