Thirty-four studies were included, of which 15 (according to tables) were randomised controlled trials (RCTs), 16 were case series, and three had other designs. The total number of participants was unclear, but most studies had fewer than 30 and none had more than 60. Eleven studies provided a power analysis, and nine fully described their inclusion and exclusion criteria. Follow-up was reported in 14 studies, and ranged from four to 111 weeks.
Strength training: In 16 studies, improvements were seen in strength of selected muscle groups on dynamometry and the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), some of which were maintained at follow-up.
Functional training: Results varied across the five studies and outcomes. Some studies reported improvements in GMFM, endurance, and measures, such as gait speed and stride length.
Body weight-supported treadmill training: Six studies were found. GMFM showed a significant improvement in two case series, but the only controlled study found a non-significant difference between groups.
Neurodevelopmental therapy: Two of three studies reported significant improvements in GMFM. One of these compared two levels of intensity and found greater improvements with the higher intensity.
Treatment dosage: Four controlled studies compared different intensities of general physiotherapy; none found a significant difference.
Further results were reported.