Defining Sexual Assault Nationally
Federal Criminal Code
Federal and nonfederal courts coexist in separate, yet highly related judicial systems. Statutory powers not expressly given to the U.S. Government are retained by the states. Federal criminal jurisdiction can occur when sexual assaults take place on federal land (e.g., American Indian reservations, national parks) and for sexual assaults that have interstate or international components (e.g., kidnapping cases, assaults on cruise ships).
The Federal Criminal Code defines sexual abuse by the degree of force or threat of force used:
National Victim Assistance Academy Textbook Chapter 3.2 discusses federal criminal jurisdiction and chapter 10 discusses sexual assault.
- Aggravated sexual abuse includes circumstances when a person knowingly causes another person to engage in a sexual act or attempts to do so by using force or threatening a person with death, serious bodily injury, or kidnapping. Aggravated sexual abuse also includes situations in which a person knowingly renders another person unconscious or administers a drug, intoxicant, or other similar substance without the knowledge or permission of that person and engages in a sexual act.
- Abusive sexual contact takes place when no sexual penetration actually occurs but when intentional touching of the genitalia, anus, groin, breast, inner thigh, or buttocks is used to abuse, humiliate, or harass another person.