The present article after analyzes the politics of ambient support and social responsibility implanted by Petrobra's accidents that had caused great ambient impacts e, even though, deaths. With this politics, the company looks for simultaneously, to give a reply to the Brazilian society, and if to fit in new standards of competitiveness taxes for the convention of the Sustainable Development. This concept, much argued and spread out from the decade of 70, inserts - in the debate concerning the routes of the development, with prominence for the teses on the limits of the economic growth and the scarcity of the natural resources. being the oil the main energy source of the modern society is, also, the main target of the critical ones. The monograph still presents the evolution of the World-wide Industry of the Oil, detaching its importance in the international scene and describes the risks related to this activity. Word-Key: Environment, Support, Petroliferous Industry.