Researchers led by Bruce Logan of Penn State University have developed a modified microbial electrolysis cell where bacteria break down acetic acid (from fermentation of plant waste) and cellulose. The cell creates about 0.3 volts. A short burst of 0.2 volts external energy released hydrogen gas. Almost 3x more energy was created than used to drive the process. The process is more efficient that electrolysis and can use cellulose directly without requiring preprocessing to break down the cellulose into sugars. Research is underway to find alternatives to the platinum currently used in one of the electrodes.