HP OpenVMS Systems Documentation
HP OpenVMS DCL Dictionary
The REPLY/STATUS command in this example requests that the operator terminal status for terminal OPA0 be displayed. The response from OPCOM indicates that terminal OPA0 is enabled to receive messages from disk devices.
Displays a message at a system operator's terminal and optionally requests a reply. All messages are logged at the operator's console and in the operator's log file, if that file is initialized.
When you use the REQUEST command to send a message to an operator, the message is displayed at the operator terminals specified with the /TO qualifier.
Terminates a GOSUB subroutine procedure and returns control to the command following the calling GOSUB command.
The RETURN command terminates the GOSUB subroutine and returns control back to the command following the calling GOSUB command.
Executes an image within the context of your process. You can abbreviate the RUN command to a single letter, R.
This command executes an image within the context of your process. You can abbreviate the RUN command to a single letter, R.
$ RUN LIBRA
The image LIBRA.EXE starts executing in the process. If the image LIBRA has been installed with amplified privileges, it runs with those privileges because you have not explicitly specified a version number or a semicolon. Alternatively, the image LIBRA.EXE still runs with its amplified privileges, if you enter the RUN command as follows:
$ RUN LIBRA.EXE
$ MACRO/ENABLE=DEBUG ORION $ LINK/DEBUG ORION $ RUN ORION VAX DEBUG Version 5.4 %DEBUG-I-INITIAL, language is MACRO, module set to 'ORION' DBG> . . . $ RUN/NODEBUG ORION
A program is compiled, linked, and run with the debugger. Subsequently, a RUN/NODEBUG command requests that the debugger, which is present in the image, not issue a prompt. If an error occurs while the image executes, the debugger can perform traceback and report on the error.
$ RUN AQUARIUS.EXE;1
The image AQUARIUS.EXE starts executing in the process. If the image AQUARIUS.EXE has been installed with amplified privileges, it does not run with those privileges because you have specified a version number. Instead, the image runs with current process privileges only. When you specify a version number (or even just a semicolon), the image activator does not search its list of special images that have been installed with privileges. The process AQUARIUS still runs with only normal process privileges if you enter the RUN command as follows:
$ RUN AQUARIUS.EXE;
In this case, however, the highest version of the image AQUARIUS runs.
Creates a subprocess or a detached process to run an image and deletes the process when the image completes execution. A subprocess is created if any of the qualifiers except the /UIC or the /DETACHED qualifier is specified. A detached process is created if the /UIC or the /DETACHED qualifier is specified and you have the IMPERSONATE user privilege.
filespecSpecifies the file name of an executable image to be executed in a separate process. The default file type is .EXE. The asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters are not allowed in the file specification.
The RUN command creates a process to execute the specified image. If you specify the /UIC or the /DETACHED qualifier, the RUN command creates a detached process; otherwise, the RUN command creates a subprocess.
When you specify any qualifiers with the RUN command, the RUN command creates a process and displays the process identification (PID) code in SYS$OUTPUT. The newly created process executes the image named in the file specification. When the image has finished executing, the system deletes the process that was running that image.
By default, the RUN command creates a subprocess with the same user identification code (UIC), current disk and directory defaults, privileges, and priority as the current process.
If the detached process terminates unexpectedly and you want to find out why, you can use the Accounting utility to display the final exit status of the process. For more information, see the HP OpenVMS System Management Utilities Reference Manual.
Both the /DETACHED and the /UIC qualifiers request the RUN command to create a detached process. You must have the user privilege IMPERSONATE or CMKRNL to create a detached process with a different UIC. When you create a detached process, the resource quotas are established as follows:
- If you do not specify a value for a particular quota, that quota is given the value of the corresponding PQL_D* (default) system parameter.
- If you specify a value for a particular quota, that value is compared with the quotas for the creator process (maximum) and the system parameters PQL_M* (minimum). If the value you specify is within the allowed range, it is used for the new process. If you specify a value greater than the creator process's quota, the creator process's quota is used. If the specified value is less than the corresponding system parameter, the system parameter value is substituted.
However, if you have the IMPERSONATE or CMKRNL privilege, you can specify any quotas for the detached process.
Use the following qualifiers to assign equivalence names for the logical names SYS$INPUT, SYS$OUTPUT, and SYS$ERROR for the process:/INPUT
The equivalence names you specify for these process-permanent files are interpreted within the context of the process you are creating. For example, file type defaults, and logical name use and translation are image- and language-dependent.
Use the following qualifiers to override the default attributes for a process:/ACCOUNTING
When you enter a RUN command to create a process, you can define quotas to restrict the amount of various system resources available to the process. The following resource quota is deductible when you create a subprocess; that is, the value you specify is subtracted from your current quota and given to the subprocess:
Qualifier Quota /TIME_LIMIT CPUTIME
The system defines minimum values for each specifiable quota. If you specify a quota that is below the minimum, or if you specify a deductible quota that reduces your current quota below the minimum, the RUN command cannot create the process. To determine your current quotas, enter the SHOW PROCESS/QUOTAS command.
You can also specify limits for nondeductible quotas. Nondeductible quotas are established and maintained separately for each process and subprocess. The following qualifiers specify nondeductible quotas:
Qualifier Quota /AST_LIMIT ASTLM /EXTENT WSEXTENT /IO_BUFFERED BIOLM /IO_DIRECT DIOLM /MAXIMUM_WORKING_SET WSQUOTA /WORKING_SET WSDEFAULT
A third type of quota treatment is pooling. Pooled quotas are established when a detached process is created. They are shared by that process and all its descendent subprocesses. Charges against pooled quota values are subtracted from the current available totals as they are used and are added back to the total when they are not being used. The following qualifiers specify pooled quotas:
Qualifier Quota /BUFFER_LIMIT BYTLM /ENQUEUE_LIMIT ENQLM /FILE_LIMIT FILLM /PAGE_FILE PGFLQUOTA /QUEUE_LIMIT TQELM /SUBPROCESS_LIMIT PRCLM
Use the following qualifiers to schedule execution of the image:/DELAY
If you specify any of these qualifiers, the RUN command creates the process and places it in hibernation. The process cannot execute the image until it is awakened. Time values specified with these three qualifiers control when the process is awakened to execute the specified image.
You can schedule wakeup requests for a specified delta time (/DELAY qualifier) or absolute time (/SCHEDULE qualifier). You can also schedule wakeup requests for recurrent intervals with the /INTERVAL qualifier. If you specify an interval time, the created process is awakened to execute the specified image at fixed time intervals. If the image terminates normally (for example, by a RET instruction), the process returns to a state of hibernation, awaiting the next scheduled wakeup time and user-mode exit handlers are not called. At the next wakeup time, the image is recalled at its entry point; the image is not reactivated. If the image terminates abnormally, or by an $EXIT command, or by a $FORCEX command, the process does not return to hibernation, further scheduling requests are terminated, user-mode exit handlers are called, the image exits, and the created process is deleted.
Use the /PROCESS_NAME qualifier to give the created process a name. You can use this process name in a subsequent STOP or CANCEL command. A STOP command terminates execution of the image in the process and causes the process to be deleted. The CANCEL command cancels wakeup requests that are scheduled but have not yet been delivered.
/NOACCOUNTINGRequires ACNT (accounting) privilege to use the /NOACCOUNTING qualifier.
The /NOACCOUNTING qualifier stops the current accounting file tracking the resources used by the created process.
The /ACCOUNTING qualifier (the default) has no effect.
/AST_LIMIT=quotaSpecifies the maximum number of asynchronous system traps (ASTs) that the created process can have outstanding.
If you do specify an AST limit quota, the default quota established at system generation time is used. The minimum required for any process to execute is 2.
The AST limit quota is nondeductible.
/NOAUTHORIZE (default)Requires IMPERSONATE privilege.
When the image to be executed is the system login image (LOGINOUT.EXE), this qualifier searches the user authorization file (UAF) to validate a detached process. The /NOAUTHORIZE qualifier creates a detached process that runs under the control of the command interpreter.
When you specify the /AUTHORIZE qualifier, quotas are derived from the user authorization file (UAF) record of the process' owner. Any qualifiers to the RUN command that specify other quotas are ignored in favor of the UAF quotas.
When you specify the /NOAUTHORIZE qualifier, quotas are derived from the system parameters that set process quota default limits (parameters prefixed with PQL_D).
Specify the /AUTHORIZE qualifier if you want the login image to check the UAF whenever a detached process is created. The process-permanent files specified by the /INPUT and /OUTPUT qualifiers are made available to the command interpreter for input and output.
/BUFFER_LIMIT=quotaSpecifies the maximum amount of memory, in bytes, that the process can use for buffered I/O operations or for temporary mailbox creation.
If you do not specify a buffered I/O quota, the default value established at system generation time is used. The minimum amount required for any process to execute is 1024 bytes.
The buffer limit quota is pooled.
/DELAY=delta-timePlaces the created process in hibernation and awakens it after a specified time interval.
Specify the delta time according to the rules for entering delta times given in the OpenVMS User's Manual or the online help topic DCL_Tips (subtopic Date_Time).
If you specify both the /DELAY and /INTERVAL qualifiers, the first wakeup request occurs at the time specified by the /DELAY qualifier. All subsequent wakeup requests occur at the interval specified by the /INTERVAL qualifier.
/NODETACHEDCreates a detached process with the same user identification code (UIC) as the current process. (To create a detached process with a different UIC, use the /UIC qualifier.) By default, the created process is not a detached process.
By default, resource quotas for the detached process are limited by the quotas of the creator process (maximum) and the system parameters PQL_M* (minimum). The IMPERSONATE or CMKRNL privilege allows you to specify any quotas for the detached process that exceed the normal range. Unless you have the IMPERSONATE or CMKRNL privilege, the maximum number of detached processes that you can create is limited to the quota defined by MAX_DETACH in your UAF.
/NODUMP (default)When an image terminates because of an unhandled error, the /DUMP qualifier causes the contents of the address space to be written to the file named image-name.DMP in the process's default device and directory. You can then use the Analyze/Process_Dump utility to analyze the dump.
/ENQUEUE_LIMIT=quotaSpecifies the maximum number of locks that a process can have outstanding at any one time.
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