US 7150796 B2
In a method of affecting cleaning or chamber process control to remove residues of fluorinated discharges from internal PECVD chamber hardware during manufacture of a semiconductor or integrated circuit, the improvement of removing the fluorinated discharges without opening the chamber and without causing chamber downtime, comprising:
1. In a method of affecting cleaning to remove AlF3 residue from walls of a reactor chamber, the method comprising the steps of:
a) identifying cleaning process conditions of plasma containing H2-gases that maximize H-atom concentration in said plasma of a gas mixture containing H2and Ar using optical emission spectroscopy or actinometry to identify the H atom concentration in the plasma based on the relative emission intensity from excited H and Ar atoms by the formula:
said cleaning process conditions including one or more of flow rate, pressure, and RF power;
b) subjecting said reactor chamber in situ to a gas mixture of He/H2 far striking a plasma then subjecting said reactor chamber in situ to H2 gas according to the cleaning process conditions identified in step a) without opening said chamber and without shutting down said chamber to affect reduction and removal of said AlF3 residue.
This application is a divisional of patent application Ser. No. 09/965,077, entitled “Method of Removing PECVD Residues of Fluorinated Plasma Using In-SITU H2 Plasma,” filed on Sep. 28, 2001, now abandoned, which application is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a method of removing plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) residues from a reaction chamber during a process of forming semiconductors or integrated circuits. These residues result from fluorinated discharges used to remove unwanted film deposition from PECVD chamber walls when preparing semiconductor or integrated circuits.
It is known that manufacturing semiconductor devices on a wafer entails a number of steps, inclusive of photolithography and etching, thin film deposition, and the use of ion implantation steps alternately performed in order to develop or build-up the semiconductor device or wafer. Typically, the photolithography steps include coating a wafer with a photoresist wherein an ultraviolet photosensitive organic material is utilized. The photoresist is exposed through a mask, after which the resist is developed. Next, the exposed photoresist is etched thereby leaving given exposed areas on the surface of the wafer. Following the foregoing steps, additional processing steps such as deposition, implantation or etching may be employed on the exposed areas.
In deposition processes, particularly in PECVD processes, it is necessary to periodically remove or clean deposition material from the chamber or reactor hardware. A fluorine-based plasma discharge is commonly used to remove dielectric material such as silicon dioxide (SiO2), silicon nitride (Si3N4), and silicon oxynitrides (SiON). During such fluorinated plasma cleaning, AlF3 (which is a by-product of the cleaning) grows on exposed internal PECVD chamber hardware by reaction of various fluorine species with the aluminum or aluminum based chamber parts. This accumulation of AlF3 on the chamber hardware alters the ensuing plasma chemistry and adversely impacts film deposition properties. In essence, the slow accumulation of AlF3 causes drifting film properties and process control problems. (Refer to publication by B. Smith, et al, J. Electrochem. Soc. accepted for November 2001.)
Eventually, the AlF3 must be removed in order to maintain film properties within some process window. Wet chemical cleaning is commonly used to restore PECVD chamber performance (since AlF3 is water soluble). However, wet cleaning unfortunately involves removing the PECVD chamber from operation, disassembling the chamber, and cleaning the chamber parts in a wet chemical bath. This wet chemical cleaning unfortunately creates considerable chamber downtime during the wet cleaning procedure.
In the past, H2 plasma etching of AlF3 films on wafers has been demonstrated by S. G. Pearton, et al, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Aoc., Volume 282 (1993), p. 131. Pearton et al used H2 plasma to remove AlF3 etch-stop layers in GaAs-based wafer processing.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,882,489 disclose processes for cleaning and stripping photoresist from surfaces of semiconductor wafers. The process entails ashing the organic resist from a device, rinsing the device in water, and sputtering the rinsed device to remove residual contaminants. The stripping step is a dry etching process such as a microwave downstream process, a RIE process, or sequential or simultaneous microwave downstream and RIE process, wherein the rinsing step is performed with deionized (DI) water, and the sputtering step is performed with argon. The process is especially useful for etching via holes when the holes penetrate a conductive layer and create insoluble, inorganic contaminants such as AlF3.
A method for etch rate enhancement by background oxygen control in a soft etch system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,143,144. This sputter etch cleaning process to remove or sputter off particles from the substrate surface within the processing chamber is accomplished by:
positioning a first substrate to be processed within a processing chamber, the first substrate including a material layer containing oxygen;
introducing a process gas into the chamber;
inductively coupling electrical energy to the process gas in the chamber to form an ionized gas plasma in the chamber;
positioning a second material substrate proximate the first substrate in the processing chamber;
biasing the first and second substrates with RF electrical energy so that the plasma etches the first substrate material layer and the second substrate, the material etched from the first substrate material layer producing activated oxygen in the gas plasma;
the second substrate being formed of a material which reacts with activated oxygen to form a stable oxygen-containing compound such that material etched from the second substrate reduces activated oxygen in the gas plasma;
whereby residual oxygen in the processing chamber is reduced to maintain an etch rate for subsequent sputter etching processes.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,017,403 disclose the use of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) to form dielectric films. The process entails:
A low pressure and low power Cl2/HCl process for sub-micron metal etching is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,976,986. The method entails:
placing aluminum metallization coated on at least one surface with a barrier layer in an etch chamber;
creating a transformer coupled plasma from Cl2, HCl, and an inert gas within the etch chamber, without a magnetic field, using separately powered electrodes positioned above and below aluminum metallizations wherein each of the electrodes are powered by less than 350 Watts, and wherein the pressure in the etch chamber is less than 15 milliTorr;
etching the aluminum metallizations with ions and radicals formed in the plasma; and adjusting a concentration of the Cl2 in the plasma during the creating and etching steps between a first higher concentration during etching of the aluminum metallization and a second lower concentration during etching of the barrier layer.
The addition of hydrogen to plasma is used to reduce corrosion during the etching of aluminum layers.
In the art of PECVD processing where fluorinated plasma discharges are utilized, there is a need to remove unwanted residues from PECVD chamber hardware without wet cleaning the chamber (i.e., disassembling the chamber and cleaning the chamber parts in a wet chemical bath), which results in considerable chamber downtime.
One object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for removing PECVD chamber residues resulting from fluorinated plasma cleaning during a process for forming semiconductors or integrated circuits.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for removing PECVD chamber residues of AlF3 or derivatives thereof that alter plasma chemistry and adversely impacts film deposition properties.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a method for removing PECVD chamber residues resulting from fluorinated plasma cleaning; namely, AlF3 or its derivatives, by utilizing in-situ H2 plasma or mixtures containing H2, and thereby avoiding wet chemical cleaning which requires disassembling the chamber, cleaning the chamber parts in wet chemical baths, and incurring considerable chamber downtime during the wet chemical cleaning procedure.
A further object yet still of the present invention is to provide a method for removing PECVD chamber residues resulting from fluorinated plasma cleaning by using in-situ H2 plasma to restore chamber performance without opening the chamber, and thereby increasing tool availability and freeing maintenance resources.
In general, the invention process of using H2 plasma to etch AlF3 accumulated in the reaction chamber and to improve control over film properties is accomplished after a fluorinated plasma clean by:
subjecting the reaction chamber to a mixture of He/H2 at a flow rate of 1,000/200 sccm (standard cubic centimeters per minute), at about 750 W rf, at about 0.8 Torr for about 5 seconds to strike the plasma, and then cleaning the chamber by subjecting it to H2 at about 500 sccm for 5–60 seconds, at about 500 W rf, at about 0.5 Torr.
In PECVD processing, a fluorine containing discharge (here as a mixture of CF4+N2O) is introduced periodically into the chamber to remove excess deposition material (e.g., SiO2 or Si3N4) in order to maintain consistent film properties from wafer to wafer. The fluorinated discharge leaves a light residue in the chamber that accumulates over successive treatments. The build-up in the chamber was identified as AlFx by EDX (energy dispersive x-ray analysis).
Accumulation of fluorine discharge residue gradually affects film deposition properties. An example of said drifting film properties in a PECVD chamber is shown in the graph of FIG. 1 which shows SiON film thickness uniformity (U %) versus the number of wafers processed. In general, all film properties including film thickness, thickness U %, n, k, and stress are subject to gradual drift depending on the sensitivity of the particular process and process parameter. Wet cleans (denoted WC in
The build-up of AlF3 on the powered electrode (typically the showerhead in commercial reactors) may be seen in the parallel plate plasma reactor diagram of
In practice the fluorinated discharge that produces the AlF3 residue may not be perfectly uniform. An uneven distribution of AlF3 (or other derivatives from fluorinated plasma cleaning) on the showerhead causes an uneven transfer of power into the plasma, thereby leading to uneven plasma density across the chamber. Since plasma density plays a prominent role in the reaction chemistry, varying the plasma density locally can yield locally different film properties, as may be seen from
This phenomenon is the same for oxide and nitride films, but to a slightly lesser degree.
Wet cleaning PECVD chambers is typically performed to remove AlF3 residue and restore (i.e., control) film properties. Wet cleans temporarily remove a chamber from operation and require maintenance resources for disassembling the chamber, initiating the wet chemical clean, and eventually reassembling the chamber. In large scale semiconductor manufacturing where a large number of PECVD chambers are employed, frequent chamber wet cleans can easily impact overall manufacturing productivity by reducing chamber availability and consuming maintenance resources. The invention process uses in-situ H2 plasma to reduce or remove fluorinated discharge residues, namely AlF3, in a less invasive manner. In essence, the invention process of removing this build-up from fluorinated plasma cleaning by using in-situ H2 plasma eliminates or reduces the need for wet chemical cleaning, thereby improving chamber availability and freeing maintenance resources. The improvement realized by employing in-situ H2 plasma is illustrated in
While the preferred embodiment of the invention applies the H2 plasma cleaning in-situ, it should be noted that an ex-situ process would also suffice.
Hydrogen atoms generated in H2 plasma are responsible for removal of AlF3 by reduction reaction. Consequently, it is desirable to maximize the H-atom concentration (denoted [H]) for efficient removal of AlF3 residues. From
By use of H2 plasma to etch AlF3 on the faceplate of the chamber, improved control over film properties was obtained. This in-situ procedure effectively eliminates the need for wet cleans and increases tool availability. Restoration of chamber performance by removing AlF3 removes AlF3 growth on the chamber wall that alters PECVD chamber performance, and the invention process for removing the AlF3 is superior to removal by wet chemical or mechanical means, as these means require considerable chamber downtime. Further, the in-situ H2 plasma removes AlF3 without opening the chamber, thereby increasing tool availability and freeing maintenance resources.
While the invention has been described in terms of its preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced with modifications within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.