In this paper, an optimal control problem was taken up for a stationary equation of quasi optic. For the stationary equation of quasi optic, at first judgment relating to the existence and uniqueness of a boundary value problem was given. By using this judgment, the existence and uniqueness of the optimal control problem solutions were proved. Then we state a necessary condition to an optimal solution. We proved differentiability of a functional and obtained a formula for its gradient. By using this formula, the necessary condition for solvability of the problem is stated as the variational principle.
Keywords:stationary equation of quasi optic; boundary value problem; optimal control problem; variational problem
Optimal control theory for the quantum mechanic systems described with the Schrödinger equation is one of the important areas of modern optimal control theory. Actually, a stationary quasi-optics equation is a form of the Schrödinger equation with complex potential. Such problems were investigated in [1-5]. Optimal control problem for nonstationary Schrödinger equation of quasi optics was investigated for the first time in .
2 Formulation of the problem
We are interested in finding the problem of the minimum of the functional
in the set
under the condition
respectively, and . is a Hilbert space that consists of all functions in , which are measurable and square-integrable. is the well-known Lebesgue space consisting of all functions in Ω, which are measurable and square-integrable.
3 Existence and uniqueness of a solution of the optimal control problem
In this section, we prove the optimal control problem using the Galerkin method and the existence and uniqueness of a solution of the problem (1)-(4).
Proof Proof can be done by processes similar to those given in . □
Proof Firstly, let us show that
is continuous on the set V. Let us take an arbitrary ∈V, and let be an increment of the v for the . Then the solution of the problem (1)-(4) will have an increment . Here, the function is the solution of (2)-(4). On the basis of the assumptions and conditions (2)-(4), it can be shown that the function is a solution of the following boundary value problem:
Because the problem (10)-(12) and the problem (2)-(4) are the same type problems, we can write the following estimate the same as (8):
If we use estimate (13) then we can write the following estimate:
Using the Cauchy-Bunyakowski inequality and estimates (8) and (14), we write the inequality as
where is a constant that does not depend on Δv. This inequality shows that the functional is continuous on the set V. On the other hand, for ; therefore, is bounded on V. The set V is closed, bounded on a Hilbert space H. According to Theorem (Goebel) in , there is such a set G dense in H that optimalcontrol problem (1)-(4) has a unique solution for and . Theorem 2 is proven. □
3.1 Fréchet diffrentiability of the functional
In this section, we prove the Fréchet differentiability of a given functional. For this purpose, we consider the following adjoint boundary value problem:
If we write the complex conjugate of this boundary value problem, we obtain the following boundary value problem:
This problem is a type of (2)-(4) boundary value problem. As the right-hand side is equal to zero, and initial function belongs to the space for , . By using Theorem 2, it follows that the solution of the bounded value problem (24)-(26) existing in the space is unique, and the following estimate is obtained:
If we use the problem (24)-(26) as a type of the conjugate problem (17)-(19), we obtain the initial bounded value problem (17)-(19) has a unique solution belonging to the space , and the following estimate is obtained:
The last formula can be written as follows:
Applying the Cauchy-Bunyakowski inequality, we obtain:
If we use estimates (13) and (28) in this inequality, we obtain
By using equality (33), the increment of the functional can be written as
Considering this equality (34), and by using the definition of Fréchet differentiable, we can easily obtain the validity of the rule. Theorem 3 is proved. □
3.2 A necessary condition for an optimal solution
In this section, we prove the continuity of a gradient and state a necessary condition to an optimal solution in the variational inequality form using the gradient.
This bounded value problem is a type of a conjugate problem. For this solution, the following estimate is valid:
Using (13) and (28), we write
If we use estimate (8), we can write the following inequality:
Using this inequality and estimates (13), (28), and (45), we obtain
If we use inequalities (48) and (49), we see that the correlations limit (36) and (37) is valid.
If this inequality is used in (49), we easily can write
Similarly, if we use (39), we obtain
We can see that (38) and (39) are valid by inequalities (51) and (52). That is, . On the other hand, V is a convex set according to the definition. So, the functional holds by the condition of Theorem (Goebel) in  at V. Therefore, considering Theorem 3, we obtain
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
YK carried out the optimal control problem studies, participated in the sequence alignment and drafted the manuscript. EÇ conceived of the study and, participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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