US 2057421 A
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Filed July 22, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 www Oct. 13, 1936. G. F. DlcKsoN ELECTRIC COOKER Filed July 22, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 www @@@eWf/W:
@f7/737@ gaby/fak? y Patented ,I Oct. 13, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT GFFICE ELECTRIC 000m George F. Dickson. Chicago, lll.
Application July zz, 1935, Serial No. 32.529
6 Claims. (CL .S19-,34)
This invention relates to an electric cooker.
The invention has particularly to do with a device in which foods are cooked by direct and reflected radiant heat, and which provides means for broiling, barbecuing, baking, boiling and performing other cooking operations. In addition to radiant heat, air spacing is provided for whereby heat by conductivity or convection may be avoided.
The objects of the invention include, among others, the provision of the following:
An improved electrical cooker;
A unique cooker utilizing radiant heat;
A cooking device using radiant heat and having means for increasing and decreasing the air space between the heating element and the items heated thereby;
An improved unitary device for performing a number of cooking operations;
A cooking device employing both direct radiant and reflected radiant heat and permitting of predetermined air spacing between the item being cooked and the heat radiating element with its reflector;
An electrical cooker employing direct and reflected radiant heat and also conducted heat.
These objects, and other objects which will hereinafter appear, are obtained by the novel combination, arrangement and construction of elements hereinafter described and claimed. One embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying two sheets of drawings, hereby made a part of the application, and in which:
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a device embodying the invention in one form and showing an attachment thereon; and
Figure 2 is a fragmentary vertical cross section taken near the center of the device in a plane parallel to the plane of Figure 1, and showing another attachment on the device.
Like reference characters are used to designate similar parts in the drawings and in the following description.
The device shown in-ligure 1 has a stand II mounted on a base Il which extends beyond the main part of the device to provide a shelf. Stand II is enclosed on all sides. At one side, stand II has a vertical standard I2. Arising from standard I2 is a post I3, telescoping into standard I2. An arm Il is pivoted to the top of post I3 and has at its end a socket enclosing casing l5 and a reflector I6 for a heat radiating element.
A handle I1 is provided to allow ready movement of post I3. At the front of stand II are two rheostats I8 and I3 which control the heating elements. Below rheostat I8 is a pilot light 2li which is energized when rheostat I8 is closed.
The reflector I6 is shaped to rellect heat rays from a selected point in front of the reflector substantially all in the same direction and upon 5 an object in front of the reflector. 'I'he main part of the reflector surface, the upper part as it is shown in Figure 1, is curved to a substantially parabolic shape and is brightly polished to a highly reflecting surface. The portions near the 10 edge need not be of the same curvature but should be shaped to help concentrate the heat rays. Such portions may also be polished but in the device shown are of a bright satin finish. The reflecting surface of the reiiector is indicated in 15 dotted lines in Figure 1.
A heating element 2l is inserted in the socket in casing I5 and extends from the socket into the reilector I6 to the point from which heat rays will best be concentrated by the reflector. 20 Heating element 2i may comprise a coil of electric resistance wire on a porcelain standard. The standard is in the shape of a truncated cone with an extension at the small end to carry the plug to be screwed into the socket in the casing I5. 25 The large end of the cone is open and faces downward, the smaller end with the plug being upward. Other radiating heating elements may be substituted for that described. Such heating elements can readily be purchased in the open 30 market. A good quality of heating element should be used to insure best performance of the device.
At the top of reflector I6 are a plurality of apertures 22 which allow a current of air to 35.
move past the heating element and away therefrom through the wall of the reflector material. Below the reector I6 as it is'shown in Figure 1 is a pan 23 of bright metal such as aluminum or stainless steel. The bottom area of pan 23 is 40 about the same as thearea of the open face of reflector I6. The sides of pan 23 flare outward at such angle that heat rays diverging from the heating element 2i and the reflector Ii will be reiiected in toward the bottom of pan 23 and 45 upon objects in the pan. The pan may be provided with a reenforcing rim.
In Figure 1 imaginary lines indicate the paths of the direct and reflected heat rays. Some of the rays (A) pass directly from the element to 50 an object in the pan. Other rays (B) are reilected by the reilector on to the object in the pan. Still others (C) pass from the heating element to the reflector, thence to the side of the pan, and from the side of the pan are reilected 55 Y inwardly upon the object in the pan. Some of the latter rays will heat the bottom of the object if it is raised from the bottom of the pan.
Other heat rays (D) may strike the bottom of the pan. be reflected back to the reector. and thence down again on to the object.
The proper spacing of the heating element 2| and reilector I8 above the pan 22 is important if best results are to be secured. Likewise the proper proportioning and the proper degree of 4flare for the sides of the pan is important.
In the device illustrated. the pan stands three and three-eighths inches high. The inside diameter of the bottom is seven and five-sights inches. The diameter of the mouth of the pan is eight and seven-eighths inches. The sides of the pan thus flare five-eights of an inch. The heating element 2l in the reflector I8 is sdjustably spaced from eleven and one-half to twelve and one-half inches above the bottom of the pan. The spacing is varied by telescoping the post I2 into or out of standard I2. It has been found that the one inch variation from eleven and one-half to twelve and one-half inches permits al1 necessary variations in the degree of heat produced. The closer the element is to the pan and the object in the pan the higher the temperature of the object will be.
As shown in Figure 2, at the center of the top of the stand I I is a heating unit 24. Heating unit 24 comprises a coil or plurality of coils of electric resistance wire usually similar to that in the heating element 2| and wound in pancake form on a porcelain or other suitable heat proof refractory base. Over the top of the heating unit 24 is a sheet of mica 28. About the heating unit 24 and the mica sheet 28 is a casing 28, preferably of some metal which is a good conductor of heat and which does not melt at cooking temperatures. Swiss iron is found to be a satisfactory material for casing 28.
'Ihe top face of casing 28 forms the central part of the top of stand II. Within stand I I casing 28 is set in a heat insulating mixture of mica dust and asbestos wool. The insulating mixture is indicated at 21. About the insulating mixture 21 except adjacent casing 28 is a layer of asbestos 28. Below the asbestos is a metal partition 29 forming a part of the stand II.
The heating unit 24 and the casing 28 are apertured in the center thereof. 'I'hrough the aperture extends a bushing 28. 'I'he aperture of bushing 28 provides a bearing for a vertical shaft 2|.
At the back of stand II is mounted a constant speed electric motor 22. 'I'he shaft of motor 22 carries a worm gear which drives a wheel, both enclosed in a casing 22 and not shown. The motor, worm, wheel and casing are of standard construction and form no part of this invention.
Afllxed to a shaft 24 and driving a gear wheel 28 is a second worm gear (not shown). A collar 44 on wheel 28 is Journaled in an aperture in a bracket 42 amxed to the base I8. A square aperture is provided at the center of wheel 28. The lower end 28 of shaft 2| is squared to slide nonrotatively within the aperture of wheel 28. Below the squared portion of shaft 2|, shaft 2| has a reduced section 21 which rests in a cap 28. Cap 28 is pivoted to the inner end of an arm 29. A bracket 48 provides a fulcrum for arm 29 near its center. The outer end of arm 29 extends through a slot 4| in the side of stand II and terminates In a knob 42.
When knob 42 is depressed, cap 28 is raised lifting shaft 2l to a position such that the top `to receive the squared top end of shaft 2|.
When shaft 2| is raised by depressing knob 42 the squared top end of shaft 2| becomes seated in socket 4 8. As the motor -22 turns, the' wheel 28 is turned and with it turn the shaft 2l and pan 2,2. The rotation of pan 22 may be stopped while the motor continues to operate by raising knob 42 to lower shaft 2|. A catch (not shown) may be provided to hold arm 29 in one or the-other extreme position.
Journaled within suitable lugs 41 within casing II is a transverse shaft 48. Lugs 41 and shaft 48 are in the same vertical plane as shaft 2|. A gear wheel 49 is affixed to the end of shaft 48 adjacent shaft 2|. A second gear wheel 88 is mounted about the squared portion 28 of shaft 2| immediately above wheel 28. Gear 88 meshes with gear .49. As the wheel 28 is turned, gear 88 turns and drives gear 49 and shaft 48. A third gear wheel 8| is affixed to the outer end of shaft 48. Meshing with gear 8| is a fourth gear 82, aiiixed to the bottom end of a vertical shaft 82. Shaft 82 is Journaled in lugs 84 within pillar I2. A fifth gear 88 is affixed to the top end of shaft 82 and meshes with a sixth gear 88. Gear 88 is mounted upon or is integral with a short shaft 81 which is journalled in the side walls of the vertical standard I2. Shaft 81 is provided with a square center aperture adapted to receive and drive shafts of attachments exterior to pillar I2. Shaft 81 comprises a low speed attachment drive, turning approximately four revolutions a minute.
Shaft 24, previously mentioned, extends into standard I2 and operates an attachment drive, not shown, but identical with that just described except that it turns at a higher rate of speed and is located at the far side oi' pillar I2 as shown in the drawings.
Post I2 extends into standard I2 between the fast and slow drives and is vertically slidable and rotatable within pillar I2 to provide for adjustment of the heating element 2| `ancl reflector I8. A wire 88 to conduct electrical energy to the heating element 2| extends up through post I3.
Shaft 81, comprising the slow drive, is used to turn slowly moving appliances such as a square metal barbecue skewer 89. One end of the skewer is pointed at 88 and the shank of the pointed end is shaped to fit into the square socket in shaft 81. Away from the point 88 the shank of the skewer is enlarged and is squared to hold nonrotatively two or more holding points 8| set in collars 82 which may be adjusted along the skewer and set in selected positions thereon by means of thumb screws 62. A handle 84 is provided at the end of the skewer away from point 88.
The skewer 88 is used in conjunction with the pan 22. The pointed end 88 passes through a hole 88 near the top of the side of the pan. Near the handle end the shank of the skewer rests in a slot 88 in the side of the pan opposite hole 88. A collar 81 on the shank of the skewer provides a bearing in the slot 88. When using the barbecuing skewer a chicken or other piece of meat is placed on the skewer, usually by sticking the skewer through the meat, and the holding points 8| are forced into the meat to hold it in place. The pan 22 is placed in position at the center of the device and the. pointed end 60 of the skewer run through hole 65 in the pan and into the socket in shaft 51, collar 61 dropping into the slot 66 in the opposite side of the pan. Heating element 2| is then turned on by the use of the rheostat I9. The motor is started by the us of a switch 66. The skewer and the meat thereon are turned four revolutions a minute..r The heat rays from the heating element 2| in reflector I6 hit the meat directly and by reflections from the sides and bottom of pan 23. After a period of time depending on the nature and size of the piece of meat on the skewer the meat is cooked through and is removed from the skewer. The Juices from the meat drip down into the pan 23 where they may be made into a gravy or otherwise used. l
The fast drive` is used to operate rapidly turning attachments such as an egg beater 69 or grinder 10. The operating shaft 1I of the egg beater, or 12 of the grinder, is inserted in the socket in the shaft of the fast drive. At the same time a holding pin 13 of the egg beater, or 14 of the grinder, is inserted into a socket near the top of standard I2. When the motor is turned on by the use of switch 66 the egg beater 66 or grinder 10 or any other similar attachment is operated at the desired speed.
In a Way similar to that just described a slow moving attachment such as a dough kneader can be used with the slow drive.
When it is desired to evaporate a liquid or to cook a food in a liquid, the liquid and the food are placed on the device in pan 23. The heating unit 24 is turned on by rheostat I6. Pilot 20 shows when heating unit 24 is turned on. After the liquid or liquid and food in the pan 23 begins to simmer the heating element 2| in reflector I6 is positioned over the pan and turned onby the use of switch I9. Heating unit 24 may be turned off. The heat insulation around and under the unit 24 retains the heat therein that was stored up during the operation of the unit, and that heat aids in the cooking even after unit 24 is turned off. The heat o f unit 24 and element 2| rapidly evaporates the liquid in the pan 23 and cooks the food therein. The evaporation of liquid therein takes place more from the surface than in the form of steam bubbles arising from the bottom of pan 23. Agitation of the liquid during rotation frees the vapors rapidly thus speeding vaporization. Such odors as arise from the pan are drawn upward with the heated air into the reflector I6, past heating element 2| and out through holes 22 above the heating element. In passing heating element 2l, the air and vapors are raised to a high temperature so that many of the odiferous substances in the vapors are oxidized into odorless gases. The odors actually resulting from cooking in the present device are thus much less intense than those arising from another form of cooker.
When baking "is to be done the prepared dough is placed in the bottom of pan 23. Heating unit 24 is turned on to brown the bottom of the dough. At the same time heating element 2| is turned on and the direct and reflected radiated heat bakes the dough. The motor 32 is turned on and shaft 3| raised by depressing knob 42, so that the pan is slowly rotated. The rotation promotes even baking. Heating unit 24 may be turned off as soon as the bottom of the dough is brown. The heat from element 2| completes the baking operation. The radiant heat from element 2| penetrates through to the inside of the dough causing a marked increase in the rising properties of the dough when compared to another cooking process. f
Eggs may be baked in the present device without the use of water. First one end of the egg is held against-a small stone burr 15 at the end of the shaft of the grinder 10, cutting a small hole in the end of the egg shell. placed, hole upright, on a rack 16 set in the top of pan 23. The egg 11 and the rack 16 are indicated in dotted lines in Figure 1. As the egg bakes, the moisture in it is evaporated and passes out through the hole at the top of the egg. Without the hole the egg would burst. For baking eggs only radiant heat from element 2| is used. The pan 23 may be rotated.
Meats such as steak and the like may be broiled by placing them on a rack 18 in the bottom of pan 23 and using heat from the element 2| while rotating -pan 23. 'I'he juices drip down into the bottom of the pan 23. Basting is not necessary. Unit 24 need be used only in making gravy from the juices.
Substantially any other food such as beans, potatoes and the like may be cooked in the pan 23. In general, unit 24 is used only during the first heating of the food. The continued cooking is carried on by the radiated heat from element 2|. Toast may be made by using the radiated heat from element 2|. Waiiies and the like may be made in a wafe iron placed directly on unit 24.
Nuts may be roasted or corn popped in pan 23. For roasting nuts, a stirring rod is inserted into the socket shown Occupied by holding post 14. The rod extends down into the pan and along its bottom. Element 2| is turned onland pan 23 is caused to rotate. Butter and salt where required are placed in the bottom of the pan. As the pan turns the stirring rod agitates and mixes the nuts and butter and salt. Heat from element 2| roasts the nuts. Coffee may be roasted in the same way, but without using butter and salt.
In the present device, the unit 24 produces a temperature of about four hundred degrees Fahrenheit at the bottom of pan 23. The radiated heat from element 2| and reflector I6 pro-- duces a temperature of over four hundred degrees in an object in the pan and having a surface reasonably well adapted to receive radiated heat. The use of both element 2| and unit 24 will heat an bject in the pan to about six hundred degrees. Where desired, variation in the amount of heat from either or both the unit 24 and element 2| may be provided by using different settings of rheostats I8 and I9. Variation of heatl from element 2| is also obtained by varying the distance of element 2| and reflector .I6 above the object to be cooked.
'I'he total current used by the present device is about one thousand eight hundred fifty watts, when both heating element and unit and the motor are on. The heating element 2| and unit 24 each consume from six hundred to one thousand Watts. The motor 32 uses only a very small amount. To protect the Wiring supplying the electric energy a fuse socket 19 to receive an ordinary fuse plug may be made a part of the device.
It is obvious that the present device may be made in a plurality of forms, such as one having two or more heating units 24, or one built into a portable table, the lower part of which contains storage shelves or the like.
The egg is then' What is claimed as new and is desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. A cooker comprising a heat radiating element. a concentrating reilector thereabout, a bright metal pan beneath said element and having slightly ared sides, a heating unit beneath said pan, and means comprising a rotating part extending centrally of the heating unit to rotate said pan.
2. A cooker comprising a heat radiating element, a concentrating reiiector thereabout, a heating unit beneath and opposed to said element, said unit having an aperture therethrough, a prime mover beneath said heating unit and having a rotary coupling protrusible through such aperture to above said unit, and a pan having sides adapted to reflect heat from said element inwardly of the pan and having a socket below the center of its bottom to receive said protrusible rotary coupling for rotation thereby.
3. A cooker comprising a stand having a pillar, a heat radiating element having a concentrating reflector thereabout mounted on said pillar and directed downwardly toward said stand, a heating unit having an aperture therethrough on said stand beneath and facing said heating element, a prime mover within said stand, a rotary coupling operated by said prime mover and protrusible through said aperture to above said heating unit, means for protruding and withdrawing said rotary coupling, a pan having sides adapted to reiiect heat from said element inwardly o! the pan and having a socket below the center of its bottom to receive said protrusible rotary coupling tor rotation thereby, a rotary instrumentality operating socket on said pillar, and a second rotary coupling between said prime mover and said operating socket.
4. An egg preparing device comprising means for drilling a hole in an egg, a rack for said egg after drilled, a heat radiating element having a concentrating reflector thereabout above said rack, and a reflecting pan supporting said rack.
5. A cooker comprising a heat radiating element, a housing about said element comprising a concentrating reflector, and a constricted portion above said reflector and having apertures therethrough, and a receptacle i'or material to be cooked beneath said reilector, said radiating element being adapted to heat air, causing the air to pass upward in said reector and out of the apertures in the constricted potion, vapors arising from material being cooked in said receptacle being drawn upward by such draft of air past the radiating element, and the heat from said element causing the vapors largely to lose their odiferous qualities.
6. A cooker comprising a heat radiating element, a concentrating reflector thereabout, a bright metal pan beneath said element and having slightly flared sides, a heating unit beneath said pan, said unit comprising an electric resistance mounted on a refractory base, and means to rotate the pan.
GEORGE F. DICKSON.