We have to assume alcohol or aldehyde as our unknown compound. First of all take benzaldehyde.
The balanced equations are as follows:
Preparation of derivative of aldehyde: 2, 4-Dinitrophenylhydrazones
Then, consider phenol as unknown compound
Preparation of derivative of phenol: 3, 5-dinitrobenzoate of phenol
Consider the following reaction:
In both the case, 1 mol of reactant reacts to form 1 mol of product.
The balanced reaction for the classification test in which we get positive result is as follows:
As we know that the chromic acid test is given by primary alcohol, secondary alcohol and aldehyde. The reaction of chromic acid test with primary alcohol is as follows:
The reaction of chromic acid test with secondary alcohol is as follows:
The reaction of chromic acid test with aldehyde is as follows:
Conclusion: The unknown liquid gives blue green suspension within 2-3 seconds specifies that the liquid must be primary or secondary alcohol.
This test is given by Aldehydes and ketones and this test involves appearance of silver mirror inside the test tube.
The reaction of Tollens’ test is as follows:
Aldehydes and ketones react with DNPH reagent to give yellow or orange precipitates as follows:
The solubility test:
Benzaldehyde insoluble in HCl, NaOH but soluble in and reaction is shown as follows:
The reaction with chromic acid oxidizes benzaldehyde to benzoic acid and chromic acid forms chromium salt that is blue-green in color.
The reaction is as follows:
Phenol is insoluble in HCl, but soluble in and reaction is shown as follows:
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