The proper use of the colon and semicolon as punctuation in written works.
COLON: The colon is used:
a)To introduce a list. Example:
You will have to order several accessory components: chargers, cases, cords, cables, and speakers.
b)To introduce an extract or quotation that follows an introductory sentence. Example:
As Author, Erica Jong, stated:“If you don’t risk anything, you risk even more.”
c)In the salutation of a formal business letter. Example:
Dear Sir:Dear Madam:
d)Between figures denoting hours and minutes, with exception to the 24-hour clock system. Examples:
4:30 A.M.6:20 p.m.1820 hrs.
e)To precede an extended explanation. Example:
There are two conditions that must exist before we can experience true freedom: first, each person must be entitled to act independently of the other; second, each must agree not cross those parameters that have been set in place as protection from harm.
f)To precede a restatement of an idea. Example:
The play was poorly performed: it lacked both experience and characterization from the actors.
SEMICOLON: While the comma is frequently used, the following are the general accepted rules for the use of the semicolon.
a)To separate two independent thoughts in a sentence that otherwise would have been separated by using a conjunction such as and or but. Example:
It was the first of April; all the spring lines were on display. * A comma separating these thoughts would not provide a distinct enough pause.
b)To precede the words “for example,” “for instance,” “as in,” etc. in sentences. Example:
The course will include role-playing which demonstrates the practical application for anger management skills learned; for example, a boss employee conflict, a spousal argument, and a situation of a misbehaved child with a parent.
c)To separate items in a long list, especially when commas have already been used. Example:
Please place the following orders with the restaurant for our breakfast meeting: two boiled eggs, sausages, toast and coffee; eggs benedict with a side order of hash browns, tea and orange juice; and two pancakes with one egg cooked over easy and coffee.
* First, a colon is used to indicate "the following orders," then the semicolons are used within the list itself.