Impacts of the world recession and economic crisis on tourism: North America
As the world financial crisis that began in 2007 stretches into 2012, its effects are being felt everywhere: confidence in banks has slipped, more families have no liquid assets and international migration is down. Not surprisingly, tourism has been affected as well, with a range of impacts domestically and internationally.
A 2010 report in the The Journal of Travel Research, “Impacts of the World Recession and Economic Crisis on Tourism: North America,” looks at how the financial crisis affected travel in Canada, the United States and Mexico. The researchers, at the University of Calgary, George Washington University, and the Universidad de Colima, based their report on multiple data sets on tourism from 2004 to 2009.
In the United States:
- Tourism within and to the United States fell steadily in the year and a half following the 9/11 attacks. “Over the six quarters from peak to the fourth quarter trough, real travel demand fell by 9.5%. In contrast, the nation’s real GDP rose by 1% during this period.” From this low point, demand grew at a rate of 3.7% per year until reaching a new peak in the third quarter of 2007. At the same time, real GDP lagged, growing just 2.7% a year.
- The current economic downturn began in December 2007; by early 2009, the GDP of the United States fell by nearly 4%, the severest decline since the World War II.
- By the first quarter of 2009, real travel demand had fallen 6% over six quarters. “This drop so far has been considerably milder than what had occurred after the 9/11 attacks. But the decline has been at twice the rate as real GDP has fallen.”
- Tourism employment peaked at nearly 6 million jobs in the first quarter of 2008. From then through the first quarter of 2009, more than 250,000 jobs were lost in the sector.
- Despite continuing mild inflation, “travel prices have fallen twice as fast in the current recession as they did after the 9/11 attacks.”
- Despite natural disasters and ongoing issues with domestic security, from 2005 until the first half of 2008, international arrivals in Mexico grew at almost 6% annually. However, there was significant variation along the way, including drops of 5.35% in 2006 and 3.9% in 2007. “The data [confirm] that there are other factors that have a greater impact on Mexico’s tourism industry than the collapse of the financial markets and the level of economic activity.”
- The exchange rate between the Mexican peso and other currencies has a major influence on the inflow of international visitors. “Ironically, when the Mexican economy falters and the peso is devalued, the tourism sector benefits as Mexico’s tourist services are more affordable in the eyes of foreign visitors.”
- From 2007 to 2008, Canadian spending in the United States decreased by 15% and U.S. spending in Canada fell by 6%.
- In May 2009, international travelers made 1.4 million overnight trips to Canada, a 7% decline from the previous year.
The researchers conclude that the impact of the recession on tourism “has been rather uneven … and other past events have had an even more significant impact, except for Canada.”
Tags: tourism, financial crisis
Read the issue-related New York Times article titled "Tourism Up, Mexico Aims for Non-U.S. Visitors."
- What key insights from the journal article should reporters be aware of as they cover these issues?
Read the study titled “Impacts of the World Recession and Economic Crisis on Tourism: North America.”
- What are the study's key technical term(s)? Which ones need to be put into language a lay audience can understand?
- Do the study’s authors put the research into context and show how they are advancing the state of knowledge about the subject? If so, what did the previous research indicate?
- What is the study’s research method? If there are statistical results, how did the scholars arrive at them?
- Evaluate the study's limitations. (For example, are there weaknesses in the study's data or research design?)
- How could the findings be misreported or misinterpreted by a reporter? In other words, what are the difficulties in conveying the data accurately? Give an example of a faulty headline or story lead.
Newswriting and digital reporting assignments
- Write a lead, headline or nut graph based on the study.
- Spend 60 minutes exploring the issue by accessing sources of information other than the study. Write a lead (or headline or nut graph) based on the study but informed by the new information. Does the new information significantly change what one would write based on the study alone?
- Compose two Twitter messages of 140 characters or fewer accurately conveying the study’s findings to a general audience. Make sure to use appropriate hashtags.
- Choose several key quotations from the study and show how they would be set up and used in a brief blog post.
- Map out the structure for a 60-second video segment about the study. What combination of study findings and visual aids could be used?
- Find pictures and graphics that might run with a story about the study. If appropriate, also find two related videos to embed in an online posting. Be sure to evaluate the credibility and appropriateness of any materials you would aggregate and repurpose.
Class discussion questions
- What is the study’s most important finding?
- Would members of the public intuitively understand the study’s findings? If not, what would be the most effective way to relate them?
- What kinds of knowledgeable sources you would interview to report the study in context?
- How could the study be “localized” and shown to have community implications?
- How might the study be explained through the stories of representative individuals? What kinds of people might a reporter feature to make such a story about the study come alive?
- What sorts of stories might be generated out of secondary information or ideas discussed in the study?