3) A group of languages that share a common origin but have since evolved into individual languages is a
6) When languages are depicted as leaves on trees, the roots of the trees below the surface represent
possible prehistoric superfamilies.
7) When languages are depicted as leaves on trees, the trunks of the trees represent
9) Both the Angles and the Normans contributed to the development of the English language, because they
10) English is the most important language in North America primarily because of
the diffusion of English colonies.
11) The first speakers of the language that evolved into English were tribes that lived in present-day
16) The Icelandic language has changed less than any other Germanic language because of
Iceland's relative isolation from other places
17) When people who speak a given language migrate to a different location and become isolated from other members of their tribe
isolation usually results in the differentiation of one language into two.
19) The language spoken by soldiers stationed throughout the Roman Empire was known as
30) Celtic languages
-were threatened by extinction in England.
-are still spoken by people in France.
-have been revived in some parts of the British Isles.
-have an extensive body of literature.
(all of the above)
31) Marija Gimbutas' theory points to the first speakers of the Indo-European language as the ancient
32) The Kurgans
were horse and cattle herders from the grassland steppes of present day Russia and Kazakhstan.
34) According to Colin Rehfrew's Anatolian hearth theory, Indo-European languages diffused across Europe
with the diffusion of agriculture.
36) The language family encompassing the languages of the People's Republic of China is
40) An Indo-European language is spoken in which of these European countries?
(all of the above)
42) The large number of individual languages documented in Africa has resulted primarily from
thousands of years of isolation between tribal groups.
44) African languages are distinguished by the fact that
linguists continue to add newly discovered languages to the African list.
45) A lingua franca is
a language that is mutually understood by people who have different native languages
46) Dialects developed within England primarily because
different Germanic invaders settled in different regions.
63) Regional dialects in England can be traced back to the settlement patterns of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.
64) Americans spell words differently than the British primarily because of a strong national feeling in the United States for an independent identity
65) New Englanders use a different dialect of English than other Americans because they came from different regions of England.
66) What geographic factor accounts for the fact that both Americans and the British speak English?
Colonies migrated from England
67) What geographic factor accounts for the fact that both Americans and the British use different dialects of English?
Isolation between U.S & Britain.
68) In what country do the Flemings and Walloons live?
What is the official language in the northern half of that country?
What is the official language in the southern half of that country?
69) What is the most important language FAMILY in South America?
What is the most important language BRANCH of that family in South America?
What are the two most important INDIVIDUAL languages in South America?
Indo-European, Romance, Portugeuse, Spanish
70) Name the world's largest language family (used by half of the world's population).
71) Name the world's second largest language family (used by nearly one-fourth of the world's population).
72) Name the most important language branch in each region of Europe.
73) What is the significance of the Kurgans for the study of the geography of languages?
They were the 1st Indo-European speakers.
74) In what three ways does the English used in the United States differ from the English used in the United Kingdom?
Spelling, pronunciation, and vocabulary
75) What is the primary language family in the Middle East?
What is the predominant individual language in the Middle East?
76) In what ways do American and British English differ? What geographic factors explain the similarities and differences in American and British English?
Differences: Spelling, Pronunciation, Vocabulary
Because colonists who migrated here isolated themselves from Britain's English. Similarities: Alphabet
77) How do we know that all Indo-European languages have a common ancestor?
Europe contains languages from all branches of the Indo-European family.
78) Why do people in different regions of the United States speak English differently?
Different dialects based on regions, immigrants, and colonists from Europe came from 3 Germanic tribes.
79) What are the future prospects for different groups of non-English speakers in North America?
Uniqueness due to the fact that most Americans only speak English.