The larvae of this species have been reported to feed on aphids, which they lie in wait for. They are also thought to feed upon wood-boring insects, living inside the galleries they make in the wood (4). The adults are present from June to July and have been found on flowers and foliage. They are very active on sunny days, flying readily (4).
This beetle takes its common name from Moccas Park in Herefordshire, which is the only known site to support this species in Britain (3). It is also rare in mainland Europe, where it has a scattered distribution (4).
Moccas Deer Park, now a National Nature Reserve, is an outstanding example of wood pasture dating back to the 17th Century. This beetle is closely associated with hollow, red-rotten oaks, and is only found on a handful of ancient oak pollards in Moccas Park (4).
The main threat facing this species is the lack of suitable host trees (5). In the past, dead and rotting wood has not been appreciated as an important habitat, and was often removed from sites. More recently, however, attitudes have started to change. This species is also vulnerable to being over-collected by entomologists as well as tree damage and severe weather (5).
A group Species Action Plan has been produced under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan for 10 beetles that depend on dead wood habitats. This plan aims to maintain all current populations (3). Moccas Park was designated as a National Nature Reserve because of its importance for dead wood invertebrates. Current management plans aim to retain the veteran trees on the site for as long as possible, and to encourage the growth of new generations of trees to eventually replace them. Dead wood is retained on the site and deer grazing is being controlled (6).
Conservation efforts aimed at invertebrates dependent on dead wood habitats are often hindered by the lack of knowledge of the ecology of these species. CABI Biosciences is currently coordinating research into the ecology of 12 species of rare dead wood beetles. A study on dead wood invertebrates and their conservation in the UK commissioned by English Nature and carried out by CABI Biosciences has highlighted the need for further research into the ecology and life-history of these species (4).
In arthropods (crustaceans, insects and arachnids) the abdomen is the hind region of the body, which is usually segmented to a degree (but not visibly in most spiders). In crustacea (e.g. crabs) some of the limbs attach to the abdomen; in insects the limbs are attached to the thorax (the part of the body nearest to the head) and not the abdomen. In vertebrates the abdomen is the part of the body that contains the internal organs (except the heart and lungs).
Stage in an animal’s lifecycle after it hatches from the egg. Larvae are typically very different in appearance to adults; they are able to feed and move around but usually are unable to reproduce.
Pollarding is the process of ‘beheading’ a tree at around 2 m above the ground. The re-growth takes the form of small poles that can be used in many ways, including fencing. The regrowth occurs out of the reach of deer and other browsers.
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