INDUSTRIES : INDUSTRIES To learn about significance of INDUSTRIES.
To learn about localisation of INDUSTRIES.
To learn about various types of INDUSTRIES.
To understand the role of INDUSTRIES in Indian economy. Introduction : Introduction The literal meaning of manufacture is to make by hand.
During olden times the goods were manufactured by hands. MANUFACTURING : MANUFACTURING The basic principle of manufacturing is to produce more material in a short duration.
So, machines were used in manufacturing.
The conversion of raw materials into more useful and valuable fabricated articles with the help of machines is called manufacturing. INDUSTRIES : INDUSTRIES Definition : Industries may be defined as a place where the goods are manufactured by the labors with the help of machines History of industrial development in India : History of industrial development in India Early man attempted to make tools from stones for his manufacturing.
India`s handicrafts such as pottery cotton textiles , articles and wares of bronze were famous through out world. Industrial development in India : Industrial development in India In India modern textile industry was started in Bombay in 1854.
The world wars encouraged industries like sugar, cement chemical, iron and steel.
The new industrial policy was announced in 1991 according to which the govern ment issued licencing for all industries. Localisation of Industries : Localisation of Industries Raw material.
Government policies. Raw material : Raw material Most of industries are located near to the sources of raw materials to facilitate the quick transport of raw materials to industries.
Examples : iron and steel industries are located near coal or iron mines. The sugar industries are located near sugar cane producing areas. Power : Power Power is the basic necessity to run machinery.
Hence the location of some industries are near hide power or thermal power.
Examples : aluminum industries are located near the source of power as they consume large amount of power. Labour : Labour Light consumer goods and agro based industries require more man power so they are located in densely populated areas with skilled and semi skilled workers. Transport : Transport If the raw materials and finished goods are bulky and heavy then the transport will cost very high.
So that industries like oil industries and refineries are located near ports and railway stations. Market : Market It is essential for quick disposal for manufactured goods.
Most of the industries are located nearbig cities where the consumers determine the size of the market. Government policies : Government policies Governments may provide added incentives facilities like power banking transport or even tax concessions.
The enthusiasm and the interests shown by the southern states attract the software industries. Classification of Industries : Classification of Industries The industries are classified industries based on the
capital and labour.
Nature of raw materials.
Sources of raw materials.
Ownership. Agro based industries : Agro based industries Industries that require raw materials from agriculture are called Agro based industries.
Egg: cotton textiles industries
vegetable oil industries Agro based industries : Agro based industries Mineral based industries : Mineral based industries Industries that depend on minerals for raw materials are called mineral industries.
Eg: iron and steel industries.
cement industries . Mineral based industries : Mineral based industries Heavy industries : Heavy industries Industries which use heavy and bulky raw materials and produce heavy and bulky products are called as Heavy industries.
Eg: iron and steel industries. Light industries in India : Light industries in India Light industries manufacture light products.
They are also called consumer goods industries
Light industries manufacture light products such as electric fans sewing machines. Large scale industries : Large scale industries The industries which involve huge investments and labour.
They produce goods at large scale.
Eg: iron and steel industries.
Cotton textile industries Small scale industries : Small scale industries The industries which involve less investments and less labour.
They produce goods at small scale.
Eg: packing industries.
ancillary industries Cottage industries : Cottage industries The industries carried on primarily with the help of members of the family either as a whole or a part time occupation.
This labour is intensive and traditional industry.
Example : coir making, mat weaving, bamboo works, carpentry etc. Public sector industries : Public sector industries The industries which are owned by government and public are called public sector industries.
Example: Hindustan aeronautics ltd., Hindustan machine tools, BHEL,SAIL,NLC etc. Slide 30: Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited Steel Authority Of India Hindustan aeronautics ltd. : Hindustan aeronautics ltd. Private sector industries : Private sector industries The industries which are owned by private capitalist are called private sector industries.
Example: Bhajaj auto, reliance industries. Joint sector industries : Joint sector industries The industries which are owned jointly by private firms and the state or its agencies are called joint sector industries.
Example: Gujarat alkalis ltd.,
oil India ltd., Joint sector industries : Joint sector industries Gujarat alkalis ltd., oil India ltd., Cooperative sector industries : Cooperative sector industries The industries are owned group of people and producer of raw materials used in industries are called co operative sector industries.
Example: sugar factories.