What is the pathophysiology of DVT?
In brief this is pathophysiology of DVT:
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Venous thrombi typically develop within a low vein at a site of vascular trauma and within areas of sluggish blood flow (eg, in the venous sinuses of the calf and in a valve cusp). An bunch of fibrin and platelets causes fast growth in the direction of the blood flow, potentially reducing venous return. Endogenous fibrinolysis results surrounded by a partial or complete resolution of the thrombus. Residual thrombus will organize and the artery may incompletely recanalize, which often results within narrowing of the lumen and valvular incompetency. An extensive collateral network can develop.
Thrombi that embolize to the lungs will lodge in either the lobar arteries or the distal major pulmonary artery; occasionally they will straddle the pulmonary artery bifurcation (saddle embolus). Smaller thrombi can travel more distally. A pulmonary embolism causes several physiologic change. Stimulation of irritant receptors causes alveolar hyperventilation, which increases the respiratory rate. Gas exchange become impaired because the artificial lung tissue is ventilated but not perfused. Initially, this alveolar "unconscious space," and later the nouns of intrapulmonary shunting, causes bronchoconstriction and hypoxemia. Atelectasis and edema cause by the loss of alveolar surfactant can develop within hours. A end in the cross-sectional nouns of the pulmonary arterial bed, hypoxia, and the release of humoral factors by activate platelets (eg, serotonin and thromboxane) increase pulmonary vascular resistance. Even so, an acute embolic event in a sound individual will not generate a mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than 40 mm Hg.4 Pulmonary hypertension can result contained by right ventricular failure and, infrequently, ease cardiac output. The severity of hemodynamic compromise, and hence symptoms, is dependent on the extent of arterial obstruction and the presence or bunking off of pre-existing cardiopulmonary disease.
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Most DVT's disappear without a problem, but they can recur. Some relatives may have chronic cramp and swelling in the leg, specified as post phlebitic syndrome. Pulmonary embolus is uncommon when DVT's are treated properly, but it can crop up and can be life threatening.