On 20 July 1969, the Apollo 11 mission landed two men on the moon.
Just three years and five more crewed missions later, our visits came to an end. Yet the scientific legacy of the Apollo programme has been profound.
Here we report on how it gave us a new understanding of the universe and how Neil Armstrong's "small step" opened a new chapter in history that continues to unfold today.
Interview: Brian Eno and his moon music
Editorial: Rethinking the great Apollo adventure