Sossina M. Haile
|Sossina M. Haile|
|Born||Sossina M. Haile
July 28, 1966
|Occupation||Professor of Materials Science and of Chemical Engineering at the California Institute of Technology|
Haile's family fled Ethiopia during the coup in the mid-'70s, after soldiers arrested and nearly killed her historian father. They settled in rural Minnesota where she attended Saint John's Preparatory School (Collegeville, MN), graduating in 1983. She received her B.S and Ph.D (1992) from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and M.S. from the University of California, Berkeley. Before joining the Caltech faculty in 1996, Haile spent three years as an assistant professor at the University of Washington, Seattle. Haile has received the NSF National Young Investigator Award (1994–99), Humboldt Fellowship (1992–93), Fulbright Fellowship (1991–92), and AT&T Cooperative Research Fellowship (1986–92). The Humboldt and Fulbright fellowships supported her research at the Max Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung [Institute for Solid State Research], Stuttgart, Germany (1991–1993). She is the recipient of the 2001 J.B. Wagner Award of the High Temperature Materials Division of the Electrochemical Society, the 2000 Coble Award from the American Ceramic Society and the 1997 TMS Robert Lansing Hardy Award.
Haile's research centers on ionic conduction in solids, with the twin objectives of understanding the mechanisms that govern ion transport, and applying such an understanding to the development of advanced solid electrolytes and novel solid-state electrochemical devices. Technological applications of fast ion conductors include batteries, sensors, ion pumps and fuel cells. It is to this last area that Dr. Haile's work is most closely tied.
Materials under investigation in Dr. Haile's group include proton-conducting solid acid compounds, proton-conducting perovskites, mixed oxygen- and electron-conducting perovskites, oxygen-conducting oxides, and alkali-conducting silicates. The standard technique used in her group for the characterization of electrical properties is A.C. impedance spectroscopy. Because ionic conductivity is closely tied to the crystal structure of and structural transitions in the conducting solid, crystal growth, structure determination by X-ray and neutron diffraction, and thermal analysis are also important aspects of Dr. Haile's research. Using these methods, her group has shown, for example, that a broad range of proton containing solids undergo a monoclinic to cubic transition that is accompanied by an increase in conductivity of several orders of magnitude. In another example, her group has demonstrated that Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-d has exceptional activity as a cathode for ceria-based solid oxide fuel cells. Dr. Haile's work in solid state ionics is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Army Research Office and the Department of Energy. In the past, support has also been provided by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the Office of Naval Research, the California Energy Commission, the Powell Foundation and the Kirsch Foundation. Industrial support has been provided by General Motors, EPRI (formerly Electric Power Research Institute), HRL (formerly Hughes Research Labs) and Honeywell (formerly Allied Signal and now General Electric).
Beyond the field of solid state ionics, Haile's research also encompasses the investigation of structure-property relations in thermoelectric materials, in collaboration with colleagues at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and ferroelectric materials as part of a multidisciplinary program at Caltech dedicated to the computational prediction/optimization of material and device behavior. The former project is supported by NSF through the Caltech Center for the Science and Engineering of Materials. The latter is supported by the Army Research Office.
While new materials discovery and understanding are central themes in many of Haile's programs, device development plays an increasingly important role in her research. Micropower generators, based on solid oxide fuel cells are particularly attractive for portable power and are the subject of a recently concluded DARPA project in her group. Similarly, microactuators and micropumps based on ferroelectric thin films hold promise for advancing Microelectromechanical systems technology and development efforts are sponsored by an ARO MURI program. The transition from novel materials to useful devices requires the collective efforts of researchers from a broad range of fields, and both programs are highly interdisciplinary in nature.
Creation of Alternative fuel
Sossina Haile created a new type of fuel cell by default. In the late 1990s, the Caltech scientist had an idea that she thought might dramatically improve fuel cells, the clean technology that converts chemical energy to electricity to power cars, buses and power plants. Haile's idea was to employ an entirely new type of "superprotonic" compound that might help supply power at dramatically lower cost. But when fuel-cell makers balked at revamping their entire systems to try her solution, Haile decided to fabricate the world's first solid-acid fuel cell in her lab. Early in 2008, a Pasadena, California start-up called Superprotonic, founded by two of her former graduate students—will ship the first commercial prototypes to energy-systems makers. The output is barely enough to power a 100-watt bulb, but hopes are high that the small start will someday produce powerful fuel cells for commercial use.
- "Sossina Haile: The Power Behind Cooler, Greener Energy", Newsweek published 22 December 2007 (accessed 18 November 2010)
- "Outstanding Women in Science lecture to feature Caltech's award-winning Haile", Indiana University website published 19 October 2010 (accessed 16 November 2010)
- "Fuel Cells: Powering Progress in the 21st Century", lecture by Sossina M. Haile, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena website (Fall 2001)