Generic Name: sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride and calcium chloride
Dosage Form: injection, solution
Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP
in AVIVA Plastic Container
Lactated Ringers Description
Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution for fluid and electrolyte replenishment in single dose containers for intravenous administration. It contains no antimicrobial agents. Composition, osmolarity, pH, ionic concentration and caloric content are shown in Table 1.
|Size (mL)||Composition (g/L)||Osmolarity
|Ionic Concentration (mEq/L)||Caloric Content
|Sodium Chloride, USP, (NaCl)||Sodium Lactate, (C3H5NaO3)||Potassium Chloride, USP, (KCl)||Calcium Chloride, USP
|Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP||250||6||3.1||0.3||0.2||273||6.5
(6.0 to 7.5)
The flexible container is made with non-latex plastic materials specially designed for a wide range of parenteral drugs including those requiring delivery in containers made of polyolefins or polypropylene. For example, the AVIVA container system is compatible with and appropriate for use in the admixture and administration of paclitaxel. In addition, the AVIVA container system is compatible with and appropriate for use in the admixture and administration of all drugs deemed compatible with existing polyvinyl chloride container systems. The solution contact materials do not contain PVC, DEHP, or other plasticizers.
The suitability of the container materials has been established through biological evaluations, which have shown the container passes Class VI U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) testing for plastic containers. These tests confirm the biological safety of the container system.
The flexible container is a closed system, and air is prefilled in the container to facilitate drainage. The container does not require entry of external air during administration.
The container has two ports: one is the administration outlet port for attachment of an intravenous administration set and the other port has a medication site for addition of supplemental medication (See DIRECTIONS FOR USE OF AVIVA PLASTIC CONTAINER). The primary function of the overwrap is to protect the container from the physical environment.
Lactated Ringers - Clinical Pharmacology
Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP has value as a source of water and electrolytes. It is capable of inducing diuresis depending on the clinical condition of the patient.
Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP produces a metabolic alkalinizing effect. Lactate ions are metabolized ultimately to carbon dioxide and water, which requires the consumption of hydrogen cations.
Indications and Usage for Lactated Ringers
Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP is indicated as a source of water and electrolytes or as an alkalinizing agent.
As for other calcium-containing infusion solutions, concomitant administration of ceftriaxone and Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP is contraindicated in newborns (≤ 28 days of age), even if separate infusion lines are used (risk of fatal ceftriaxone-calcium salt precipitation in the neonate’s bloodstream).
In patients older than 28 days (including adults), ceftriaxone must not be administered simultaneously with intravenous calcium-containing solutions, including Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP, through the same infusion line (e.g., via Y-connector).
If the same infusion line is used for sequential administration, the line must be thoroughly flushed between infusions with a compatible fluid.
Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to sodium lactate.
Although Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP has a potassium concentration similar to the concentration in plasma, it is insufficient to produce a useful effect in case of severe potassium deficiency; therefore, it should not be used for this purpose.
Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP is not for use for the treatment of lactic acidosis or severe metabolic acidosis.
Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP should not be administered simultaneously with citrate anticoagulated/preserved blood through the same administration set because of the likelihood of coagulation.
The infusion must be stopped immediately if any signs or symptoms of a suspected hypersensitivity reaction develop. Appropriate therapeutic countermeasures must be instituted as clinically indicated. Hypersensitivity reactions are reported more frequently during pregnancy.
Depending on volume and rate of infusion, the intravenous administration of Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP can cause fluid and/or solute overloading resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states, pulmonary edema or acid-base imbalance. The risk of dilutional states is inversely proportional to the electrolyte concentrations of the injections. The risk of solute overload causing congested states with peripheral and pulmonary edema is directly proportional to the electrolyte concentrations of the injections.
Clinical evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations may be necessary to monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, and acid base balance during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the condition of the patient or the rate of administration warrants such evaluation.
Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP should be administered with particular caution, if at all, to patients with hyperkalemia or conditions predisposing to hyperkalemia (such as severe renal impairment or adrenocortical insufficiency, acute dehydration, or extensive tissue injury or burns) and in patients with cardiac disease.
Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP should be administered with particular caution, if at all, to patients with alkalosis or at risk for alkalosis. Because lactate is metabolized to bicarbonate, administration may result in, or worsen, metabolic alkalosis.
Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP should be administered with particular caution, if at all, to patients with severe renal impairment, hypervolemia, overhydration, or conditions that may cause sodium and/or potassium retention, fluid overload, or edema.
Do not connect flexible plastic containers in series in order to avoid air embolism due to possible residual air contained in the primary container.
Pressurizing intravenous solutions contained in flexible plastic containers to increase flow rates can result in air embolism if the residual air in the container is not fully evacuated prior to administration.
Use of a vented intravenous administration set with the vent in the open position could result in air embolism. Vented intravenous administration sets with the vent in the open position should not be used with flexible plastic containers.
Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP should be administered with particular caution, if at all, to patients with conditions associated with increased lactate levels or impaired lactate utilization, such as severe hepatic insufficiency.
Hyperlactatemia can develop in patients with severe hepatic insufficiency, since lactate metabolism may be impaired. In addition Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP may not produce its alkalinizing action in patients with severe hepatic insufficiency, since lactate metabolism may be impaired.
Solutions containing calcium salts should be used with caution in patients with hypercalcemia or conditions predisposing to hypercalemia, such as patients with severe renal impairment and granulomatous diseases associated with increased calcitriol synthesis such as sarcoidosis, calcium renal calculi or history of such calculi.
Lactate is a substrate for gluconeogenesis. This should be taken into account when Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP is used in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Safety and effectiveness of Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP in pediatric patients have not been established by adequate and well controlled trials, however, the use of electrolyte solutions in the pediatric population is referenced in the medical literature. The warnings, precautions and adverse reactions identified in the label copy should be observed in the pediatric population.
Lactate-containing solutions should be administered with particular caution to neonates and infants less than 6 months of age.
Clinical studies of Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
Ceftriaxone – see CONTRAINDICATIONS
Caution is advised when administering Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP to patients treated with drugs that may increase the risk of sodium and fluid retention, such as corticosteroids.
Caution is advised when administering Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP to patients treated with drugs for which renal elimination is pH dependent. Due to the alkalinizing action of lactate (formation of bicarbonate), Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP may interfere with the elimination of such drugs.
- Renal clearance of acidic drugs such as salicylates and barbiturates may be increased.
- Renal clearance of alkaline drugs, such as sympathomimetics (e.g., ephedrine, pseudoephedrine) and dextroamphetamine (dexamphetamine) sulfate, may be decreased.
Renal clearance of lithium may also be increased. Caution is advised when administering Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP to patients treated with lithium.
Because of its potassium content, Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP should be administered with caution in patients treated with agents or products that can cause hyperkalemia or increase risk of hyperkalemia, such as potassium sparing diuretics (amiloride, spironolactone, triamterene), with ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, or the immunosuppressants tacrolimus and cyclosporine.
Caution is advised when administering Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP to patients treated with thiazide diuretics or vitamin D, as these can increase the risk of hypercalcemia.
Pregnancy Category C
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP. It is also not known whether Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
For Hypersensitivity Reactions During Pregnancy – see WARNINGS
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Long-term studies in animals to evaluate carcinogenic potential or studies to evaluate mutagenic potential have not been performed with Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP. Studies to evaluate the possible impairment of fertility have not been performed.
Labor and Delivery
Studies have not been conducted to evaluate the effects of Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP on labor and delivery. Caution should be exercised when administering this drug during labor and delivery.
Post-Marketing Adverse Reactions
The following adverse reactions have been reported in the post-marketing experience, listed by MedDRA System Organ Class (SOC).
Immune System Disorders: Hypersensitivity/infusion reactions, including anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions, and the following manifestations: angioedema, chest pain, chest discomfort, decreased heart rate, tachycardia, blood pressure decreased, respiratory distress, bronchospasm, dyspnea, cough, urticaria, rash, pruritus, erythema, flushing, throat irritation, paresthesias, hypoesthesia oral, dysgeusia, nausea, anxiety, pyrexia, headache
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: Hyperkalemia
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions:
Infusion site reactions, including phlebitis, infusion site inflammation, infusion site swelling, infusion site rash, infusion site pruritus, infusion site erythema, infusion site pain, infusion site burning
Hypersensitivity reactions, including, laryngeal edema and sneezing
An excessive volume or too high a rate of administration of Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP may lead to fluid and sodium overload with a risk of edema (peripheral and/or pulmonary), particularly when renal sodium excretion is impaired.
Excessive administration of lactate may lead to metabolic alkalosis. Metabolic alkalosis may be accompanied by hypokalemia.
Excessive administration of potassium may lead to the development of hyperkalemia, especially in patients with severe renal impairment.
Excessive administration of calcium salts may lead to hypercalcemia.
When assessing an overdose, any additives in the solution must also be considered.
The effects of an overdose may require immediate medical attention and treatment.
Lactated Ringers Dosage and Administration
As directed by a physician. Dosage, rate, and duration of administration are to be individualized and dependent upon the indication for use, the patient’s age, weight, concomitant treatment and clinical condition of the patient as well as laboratory determinations.
All injections in AVIVA plastic containers are intended for intravenous administration using sterile and nonpyrogenic equipment.
After opening the container, the contents should be used immediately and should not be stored for a subsequent infusion. Do not reconnect any partially used containers. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit. Do not administer unless the solution is clear and seal is intact.
When making additions to Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP, aseptic technique must be used. Mix the solution thoroughly when additives have been introduced. Do not store solutions containing additives.
Additives may be incompatible with Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP. As with all parenteral solutions, compatibility of the additives with the solution must be assessed before addition, by checking for a possible color change and/or the appearance of precipitates, insoluble complexes, or crystals. Before adding a substance or medication, verify that it is soluble and/or stable in water and that the pH range of Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP is appropriate.
The instructions for use of the medication to be added and other relevant literature must be consulted. Additives known or determined to be incompatible should not be used.
How is Lactated Ringers Supplied
Lactated Ringer’s Injection, USP in AVIVA plastic container is available as follows:
Exposure of pharmaceutical products to heat should be minimized. Avoid excessive heat. It is recommended the product be stored at room temperature (25°C); brief exposure up to 40°C does not adversely affect the product.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE OF AVIVA PLASTIC CONTAINER
For Information on Risk of Air Embolism - see PRECAUTIONS
Tear overwrap down side at slit and remove solution container. Visually inspect the container. If the outlet port protector is damaged, detached, or not present, discard container as solution path sterility may be impaired. Some opacity of the plastic due to moisture absorption during the sterilization process may be observed. This is normal and does not affect the solution quality or safety. The opacity will diminish gradually. Check for minute leaks by squeezing inner bag firmly. If leaks are found, discard solution as sterility may be impaired. If supplemental medication is desired, follow directions below.
Preparation for Administration
- Suspend container from eyelet support.
- Remove protector from outlet port at bottom of container.
- Attach administration set. Refer to complete directions accompanying set.
To Add Medication
To add medication before solution administration
- Prepare medication site.
- Using syringe with 19 to 22 gauge needle, puncture medication port and inject.
- Mix solution and medication thoroughly. For high density medication such as potassium chloride, squeeze ports while ports are upright and mix thoroughly.
To add medication during solution administration
- Close clamp on the set.
- Prepare medication site.
- Using syringe with 19 to 22 gauge needle, puncture resealable medication port and inject.
- Remove container from IV pole and/or turn to an upright position.
- Evacuate both ports by squeezing them while container is in the upright position.
- Mix solution and medication thoroughly.
- Return container to in use position and continue administration.
Baxter Healthcare Corporation
Deerfield, IL 60015 USA
Printed in USA
Rev. November 2013
Baxter and AVIVA are trademarks of
Baxter International Inc.
PACKAGE LABEL - PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL
EACH 100 mL CONTAINS 600 mg SODIUM
CHLORIDE USP 310 mg SODIUM LACTATE
30 mg POTASSIUM CHLORIDE USP
20 mg CALCIUM CHLORIDE USP pH 6.5 (6.0
TO 7.5) mEq/L SODIUM 130 POTASSIUM
4 CALCIUM 2.7 CHLORIDE 109 LACTATE
28 OSMOLARITY 273 mOsmol/L (CALC)
STERILE NONPYROGENIC SINGLE DOSE
CONTAINER NOT FOR USE IN THE TREATMENT
OF LACTIC ACIDOSIS ADDITIVES MAY BE
INCOMPATIBLE CONSULT WITH PHARMACIST
IF AVAILABLE WHEN INTRODUCING ADDITIVES
USE ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE MIX THOROUGHLY
DO NOT STORE DOSAGE INTRAVENOUSLY
AS DIRECTED BY A PHYSICIAN SEE DIRECTIONS
CAUTIONS SQUEEZE AND INSPECT INNER BAG
WHICH MAINTAINS PRODUCT STERILITY DISCARD
IF LEAKS ARE FOUND MUST NOT BE USED IN
SERIES CONNECTIONS DO NOT ADMINISTER
SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH BLOOD DO NOT USE
UNLESS SOLUTION IS CLEAR Rx ONLY STORE
AT ROOM TEMPERATURE (25°C/77°F) UNTIL
READY TO USE AVOID EXCESSIVE HEAT
BAXTER HEALTHCARE CORPORATION
DEERFIELD IL 6001 USA
MADE IN USA
BAXTER AVIVA AND THE AVIVA
CRESCENT DESIGN ARE TRADEMARKS OF
BAXTER INTERNATIONAL INC
FOR PRODUCT INFORMATION
LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP
SECONDARY BAR CODE
(17) YYMM00 (10) XXXXX
PRIMARY BAR CODE
sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride injection, solution
|Labeler - Baxter Healthcare Corporation (005083209)|
|Baxter Healthcare Corporation||059140764||ANALYSIS(0338-6307), MANUFACTURE(0338-6307), LABEL(0338-6307), PACK(0338-6307), STERILIZE(0338-6307)|