In hiragana, when elongating the "ooh" sound you would normally use う instead of お. Example: the word for "far" is "とうい," pronounced "toohee." The word for your own husband would be "おっとお," pronounced "oh'tooh."
In katakana, when you want to elongating a vowel sound you add a "ー” after the vowel. Example: to say "coffee" you would write it as "コーヒー," which is pronounced as "koohheeee."
The small つ/ツ
When you want to write a small pause that happens in the pronunciation of a word you would put a small つ/ツ before that character. Example: one of the words for "Japan" is written as "にっぽん," which is pronounced as "Nee'pon."
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