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it from Amazon UK
-> Cosmic Ray Shelters?
I was reading a paperback from the early
80's entitled "The Nuclear Survival Handbook: Living through and after
a nuclear attack", by Barry Popkess. I was looking for some tips that
might be useful in the event of any non-nuclear global cataclysms (for example
a pole shift), and I can thoroughly recommend reading the chapters on disease
and vermin, and the grim picture he paints. But it was the chapter on shelters
that sent a chill down my spine. From my point of view, his detailed descriptions
of how to build a nuclear radiation shelter parallel many facets of pyramids.
If I am correct about the major role of cosmic rays in global cataclysms that
occured in our distant past, and the ancients believed the same, then perhaps
the true purpose of pyramids can finally be understood.
I'll dispense with
paragraphs of introductions, background information and side-trips, and just present
the evidence as I see it. Below are excerpts from the book of Mr. Popkess, and
how I feel they tie in with corresponding Great Pyramid information.
(Other pyramids require less investiagtion - they were basically a case
of "the more thick stuff that is above me, the less I'll get zapped by cosmic
rays" - and not designed for anything more than a specific temporary shelter)
is just a small portion of my online book, Survive 2012 - a look into possible
ways our world might end, and how to survive. Available in bookstores sometime
before 2012, fingers-crossed...|
[ Note: Obviously
Mr Popkess is not describing pyramids, but rather shelters that you or I could
feasibly build. He is also not just concerned with nuclear blast, but with fallout,
biowarfare and disease as well. Based on the following evidence, pyramids could
therefore be shelters against any of these things, not just cosmic rays. ]
Few persons are able to afford all the requirements of an effective modern
Kings, pharoahs, religious and political
leaders had the ability and influence to convince those under them to construct
pyramids. Powerful people are prone to using their power for personal gain.
A drawback to the use of public shelters arises from the speed with which modern
weapons may be delivered. The shorter the warning of their approach the wider
the entrances to the shelter need to be. And the door is likely to be the weakest
point in any shelter, because it should be capable of being opened by those inside.
is referring to the failure of Governments to provide public shelters, and possible
reasons why. In ancient times the problems were the same. It was logistically
impossible to provide shelter for everyone, and impractical if the threat could
arrive suddenly. Those that govern will select themselves as being more worthy
of having shelter - something that the US & Russian governments (amongst others)
the building, or part of it, suitable in its design and materials?
Resistance to blast. Steel-framed buildings and those of reinforced concrete are
least likely to collapse. Mortar between bricks of old buildings may have lost
2 floors strong enough to support sandbags and falling
3 an interior room;
4 a cellar or basement;
incorporating heat- or fire-resistant materials;
6 stairs. Interior
stairs are protected from various poisons and radiation, exterior ones from fire.
In tall buildings there should be both, for lifts may not be working;
cubic volume of building or part of it which may be sealed against entry of fallout
particles, chemicals or biological agents (For practical purposes, one tenth of
the cubic area contains the oxygen reserve.);
8 roof. Its slope should
allow wind and rain to readily remove fallout
Great Pyramid of Giza has resistance to blast - it is probably the most solid
building on Earth. It contains interior rooms, a basement, is heat resistant,
was sealed and the roof is on a bit of a slope.
This should be through a tunnel having the following features:
least one right angled bend
- a step or ramp at its outer end to
prevent entry of rainwater or fallout
- a decontamination section
in which clothing may be changed, and monitoring and cleaning equipment be kept
outer end facing away from the prevailing wind
- at least one efficiently
sealing door with which air supply and contaminants may be controlled
main door should be of steel plate at least half an inch thick...Though its blast
resistance would be greater if it opened outwards, unless the shelter also has
an emergency exit it may be better for the main door to open inwards so that marauders
cannot jam it shut.
The entrance tunnel has
a bend, but not at right angles. The main chambers are above the entrance, so
that solves the rainwater issue. The decontamination section and prevailing wind
are nuclear fallout specific, and probaly not a consideration in the contruction
of the pyramid. The entrance face the prevailing north wind. The doors and plugs
would have been effective seals.
The exterior entrance to the pyramid supposedly
had a swivel door that opened inwards. According to Ian
Is there physical evidence for a hinged-block system?
The casing stones around the original entrance have now been stripped, as have
many of the core blocks behind them, so it is impossible to judge. However the
huge double gables over the inner entrance, albeit that they were
built for support rather than decoration, somehow do not appear to us consistent
with the idea of a small hinged door. Meanwhile Egyptologists such as Petrie and
more recently Lepre have conducted detailed analysis of the way the doors
might have worked, based primarily on the fact that the Bent Pyramids western
entrance apparently shows signs of just such a system. The blocks on either side
of the entrance are reported to contain distinct sockets in which the hinges would
have swivelled, while the flooralthough now filled inoriginally contained
a deep recess which would have been necessary for the block to swivel inwards;
(this is Lepres reappraisal of Petries theory, which suggested, apparently
incorrectly and based on Strabos original description, that it would have
swivelled outwards). Lepre also suggests that the Meidum Pyramid contains similar
Volume needed for air etc
Here we shall consider a group consisting of two children, their mother and
father, and two additional men included as protection from looters.
Four adults averaging 11 stone each, and two
children who average 51/2 stone each will occupy about 20 cubic feet
One man will need about 4000 calories per day while he works
a manual air pump and cycle-generator and engages in other hard work. If he shares
the task with others they will share the extra food allowance which therefore
remains the same. The foods which this ration might include, listed below, are
neither the most or least suitable for the purpose but selected at random from
stocks which most supermarkets hold.:
425g tin creamed soup, 340
calories, 31.5 cu in
198g tin ham, 578 cals, 15.9 cu in
397g tin tomatoes,
79 cals, 29.7 cu in
425g tin kidney beans, 382 cals, 31.8 cu in
apricots, 715 cals, 58 cu in
200g pkt biscuits, 665 cals, 29 cu in
cheddar cheese, 1300 cals, 19 cu in
Total: 4059 calories, 215 cu
Each additional and presumed 'resting' man will need about 1600
calories per day if he is to remain capable of instant strenuous activity:
pkt raisins, 1426 calories, 27.5 cu in
43g cheddar cheese, 175 cals, 2.53 cu
Total: 1601 calories, 30 cu in
Each presumed 'resting'
woman will need about 1300 calories per day:
410g evaporated milk,
522 cals, 29 cu in
822g apricots, 715 cals, 58 cu in
calories, 87 cu in
Each child will need about 1000 calories per day:
tin creamed soup, 340 cals, 31.5 cu in
200g pkt biscuits, 665 cals, 29 cu in
1005 calories, 60.5 cu in
Three months' food for our group of six
therefore occupies about 25 cubic feet of shelter space, and the space that everyone
and everything which the shelter is to hold needs to be worked out in a similar
Their individual kits
1 pair boots, 50
2 pairs trousers, 680 cu in
2 pairs pants, 200 cu in
3 pairs socks,
129 cu in
2 vests, 160 cu in
3 pullovers, 1011 cu in
1 anorak, 600 cu
1 overcoat, 1400 cu in
1 raincoat, 600 cu in
1 pair gloves, 30 cu
1 scarf, 110 cu in
protective clothing, 6000 cu in
2000 cu in
1 mattress, 7776 cu in
1 sleeping bag, 665 cu in
40 cu in
toiletries, 140 cu in
4 rolls toilet paper, 300 cu in
personal possessions, 500 cu in
Individual kits of the six members
of the group will occupy about 78 cubic feet of shelter space.
Partition between living and decontamination areas,
12,096 cu in
latrine, 400 cu in
heater, 1944 cu in
cooker, 393 cu in
2200 cu in
two tins disinfectant, 1200 cu in
one tin rat poison, 600 cu
two monitors, 576 cu in
weapons for self defence, 1800 cu in
3000 cu in
cylinder of compressed air, 2289 cu in
two transistor radios,
296 cu in
pots, pans, bucket, mop etc, 500 cu in
reference books, 1296 cu
seeds and yeast, 1728 cu in
two torches, 62 cu in
cycle, 576 cu in
stand, 144 cu in
two batteries, 2240 cu in
battery charger, 648 cu in
air pump and filter, 3592 cu in
fuel, 32,556 cu in
lime, 4032 cu in
43 cubic feet
Water: 5.5 cubic feet
Grand Total: 171.5
cubic feet (doesn't allow for awkward shapes, is only for the purpose of calculating
The supply of air from
outside may at any time be interrupted by the air pump breaking down or its operators
becoming tired; if, in the close conditions in the shelter, everyone sleeps of
becomes ill at the same time; if there is severe air pollution outside, or if
the shelter's air inlets become damaged or are blocked by looters intent on forcing
the occupants to quit. Clearly, an air reserve sufficient for twelve hours should
be regarded as minimal.
A twelve hour air reserve for six 'resting'
people is therefore 24,000 litres or 858 cubic feet. If all six were not resting,
but one was engaged in strenuous activity, his air intake might be as much as
that of all his companions together, and the area enclosed by the twelve-hour
air reserve therefore need to be twice as great.
Hence the minimum
capacity for a purpose-built shelter for six persons is 1030 cubic feet, which,
assuming an internal height of six feet three inches, allows a floor space of
a hundred and sixty-six square feet. But because all the group may not be 'resting'
all the time, and as the latrine and washing arrangments, decontamination procedures
and working fo the air pump and cycle generator would be almost impossible in
so small an area, the actual internal dimensions of the shelter should exceed
these by as much as the resources of the owner reasonably permit.
to the Pharaoh's Pump Theory of Edward J. Kunkel, the internal capacity of
the pyramid is 600 cubic metres, which according to the above figures is enough
space and air for 120 people. Given that the pyramid has rooms with higher
ceilings (Grand Gallery is 28 feet high, Kings Chamber roughly 19 feet high),
less people than 120 could live in the pyramid - but a group of 6 people definitely
could. For the purposes of pumping air, high ceilings would be inefficient, so
we must presume that the ancient folk who designed the pyramid shelter did not
pump the air manually.
The main internal dimensions for the pyramid are:
10.5 x 5.2 m, 5.8 m high
5.8 x 5.3 m, 6 m
46.7 x 2.1 m, 8.7 m high
x 1.5 m, 1.6 m high
91.5 x 1.1 m, 1.2 m high
14 x 7.2 m, 5.3 m high
following give minimum shielding from radiation:
three inches of
seven inches of steel
eighteen inches of tiles
twenty inches of
two feet of concrete
twenty-six inches of asphalt or stone
inches of sand
three feet of brickwork, slates, concrete blocks filled with
sand or of well packed earth
five feet of water
seven feet of books or magazines
feet of wood
Of these the most readily available is earth. 3.3 inches
of soil halves fallout radiation, and 7.5 inches of it reduces initial gamma radiation
by a half. As with all barrier materials, if we double any given thickness of
soil we more than double the protection from radiation which it affords. Thus
three feet of soil gives twice the protection from neutrons and five times the
protection from initial and fallout gamma radiation that one foot less would give.
In practice, however, concrete is the ideal material for a survival
shelter. It resists blast, heat, all forms of radiation and attempts at forced
entry by looters. It is fireproof and waterproof, can support such fittings as
heavy doors... and is cheap. 2.2 inches of concrete halves the radiation from
fallout, and 6 inches of it does the same to initial gamma radiation. It is so
effective because, containing light elements such as hydrogen and also heavier
ones such as calcium and silicon, it both slows neutrons and reduces gamma rays.
But concrete can become an even more effective barrier to radiation if certain
heavy materials are mixed with it. One such heavy additive is the iron ore limonite,
and another is barite/barium sulphate from heavy spar.
is no doubt that the thickness of the pyramid would be highly effective in blocking
cosmic rays and other forms of radiation - there is almost 100 metres of stone
between the King's Chamber and the sky.
The ancient Egyptians experimented
with pyramids of different angled slopes, in an attempt to gain the greatest height
from the least materials. Why was height important? Well, the higher the pyramid,
the greater the cosmic ray protection afforded to those sheltering directly beneath
the pyramid. The typical Egyptian pyramid has a cavity directly below the apex
of the pyramid, just below ground level. I believe that these cavities were the
original crude shelters, and the pyramids were thought up at a later date. The
placing of the chambers high within the Great Pyramid could just be an aspect
of the "showing off" displayed by their clever incorporation of mathematics.
Famine Stela has been used as evidence
to support the theory of
the Giza pyramids being made out of concrete. Three additives to the concrete
are mentioned, based on their smell:
"The garlic stone:
Garlic has been suggested for HUTEM and TAAM, i.e. the root word TEM. In col.
16, the ore TEM-IKR could represent the garlic stone, the prefix KR meaning weak,
i.e. the stone which has a weak smell of garlic."
"A simple method
in petrography for the identification of natural minerals and ores is to heat
them with a small blow lamp. If they immediatly release a smell of garlic, they
belong to the arsenate family (arsenate of copper or of iron)."
was valuable to identify arsenate, because it is very toxic - so there is a remote
chance that the Giza pyramids are made of concrete which has arsenate of iron
mixed in with it.
Also, a Central American
pyramid contains broad, thick layers of mica, which had to be transported
over 2000 miles from Brazil. These sheets are ninety feet square and were not
visible, but merely another layer in the construction. Perhaps its purpose was
radiation shielding? Sheets and rods of mica bonded with glass can tolerate extreme
temperatures, radiation, high voltage, and moisture. One of the modern uses of
mica is windows for microwave ovens. It is also used in Geiger counters and cosmic
chimney leading through the roof, curved at its outside end away from the prevailing
wind, or fitted with a revolving cowl, may be sealed at its inside end after warning
of use of chemical or biological agents. Air inlets and vents should be fitted
with blast valves which will seal the inside of the shelter from changes in air
pressure outside it, and which, in a heavily built-up area should also be capable
of being closed to prevent the air inside the shelter being sucked out by a firestorm
which might otherwise asphyxiate the shelter's occupants.
In an elaborate
ventilation system air filters may be incorporated. Fine mesh prevents entry of
large particles and droplets. Activated charcoal granules, available commercially,
may be used as absorbents
Heater, cooker, latrine and incinerator
should be located near the air outlet.
pyramid has four shafts which were dubbed "ventilation shafts" by nineteenth
century egyptologists - because that is what they most resemble.
Chamber has two shafts, however they had to be cut open from the inside of the
chamber, and they do not reach the outside of the pyramid. It was almost as if
they are spares.
The two shafts of the Queen's Chamber have hogged the
limelight in recent years - due to Rudolf Gantenbrink's discovery of a door at
top of one of them - and it is easy to forget that the shafts of the King's Chamber
actually connect the chamber with the outside of the pyramid, like a proper air
shaft should. And today the shafts are have been fitted with fans and actually
used for ventilation!
There were possibly iron doors at the chamber end
of the shafts:
"The plate was, after all, reported
to have been found near the outer opening of the King's Chamber southern "air
passage." The discrepancy between the size of the plate (30.5 x 10 cm) and
the size of the opening of the shaft (30.5 x 23.3 cm) may be explained by the
plate's obvious fragmentary nature. The plate in its original form could easily
have been a good fit."
Temperature inside the pyramid
the airshafts were cleaned and opened, cool air immediately entered the King's
Chamber. Since that time, the King's Chamber has always maintained a constant
comfortable temperature of 68 degrees, no matter what the outside temperature
was. This seems to be one of the earliest forms of air conditioning. "
is so much stone mass in the pyramid that the interior temperature is constant
and equals the average temperature of the earth, 68 degrees Fahrenheit. "
40,- Dramatic Prophecies of the Great Pyramid, 1974, Rodolfo Benavides, ISBN 0-914732-00-5)
could be that there are two main reasons why the pyramid is as big as it is. Thickness
to help block cosmic rays, and density to maintain a constant temperature - a
similar temperature to that experienced by other potential survivors who chose
to hide underground. It would also be close to the nicest temperature to live
in, considering that a common setting for air conditioners in winter is 68 degrees.
In Coober Pedy, Australia, where people live underground to escape the heat, dugouts
have an average temperature of 23º - 25ºC year round = 73-77 degrees
fahrenheit - but they are much closer to the surface than the interior of a pyramid..
the interior of the pyramid would be too dark to be comfortable in. Many have
speculated on what would have been used. Lit torches would have been the most
common means back then, but a lack of soot within the pyramid seemingly rules
that out. Some have suggested an arrangement of mirrors. My favorite is more hi-tech.
Several images from the crypts of Dendera appear to show modern electric light-bulbs.
need to discuss this at length - the height of the rooms means they had enough
storage space for food supplies - the inhabitants could have potentially lived
on top of their supplies... except to say that:
Egyptian hieroglyphics indicate
that the consumption of mushrooms would bring them immortality. Perhaps this is
just reflecting the ability of mushrooms to create food in an environment without
light - an environment that affords an immortality of sorts to those who sheltered
I vote for the subterranean chamber to
be the latrine and trash area. It is unfinished which indicates the royal survivors
would no spend much time there. It has a 20 metre deep pit. And there is the escape
shaft (also known as the well shaft or service shaft) which looks to me like a
laundry shute - ie an easy way of throwing waste down to the basement without
trudging down the passageways
Sabotage & Emergency Exits
When concrete is poured, holes in it will need to be left for external fittings
to be added. These fittings will include air inlet(s) and vent(s), an external
aerial, the disposal chute and latrine pit, a pipe from an outside water supply,
an emergency exit and, if desired an external-radiation sensor and periscope.
Because air and water pipes, aerial, surface-radiation sensor and periscope are
all liable to cut, blocked or damaged by looters, as well as give away the position
of the shelter, they should be camouflaged and duplicated by less well-hidden
decoys, the lower ends of which lead away from the direction of the shelter.
secret entrance (obviously in this case it would be a secret exit) has long been
speculated, but not yet found. A key piece of evidence is that the second pyramid
(called Khafre or Chephren) has two entrances.
But this pyramid does have
redundacy in the air shafts. By having two that reach the exterior, and two more
that don't quite reach the exterior, one could speculate that the second set were
spares, in case of sabotage. If someone on the outside rendered the air-shafts
unusable, they could complete their spare shafts and breathe again.
not suggesting that I know how they would complete the spare shafts, but it's
easy to suggest that they used the same technology that allowed them to build
the pyramid itself.
Of course one could use the air shafts to facilitate
It has been suggested that the pyramid is
a giant pump - either used for raising the blocks when it was built, and/or to
help with irrigation. A third possibility is to remove any water that got into
the pyramid, if the local area had flooded.
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