This view shows enzymes only for those organisms listed below, in the list of taxa known to possess the pathway. If an enzyme name is shown in bold, there is experimental evidence for this enzymatic activity.
|Superclasses:||Degradation/Utilization/Assimilation → Degradation/Utilization/Assimilation - Other|
Some taxa known to possess this pathway include : Pseudomonas oleovorans
Studies have shown that the capacity to use hydrocarbons as sole carbon and energy source is very common, and not restricted to any particular group of microorganisms. Examples were found in a wide range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genera including Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and even some achlorophyllous algae [vanBeilen94]. One of these organisms is the Gram negative bacterium Pseudomonas oleovorans, isolated from machine shop cutting oil [Lee41], which can grow on intermediate chain length n-alkanes (C6 to C12). This pathway describes the oxidation of n-octane by this organism.
The key enzyme in this pathway is the alkane hydroxylase system, which is encoded by the OCT plasmid [Chakrabarty73]. The alkane hydroxylase system system introduces molecular oxygen in the terminal carbon atom of the hydrocarbons at the expense of NADH [Ueda72] to yield primary alcohols [Chen95c]. It is composed of three components - a alkane 1-monooxygenase, a rubredoxin 2, and a rubredoxin-NAD(+) reductase. The NADH-dependent rubredoxin-NAD(+) reductase transfers the electrons from NADH, via the electron carrier rubredoxin 2, to the monooxygenase, which reduces the other oxygen atom.
The product of the hydroxylase system, octan-1-ol, is then further catabolized by an octanol dehydrogenase, an aldehyde dehydrogenase and an acyl-CoA synthetase. The final product, octanoyl-CoA, enters the β-oxidation-cycle, and can be utilized as a carbon and energy source [vanBeilen92, vanBeilen94].
Unification Links: Eawag-BBD-Pathways:oct
Chen95c: Chen Q, Janssen DB, Witholt B (1995). "Growth on octane alters the membrane lipid fatty acids of Pseudomonas oleovorans due to the induction of alkB and synthesis of octanol." J Bacteriol 177(23);6894-901. PMID: 7592483
Ueda72: Ueda T, Coon MJ (1972). "Enzymatic oxidation. VII. Reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide-rubredoxin reductase: properties and function as an electron carrier in hydroxylation." J Biol Chem 1972;247(16);5010-6. PMID: 4403503
vanBeilen92: van Beilen JB, Eggink G, Enequist H, Bos R, Witholt B (1992). "DNA sequence determination and functional characterization of the OCT-plasmid-encoded alkJKL genes of Pseudomonas oleovorans." Mol Microbiol 1992;6(21);3121-36. PMID: 1453953
Eggink87: Eggink G, Lageveen RG, Altenburg B, Witholt B (1987). "Controlled and functional expression of the Pseudomonas oleovorans alkane utilizing system in Pseudomonas putida and Escherichia coli." J Biol Chem 262(36);17712-8. PMID: 2826430
Eggink90: Eggink G, Engel H, Vriend G, Terpstra P, Witholt B (1990). "Rubredoxin reductase of Pseudomonas oleovorans. Structural relationship to other flavoprotein oxidoreductases based on one NAD and two FAD fingerprints." J Mol Biol 212(1);135-42. PMID: 2319593
Guedon01: Guedon E, Petitdemange H (2001). "Identification of the gene encoding NADH-rubredoxin oxidoreductase in Clostridium acetobutylicum." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 285(2);496-502. PMID: 11444870
Katsuyama10: Katsuyama Y, Ohnishi Y, Horinouchi S (2010). "Production of dehydrogingerdione derivatives in Escherichia coli by exploiting a curcuminoid synthase from Oryza sativa and a β-oxidation pathway from Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Chembiochem 11(14);2034-41. PMID: 20836122
Kok89: Kok M, Oldenhuis R, van der Linden MP, Raatjes P, Kingma J, van Lelyveld PH, Witholt B (1989). "The Pseudomonas oleovorans alkane hydroxylase gene. Sequence and expression." J Biol Chem 264(10);5435-41. PMID: 2647718
Kok89a: Kok M, Oldenhuis R, van der Linden MP, Meulenberg CH, Kingma J, Witholt B (1989). "The Pseudomonas oleovorans alkBAC operon encodes two structurally related rubredoxins and an aldehyde dehydrogenase." J Biol Chem 264(10);5442-51. PMID: 2647719
Kurys89: Kurys G, Ambroziak W, Pietruszko R (1989). "Human aldehyde dehydrogenase. Purification and characterization of a third isozyme with low Km for gamma-aminobutyraldehyde." J Biol Chem 264(8);4715-21. PMID: 2925663
Peterson68: Peterson JA, Coon MJ (1968). "Enzymatic omega-oxidation. 3. Purification and properties of rubredoxin, a component of the omega-hydroxylation system of Pseudomonas oleovorans." J Biol Chem 243(2);329-34. PMID: 4295540
Petitdemange79: Petitdemange H, Marczak R, Blusson H, Gay R (1979). "Isolation and properties of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotiderubredoxin oxidoreductase of Clostridium acetobutylicum." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1979;91(4);1258-65. PMID: 526302
Rougraff89: Rougraff PM, Zhang B, Kuntz MJ, Harris RA, Crabb DW (1989). "Cloning and sequence analysis of a cDNA for 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase. Evidence for its evolutionary relationship to other pyridine nucleotide-dependent dehydrogenases." J Biol Chem 264(10);5899-903. PMID: 2647728
Rubio06: Rubio S, Larson TR, Gonzalez-Guzman M, Alejandro S, Graham IA, Serrano R, Rodriguez PL (2006). "An Arabidopsis mutant impaired in coenzyme A biosynthesis is sugar dependent for seedling establishment." Plant Physiol 140(3);830-43. PMID: 16415216
Ruettinger74: Ruettinger RT, Olson ST, Boyer RF, Coon MJ (1974). "Identification of the omega-hydroxylase of Pseudomonas oleovorans as a nonheme iron protein requiring phospholipid for catalytic activity." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1974;57(4);1011-7. PMID: 4830742
Ruettinger77: Ruettinger RT, Griffith GR, Coon MJ (1977). "Characterization of the omega-hydroxylase of Pseudomonas oleovorans as a nonheme iron protein." Arch Biochem Biophys 1977;183(2);528-37. PMID: 921275
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