A Potential Role for Dendritic Cell/Macrophage-Expressing DPP4 in Obesity-Induced Visceral Inflammation
- Jixin Zhong1,
- Xiaoquan Rao1,
- Jeffrey Deiuliis1,
- Zachary Braunstein1,
- Vimal Narula2,
- Jeffrey Hazey2,
- Dean Mikami2,
- Bradley Needleman2,
- Abhay R. Satoskar3 and
- Sanjay Rajagopalan1
- 1Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- 2Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- 3Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Corresponding author: Sanjay Rajagopalan,
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP4) inhibitors target the enzymatic degradation of incretin peptides and represent a major advance in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. DPP4 has a number of nonenzymatic functions that involve its interaction with adenosine deaminase (ADA) and other extracellular matrix proteins. Here, we assessed the nonenzymatic role of DPP4 in regulating dendritic cell (DC)/macrophage–mediated adipose inflammation in obesity. Both obese humans and rodents demonstrated increased levels of DPP4 expression in DC/macrophage cell populations from visceral adipose tissue (VAT). The DPP4 expression increased during monocyte differentiation to DC/macrophages and with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of DC/macrophages. The DPP4 colocalized with membrane-bound ADA on human DCs and enhanced the ability of the latter to stimulate T-cell proliferation. The DPP4 interaction with ADA in human DC/macrophages was competitively inhibited by the addition of exogenous soluble DPP4. Knockdown of DPP4 in human DCs, but not pharmacologic inhibition of their enzymatic function, significantly attenuated the ability to activate T cells without influencing its capacity to secrete proinflammatory cytokines. The nonenzymatic function of DPP4 on DC may play a role in potentiation of inflammation in obesity by interacting with ADA. These findings suggest a novel role for the paracrine regulation of inflammation in adipose tissue by DPP4.
- Received February 25, 2012.
- Accepted July 8, 2012.
- © 2013 by the American Diabetes Association.
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