from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
- n. The soul or vital spirit.
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- n. a neume
- n. the spirit or soul
- n. one of three levels of a human being, the spirit, along with the body and soul
from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. Breath; spirit; soul.
- n. A breathing,
- n. In theology, the spirit; the highest in man and the seat of the divine indwelling, as distinguished from the soul, the seat of the natural human life.
For only when the psychical pneuma is serene, lucid, and clear does it cross over to the posterior ventricle (Publicius, Art of Memory, 28).
When we apply ourselves to seeking something with memory, this pineal gland is opened to provide access to the animate spirit psychical pneuma from the anterior to the posterior ventricle.
Further, as Barfield rightly noted, the literal/figurative distinction is actually a breaking apart of what at least sometimes is an earlier holophrastic meaning -- that is, we have no reason to think that people took pneuma (=wind) as the anchor meaning and then extended the use to pneuma (=spirit); rather, they just used the word pneuma in both ways without bothering about literal and figurative senses.
And because, as we observed before, the word pneuma is variously used, Didymus, de Spiritu Sancto, lib. iii., supposeth that the prefixing of the article to doth distinguish the signification, and confine it to the Holy Ghost in the New Testament.
Because the word pneuma, without as well as with the article so generally refers to the Spirit in the New Testament.
The cosmos is pervaded by a continuous invisible substance which they called pneuma (Greek:
59 If the psychical pneuma is too cold, Publicius adds, it cannot cross over to the posterior ventricle, thus rendering the memory "dull and languid."
Mk. 7: 25 hes eiche to thugatrion autes pneuma akatharton.
The Greek πνευμα ακαθαρτης or pneuma akathartis means literally "unclean spirit."
In Greek it is called pneuma, in Polynesian mana, and in Hebrew ruah, which means "breath of life".