OK, I'll try:
Chroma - when decomposing a pixel value to components, it is possible to separate the quality of brightness or luminance (luma) of the pixel from its color contributors. These color contributors are called chroma components. Often, these are expressed as differences of the Red and Blue values from the brightness - or luma - component.
Saturation - how pure is the color (the hue). On the color space, pure hue can be mixed with white in different amounts. The less white, the more pure or saturated the hue.
Value - in HSV color space, this is an indicator of the luminance.
Tones - probably brightness variations on a specific hue.
Tint - variations in the hue, or superposition of a secondary hue on a primary hue.
Shade - the darker areas of an image.
Intensity - another word for brightness.
Brightness - how illuminating is a pixel. How much it "hurts" the eye.
Lightness - in the HSL color space, the quality of luminance of the color.