Eleanor of Aquitaine lived from 1122-1204 and was born in Southern France. Her father was a wealthy landowner. In her second marriage she married Henry II, the future king of England. Eleanor and the king separated in 1168 where she returned to Southern France with her sons. Her sons began an uprising against King Henry in 1173. King Henry later imprisoned Eleanor for taking part of the uprising. Eleanor retired to an abbey in southern France until she died on April 1, 1204.
Richard I lived from 1157 – 1199. He was the third son of King Henry II of England and inherited the throne after his two older brothers died. Richard launched the third crusade for Jerusalem in 1187 after Prince Saladin of Egypt captured it. Richard was not successful, however, he did negotiate a three-year truce that allowed safe passage for pilgrims to visit Jerusalem. On Richards return from the Third Crusade, he was captured by Emporer Henry VI and was held for ransom for two years. Richard later died from gangrene of a minor wound on April 6, 1199 and named his younger brother John heir since he had no sons.
Richard began to be called “the Lion-Hearted” ten years after his death due to his reddish golden hair and his courageous, fierce demeanor. The lion was also his grandfather Geoffrey’s motif and his mother Eleanor’s symbol.
The crusades were attempts to recapture the Hold Lands of the Middle East from the Muslims and to protect Christian pilgrimage routes to those lands. The First Crusade was from 1096 to 1099 to capture Jerusalem. The Second Crusade was from 1147 to 1149 and was a failed attempt to defend the territory won in the First Crusade. The Third Crusade was led by Richard, which ended in a three-year truce for safe passage of the Christians to the Hold Lands. There were five more Crusades that followed which ultimately ended unsuccessfully in returning the Holy Lands to Christianity.
Consumers – Consumers are organisms that eat producers (herbivores are primary consumers, while secondary consumers include carnivores, omnivores, parasites, and scavengers.)
Decomposers – decomposers return nutrients to the soil by breaking down dead organisms (Fungi and bacteria).
1st Conjugation Endings Imperfect Tense
Western European Countries