The grass genera of the world
From a Japanese word for small bamboos.
Including Neosasamorpha Tatewaki, Nipponobambusa Muroi, Sasaella Mak., Sasamorpha Nakai
Habit, vegetative morphology. Small to medium, shrubby perennial. The flowering culms leafy. Culms 100–400 cm high; woody and persistent; branched above. Primary branches/mid-culm node 1 (rarely 3, with one dominant). Culm sheaths persistent. Culm internodes hollow. Rhizomes leptomorph. Plants unarmed. Leaves not basally aggregated; with auricular setae. Leaf blades broadly lanceolate, or elliptic (large); broad (acuminate); pseudopetiolate; cross veined; disarticulating from the sheaths; rolled in bud. Ligule an unfringed membrane.
Reproductive organization. Plants bisexual, with bisexual spikelets; with hermaphrodite florets.
Inflorescence. Inflorescence determinate; paniculate; open; spatheate (the long peduncle covered by sheaths); a complex of partial inflorescences and intervening foliar organs. Spikelet-bearing axes persistent. Spikelets not secund; pedicellate.
Female-fertile spikelets. Spikelets compressed laterally; disarticulating above the glumes; disarticulating between the florets. Rachilla prolonged beyond the uppermost female-fertile floret; the rachilla extension with incomplete florets.
Glumes present; two; shorter than the adjacent lemmas; similar (scarious). Spikelets with incomplete florets. The incomplete florets distal to the female-fertile florets. The distal incomplete florets merely underdeveloped. Spikelets without proximal incomplete florets.
Female-fertile florets 3–13. Lemmas decidedly firmer than the glumes (with tessellate venation); not becoming indurated; non-carinate; more than 5-nerved. Palea present; 2-keeled. Lodicules present; 3; free. Stamens 6. Ovary glabrous; without a conspicuous apical appendage. Styles fused. Stigmas 3 (plumose).
Fruit, embryo and seedling. Fruit longitudinally grooved. Endosperm containing compound starch grains.
Abaxial leaf blade epidermis. Costal/intercostal zonation conspicuous. Papillae present (abundant); costal and intercostal (present over minor bundles, lacking over the large ones). Intercostal papillae over-arching the stomata (and largely obscuring them); several per cell (large, circular, thick walled and refractory, a single row per cell). Mid-intercostal long-cells rectangular; having markedly sinuous walls (the sinuosity fairly fine, even). Microhairs present; elongated; clearly two-celled (the basal cells very long); panicoid-type. Stomata common. Subsidiaries papillate; dome-shaped. Intercostal short-cells not apparent in this highly papillate epidermis. With costal and intercostal, scattered prickles. Costal short-cells conspicuously in long rows. Costal silica bodies present and well developed; saddle shaped (large).
Transverse section of leaf blade, physiology. C3; XyMS+. Mesophyll with adaxial palisade; with arm cells; with fusoids. The fusoids external to the PBS. Leaf blade adaxially flat. Midrib conspicuous; having complex vascularization. The lamina symmetrical on either side of the midrib. Bulliforms present in discrete, regular adaxial groups; in simple fans (these large). All the vascular bundles accompanied by sclerenchyma. Combined sclerenchyma girders present (with all the bundles); forming figures (Is and Ts). Sclerenchyma all associated with vascular bundles.
Cytology. Chromosome base number, x = 12. 2n = 48 (sample including Sasamorpha and Sasaella). 4 ploid. Chromosomes small.
Taxonomy. Bambusoideae; Bambusodae; Bambuseae.
Distribution, ecology, phytogeography. About 50 species; eastern Asia.
Holarctic. Boreal. Euro-Siberian and Eastern Asian. Siberian.
Hybrids. May hybridize with Semiarundinaria (×Hibanobambusa Maruyama and Okamura).
Rusts and smuts. Rusts Stereostratum and Puccinia. Taxonomically wide-ranging species: Stereostratum corticoides, Puccinia longicornis, and Puccinia kusanoi. Smuts from Ustilaginaceae. Ustilaginaceae Ustilago.
References, etc. Leaf anatomical: this project.
Special comments. Fruit data wanting.
Illustrations. • Abaxial epidermis of leaf blade (S. kurilensis)
This description is offered for casual browsing only. We strongly advise against extracting comparative information from it. This is much more easily achieved using the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting specified attributes, summaries of attributes within groups of taxa, geographical distribution, classification, and species sampled for anatomy.
Cite this publication as: ‘Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 1992 onwards. The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references. Version: 12th August 2014. http://delta-intkey.com’.