Concern about rising wealth and income inequality has generated all kinds of solutions, often focused on improving the lot of the people at the bottom with measures such as minimum wages. But instead of putting a floor on what people get, why not put a ceiling on how much they get to keep?
The idea of a cap on income sounds crazy, and most economists find it unthinkable – as evidenced by the cries of incredulity Oxford professor Simon Wren-Lewis recently elicited when he brought up the idea in an academic discussion. The obvious response is that anything of the kind would automatically kill economic creativity by destroying the wealth incentive that drives entrepreneurs to start new businesses.
But is this really true? Or does this way of thinking merely lack imagination? Maybe there’s a clever way to design an income cap that wouldn’t deter business at all.
One idea comes, unexpectedly, from Tony Hawks, a British comedian and writer. Hawks is best known for his best-seller “Round Ireland With a Fridge,” a recounting of his effort to win a 100-pound drunken bet by hitchhiking around the circumference of Ireland with a medium-sized refrigerator. He later wrote another book, “Playing the Moldovans at Tennis,” about his quest to track down, play and beat each of the members of the Moldovan soccer team one-on-one at tennis.
The poverty Hawks encountered in Moldova, though, made him rethink the value of the wealth and fame he had achieved. He decided to donate 50 percent of the royalties from his second book to a trust fund for beneficial projects in the country. A few years later, after the money had paid for a new care center in Chisinau for children with cerebral palsy, Hawks had an epiphany.
“I met the children and their parents, saw their smiles,” he recalled, “and the experience really enriched my life. I now actually feel good about myself. Undoubtedly, I feel happier since I did this.”
Suppose that people, after paying ordinary income taxes, would be allowed to keep up to, say, $500,000 of their income, then would be obliged to give away the rest to the charities of their choice – or, if they like, to a charity of their own design and creation. Such a policy would encourage a rapid proliferation of philanthropic organizations competing to attract the money – much like the amassing of financial wealth has fueled the money-management industry.
The wealthy, too, would benefit. Many studies have shown that the more money one has, the less happiness one derives from each added dollar of income. This may explain why many of the super-wealthy, such as Warren Buffett and Bill Gates, ultimately turn to philanthropy – making yet more money matters little to them in comparison with what they can get back by helping others.
We need to work harder at imagining what might be possible with policies that encourage the better parts of human nature, rather than merely channel people toward gaining as much wealth as possible.
As a result, they might be happier. •
Mark Buchanan is a physicist and Bloomberg View columnist.