US is a Christian nation
OverviewIt is often argued, especially by Biblical fundamentalists, that the United States is a Christian nation – that is, that one or both of the following are true:
- The country's laws (especially the Constitution) are based on Christian teachings, especially the Ten Commandments.
- The founding fathers intended to endorse and support Christianity, or Christian principles, by codifying them in law.
There does not seem to be any truth to these claims, and considerable evidence against:
- The Constitution codifies a principle known as separation of church and state, specifically stating that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion" (Article I)
- The Constitution specifically prohibits requirements of religious affiliation for holding public office in the US (Article III)
- Some states, such as North Carolina, do nonetheless make such requirements; this conflict has yet to be addressed.
- "In God We Trust" on US money and the phrase "under God" in the US Pledge of Allegiance were not part of the original design of the US and were not officially adopted until the 20th century, almost two centuries after the US was founded.
Possible Common Ground
One statement which those on both sides might be able to agree on is "The United States was founded on Judeo-Christian principles." (see  for an example of this claim.)
Some problems with this statement:
- It implies that those principles were adopted because of their Judeo-Christian origins, i.e. the founders were Christians and therefore sought to promote their native ideology as the best ideology to use for the basis of the new country – rather than choosing those principles, without regard to origin, solely on the basis of merit.
- It implies that Judeo-Christian religious thought should get credit for originating the ideas upon which the US was founded.
- It implies that Judeo-Christian religious thought (as embodied, perhaps, in the Bible, or at least the Old Testament) is somehow the "real" law, of which the US Constitution is just a sort of representation, excerpt, or set of practical guidelines for application.
Also, as far as I know, nowhere in the Bible is the idea of democracy discussed, nor any of the ideas which are essential parts of democracy (freedom of speech, freedom of the press – the press hadn't been invented in Biblical times anyhow, separation of powers including separation of church and state, and so on). So Judeo-Christianity can hardly take credit for those, though perhaps it may be argued that all of those ideas are somehow derived from Judeo-Christian principles such as "love thy neighbor"; we'd need to see some specifics, however, in order to accept this.
So: if this claim is to be taken seriously, instead of saying "...Judeo-Christian principles", it should name the principles involved – with which Judeo-Christianity can then duly credited as contributions towards the betterment of civilization.
- Establish a state religion or prefer certain religion (the "Establishment Clause");
- Prohibit free exercise of religion (the "Free Exercise Clause");
- Infringe the freedom of speech;
- Infringe the freedom of the press;
- Limit the right to assemble peaceably;
- Limit the right to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
There are some areas where such separation is apparently ignored by tradition:
- By law, the country's currency now carries the motto "In God We Trust." (Need source: what law?)
- Congress begins its sessions with a prayer.
- The words "under God" were, by law, added to the customary United States Pledge of Allegiance (on Flag Day in 1954).
There is obviously a vague area where "free excercise of religion" and "freedom of speech" come into contact with preventing the state from establishing or sanctioning a religion: a state-salaried teacher or principal (for example) arguably represents the voice of the state, which must be restrained by the establishment clause, but the same person is also an individual and has the rights of free speech and free excercise.
Treaty of Tripoli
The Treaty with Tripoli states in part:
|from the Treaty with Tripoli, English translation:|
As the Government of the United States of America is not, in any sense, founded on the Christian religion; as it has in itself no character of enmity against the laws, religion, or tranquillity, of Mussulmen; and, as the said States never entered into any war, or act of hostility against any Mahometan nation, it is declared by the parties, that no pretext arising from religious opinions, shall ever produce an interruption of the harmony existing between the two countries.
Part of the problem with "including God" is that, while it includes the vast majority of religions present in the United States, which are mainly branches of Judeo-Christianity (or, more technically, Abrahamic religions), it does exclude some of them, and is therefore arguably "preferring a certain religion". It also specifically excludes atheists and agnostics, who are now much greater in number than they were at the time of the First Amendment and sometimes feel threatened or coerced by official sanction of any ideas whose sole justification is found within religious doctrine.
Need to find some specifics about the battles over displaying the Ten Commandments in (or outside of) court.
It should also be mentioned that many of the early settlers in the US, pre-1776, were fleeing religious persecution, and hence were quite supportive of the separation of church and state as it ensured that they could never again be persecuted with the government's sanction. Those who would remove or weaken this separation have either forgotten this bit of history, or are sure enough that they would be in the majority that they are content to allow the persecution of heathens to resume.
- to be the basis of modern law (or of the US Constitution), though the connection seems tenuous at best.
- 2008-09-24 [Talk|Index] MY TURN for week of Sept. 29, 2008 § “...quite frankly, a plaque of the ten commandments in the Johnson County courthouse in the heart of the Bible belt seems completely appropriate to me. It is, after all, the foundation of our legal system, our morals, and our principles.”
- 2008-03-22 [Talk|Index] Christians Agree: America is a Muslim Country § “Is America based upon Christian principles? There are probably some enshrined within our foundation. But as I have clearly shown, much of Americaâ€™s founding is based upon, and owes a debt of gratitude to, the enlightened civilizations of the Muslims.”
- 2008-03-16 [Talk|Index] McCain: America Established as a Christian Nation § (video) “Last fall, John McCain said that he wanted a Christian to be president because he felt that the Christian faith was a better guide than other faiths. He also said that his faith was an important part of his qualification to lead, adding that the United States Constitution established America as a Christian nation.”
- 2007-07-05 [Talk|Index] Jefferson Bible reveals Founding Father's view of God, faith § “The big question now, said Lori Anne Ferrell, a professor of early modern history and literature at Claremont Graduate University, is this: "Can you imagine the reaction if word got out that a president of the United States cut out Bible passages with scissors, glued them onto paper and said, 'I only believe these parts?' " .. "He was a product of his age," said Ferrell, whose upcoming book, The Bible and the People, includes a chapter on the Jefferson Bible. "Yet, he is the least likely person I'd want to pray with. He was more skeptical about religion than the other Founding Fathers."
- 2006-06 [Talk|Index] Obama religion speech § Excerpts from a June, 2006 speech in which Barack Obama says some very sensible, non-political (and probably not very popular with the religious right) things about religion; full video is here.
- Snopes checks the claim that "Religious symbols and references abound in U.S. capital buildings and the words of America's founders", and finds it mostly false or misleading.
- Is America a Christian Nation?: supposedly a dialogue between Rev. Dr. Welton Gaddy and Rev. Barry W. Lynn, although both seem to agree on pretty much everything including the necessity of separation of church and state. Significant events in the history of religion in the United States are discussed.
- 2007-10-18 Is America a Christian Nation? mainly addresses some significant side issues, but makes the claim "There is no question that this nation was founded on Jewish-Christian principles."
- 2007-10-03 Is America a Christian Nation?: "According to John Fea, writing for the History News Network, both the left and the right often answer this question the wrong way."
- 2007-09-24 Chuck Norris Rewrites US History by Bruce Wilson
- "This would be the best of all possible worlds, if there were no religion in it." — John Adams
- "Ecclesiastical establishments tend to great ignorance and corruption, all of which facilitate the execution of mischievous projects." — James Madison
- "I do not believe in the creed professed by the Jewish Church, by the Roman Church, by the Greek Church, by the Turkish Church, by the Protestant Church, nor by any Church that I know of. My own mind is my own Church. Each of those churches accuse the other of unbelief; and for my own part, I disbelieve them all." — Thomas Paine
- "Millions of innocent men, women and children, since the introduction of Christianity, have been burnt, tortured, fined, imprisoned; yet we have not advanced an inch towards uniformity. What has been the effect of coercion? To make one half the world fools, and the other half hypocrites. To support roguery and error all over the earth."
- "I do not find in orthodox Christianity one redeeming feature."
- "When a religion is good, I conceive it will support itself; and when it does not support itself so that its professors are obliged to call for the help of the civil power, 'tis a sign, I apprehend, of its being a bad one."
- "The way to see by faith is to shut the eye of reason." – Poor Richard's Almanack, 1758