Author Contributions: Dr Kogan had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Study concept and design: Kogan, Holmboe, Hauer.
Acquisition of data: Kogan, Hauer.
Analysis and interpretation of data: Kogan, Holmboe, Hauer.
Drafting of the manuscript: Kogan, Holmboe, Hauer.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Kogan, Holmboe, Hauer.
Statistical analysis: Kogan.
Obtained funding: Kogan, Holmboe, Hauer.
Study supervision: Hauer.
Financial Disclosures: Dr Holmboe reports being employed by the American Board of Internal Medicine and receiving royalties from Mosby-Elsevier for a textbook on physician assessment. No other disclosures were reported.
Previous Presentations: A subset of these data were presented in a poster at the Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine National Meeting, Orlando, Florida, October 31, 2008.
Funding/Support: This study was funded by a grant from the American Board of Internal Medicine.
Role of the Sponsor: The funding source had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.
Additional Contributions: Josephine Tan, MLIS (UCSF) provided help with literature searching; Joanne Batt, BA, and Salina Ng, BA (UCSF), provided administrative assistance and data organization; Patricia S. O’Sullivan, EdD, the ESCape works in progress group (UCSF), and Judy A. Shea, PhD (University of Pennsylvania), provided comments on the manuscript. These individuals did not receive compensation for their roles in the study.