The pieces/parts analysis of time goes like this:
Any instance of time has duration.
We may speak of the age of the universe or the time it takes for light to traverse the diameter of a proton-each segment of time has a duration such that its beginning is not simultaneous with its end.
You need to understand that within my ever evolving theory I do not use the term time in that fashion.
That side of Time, the normal way of looking at it, is a purpose driven measurement of the interrelationship of certain things.
With my view I take the broadest possible approach, so I take away all things. What is left then is causality. The point is that causality is only possible when it occurs over time. It is the action of causality that allows for measured time, but there is still the time that allows for causality to "be active" in the first place.
Causality is dependent on both time and things, which also incidentally means that causality can at least have a partial explanation.
While, Things, are dependent on causality and time, this then implies that Time is dependent on things and causality. It is when you look at time as you do.
So there are two things to note here:
a) The degree of interdependence of Time, Things and Causality indicates that that they attributes of the one thing. Thus they are not primary, not absolute in themselves, but caused.
b) There is more than one way to look at any concept. We can describe Things as both having finiteness (it allows reality to be partialised) and infiniteness (we know it is not finite). We can describe causality as if it were a cause or an effect.
The same applies to time. You are viewing it only as an effect, a measurable thingness. Where as I validly use it in its causal sense.
The missing factor in the above is space, which is also a caused attribute of reality.
In looking at time as also being a cause, then one can properly explore its causal potential -as in what effects could it create, which is what I am exploring with my theory.
Using Time as a cause allows me to unite everything together, and does not conflict with science as science explores the various relationships between things.
The onewayness of time, Times Arrow, is vitally important. All things interact in a dualistic fashion, it’s a two way equalisation street. Causal-Time does not work that way. It has no opposite side. As a cause it is "outside" of things. That is because it precedes things, only when it "is in the initial place in the causal chain, and thereafter" can causality occur and thingness gradually evolve.
The mere act of eternal expansion automatically creates space (as Aether or dimension holder) and changeable space (which involves into things) for the universe - Causalities content.
The mere act of eternal expansion automatically creates a power source for the universe - Causalities action.
Well, that’s as far as I got in response. Will I finish the rest of your post, probably not. no point if you cannot agree with the above.