Acute epididymitis is an inflammation of the epididymis. This is a structure that surrounds and attaches to each testicle. It is shaped like a tube. The epididymis helps transport and store sperm cells.
Chronic epididymitis causes discomfort or pain in the epididymis. It can last for three months or longer. This type is less common.
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Only men can develop this condition. Risk factors include: Age: 15-30 (sexually transmitted bacteria is a common cause)Age: over 60 (urinary tract infections are a more frequent cause)Infection of the genitourinary tract—urethra, bladder, kidney, prostate, or testicleNarrowing of the urethra
Use of a
urethral catheterInfrequent emptying of the bladder
Recent surgery or instrumentation of the genitourinary tract—especially
prostate removalBirth defects of the genitourinary tractUnprotected sexDisease that affects the immune system
Children and newborns can get epididymitis. It is not necessary to have a urinary tract infection.
Symptoms usually develop within one day. These include: Pain in the testiclesSudden redness or swelling of the scrotumHardness, a lump, and/or soreness in the affected testicleTenderness in the nonaffected testicleGroin painChillsFeverInflammation of the urethraPain during intercourse or ejaculationPain and/or burning during urinationIncreased pain while having a bowel movementLower abdominal discomfortDischarge from the penis
You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.
Your bodily fluids may be tested. This can be done with: UrinalysisUrine cultureCulture or other test of discharge from penisBlood tests
Images may be taken of your scrotum. This can be done with ultrasound.
Treatment is essential to prevent the infection from worsening. Treatment may include: Bed rest—This keeps the testicles from moving and promotes healing. You may need bed rest until the swelling goes away.
Antibiotics—You will be given antibiotics to treat a bacterial infection. Many cases of epididymitis are caused by sexually transmitted bacteria.
is one of the most common. If you have an
, your partner(s) will also need treatment. Oral anti-inflammatory medication—This includes drugs like ibuprofen to help reduce swelling.Scrotal elevation and support—You may need to wear an athletic supporter for several weeks.Hot baths—Taking baths can ease the pain and help relieve swelling.Surgery—May be needed in severe cases that keep coming back.
The following steps can help decrease your risk:
Practice safe sex. Protect yourself from STDs by using
Empty your bladder as soon as you feel the need.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guide: 2006.
2006;55. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Available at:
http://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2006/rr5511.pdf. Accessed September 24, 2014.
Hori S, Sengupta A, et al. Long-term outcome of
epididymectomy for the management of chronic epididymal pain.
J Urol. 2009
Santillanes G, Gausche-Hill M, et al. Are antibiotics necessary for
Pediatr Emerg Care. 2011 Feb 19.
Last reviewed August 2014 by Mohei Abouzied, MD
Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
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