Probably the most successful of all the Old French names of Germanic origin that were introduced to England by the Normans. It is derived from Germanic wil ‘will, desire’ + helm ‘helmet, protection’. The fact that it was borne by the Conqueror himself does not seem to have inhibited its favour with the ‘conquered’ population: in the first century after the Conquest it was the commonest male name of all, and not only among the Normans. In the later Middle Ages it was overtaken by John, but continued to run second to that name until the 20th century, when the picture became more fragmented.
English (West Midlands): 1. habitational name from Astbury in Cheshire, named from Old English ēast ‘east’ + byrig, dative of burh ‘manor’, ‘fortified place’. 2. from either of two places, in Oxfordshire and Devon, named Ashbury, from Old English æsc ‘ash tree’ + byrig.