|This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2008)|
|Place of origin||Galicia (Spain), León|
|Region or state||Latin America, Southern Europe, Philippines|
|Creator||Galician, Portuguese, Leonese|
|Serving temperature||Hot or cold|
|Main ingredients||Pastry, filling|
|Variations||Pastel (food), Pasty|
|Other information||Popular throughout:
An empanada (Spanish pronunciation: [empaˈnaða]; also called pastel in Brazilian Portuguese and pate in Haitian Creole) is a stuffed bread or pastry baked or fried in many countries in Latin Europe, Latin America, the Southwestern United States, and parts of Southeast Asia. The name comes from the Galician, Portuguese, and Spanish verb empanar, meaning to wrap or coat in bread.
Empanadas are made by folding dough or bread with stuffing consisting with a variety of meat, cheese, huitlacoche, vegetables, fruits, and others.
- 1 Origins
- 2 According to regions
- 2.1 Argentina
- 2.2 Bolivia
- 2.3 Brazil
- 2.4 Cape Verde
- 2.5 Chile
- 2.6 Colombia
- 2.7 Costa Rica
- 2.8 Cuba
- 2.9 Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao
- 2.10 Dominican Republic
- 2.11 Ecuador
- 2.12 El Salvador
- 2.13 Ghana
- 2.14 Haiti
- 2.15 India
- 2.16 Indonesia
- 2.17 Jamaica
- 2.18 Maldives
- 2.19 Malaysia and Singapore
- 2.20 Marianas Islands
- 2.21 México
- 2.22 Nigeria
- 2.23 Panamá
- 2.24 Paraguay
- 2.25 Perú
- 2.26 Philippines
- 2.27 Puerto Rico
- 2.28 Spain
- 2.29 Sri Lanka
- 2.30 United Kingdom
- 2.31 United States
- 2.32 Uruguay
- 2.33 Venezuela
- 2.34 Virgin Islands
- 3 Similar dishes
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Empanadas trace back their origins to Galicia, (Spain). They first appeared in medieval Iberia during the time of the Moorish invasions. A cookbook published in Catalan in 1520, Libre del Coch by Ruperto de Nola, mentions empanadas filled with seafood in the recipes for Catalan, Italian, French, and Arabian food. In turn, empanadas and the similar calzones are both believed to be derived from the Indian meat-filled pies, samosas. All these pastries have common origins: India and the Middle East.
In Galicia and Portugal, empada is prepared similarly to a large pie which is then cut into pieces to make it portable and hearty meal for people at work. The fillings for the Galician and Portuguese empanadas are usually either tuna, sardines, or chorizo, but can also contain cod or pork loin. The meat or fish is mixed with sauce made of tomato, garlic, and onion. Due to the Portuguese colonization in Brazil and a large number of Galician immigrants in Latin America, the empadas and empanadas gallegas has also became popular in those areas.
Empanada was introduced to Brazil and Indonesia by the Portuguese colonizers and it still remains as a popular dish. It has also been introduced to Hispanic America and the Philippines by the Spanish colonizers. Empanadas in Latin America, the Philippines, and Indonesia have various fillings, as follows.
According to regions
Argentine empanadas are often served during parties and festivals as a starter or main course. Shops specialize in freshly made empanadas, with many flavors and fillings.
The dough is usually made with wheat flour and beef drippings for the fillings which differs from province to province. Some places mainly use chicken, and some places beef (cubed or ground depending on the region) mostly spiced with cumin and paprika. Some other fillings are onion, boiled egg, olives, or raisins. Empanadas can be baked (Salta-style) or fried (Tucuman-style). It also can contain ham, fish, humita (sweetcorn with white sauce), or spinach; a fruit filling is used to create a dessert empanada. For the interior regions, they can be spiced with peppers. Empanadas are mostly eaten during celebrations.
In those places (usually take-out shops) where several types are served, a repulgue, or pattern, is added to the pastry fold. These patterns indicate the filling. In larger cities, empanadas are more commonly eaten as take-away food, sourced from restaurants specializing in this dish. They usually carry dozens of different varieties, which is not the case in northern provinces, where empanadas are usually made at home, with more traditional recipes.
Also popular are the so-called "Arabian" empanadas (empanadas árabes or fatay), filled with beef, tomato, onion, and lemon juice, similar to the fatayer made in the Levant.
This province hosts the National Empanada Festival, in the town of Famaillá.
- The only varieties are beef, and the most authentic types are mondongo, and chicken.
- Preferably, they are cooked in a clay oven in a tray of fat or in a gas oven.
- The Tucumanian empanada is hearty—the meat filling being minced into 3-mm pieces, then partially cooked and allowed to cool while it absorbs juices. Cooking is finished along with the final baking.
- In addition to meat, spring onions, pimento and vinegar are added. Potatoes, peas, and olives are rarely used in the Tucuman preparation.
- The dough is simply prepared from flour, water, and lard.
A traditional celebratory meal in Tucumán might include: empanadas, Tucumanian locro and meat tamales, and wine from Amaicha del Valle, or Colalao del Valle. Cheese from Tafí del Valle with honey and/or bitter orange syrup is a dessert.
Empanadas from Salta are called salteñas, and are distinct from Tucumán-style empanadas, as they are smaller and baked without the addition of fat or oil. Typical fillings include carne suave or picante—beef or spicy beef, cheese, ham, or chicken. The beef versions typically have potato, egg, red pepper, and green onion with the meat.
- Buenos Aires and the city of Buenos Aires: The preferred empanada one is very similar to that of Tucumán, but with a greater variety of fillings.
- Jujuy: Empanadas Jujeñas are very similar to those from Salta, though peas, red peppers and goat meat are more favoured.
- Santiago del Estero empanadas tend to commonly use peas, white onion, and hard-boiled egg.
- Córdoba: The empanadas from Cordoba are characterized by the use of raisins, potatoes, and sugar. Typically, Cordoba makes empanadas criollas containing ground meat, carrots, egg, onion, garlic, olives and raisins.
- Catamarca, La Rioja: Empanadas Catamarqueñas and Riojanas tend to have garlic, potatoes, ground beef, onion and olives as the fillings.
- Cuyo (Mendoza, La Rioja, San Luis, San Juan): Contains ground beef, onions (yellow and/or green), green olives, hard boiled eggs, and various spices (cumin, paprika, oregano, etc.)
- Entre Rios: The empanadas here are often stuffed with milk-soaked rice.
- Corrientes, Misiones, and Formosa: Empanada pastry is occasionally made with manioc flour, and although beef as a filling predominates, fish is not unusual.
- La Pampa: Here, empanadas reflect the crossing of various regional influences from Buenos Aires, Cordoba, Mendoza, and Patagonia. The most frequent empanada fillings can include red peppers, carrots, hard-boiled egg, and currants.
- Patagonian provinces (Neuquén, Río Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego, and Islands of the South Atlantic): The most frequent filling is lamb although in the coastal zones, seafood is common. In Neuquén, the usual condiment is merken.
Bolivian empanadas are made with beef, pork, or chicken, and usually contain potatoes, peas and carrots, as well as a hard-boiled egg, an olive, or raisins. They are called salteñas and are moon-shaped pouches of dough customarily seamed along the top of the pastry. Salteñas are very juicy and generally sweeter than the Chilean variety, though levels of spiciness differ. In the afternoons, fried cheese empanadas are served, sometimes brushed with sugar icing.
The traditional Spanish empanada is relatively a recent addition for the Brazilian cuisine, probably through influence of neighbouring countries such as Argentina, Uruguay and Chile. Rather, the Brazilian pastel is a similar, though distinct, dish with a more flaky, pastry-type crust than the dough used in the empanada. Also, it is usually fried. When baked, using a slightly different kind of pastry, it is called pastel de forno or pastel português (Portuguese pastel), though its Portuguese origins can be disputed. When prepared at home or served in parties, they're small half-moons with a radius usually about 5 cm (2 inches). When bought as a snack, they are often rectangular and about twice that size. Pastel is traditionally accompanied by sugarcane juice, which is fresh squeezed.
The pastel is a very common food with a variety of stuffings like: pizza, mozzarella, chicken with catupiry, beef, heart of palm, small shrimps, pork; and also sweet "pastéis", filled with brigadeiro, goiabada (and goiabada with cheese), doce de leite.
Another dish that is similar to the empanada is the empada, a pastry pie the size of a muffin, that is baked in small steel or aluminium shells in the oven. The empada is commonly filled with chicken, chicken with cream cheese (catupiry), heart of palm, and sometimes beef. It resembles the English pork pie in appearance, except for its size which is much smaller. The empada dough will usually contain some kind of fat such as lard or hydrogenated fat to give it a crusty shell.
Cape Verde cuisine features the pastel, as well. Cape Verdean pastéis are often filled with spicy tuna fish. One particular variety, the pastel com o diabo dentro (literally: Pastel with the devil within), is particularly spicy, and is made with a dough made from sweet potatoes and cornmeal.
Chilean empanadas do not have a wide range of fillings, the three types are: One is baked and filled with pino, a traditional filling consisting of ground beef, onions, raisins, black olives, and boiled egg. The second is usually filled with seafood and fried. The third type contains cheese and may be baked or fried, although the latter form is more common.
Many variations on each of these basic types are found (e.g.: pino without raisins and olives, all kinds of seafood such as mussels, crab, prawns, or locos (similar to abalone), and mixed shrimp/cheese, etc.). They are considerably larger than the Argentine type, usually with one empanada being enough for a meal.
Sweet empanadas can also be found, though they are less popular. Of these, the best known is a small pastry filled with a pear paste (empanada de pera)
Colombian empanadas can be either baked or fried, but are usually fried, with a major difference being they are almost always made with a crunchy cornmeal exterior, rather than with white flour as found in Argentina or Cuba. The ingredients used in the filling can vary according to the region, but it will usually contain components such as salt, rice, beef or ground beef, shredded chicken, boiled potatoes, cheese, hard-boiled eggs, and peas. In the department of Valle del Cauca, they are generally filled with ground meat, yellow potato, or Creole potato. They are also served with peas, tomato, cilantro, and many other spices. In the city of Medellín, chorizo-filled empanadas can be easily found, because of the city's love of pork and chorizo meats. In the Caribbean Region, empanadas are fried, the pastry is corn-based, and fillings include ground meat, shredded chicken, and ground costeño cheese. In the Amazonic regions of Colombia, such as the area of the city of Leticia, many sweet empanadas can be found, because of the high demand and high supply of tropical fruits of the region. Many of these empanadas are filled with some sort of jam, consisting of these types of tropical fruits, such as lulo, zapote, and many more, which can all be found in the Amazon regions of Colombia. However, radical variations can also be found (cheese empanadas, chicken-only empanadas, and even trucha (trout) empanadas). The pastry is mostly corn-based, although potato flour is also used. In Santander and Norte de Santander, is known as Pasteles and are prepared with wheat flour pastry is the most popular, with a variety of fillings that may include pineapple and even mushrooms, but the empanadas of ground or puréed manioc (stuffed with rice, shredded chicken, or minced meat, and usually, chopped hard-boiled egg and cilantro) are a representative traditional food.
Colombian empanadas are usually served with aji (also called picante and ají pique by some people), a sauce made of cilantro, green onions, red or black pepper, vinegar, salt, and lemon juice, and often, bits of avocado. Bottled commercially made hot sauces are also used to add flavor to the empanadas. The sauce is normally prepared with a spicy kick, balancing very well with the nutty, neutral taste of the meat, potato and spices that make up the typical Colombian empanada. They are also known to contain carrots and chicken. Another variety includes stuffed potatoes (papas rellenas), a variant with potato in the pastry instead of maize dough; they have round shapes.
In the Cauca department, the pipian empanadas are made with peanuts and a special type of potato called papa amarilla due to its yellow color. In Colombia, empanadas can be easily found on street corners, as it is one of the most famous and popular foods in the general public, followed by arepa and pandebono. Many of the empanadas found in Colombia are homemade, and the recipes have been brought down through generations, eventually turning into a national obsession. One of the most famous bakeries in the Republic, based in Cali, Colombia and called El Molino, introduced the spinach empanada, which is filled with both green spinach and cottage or ricotta cheese. In the poorer areas of Colombia, the producers of these popular empanadas are made with the same spinach, but use queso campesino, queso paisa of Medellín, or parmasan cheese instead of cottage or ricotta cheese. Empanadas in Colombia are a favorite in most of the bigger cities, such as Cali, Bogotá, Barranquilla, or Medellín.
Costa Rican empanadas are normally made with a corn dough filled with seasoned meats (pork, beef, or chicken), or cheese, beans, or cubed potato stew, and then folded and fried. A typically sweet version made with wheat dough is filled with guava, pineapple, chiverre, or any other jelly and dulce de leche, and baked. Another version is made with sweet plantain dough, filled with seasoned beans and cheese, and then fried. Empanadas filled with gallo pinto are becoming a popular alternative for active people who need a quick breakfast.
In the Limón province, the are variation of empanadas called patí filled with a spicy stuffin, and also platin-ta (derived from the English "plantain tart") which is sweet.
Cuban empanadas are typically filled with seasoned meats (usually ground beef or chicken), folded into dough, and deep-fried. Cubans also sometimes refer to empanadas as empanaditas. They can also be made with cheese, guava, or a mixture of both. It can also be made with fruit, such as apple, pears, pumpkins and pineapples.
These are not to be confused with pastelitos, which are very similar, but use a lighter pastry dough and may or may not be fried. Cubans eat empanadas at any meal, but they usually consume them during lunch or as a snack.
Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao
Pastechis are typically filled with Gouda cheese, meat, tuna, or other fish. The dough is made from flour, eggs, and lard or butter, slightly sweetened. Pastechis are deep-fried.
Referred to by Dominicans as pastelitos (little pies), Dominican empanadas are traditionally fried and stuffed with savory fillings, such as cheese or meats (seasoned ground beef, shredded chicken, or pork), and garnished with chopped olives, onions, raisins and/or eggs. A variety also exists in which the dough is made from cassava flour (or wheat flour), called catibías. They are often consumed as street food bought from vendors, but are also made at home as special additions to holiday meals.
Ecuadorian empanadas vary depending on the region of the country. In the highlands there are two main types of empanadas: de morocho, which are made of a special kind of corn, filled with rice, peas and beef and are deep fried; and de viento, which are made out of regular flour, eggs and other components and filled with cheese. This second kind of empanada is usually served with sugar spread over the top. On the coast, the principal type of empanada is the plantain empanada which is made out of plantain and filled with cheese, beef or shrimp.
Salvadorians often use the term empanada to mean an appetizer or dessert made of plantains stuffed with sweet cream. The plantains are then lightly fried and served warm with a sprinkle of sugar. They also sometimes include red fried beans.
In Ghana, traditional-style empanadas called "meat pies" are made with a pastry shell and meat or tuna filling.
In Haitian cuisine, a very popular meat-filled pastry similar to the savoriness of the empanada, but with a puffy pastry crust similar to the Cuban pastelito, called a pate. It demonstrate a very African culinary aesthetic paired with a very French sophistication. It is essentially a meat-filled turnover filled with ground beef, salted cod (bacalao), smoked herring (food), chicken, and ground turkey topped with spices. The dough is then sealed and baked. It is regularly eaten on festive occasions and often served at local street vendors, especially at the Haitian Carnival; Haiti's largest annual festivity held in its capital of Port-au-Prince.
In India, there are many varieties of empanadas—mostly with sweet fillings. In North India (Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan) they are called gujias. Gujias are sweet and are made typically at festival time—especially Holi. They are made with a filling of dry fruits, khoya, etc. In South India they are called Karjikayi. In Maharashtra they are made during the Ganapati festival and also for Diwali—they are called Karanjis. In Gujrat they are called Ghugra.
In Goa, the Catholics make two variants: one for Christmas with a coconut, jaggery and dry fruit filling called Neories/ Nevries, and patties (pattisam) made all year round with beef and/or certain vegetables .
In Indonesia, it is known as panada or pastel. The Northern Celebes version, called panada, has thick crust made of fried bread, giving it bread texture, and is filled with spicy tuna or cakalang fish (skipjack tuna) and chili peppers. The other less spicy version, called pastel, has thin crust to make it crispy, and fillings typically include finely diced potatoes, carrot, green onions, chicken, garlic, and white pepper; some people add glass noodles. A less common version can also be found, filled with curried chicken and/or potatoes with one quail egg.
Another version, the pastel tutup, has the same fillings as pastel, but in pie form like chicken pot pie, only with the soft thick crust made of mashed potatoes. Pastel tutup is baked instead of fried.
A Jamaican patty or "pattie" is a pastry containing various fillings and spices baked inside a flaky shell, often tinted golden yellow with an egg yolk mixture or turmeric. It is made like a turnover, but is more savory. As its name suggests, it is commonly found in Jamaica, and is also eaten in other areas of the Caribbean, such as Costa Rica's Caribbean coast. It is traditionally filled with seasoned ground beef, but fillings now include chicken, shrimp, lobster, fish, soy, ackee, mixed vegetables or seasoned ground beef with cheese. In Jamaica, the patty is often eaten as a full meal, especially when paired with bread. It can also be made as bite-sized portions and is then referred to as a cocktail patty.
The Maldivian empanada, locally known as patty, is a pastry that contains spicy tuna fillings accompanied by chopped onions, chopped garlic, potato and of course, the Maldives chili.
Malaysia and Singapore
In Malaysia, it is called karipap or curry puff, one of the traditional snacks for breakfast. Another version of this snack is known as epok-epok and teh-teh, which is smaller than the curry puff. The filling can vary, some use sweet potatoes or plain potatoes. Other varieties of the epok epok are filled with a half-boiled egg instead of chicken. Another alternative is canned sardines and serunding derived from fish.
Manufacturers have developed a version of the curry puff that can be frozen and later reheated by the consumer. These are suitable for the export market and can be produced in volume for shipment to various regions, such as the Middle East, where there is demand. In addition, new fillings such as tuna, have been tested.
At Indian food stalls, it is quite common to find vegetarian curry puffs with potatoes, carrots, and onion as fillings.
Mexican empanadas can be a dessert or breakfast item, and tend to contain a variety of sweetened fillings which change drastically from region to region; these include pumpkin, yams, sweet potato, and cream, as well as a wide variety of fruit fillings. Meat, cheese, and vegetable fillings are less common in some states, but still well-known and eaten fairly regularly. Depending on local preferences and particular recipes, the dough can be based on wheat or corn, sometimes with yuca flour. The state of Hidalgo is famous for its empanadas, or pastes, as they are locally known. These trace their origins from the Cornish pasties imported by British miners. Also, syrup or fruit drizzle is often poured onto the Empanada for a distinct sweetened flavor.
In Chiapas, empanadas filled with chicken or cheese are popular dishes for breakfast, supper or even as snacks.
In Tabasco, typical empanadas are made of corn dough and filled with a mince beef dish and served with a garnish of cabbage and salsa.
In Nigerian cuisine, these pastries are commonly referred to as "meat pies". They are usually stuffed with carrots and potato with the meat being either beef, lamb, or chicken.
Empanadas are usually filled with ground beef, but sometimes may also be filled with shredded chicken, white cheese or yellow cheese. They are made of flour or cornmeal and usually deep fried, but can also be baked. In the city of Colón, due to a heavy Caribbean influence, they also fill them with plantain puree, bake them, and call them "plantain tarts" (tartas de platano). They are smaller than their counterparts elsewhere in Latin America and are considered snack, appetizer, or luncheon food.
The Carimañola is another item similar to an empanada. They are made of yuca (cassava), usually filled with ground beef and deep fried.
Paraguayan empanadas are similar to the Argentinian ones. They are fried or baked, with a variety of fillings. The traditional ones contain ground beef or shredded chicken with green onion, parsley and hard-boiled eggs. Some other popular types are jamón y queso (ham and cheese), palmitos (heart of palm), choclo (corn), huevo (egg), and mandioca (cassava). The mandioca empanada is commonly referred as pastel mandi'o, and it is unique in this country, usually served in the San Juan festival. Paraguayans like to eat their empanadas with bread. Empanadas are most commonly eaten in the morning hours (after breakfast and before lunch).
Peruvian empanadas are similar to Argentine empanadas, but slightly smaller. They are usually baked. The most common variety contains ground beef, seasoned with cumin, hard-boiled egg, onions, olives, and raisins; the dough is usually sprinkled with icing sugar. They are commonly sprinkled with lime juice before eating. Also very popular are cheese-filled (or cheese-and-ham-filled) ones besides chicken-filled one.
Recently, "modern" empanadas, with a variety of filling have appeared, e.g.: chicken-and-mushrooms, shrimp or ají de gallina.
In southern Perú, similar to Bolivia, salteñas (Argentinian empanadas) or Bolivianas (very similar to salteñas) are served.
Filipino empanadas usually contain ground beef, pork or chicken, potatoes, chopped onions, and raisins (somewhat similar to the Cuban picadillo) in a somewhat sweet, wheat flour bread. There are two kinds available: the baked sort and the flaky fried type. To lower costs, potatoes are often added as an extender, while another filling is kutsay, or garlic chives (kutsay in Cebuano and Tagalog; 韭菜 kú-chhài in Lan-nang).
Another traditional Filipino empanada which is currently experiencing a revival is the empanada de calisquis, which has a very flaky, crust somewhat similar to flaky pastry, but has a crunchier mouth-feel due to it being deep-fried. Calisquis (kaliskis) translates to (fish) scales, as the flakes of the crust resemble scales coming off.
Empanadas in the northern part of the Ilocos are different. These usually have savoury fillings of green papaya, mung beans, and sometimes chopped Ilocano sausage (chorizo) and egg yolk. Rather than the soft, sweet dough favoured in the Tagalog region, the dough used to enclose the filling is thin and crisp, mostly because Ilocano empanadas use rice flour coloured orange with achuete (annatto), and is deep-fried rather than baked.
Puerto Rican cuisine has several dishes related to the empanada. The closest to those of neighboring countries is called empanadilla (little empanada). The empanadilla is made of wheat or cassava flour dough, lard and sometimes vinegar. It is filled with chicken, picadillo, chorizo, or turkey, spinach, cheese, marinara sauce, and mozzarella (known as an empanadilla de pizza or an empanadilla de lasagna) or cheese with fruit. Cassava empanadas are usually filled with seafood. They are very popular as beach food and in cuchifrito stands.
Puerto Rican cuisine include several types of wrapped boiled dumplings which they call pasteles and empanadas, although these empanadas are less closely related to the baked empanadas made in other countries and regions. Pasteles are typically made of mashed plantain, with fillings such as diced roast pork and peas, while empanadas are typically made of yuca, lard and annatto, filled with pork and chopped olives. Pasteles are usually wrapped in butcher paper tied with string, while empanadas are usually wrapped in banana leaves, thought the wrappings are interchangeable.
A similar dish is the pastelillo, which uses a higher proportion of lard and adds annatto powder in the pastry mix, making it yellow in color, and fried. Common fillings are cheese, guava paste, beef, crab, fish or chicken. They may also be found in the varieties of pizza or lasagna. These should not be confused with another form of pastelillo, which uses puff pastry, is filled with either meat or fruit paste (mostly guava) and either left plain or topped with powdered sugar or sugar glaze/honey.
The Puerto Rican empanadilla pastry should not be confused with what is known as an empanada in Puerto Rico, which is steak, chicken breast, or fish fillet breaded in flour and fried, much like Wiener Schnitzel.
In Spain, empanadas and empanadillas are two different types of cooking a similar thing. Empanadillas are often made from a rather thin, pliant, but resilient wheat pastry, cut into a round shape, stuffed and folded. The filling varies, but tuna, sardines, or meat are used most commonly in a tomato puree, garlic and onion sauce. Spanish empanadillas are often fried in olive oil but can also be found baked.
In Galicia, the empanada can also be prepared similar to a pie, with a variety of fillings like cod, pork loin, cocles, mussels, or octopus, the empanada galega (Spanish: empanada gallega). Empanadas can be eaten at any time of the day.
In Sri Lanka, empanadas are called "patties", and are made with a tuna and potato filling. Patties are either baked or deep fried in coconut oil.
See Cornish Pasty.
Creole cuisine empanadas are commonly eaten in the United States, especially in the South and the Southwest. In Louisiana, empanadas are savory meat pies, commonly made in South and North Louisiana by Creoles. They are a half-circle flaky crust, filled with seasoned pork, beef, chicken, and cheese. In the Southeastern United States, a similarly prepared dessert is referred to as "fried pies". They typically consist of a pastry filled with a filling made from fresh or reconstituted dried fruit such as apples, apricots, peaches or sweet potatoes. The filling is placed in a dough circle, folded over in half, and then fried.
Among the Spanish and Mexican families who colonized New Mexico, a winter tradition consists of gathering to making sweetmeat empanadas for Christmas. These small empanadas are made with hand-ground cooked pork, sugar, toasted local piñon, cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg, sealed in tortilla-like dough, then deep-fried in lard until lightly golden brown. Variations include making them from beef, and using different nuts or spices. Gathering the family to make and share these sweetmeat empanadas is one of many traditional New Mexico foodways that continues to thrive.
Uruguayan empanadas are generally made from wheat flour and can be fried or baked. There were introduced by the Spanish and Italian settlers in the middle of the 20th century. The most common empanadas are those with beef, but also other kinds, such as ham and cheese, olives, fish and spicy stuffing are made.
Venezuelan empanadas use corn flour-based dough and are fried in oil or lard. The stuffing varies according to region; most common are white salty cheese, shredded chicken or beef and ground beef.
Other types use fish (shredded school shark or cazón), caraotas or black beans, llanero white cheese, guiso (meat or chicken stew made with capers, red bell peppers, tomatoes, onions, garlic, olives, panela, red wine, and Worcestershire sauce). Oysters, clams, shrimp, and other types of seafood are used as fillings in the coastal areas, especially on Margarita Island. Also, it can be made of fried ripe plantains (tajadas) and white cheese, which has a sweet flavour.
An empanada filled with meat, black beans (Venezuelan-style), and fried ripe plantains (tajadas) is called empanada de pabellón, after Venezuela's national dish, the pabellón criollo.
When the empanada is cut open after deep frying, and doctored with added fillings, it is called empanada operada, a term which refers to a surgical intervention (operación in Spanish).
The empanadas can be eaten at any time of the day, but are usually consumed as a breakfast, and are frequently served with guasacaca and/or hot sauce.
To distinguish the types of empanadas in Venezuela, it is common to call those made with a wheat flour-based dough (or pastry) and baked empanada Chilena; Venezuelan empanadas are made with a corn flour-based dough.
The Virgin Islands version of empanadas are called pâtés. They are served as a snack or street food. Filled with beef, chicken, saltfish, conch, lobster, or vegetables, pâtés are made with flour and are usually fried.
Many other world cuisines have dishes very similar to the empanada. These include:
- Bánh gối (bánh xếp) and other types of bánh from Vietnam
- Börek and pogača from Turkey and areas of the former Ottoman Empire
- Bridie, baked pastry filled with spiced beef and onions, from Forfar, Scotland.
- Calzone and panzerotti from Italy
- Curry puff from Malaysia and countries with Malay populations
- Goat roti, goat curry in flatbread from the east of India
- Gujia from India filled with sugared coconut, nuts, and sweets, but no meat
- Jamaican patty
- Jiaozi from China, also called mandu in Korea and gyōza in Japan
- Kajjikaya from Andhra Pradesh, India, similar to fried empanadas filled with sweetened, dried coconut
- Khuushuur, from Mongolia, commonly made with mutton or beef, or whitefish when within the vicinity of Lake Khuvsgul.
- Kibbeh, from Lebanon/Levant, with lamb meat encased in bulgur dough
- Karanji from Maharashtra, India, filled with fried and sugared coconut
- Knish, a dish associated with Ashkenazi Jews.
- Knysh, a dish from Ukraine
- Kubdari, a traditional dish of Svan people in Georgia
- Momo, deep-fried, from Tibet, Nepal, and northeast India
- 'Mpanatigghi, a traditional dish of Modica
- Natchitoches meat pie, fried or baked pastry turnover filled with ground beef, pork, onion, garlic, and spices
- Pastel, a similar Brazilian dish with a more flaky, pastry-type crust
- Pasty, Cornish baked pastry filled with beef and potato, from Cornwall, England
- Pierogi, bierock and runza from Slavic countries and the Midwest United States
- Pīragi or pīrādziņi from Latvia
- Pirozhki, from Russia and nearby countries
- Samosa, from South Asia
- Scovardă, mainly used in the plural scoverzi, from Romania, especially Transylvania, fried in a pan and usually filled with various types of cheese, with or without dill
- Stromboli (which is Italian American)
- Hot Pockets, prepared, mass-marketed food from the United States
- Strudel, from Germany and areas of the former Habsburg Empire
- "Historia de la empanada criolla". Dra. Susana Barberis. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
- Penelope Casas (1982), The Food, Wines, and Cheeses of Spain, Alfred A. Knopf, New York 1982 (p. 52)
- "Breve historia de la alimentación en Argentina". Liliana Agrasar. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
- Adamson, Melitta Weiss (2004). Food in medieval times. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-32147-7.
- Lady Brighid ni Chiarain. "An English translation of Ruperto de Nola's 'Libre del Coch'". Stefan's Florilegium, http://www.florilegium.org. Retrieved January 31, 2011.
- Clifford A. Wright (1999), A Mediterranean Feast, William Morrow, New York (p. 573)
- "Empanadas "The Story"". Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- "Argentine Atún Empanadas". Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- Hamilton, Cherie. 'Cuisines of Portuguese Encounters' Hippocrene Books. 2001.
- Chamorro empanada recipe,
- Ian Ocampo Flora (April 23, 2010). "Vigan Empanada and the gastronomic treats of Ilocos". http://www.sunstar.com.ph. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
- "Vigan Empanada". http://www.fliptravels.com. Apr 29, 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
- "Yuca Empanadas: Special Puerto Rican Empanadas are Tender and Tasty". Goya.com. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- "Pasteles". elboricua.com. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- yam reference
- yam reference
- yam empanada receipe
- How to Make Empanadas—Step-by-step guide with pictures on how to make empanadas.