Mathematics, Grade 2
Student Learning Profile
Within a well-balanced mathematics curriculum, the primary focal points at Second Grade are making comparisons within the base-10 place value system, solving problems with addition and subtraction within 1,000, and building foundations for multiplication.
The student will:
- Apply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace.
- Use a problem-solving model that incorporates formulating a plan or strategy, justifying the solution, and evaluating the problem-solving process and the reasonableness of the solution.
- Select tools, including real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil as appropriate, and techniques, including mental math, estimation, and number sense as appropriate, to solve problems.
- Communicate mathematical ideas and reasoning using multiple representations, including symbols, diagrams, graphs, and language as appropriate.
- Analyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideas.
- Display, explain, and justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language in written or oral communication.
- Use concrete and pictorial models to compose and decompose numbers up to 1,200 in more than one way as a sum of so many thousands, hundreds, tens, and ones.
- Use standard, word, and expanded forms to represent numbers up to 1,200.
- Generate a number that is greater than or less than a given whole number up to 1,200.
- Use place value to compare and order whole numbers up to 1,200 using comparative language, numbers, and symbols (>, <, or =).
- Locate the position of a given whole number on an open number line.
- Name the whole number that corresponds to a specific point on a number line.
- Partition objects into equal parts and name the parts, including halves, fourths, and eighths, using words.
- Explain that the more fractional parts used to make a whole, the smaller the part; and the fewer the fractional parts, the larger the part.
- Use concrete models to count fractional parts beyond one whole using words and recognize how many parts it takes to equal one whole.
- Identify examples and non-examples of halves, fourths, and eighths.
- Recall basic facts to add and subtract within 20 with automaticity.
- Add up to four two-digit numbers and subtract two-digit numbers using mental strategies and algorithms based on knowledge of place value and properties of operations.
- Solve one-step and multi-step word problems involving addition and subtraction within 1,000 using a variety of strategies based on place value, including algorithms.
- Generate and solve problem situations for a given mathematical number sentence involving addition and subtraction of whole numbers within 1,000.
- Determine the value of a collection of coins up to one dollar.
- Use the cent symbol, dollar sign, and the decimal point to name the value of a collection of coins.
- Model, create, and describe contextual multiplication situations in which equivalent sets of concrete objects are joined.
- Model, create, and describe contextual division situations in which a set of concrete objects is separated into equivalent sets.
- Determine whether a number up to 40 is even or odd using pairings of objects to represent the number.
- Use an understanding of place value to determine the number that is 10 or 100 more or less than a given number up to 1,200.
- Represent and solve addition and subtraction word problems where unknowns may be any one of the terms in the problem.
- Create two-dimensional shapes based on given attributes, including number of sides and vertices.
- Classify and sort three-dimensional solids, including spheres, cones, cylinders, rectangular prisms (including cubes as special rectangular prisms), and triangular prisms, based on attributes using formal geometric language.
- Classify and sort polygons with 12 or fewer sides according to attributes, including identifying the number of sides and number of vertices.
- Compose two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional solids with given properties or attributes.
- Decompose two-dimensional shapes such as cutting out a square from a rectangle, dividing a shape in half, or partitioning a rectangle into identical triangles and identify the resulting geometric parts.
- Find the length of objects using concrete models for standard units of length.
- Describe the inverse relationship between the size of the unit and the number of units needed to equal the length of an object.
- Represent whole numbers as distances from any given location on a number line.
- Determine the length of an object to the nearest marked unit using rulers, yardsticks, meter sticks, or measuring tapes.
- Determine a solution to a problem involving length, including estimating lengths.
- Use concrete models of square units to find the area of a rectangle by covering it with no gaps or overlaps, counting to find the total number of square units, and describing the measurement using a number and the unit.
- Read and write time to the nearest one-minute increment using analog and digital clocks and distinguish between a.m. and p.m.
- Explain that the length of a bar in a bar graph or the number of pictures in a pictograph represents the number of data points for a given category.
- Organize a collection of data with up to four categories using pictographs and bar graphs with intervals of one or more.
- Write and solve one-step word problems involving addition or subtraction using data represented within pictographs and bar graphs with intervals of one.
- Draw conclusions and make predictions from information in a graph.
- Calculate how money saved can accumulate into a larger amount over time.
- Explain that saving is an alternative to spending.
- Distinguish between a deposit and a withdrawal.
- Identify examples of borrowing and distinguish between responsible and irresponsible borrowing.
- Identify examples of lending and use concepts of benefits and costs to evaluate lending decisions.
- Differentiate between producers and consumers and calculate the cost to produce a simple item.