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BiologyAdults occur in estuaries and freshwater habitats, frequently where mangrove are abundant. Presence of toxic buccal glands associated with the grooved canines. This is avoided by predators which even reject it unharmed if they try to ingest it. Oviparous. Eggs are demersal and adhesive (Ref. 205), and are attached to the substrate via a filamentous, adhesive pad or pedestal (Ref. 94114). Larvae are planktonic, often found in shallow, coastal waters (Ref. 94114). Both fang and venom gland is present (Ref. 57406).