Are the following phrases acceptable?
1. Mike shouted with a sharp voice.
2. Mike let out a shrill voice.
Not really — they're unidiomatic.
1. 'Sharp' can mean 'piercing or penetrating', but it doesn't sit well with a man's voice to me. '. . .a strident voice' might be better.
2. 'Mike let out a shrill cry.' (You don't let out a voice.)