Issue No.01 - January (1968 vol.17)
K. C. Knowlton , Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., Murray Hill, N. J.
A scheme is proposed for automatically detecting many programming errors; in particular, those errors which can cause a program to misbehave in different ways, depending upon how the faulty program and its data are mapped into storage. Error detection is accomplished by simultaneously running two versions of a program which purport to be logically identical, with appropriate hardware checking between them.
K. C. Knowlton, "A Combination Hardware-Software Debugging System", IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol.17, no. 1, pp. 84-86, January 1968, doi:10.1109/TC.1968.5008877