Unlike the damage to cartilage caused by arthritis, damage caused by chondromalacia can often heal. Conservative treatment is usually recommended first since rest and physical therapy may eliminate the symptoms.
First, the inflammation caused by chondromalacia must be allowed to subside. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication may be prescribed to reduce the discomfort of the condition. For several weeks, patients should avoid activities that cause knee pain. Then, activity can be gradually increased.
During this time, low-impact activities, such as swimming, can help an athlete keep in shape, while avoiding running or activities that stress the knee. Once the inflammation has subsided, physical therapy can focus on strengthening and increasing the flexibility of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups.
If conservative treatment for several months fails, surgery may be recommended. A surgeon can look into the knee to assess cartilage damage by using an arthroscope (a surgical instrument for the visual examination of the interior of a joint). The physician can also determine if there is an anatomic misalignment that needs to be surgically corrected. If the tissue on the outside of the kneecap is too tight, it can make the patella track abnormally. Lateral release, a surgical procedure where the tight lateral ligaments are cut thus allowing for the patella to move normally, may be recommended. In rare cases, more extensive surgery may be required.