Archaeologists say they have discovered an ancient Teotihuacan settlement in central Mexico City, 30 miles (50 kilometers) from the pyramids where the culture flourished nearly 2,000 years ago.
The discovery of structures and tools on a hill just behind the landmark Chapultepec Castle in December suggests that the Teotihuacan culture spread and influenced the area around Mexico City even earlier than previously thought, archaeologists said Wednesday while giving reporters a tour of the site.
The ancient city of Teotihuacan lies north of modern Mexico City. It remains largely a mystery, and was so even for the Aztecs, who are credited with founding Mexico City in the 1300s.
Teotihuacan, one of the largest cities in the world around the time of Christ, had an estimated 150,000 inhabitants, and influenced art and architecture as far away as the Yucatan Peninsula. However, it had been abandoned and crumbling for centuries by the time of the Aztecs.
The artifacts discovered Wednesday may push the date of Mexico City's founding back to the classic Teotihuacan period of 300-600.
Scattered settlements and relics dating to the time before the Aztecs previously have been found on the outskirts of modern Mexico City, but few have been found so close to the island that formed the Aztec city's center.
What was found
Relics found in the 20-square-yard (meter) excavation include six pairs of ceramic urns of Teotihuacan style. The purpose of the urns is unclear, but archaeologists suspect they may have been used to hold the remains of children sacrificed to the god of rain.
The other relics found included ceramic domestic tools, a bone needle, and a figurine presumed to be used in rituals.
In another 6-square-yard dig, officials uncovered remnants of a stone wall and floor dating from the same period.
"This is a very important discovery, one that is just beginning," said Maria de la Luz Moreno Cabrera, the archaeologist leading the investigation. "It is very exciting to find such a site ... it helps to show the real historical importance of this area."
These are the first remains to be found in Chapultepec park, which served as a retreat for rulers from Aztec kings to Emperor Maximilian.
The castle was built in 1784 as a residence for the Spanish viceroys. Its construction likely destroyed evidence of the ancient civilization, some of which may have survived on the surrounding hillside.
The new site's excavation began when the National Historical Museum undertook a complete restoration of the castle in 1998. Pre-Hispanic vestiges were discovered underneath the castle's structure and in the surrounding hill.
New excavations on the southern and western flanks of the hill are now being proposed.
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