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|Culture & Science - Ecology and Environment|
|Tuesday, 28 October 2008 15:15|
Smog surrounds us in modern cities, some greater degree, in others a lesser amount. What is smog? It is a form of air pollution.
The English word smog comes from a mixture of smoke and fog (smoke and fog), and get that nickname because he looks like a dirty fog, though it is a cloud of smoke.
The typical smog results from large amounts of air pollution, especially smoke from burning coal and gas emissions from cars and industries.
When these pollutants combine with a period of high pressure, this causes the air to stagnate and form a mist rather than composed of suspended water droplets, is composed of contaminated air.
The acid rain can be a kind of sulphurous smog that is not always as rain, but also in the form of fog.
But the typical smog in large cities that have no good amount of wind, is the photochemical smog. It combines nitrogen oxides and VOCs (volatile organic compounds) that are caused by vehicles burning and fossil fuel. When these gases emitted by the exhaust pipes come into contact with solar radiation are catalyzed to form ozone and PAN. This darkens the atmosphere and give those who have pardorojizos sunsets Los Angeles, for example.
Smog and Health
The smog is harmful to the health of people in various aspects. Irritating to eyes and respiratory system (nose, throat) worldwide, but the sulfur dioxide, the nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide more severely affect the elderly and children, also to people with diseases and cardiac especially those with lung problems like asthma, bronchitis or emphysema.
The problem of smog in large cities can decrease lung capacity, and cause shortness of breath, cough, sore throat.
Smog in the world
The worst cities with respect to smog, are not receiving consistent and strong winds, often those in closed valleys near the coast, etc..
Examples of constant smoggy cities are Santiago de Chile, Chile, Mexico City, Mexico, Los Angeles, USA, London, England.
Santiago and Mexico have the problem of being locked up, and are not swept away by strong winds. They are located at high altitude, then anchored the cold air keeps the smog.
London smog suffered greatly in the past but have improved various ordinances to prohibit industries air, creating smoke-free zones, prohibiting entry to the downtown area of automobiles, etc..
Los Angeles, is a depression surrounded by mountains, making it can not escape the smog. Not to mention that one of the most polluting cities, so do not do much to reduce smog.