Racism Now, there is a great deal more tolerance for other races In surveys, people say they are not offended by interracial marriage Nonetheless, racism is still present in our society 1949, Merton developed a typology on prejudice and discrimination Prejudiced (the thought) Discrimination (the act) Discriminator P-D (All-weather bigot) NP-D (Fair-weather liberal) Non-discriminator P-ND (timid bigot) NP-ND (all weather liberal) Racism has not gone, but has changed Our society is set up in a way that has racist ideals In the US, ethnicity is connected to race Most people in the US don?t have a particularly clear sense of what ethnicity is in the abstract They might be able to describe characteristics of their own group, but not so much other groups Ethnicity We tend to think of race as black vs. white and ethnicity for other groups While race is based on the social meanings given to physical characteristics, ethnic groups are typically understood by their cultural characteristics 4 Primary Ways Ethnicity is used in Sociology Understand ethnicity as a super-category In this sense, an ethnic group refers to a group of people who share a common sense of destiny and belonging (derived from Max Weber) Shared belief in: a common history, kinship, culture of language, sense of mythic or religious destiny, attachment to a homeland, self-recognition In this sense, racial groups are one kind of ethnic group. Certain religious groups and national groups can qualify. Very inclusive. To see ethnicity and race as totally separate categories Very typical American, ethnocentric approach Whites have ethnic identities Non-white or blacks have racial identities Describe European-Americans from specific regions Ethnicity reserved to Europeans and their regions Narrow Only whites are understood in regards to their heritage To include everyone by leaving the discussion of race out All groupings should be reframed (afro-Americans, euro-Americans, etc.) Non-white groups have suffered the most inequality but this system sort of creates a misleading sense of equivalence This view is the basis of the ideology of colorblindness There are real political consequences to choosing one of these Professor Anderson chooses Weber?s one: Ethnic groups are more than racial groups (they have so many characteristics that other groups also have) In the US, the master system of classification is still race In India, ethnic system is a caste system Switzerland, ethnic system based on nationality Three dominant ethnic groups are French, German, and Italian Iraq, ethnic system based on both religion and nationality Sunni vs. Shi?a, Kurds Patterns Heterogeneous ethnic system- Dominant group exists Pluralistic or multiculturalistic- many different groups are coexisting and feel well-represented within society Integration- no one group is dominant. National identity is shaped by immigration and emigration In US, these patterns have respective names as well Anglo-conformity or Americanism Past oriented and origins based system A sort of nostalgia for all things British Nativism (except it totally weeds out Native Americans) Presentist and pragmatic Present oriented We need to get along with each other and we need to all be a part of society Melting pot Future-oriented (as each group enters, the result is everchanging) Our system of ethnic stratification is less evident Three tiers White Anglo-Saxon Protestants Other whites and Asians Other racial groups This system is not evenly spaced out Two top tiers are relatively close (differing mostly by political power) Two bottom tiers are far apart Mary Waters As experienced by whites, ethnicity is a very positive thing Ethnicity is voluntary Experienced by whites largely as symbolic As experienced by non-whites, it is much different Based on race, we begin to make assumptions about people?s cultures Her article should make us aware of the fact that not everyone sees ethnicity as a positive twice a year event, for some groups, ethnicity is celebrated everyday Now, there has been ?ethnic cleansing? in nations all over Africa and other parts of the world We must recognize that this is still going on In the US, we tend to think of ethnicity as fairly benign Totally spaced out here for like 10 minutes Before WWII, only wanted immigrants from NW Europe After WWII (US was thriving), melting pot theory was in effect Mexicans are the fastest-growing population 40% of immigrants came illegally When they have high levels of education, we see them as special (mostly from India, middle-East) We are concerned with their ethnicity One of the biggest concerns we have is whether or not immigrants will assimilate
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