One of the first things that we notice when we see a person are his/her eyes and infact, eyes are amongst the primary features that attract us towards an individual. Even in case of eyes, the aspect that first comes into notice is the eye color. Eye color is basically a polygenic trait of an individual. It is determined by the amount and type of pigments present in the iris of the eyes. In this context, three elements are mainly considered, namely the melanin content of the iris pigment epithelium, the melanin content within the iris stroma and the cellular density of the iris stroma. The main reason for difference in the eye colors of individuals is the melanin content within the iris stroma. Read on to know more about various eye colors.
Types of Eye Colors
Given below is information on the most common as well as the most rare eye colors in human beings.
Most Common Eye Colors
The eye color that can be described as the most common amongst human beings is brown, with the exception of countries around the Baltic Sea. It is the result of the presence of large amounts of melanin (eumelanin) within the iris stroma. People who have very dark brown irises might give the appearance of having black eyes.
Another common eye color is hazel. Hazel eyes are the result of a combination of a Rayleigh scattering and a modest amount of melanin in the front border layer of the iris. Hazel eye color has also been defined as the medium-color between light brown and dark green. Hazel is common amongst people in America and Europe, while rare in African, Middle Eastern and Asian people.
Gray eye color is considered to be a darker shade of blue (like blue-green). This eye color is related to low melanin in the iris and is related to scant pigmentation throughout the body (like pale skin, light hair, etc). Gray eyes have been found to reveal small amounts of yellow and brown color in the iris. European people, belonging to countries like Russia, Finland and the Baltic States, often have gray eyes, while those in Southeast Asia rarely have this eye color. Gray eyes might seem to change between the shades of blue, green and gray, mainly because of the lighting changes.
Blue eyes are quite common amongst people, especially those born in Germany, Netherlands, Iceland, Austria, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, and Estonia. The reason behind this eye color is low amounts of melanin within the iris stroma. In Central Asia and Middle East, blue eyes are pretty rare. Since the production of melanin generally increases during the first few years of life, the blue eyes of some babies might darken as they get older.
Rarest Eye Colors
Amber eyes can be defined as the ones having a strong yellowish/golden and russet/coppery tint. The reason behind amber eyes is the deposition of ‘lipochrome’, the yellow pigment, in the iris. It is a very rare eye color and also known as ‘wolf eyes’, since amber eye color is very common in wolves.
Green eye color is amongst the rarest eye color, with only 1-2% of the world's population born with green eyes. The reason for green eye color is the production of moderate amounts of melanin. People born in Northern Europe and Nordic countries (like Iceland, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Germany, and Netherlands) usually have green eyes.
Violet eyes are mainly seen in albinos. In effect, the eyes of some albinos appear to be violet because of the mixing of red and blue reflections. Violet eyes are either a form of blue eyes or a mutation.
Red is probably the rarest eye color amongst the human population of the world. It is mainly seen in case of albinos and is the result of either large quantities of the ‘normally scarce’ red areas in the eyes or a small leakage of blood into the iris.
Black is amongst the rarest eye colors in the world. Most of the people who appear to have black eyes have, infact, extremely dark brown eyes that seem to be black.