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The Correctionsby Jonathan Franzen
Reading Group Guide
1. Consider the atmosphere of suburban St. Jude (named for the patron saint of hopeless causes) in comparison to the more sophisticated surroundings of Philadelphia and New York. Why has the Lamberts neighborhood evolved into a gerontocratic refuge? “What Gary hated most about the Midwest was how unpampered and unprivileged he felt in it” (p. 178). What negative and positive qualities are attributed to the Midwest? How are the characters shaped by the cities or towns they live in?
2. What is the significance of “one last Christmas”? Is Enids obsession with the holidays predictable for a mother of her generation or is it, as Gary fears, “a symptom of a larger malaise” (p. 148)?
3. Why does it take so long for the Lamberts to acknowledge the seriousness of Alfreds illness? Is Als deteriorating mental health solely a result of Parkinsons disease? How are his physical deterioration and mental decline linked? “Irresponsibility and undiscipline were the bane of his existence, and it was another instance of that Devils logic that his own untimely affliction should consist of his bodys refusal to obey him” (p. 67). Why are these ailments especially humiliating for Alfred?
4. Novels written in the nineteenth century often have plots with many characters and story lines. Novels from the 1980s and 1990s often have spare plots with minimalist characters. What is the books relation to these two models? Which elements of the books style seem especially modern and which more traditional?
5. What role does corporate America play in this story? Consider the Midland Pacific takeover, Als connections with the Axon Corporation, and Brians dealings with the W—— Corporation. What are the lessons of Chips Consuming Narratives class? Are they accurate and relevant? How should we view Melissas critique of them (pp. 42-44)?
6. What is the source of Gary and Carolines marital problems? Whose version of the truth do you believe? Why does Gary feel so alienated from Caleb and Aaron? What draws him to Jonah? Compare this family with the glimpses we have of the young Lamberts. In what ways is Gary different, as a father, from Alfred?
7. What is your impression of Enid and Alfreds marriage? Which version of their marriage do you believe—Enids image of Al as a pessimistic brooder or Als image of Enid as an unrealistic optimist? In what ways do Enids capacity for hope and Alfreds low expectations manifest themselves? How do their temperamental differences play out in the course of the narrative?
8. “The family was the houses soul” (p. 269). Analyze the symbolism of the Lambert home in St. Jude. How does its meaning change over the years? Consider Enids stockpiles of expired coupons and Als catalog of compulsive repairs. Compare this home with the other domestic spaces in the book. How have the Lambert children reacted to the clutter and careful economy of the house they grew up in?
9. How would you define the members of the Lambert family based on their traits? Which are shared traits and which are specific to an individual? How would these characters describe themselves? If “who a person was was what a person wanted” (p. 539), who are the Lamberts?
10. Discuss the alliances that formed in the Lambert family after the children left home. What occurrences might account for Denises loyalty to Al and for Chip and Garys sympathy for Enid? How do these alliances shift during the course of the novel?
11. Why does Denise choose to lose her virginity to Don Armour? Which qualities of her co- worker simultaneously attract and repel her? Why does Al sacrifice his job for Denises privacy?
12. What is the significance of the title The Corrections? How does the idea of “corrections” play out during the course of the story? What does “What made correction possible also doomed it” (p. 281) mean?
13. Why is Denise drawn to both Robin and Brian? How attractive are they as characters? How does Denises attraction to Robin initially manifest itself? Why is she unable to make a life with Robin?
14. What is revealed about the dynamics of the young Lambert family during the liver dinner? When Al finds Chip asleep at the dinner table, what upsets him more: concern for his son or disgust with Enid? Do we know the source of Enids neglect? “There was something almost tasty and almost sexy in letting the annoying boy be punished by her husband” (p. 263). To what extent are the books children shaped by their upbringing, and to what extent is their character predetermined?
15. How do technology and consumerism infiltrate the lives of the characters? Are cell phones and the spy gadgets that Caleb craves symptoms of a problem in our society? How does consumerism relate to the problem of what Gary calls anhedonia—”a psychological condition characterized by inability to experience pleasure in normally pleasurable acts” (p. 165)?
16. What do Chips relationships with women reveal about his character? How does his attitude toward women change over the course of the novel? Considering the details of his earlier relationships, does it seem probable that his marriage to Alison Schulman will survive? How did his time in Lithuania prepare Chip to deal with Alfreds decline and death?
17. Why does Denise tell Chip not to pay back the money she has lent him? What does the use of the word “forgive” suggest in Denises plea to her brother?
18. How would you describe Franzens narrative style? How deeply does he sympathize with his characters? Does the tone of the novel change? Examine the evolution of Enids character, from housewife to the liberated woman at the end of the novel who feels that “nothing could kill her hope now” (p. 568). Is there evidence that her liberation is not entirely a good thing?
19. How does the issue of class play out during the course of the novel? In what different ways does class drive Enids behavior on the cruise and propel Denises decision to sleep with Don Armour? How does concern over class status affect Gary and Caroline or Brian and Robin?
20. Is Alfreds death the key to Enids happiness? How does the quality of her life change once Al is hospitalized? What reaction do his children have to his death? Are we meant to believe that their fathers death is the catalyst for their “corrections”? For how much of the unhappiness in the Lambert household was Al responsible?
21. Are elements of the Lambert family universal characteristics of the American family? How do the world in general and family life in particular change during the half century that the novel spans? In what ways is life better now than when the Lambert children were young? In what ways is it worse?
22. Which character has undergone the most fundamental change? Is the change positive or negative? Have any of the characters evolved enough for their “corrections” to endure? Are these corrections deliberate, or are they the result of outside occurrences that force the characters to change?
23. Discuss the different moral codes members of the Lambert family adhere to. Consider Enids fear of her childrens “immorality,” Garys obsession with Carolines dishonesty, Alfreds refusal to engage in insider trading, Denises rage at Gary for having betrayed the sibling code of honor, and Chips animus against the W—— Corporation and big business in general. Which of these judgments seem most valid? Does the book favor one moral view over another?
24. How does Americas long-standing fascination with the notion of progress manifest itself in the story of each character? How does the novel, in its entirety, stand in relation to the American ideas of self-improvement as well as social and technological progress?
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