Student Innovator at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Aims To Make Bridges and Buildings More Resilient to Earthquakes
Source Newsroom: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI)
Navid Attary Is One of Three Finalists for the $30,000 2013 Lemelson-Rensselaer Student Prize
Newswise — Troy, N.Y.—Navid Attary has created a seismic protection device to boost the resiliency of bridges and buildings to earthquakes. His innovation, which uses a new and novel method to dissipate the destructive forces of earthquakes, could help save countless lives and prevent billions of dollars of damage around the world every year.
Attary, a student in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, is one of three finalists for the 2013 $30,000 Lemelson-Rensselaer Student Prize. A public ceremony announcing this year’s winner will be held at 3:30 p.m. on Tuesday, March 5, in the auditorium of the Rensselaer Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies. For more information on the ceremony visit: http://www.eng.rpi.edu/lemelson
Attary’s project is titled “A Revolution in Earthquake Protection Devices: Rotation-Based Mechanical Adaptive Passive Device.” His faculty adviser is Michael Symans, associate professor of civil and environmental engineering.
Individuals in every corner of the world know of the danger presented by earthquakes. Hundreds of seismic events occur without incident every day, but powerful temblors can throw a city, region, or entire nation into upheaval in a matter of seconds. Potent examples are the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan, which resulted in an estimated 15,000 deaths, 45,000 destroyed buildings, and $300 billion in damage. A year earlier, the 2010 Haiti earthquake caused an estimated 316,000 deaths, with 250,000 residencies, and 30,000 commercial buildings collapsed or destroyed.
It is beyond humanity’s ability to prevent earthquakes, but structural and earthquake engineers throughout history have developed strategies for strengthening structures and reducing the damage dealt by earthquakes. For reducing damage, most seismic protection systems used today work by dissipating, or damping, the energy created by quakes. Passive dampers are not unlike shock absorbers in automobiles, and they usually feature a cylinder containing fluid and a piston that drives the fluid through the device. This helps redirect earthquake energy from the frame of the building or bridge to the damping device, which then harmlessly dissipates the energy in the form of heat.
While reliable and long-lived, these passive dampers have limited effectiveness because they cannot adapt to each earthquake’s unique movement patterns. Active dampers are smarter and able to respond to many different types of movement, but these electronic devices are expensive to maintain, and cease to function if power is lost during an earthquake.
Attary’s solution to this problem was to create a new type of seismic protection device that adapts to different types of movement, but requires no electricity and no expensive maintenance. He invented a rotation-based mechanical adaptive passive device, or RB-MAP, which is comprised of a meticulously engineered collection of gears, pre-torqued springs, and damping devices that can be installed underneath a bridge or inside the wall of a building. The RB-MAP takes advantage of a concept called “negative stiffness” to reduce the earthquake energy transferred into the structure. The RB-MAP can passively adapt to different types of earthquakes, as specific movements will cause selective engagement or disengagement of the gears and the damping device.
Initial testing has shown that Attary’s RB-MAP can reduce the force in structures during earthquakes by up to 60 percent. The device is inexpensive to build, and small and compact enough to be practical to install inside structures. Overall, Attary’s patent-pending technology could open the door to a new generation of seismic protection devices that help save lives and minimize destruction during earthquakes.
Attary was fascinated with physics and waves in high school, and became interested in earthquake engineering and waves following the tragic 2003 Bam earthquake in his home country of Iran.
When not in the lab or classroom, Attary is spending time with his wife, Maryam, and their newborn daughter, Atefeh. In his hometown of Karaj in Iran, not far from Tehran, Attary’s father, a retired botany professor, and his mother, a retired high school science teacher, as well as his older brother and younger sister, are all cheering for him to win the $30,000 Lemelson-Rensselaer Student Prize.
In his time at Rensselaer, Attary has been the co-author of several conference papers on this topic and has presented his research at major research conferences. Additionally, for his RB-MAP research and efforts, Attary was named one of 10 winners of the 2012 Rensselaer “Change the World Challenge” competition. Last year he was also named the winner of the 2012 Rensselaer Founders Award of Excellence, which recognizes students who “embody qualities of creativity, discovery, leadership, and the values of pride and responsibility at Rensselaer.” The Founders Award is one of the highest honors bestowed to students at Rensselaer.
Attary received his bachelor’s degree in civil engineering from the Iran University of Science and Technology, and his master’s degree in civil engineering from the University of Tehran. Upon completing his doctoral degree from Rensselaer, Attary plans to commercialize his RB-MAP technology and seek out a faculty position at a research university.
About the $30,000 Lemelson-Rensselaer Student Prize
The $30,000 Lemelson-Rensselaer Student Prize is funded through a partnership with the Lemelson-MIT Program, which has awarded the $30,000 Lemelson-MIT Student Prize to outstanding student inventors at MIT since 1995.
About The Lemelson-MIT Program
Celebrating innovation, inspiring youth
The Lemelson-MIT Program celebrates outstanding innovators and inspires young people to pursue creative lives and careers through invention.
Jerome H. Lemelson, one of U.S. history’s most prolific inventors, and his wife, Dorothy, founded the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1994. It is funded by The Lemelson Foundation and administered by the School of Engineering. The Lemelson Foundation uses the power of invention to improve lives by inspiring and enabling the next generation of inventors and invention-based enterprises to promote economic growth in the United States and social and economic progress for the poor in developing countries. http://web.mit.edu/invent/
Read about past winners of the $30,000 Lemelson-Rensselaer Student Prize:
• Student Innovator Uses Graphene Foam To Detect Subtle Traces of Hazardous Gases and Explosives
Fazel Yavari’s graphene innovation is a new sensor to detect extremely small quantities of hazardous gases
• Student Innovator Uses Sound Waves, T-Rays for Safer Detection of Bombs and Other Dangerous Materials
Benjamin Clough’s invention increases distance between first responders and potential threats
• Helping Hydrogen: Student Inventor Tackles Challenge of Hydrogen Storage
Javad Rafiee’s graphene innovation could lead to more efficient hydrogen-powered vehicles
• Student Developer of Versatile “G-gels” Wins $30,000 Lemelson-Rensselaer Prize
Yuehua “Tony” Yu’s innovation could lead to new medical devices, drug-delivery technologies
• Student Develops New LED, Wins $30,000 Lemelson-Rensselaer Prize
Martin Schubert’s polarized LED could improve LCD displays, save energy
• Handheld “T-Ray” Device Earns New $30,000 Lemelson-Rensselaer Student Prize
Brian Schulkin’s “Mini-Z” spots cracks in space shuttle foam, detects tumors in tissue