US 7312721 B2
The invention includes an electronic utility meter, a data collector/meter and a method for communicating data in an automated meter reading system. The inventive method includes communicating data with a network and a first electronic utility meter, and communicating the data with the first electronic utility meter and one or more other meters.
1. A data collector, comprising:
an electronic utility meter that collects and stores billing data related to a commodity consumption; and
a network communication device for communicating with downstream utility meters and to a remote location that processes said billing data,
wherein said data collector communicates wirelessly with said downstream utility meters to read and store billing data contained in said downstream utility meters,
wherein said data collector communicates said billing data to said remote location for processing,
wherein said data collector commands said downstream utility meters to perform billing-related functions, and
wherein said data collector notifies said downstream utility meters to store a copy of current billing data and reset a peak demand at a predetermined time.
2. The data collector of
3. The data collector of
4. The data collector of
5. The data collector of
6. The data collector of
7. The data collector of
8. The data collector of
9. A method of providing a utility meter in a data collector, comprising:
collecting and storing billing data related to a commodity consumption;
communicating wirelessly with downstream utility meters to read and store billing data contained in said downstream utility meters;
communicating said billing data to said remote location for processing;
commanding said downstream utility meters to perform billing-related functions;
notifying said downstream utility meters to store a copy of current billing data; and
resetting a peak demand at a predetermined time.
10. The method of
11. The method of
12. The method of
determining if said downstream utility meters have performed said reset of said peak demand.
13. The method of
14. The method of
routing data between said downstream utility meters and said remote location.
15. The method of
communicating a time reference to said downstream utility meters.
16. The method of
registering said downstream utility meters into a sub-net of utility meters that communicate to said data collector.
The present application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/185,664, filed Jun. 27, 2002, and entitled “Dynamic Self-Configuring Metering Network,” now U.S. Pat. No. 7,119,713, which is incorporated herein by reference.
The invention relates to the field of service meters. More specifically, the invention relates to a data collector for an automated meter reading system.
Since its infancy, the electric power industry has used electromechanical meters to capture power usage. Similarly, electromechanical meters have been used for water and gas usage. In the context of electric power meters, the electromechanical meters collected little more than total power usage. Also, the electric power meters required human meter readers to travel to the millions of customer premises in order to read the usage totals captured by the meters. Over time, electromechanical meters began to be replaced by electronic meters.
Electronic meters have computer processing components that allow the meters to capture more data in an intelligent way. For example, today's meters are able to ascertain periodic usage (e.g., which time of day is more power used) or demand determinations (e.g., the peak power), power quality, and power factor considerations. In addition to capturing more data, electronic meters also are able to communicate the more detailed data to the utility over telephone lines or over wireless networks. In fact, the communication sophistication of today's meters is nearly limitless. For example, today's high cost meters are able to communicate directly with a utility's central computing system over fixed communication networks.
Although fixed network provide a sophistication and reliable communication network, they also require a complex and costly infrastructure. For example, a fixed wireless communication system often requires the installation of pole or roof mounted repeaters or gateways. Such equipment, while important to the reliability of the communication system, creates additional equipment and installation efforts. In addition, the fixed wireless communication systems require a higher cost meter so as to communicate directly with the utility's central server. As a result, AMR (Automated Meter Reading) systems that rely on the sophisticated meters and fixed wireless networks have become cost prohibitive.
Therefore, there is a need to employ more low cost electronic meters, while maintaining the communication and networking capabilities of today's AMR systems.
The invention includes an electronic utility meter, a data collector/meter and a method for communicating data in an automated meter reading system. The inventive method includes communicating data with a network and a first electronic utility meter, and communicating the data with the first electronic utility meter and one or more other meters.
The inventive data collector/meter includes a first port for communicating data with one or more other electronic meters, a second port for communicating data with a network, and a transceiver in communication with the first port and the second port. The transceiver communicates data between the other electronic meter and the computer. Also, the inventive device includes a computer in communication with the transceiver. The electronic utility meter may be a gas meter, a water meter, or an electric power meter. Also, the network may include a central computer at a utility in communication with a billing system. The data may be communicated as a function of predetermined criteria that filters the data provided by the electronic utility meter to the other meters. The transceiver routes the data from the network to the other meters. The meter may include a data storage device for data received from the other meters and from the network. The data storage device may provide the stored data to the network when requested by the network, and may provide the stored data to the other meters when requested by the network. Also, the computer may provide timing data to the other meters, where the timing data is transmitted to the other meters at a substantially similar time and/or at different times. The data comprises at least one of the following: time-of-use data and demand data. The communication between the electronic utility meter and the other meters may be accomplished via wireless and/or wired techniques. Similarly, the communication between the electronic utility meter and the network may be accomplished via wireless and/or wired techniques. The communication between the electronic utility meter and the other meters is accomplished using at least one of the following techniques: TCP/IP, Internet, electronic messaging, XML, digital encryption, digital signature, Ethernet, DSL, Cable Modem, 802.11, Bluetooth, and X10, for example. Also, the meter may receive a query from a customer premise to the electronic utility meter via the other meter. The meter may communicate a demand reset request from the electronic utility to the other meters at a predetermined interval, where the predetermined interval is at least one of the following: a billing change date, and a season change date.
Other features of the invention are further apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, of which:
Automated Meter Reading System
System 100 includes a remote location 110 in communication with an on-site location 120. On-site location 120 also is in communication with on-site locations 130 and 140. Remote location 110 includes equipment capable of processing and centrally serving AMR system 100. In particular, remote location 110 may include computer servers 111 in communication with a network 112, which is further in communication with databases 113. Although other components may be included at remote location 110, the components depicted in
On-site location 130 includes a meter 131 and on-site location 140 includes a meter 141. Meters 131 and 141 collect electrical power usage at on-site locations 130 and 140, respectively. For example, on-site locations 130 and 140 may be residential customer premise locations, and meters 131 and 141 may collect the electrical power used by the customer premises. Meters 131 and 141 may be single phase or three phase electrical or electronic meters. For example, meters 131 and 141 may be an A3 Alpha meter modified to communicate with data collector/meter 121 wirelessly or otherwise (e.g., 900 MHz radio) and manufactured by ABB Inc. Although just two meters are shown in
Data collector/meter 121 may be responsible for reading and storing billing data from meter 131 and similar meters. As is described in detail U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/185,664 filed Jun. 27, 2002, and entitled “Dynamic Self-Configuring Metering Network,” now U.S. Pat. No. 7,119,713, which is incorporated herein by reference, meter 131 registers with collector 121. Once meter 131 is registered to collector 121, collector 121 may then be responsible for reading current billing data from meter 131 and storing the billing data in a database (not shown) located within data collector/meter 121. Such data reads may be accomplished intermittently, continually (e.g., every 4 hours), or as a function of available network resources (e.g., during minimum data traffic times).
Data collector/meter 121 also may be responsible for knowing the billing date for meter 131. Data collector/meter 121 may then notify meter 131 as to when to store a copy of the current billing data and when to reset or clear its data. For example, data collector/meter 121 may notify meter 131 to store a copy of its billing data at midnight of the billing date. Data collector/meter 131 may then notify meter 131 to conduct a reset demand and to start the next billing cycle. When data collector/meter 121 reads the data on the particular billing date, the data is stored within data collector/meter 121. For example, data collector/meter 121 may store the data in a storage device called “Previous Billing Data Table” located in data collector/meter 121. Data collector/meter 121 also may be responsible for notifying meter 131 of a particular TOU (time of use) schedule to be used by meter 131 and of notifying meter 131 of any TOU season changes. Season change dates are similar to billing dates in that data collector/meter 121 notifies meter 131 to store a copy of the current data, and to conduct a reset demand. Data collector/meter 121 may then read this season change copy of data and store it in a data location within data collector/meter 121 called “Previous Season Data Table.”
As meters 131 and 141 collect electric power usage data, the data may be stored within meters 131 and 141, and/or may be communicated with data collector/meter 121 at on-site location 120. As will be discussed in greater detail, the communication of the data from meters 131 and 141 to data collector/meter 121 may be accomplished immediately, or after some predetermined time period depending upon certain circumstances like the type of data to be communicated, the availability of the communication link, the time of day, and the time of year, etc.
Data may be communicated between meter 131 and data collector/meter 121 over communication link 105. Similarly, data may be communicated between meter 141 and data collector/meter 121 over communication link 106. Data provided to and collected at data collector/meter 121 from meters 131 and 141 may then be provided to remote location 110 over communication link 104. Also, although not shown with reference to
Communication links 104-106 may be wireless or wired links. For example, it may be desirable to provide low cost wireless communication techniques for communication links 105 and 106, as on-site locations 120, 130, and 140 tend to be in relatively closer proximity to each other. Also, for example, it may be desirable to provide a wired communication technique for communication link 104, as remote location 110 tends to be a relatively greater distance from on-site location 120 with data collector/meter 121. Because the availability of on-site location 120 with data collector/meter 121 limits the number of longer distance links with remote location 110, the often more reliable wired communication techniques may be a cost effective solution for communication link 104. However, it should be appreciated that the invention contemplates communication links 104-106 being either wired or wireless in any combination. For example, communication links 104-106 are not limited to any network configuration, but may include any of the following techniques: Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), Ethernet, Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL), and/or coaxial cable network, for example. In addition, communication links 104-106 may employ secure communication methods including, for example, digital encryption and/or digital signature techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
Also, it should be appreciated that the formatting of the communicated data over communication links 104-106 may be in any desirable format including transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP), electronic messaging format, extensible markup language (XML), Institute of Electrical/Electronic Engineers (IEEE) Standard 802.11, Bluetooth™, and X10™, and ANSI C12.21 Remote Communication Protocol, for example, to communicate data between data collector/meter 121 and remote location 110.
Data collector/meter 121 may be an A3 Alpha™ meter available from ABB Inc. The A3 Alpha™ meter may be modified to include one or more network communication option boards including a WAN option board for communication link 104 and a LAN Option Board (LANOB) for communication links 105, 106, etc. An example embodiment may use a Plain Old Telephone Service (POTs) modem option board for the wired WAN and a 900 MHz radio option board for the wireless LAN.
By serving as a central point of communication between remote location 110 and any number of on-site locations 130 and 140, data collector/meter 121 serves to reduce the overall complexity and corresponding cost of AMR system 100. For example, the ability of data collector/meter 121 to act as a gateway between remote location 110 and on-site locations 130 and 140, while data collector/meter 121 retains its operation as an electrical power meter, reduces the need for additional networking equipment. Also, because data collector/meter 121 centralizes some of the intelligence and functionality found in higher cost meters, meters 131 and 141 may be lower cost meters capable of engaging in two-way communication with data collector/meter 121.
As shown in
LAN Option Board 230 also may communicate via a wired interface (e.g., RS-232) to meter 210. LAN Option Board 230 may be capable of synchronizing its time to a real time clock (not shown) in meter 210 and thereby synchronize the LAN reference time to the time in meter 210. The communication interfaces and the collection and storage of metering data are handled by a computer (not shown) within data collector/meter 121. The computer may include various other components (not shown) including programmable computer memory, databases, timing components (e.g., quartz crystals), application specific (ASIC) hardware circuits, network interface cards, and computer firmware, for example. Generally, the computer includes any computer hardware, software, or firmware needed to satisfy the operation of data collector/meter 121 in AMR system 100.
The responsibility of data collector/meter 121 in AMR system 100 is wide and varied. Generally, data collector/meter 121 is responsible for managing, processing and routing data communicated with remote location 110 and on-site locations 130 and 140.
Data collector/meter 121 reads usage data from meter 131 via interface port 201. Meter 131 is generally a less complex device than data collector/meter 121. In order to reduce the cost of AMR system 100, meter 131 may have a computer with equal or less functionality as the computer in data collector/meter 121. In order to provide two-way communication with data collector/meter 121, meter 131 may have a transceiver device similar to the transceiver in data collector/meter 121.
Usage data gathered by meter 131 may be stored within meter 131, or it may be provided immediately to data collector/meter 121. Meter 131 typically has limited storage capacity, and therefore may rely on data collector/meter 121 to periodically read the data before it is overwritten. Meter 131 may store and display the current energy consumption (kWh). Meter 131 also may display the TOU energy consumption and the current peak demand for the billing period. In addition to this current data, meter 131 may store a copy of this data taken at a critical interval, such as the monthly billing date or a season change date.
Data collector/meter 121 may continually or intermittently read the current data from meter 131 and store the data in a database (not shown) in data collector/meter 121. Such current data may include but is not limited to the total kWh usage, the TOU kWh usage, the peak kW demand, and other status information from meter 131. Data collector/meter 121 also may read and store previous billing and previous season data from meter 131 and store the data in the database in data collector/meter 121. Meter 131 may store a smaller quantity of load profile data (e.g., 24 hours of 15 minute data). Data collector/meter 121 may read this data and store several days of profile data, for example, that otherwise may not be able to be stored in the limited memory of meter 131. Whether data collector/meter 121 reads previous billing, previous season, or load profile data from meter 131 is configurable and may vary. Accordingly, the invention is not limited to reading this or any other type of data over any particular interval. When data collector/meter 121 is configured to read and store load profile data, the amount of data stored in data collector/meter 121 is configurable and may vary.
It is well known to those skilled in the art that electrical energy consumption may be measured in any number of ways including: TOU and demand-based reading. TOU-based usage reading refers to the notion of time-stamping the usage of electricity, such that a utility may bill a premium for power used at certain times of the day or year, as compared to other times. For example, in the summer, peak electric power usage times traditionally occur during the late afternoon. Therefore, meter 131 may be equipped to measure the amount of electric power used during these intervals, so that the power usage may be billed differently (and perhaps higher) than at other time intervals.
Demand-based usage readings determine peak power usages for a particular customer. For example, a demand-based usage reading may allow a utility to bill a premium for a customer that uses 20 kWh in a one hour time span, as compared to another customer that uses 20 kWh in a twenty-four hour time span. Because such concentrated electric power usage taxes the utility's power generation plants and distribution system, the customer may be billed at a higher rate.
AMR system 100 may be designed to permit meter 131 to measure usage based on these specific types of usage techniques, for example. Also, data collector/meter 121 may be able to configure meter 131 with specific instructions to accomplish such usage reading techniques. For example, data collector/meter 121 may be designed to instruct meter 131 as to a particular time interval that demand-based data should be captured. When meter 131 is registered with data collector/meter 121, computer servers 111 assign meter 131 to a billing identifier, where the billing identifier defines the billing date for meter 131. Data collector/meter 121 also is programmed by computer server 111 with a calendar of billing dates for each billing identification. It may be the responsibility of data collector/meter 121 to notify meter 131 to store a copy of the current billing data and reset the peak demand at a certain time (e.g., midnight) of the billing date. This process is described in more detail in the following paragraphs.
At a defined time interval (e.g., midnight crossing), data collector/meter 121 checks if the billing date for meter 131 is to occur at the next interval. For example, if the billing date is at the midnight crossing of Jun. 1, 2002, data collector/meter 121 checks to ensure that meter 131 is to perform a demand reset on Jun. 2, 2002. If data collector/meter 121 determines that a billing date should occur within an upcoming period (e.g., within the next 24 hours), data collector/meter 121 provides a message to meter 131 to “arm” and to perform a demand reset at the next midnight crossing (e.g., Jun. 2, 2002). When this midnight crossing occurs, meter 131 stores a copy of the current billing data, increments a demand reset count, where the demand reset count is used to identify the specific instance of billing data. Data collector/meter 121 then resets the current billing data demand value (kW) to start a new billing cycle. After the midnight crossing occurs, data collector/meter 121 reads the billing data copy stored in meter 131 so that it is readily available for retrieval by remote location 110.
Because meter 131 does not typically have a real time clock, if meter 131 were to lose power between the time that it is armed to perform the demand reset and the midnight crossing, it is possible that meter 131 would not properly perform the demand reset at midnight. In addition to reading the billing data copy from meter 131, data collector/meter 121 may continually read the current billing data from meter 131. After meter 131's billing date has occurred, data collector/meter 121 will insure that meter 131 has properly performed a demand reset setting information in the read message that forces meter 131 to perform a demand reset. This is illustrated by the following example.
On Jun. 1, 2002, the demand reset count in meter 131 is 12. Data collector/meter 121 recognizes that meter 131 should perform a demand reset at midnight Jun. 2, 2002, and sends information in the read command to “arm” meter 131 to perform the demand reset. At midnight on Jun. 2, 2002, meter 131 stores a copy of the current billing data, increments the demand reset count to 13 and resets the current peak demand. Subsequent reads from data collector/meter 121 instruct meter 131 to perform a demand reset if the demand reset count in meter 131 is not equal to 13. Since the demand reset count is already equal to 13, meter 131 does not perform another demand reset. However, if meter 131 had missed the midnight crossing due to a power loss, the message from data collector/meter 121 would force meter 131 to immediately store a copy of the billing data and reset demand.
Also, data collector/meter 121 can inform meter 131 of upcoming events, such as day type, season type, etc. In particular, data collector/meter 121 may let meter 131 know if a day type (e.g., holiday) change or season change is upcoming, so as to prevent meter 131 from placing the data in the incorrect billing tier.
With respect to certain TOU-based data collection techniques, data collector/meter 121 may be capable of instructing meter 131 with certain information to facilitate such readings. Meter 131 stores TOU switchpoints for a weekday schedule, a weekend schedule, and two holiday schedules. Data collector/meter 121 is responsible for sending these schedules to meter 131 and updating the schedules when required by time of year changes or emergency conditions. For example, during a change of season (i.e., a time of the year when usage rates are adjusted), data collector/meter 121 may send messages to meter 131 to update the weekday, weekend and holiday switchpoints that define the TOU schedule for the new season.
Similar to the handling of billing dates, data collector/meter 121 has a calendar that defines the season change dates for each TOU identifier, where each meter in the system may be defined to one of several (e.g., 5) TOU identifiers. Data collector/meter 121 checks for season changes in advance (e.g., one day) and typically instructs meter 131 to perform a billing data copy and demand reset some time prior to (e.g., at midnight) the billing date. In addition to handling the demand reset as is done for the billing date, data collector/meter 121 reads the billing data copy from meter 131 and stores it in data collector/meter 121 (e.g., Previous Season Data Table). Data collector/meter 121 may then send messages to meter 131 (e.g., broadcast to all meters associated with the TOU Id) to update the TOU schedules per the new season.
The updating of TOU schedules on season changes events may be accomplished using unicast (i.e., directed to a particular meter) or broadcast techniques (i.e., directed to all of the meters served by the collector).
TOU schedules may be provided by data collector/meter 121 using any number of techniques. For example, data collector/meter 121 may “broadcast” TOU schedules to each of the meters it serves. The TOU schedules may be broadcast along with the standard network reference time signal, discussed above. As such, the TOU schedules may be broadcast intermittently or continuously, as desired by the network configuration. When a new meter enters AMR system 100, data collector/meter 121 may send the new meter a default TOU schedule. Transmission of the TOU schedule to the new meter may be accomplished using individual or broadcast transmission, or both.
Data collector/meter 121 also is responsible for communicating any change of a meter's identification information (e.g., billing identification or TOU identification). For example, if remote location 110 changes a TOU identification that is assigned to meter 131, data collector/meter 121 will conduct a registration procedure (as discussed with reference to
Generally, although data collector/meter 121 receives the pertinent usage data from meter 131, data collector/meter 121 may not be required to interpret or process such data. In the interest of simplifying data collector/meter 121, certain intelligence and functionality may be placed within the components at remote location 110 (e.g., computer servers 111). For example, data collector/meter 121 may identify data from meter 131 to remote location 110 with a certain alphanumeric code that is understood at remote location 110. Similarly, meter 131 may have multiple data sets, each with a unique identification code provided by data collector/meter 121. In this way, remote location 110 may be responsible for collating and processing the usage data, and data collector/meter 121 may just be responsible for routing the data from meter 131 with the proper identifier. Alternatively, data collector/meter 121 is not so limited, and may accomplish some data interpretation as is necessary.
One particular operation that may be accomplished by data collector/meter 121 is the maintenance, synchronization, and distribution of network time references. Lower cost meters, like meter 131, may not be equipped with a real time clock. As a result, when meter 131 loses power, it will lose its network time reference when power returns. Therefore, data collector/meter 121 may provide network time references to meter 131. In this way, data collector/meter 121 ensures that meter 131 (and any other meters served by data collector/meter 121—e.g., meter 141) is operating on a proper time reference. As described above, for TOU and demand-based based usage measurements, having meter 131 operate on a particular standard time reference ensures that power usage will be billed properly and in accordance with predetermined time-based billing rates.
Providing the proper time standard at the point of data collection (i.e., meter 131), instead of at another point in AMR system 100 (e.g., remote location 110) provides greater synchronization between when a particular quantity of energy was used. Also, allowing data collector/meter 121 to distribute and synchronize time to meter 131 limits the dependence on the often unreliable communication links from remote location 110 to meter 131. In this way, AMR system 100 provides an added level of assurance that a certain quantity of energy was used during the designated time interval; a correlation that is significant to the operation of TOU and demand-based based usage measurement techniques. Also, distributing the time reference from data collector/meter 121 to meter 131 provides additional reliability due to the closer proximity of data collector/meter 121 to meter 131.
In order to facilitate allowing data collector/meter 121 to communicate the proper time reference to each of the meters it servers (e.g., meter 131 and 141), a “broadcast” transmission technique may be employed. The broadcast technique refers to allowing data collector/meter 121 to transmit one time signal to all of the meters that it serves. Where communication links 105 and 106 are wireless, for example, data collector/meter 121 may simply transmit one wireless signal to meters 131 and 141. The time reference signal may bc sent at certain intervals (e.g., hourly, daily) or continuously to ensure that the meters served by data collector/meter 121 receive the time reference signal.
Data collector/meter 121 may be responsible for registering and identifying particular meters on AMR system 100. Such registration may occur, for example, when a new meter is added to AMR system 100, when a new collector is added, and/or when an existing meter determines that it will be best served by another (perhaps closer in proximity) collector. In fact, in maintaining AMR system 100, data collector/meter 121 allows meters 131 and 141 to switch from data collector/meter 121 to a different collector (not shown). In order to ensure that data is not lost during the collector transition, both data collector/meter 121 and the new collector may retrieve information from the switching meter, as will be discussed. Also, the old collector (i.e., the collector from which the meter has transitioned) will store the data from the meter before it switches to the new collector. Such data may be stored in a table called “Old Node Data Log.” By storing the data in such a log, the system is ensured of collecting the data from the switching meter, in case the data is lost when the meter switches to the new collector.
In step 306, it is determined whether meter 131 had previously been registered with a different collector. If meter 131 had previously been registered with a different collector, the TOU Id would have been set in meter 131 and would typically be set correctly in data collector/meter 121, and the process is done in step 309. Transferring the TOU Id to the new collector prevents meter 131 from reverting to a default TOU Id, which would likely cause meter 131 to use an incorrect TOU schedule and store data in the incorrect TOU billing locations or “buckets.”
The billing id may be assigned by remote location 110 and updated in data collector/meter 121. The billing id may be stored in data collector/meter 121 and may be used to determine the date that data collector/meter 121 communicates a demand reset message to meter 131. Until updated by remote location 110, data collector/meter 121 assigns meter 131 to billing id 0. A billing date for this id is not defined, which means that data collector/meter 121 may not tell meter 131 to perform a demand reset. This mechanism prevents data collector/meter 121 from telling meter 131 to perform a demand reset on the incorrect billing date.
If it is determined in step 306 that meter 131 is not switching from data collector/meter 121 to another collector, in step 307, remote location 110 ensures that the demand reset or previous billing data from meter 131 stored in data collector/meter 121 is relevant data that has not yet been read by remote location 110. The demand reset count read from meter 131 is used by remote location 110 to determine if the data is previous billing or previous season data.
In step 308, the data collector/meter uses a Registration Procedure to communicate the assigned TOU Id to meter 131. Meter 131 uses the TOU Id to store the correct TOU schedules.
Data collector/meter 121 also may be designed to gather load profile data from any configurable set of meters. In particular, because as discussed, meter 131 may be capable of storing a certain interval of data (e.g., data collected over a 24-hour period), data collector/meter 121 may be variably configured to retrieve the stored load profile data over a group of meters. For example, the number of meters profiled by data collector/meter 121 and the amount of data stored for each meter may be configured within data collector/meter 121.
In just one embodiment, for example, data collector/meter 121 could be configured to store data for fifty meters having forty days of stored data for each meter. In another embodiment, for example, data collector/meter 121 could be configured to store data for five hundred meters having four days of stored data for each meter.
In addition to dynamically allocating the amount of memory used to collect load profile data, the number of meters for which data collector/meter 121 stores basic data (e.g., current billing data, previous billing data, and previous season data) is configurable. Changing the number of meters supported changes the amount of memory available for load profile. A data collector may support, for example more than 500 meters, but any number of meters may be supported. To increase the amount of memory available for load profile data, the data collector could be configured to only store data for 250 meters, for example.
Data collector/meter 121 also permits remote location 110 to direct specific real-time commands to meter 131. For example, if certain emergency conditions exist (e.g., rolling brownout or blackout), the utility may desire to modify a TOU schedule on a short-term basis. Also, short-term TOU schedule adjustments may be desirable for certain extreme weather conditions (e.g., hottest or coldest days). AMR system 100 permits data collector/meter 121 to send instructions to meter 131 to conduct a temporal “override” of the set TOU schedule. When the interval for the override expires, meter 131 is directed to return to the set TOU schedule. For example, data collector/meter 121 may direct meter 131 to bill at a higher rate tomorrow from 4 pm to 6 pm, due to expected weather conditions. At 6 pm, meter 131 may be directed to resume normal TOU scheduling.
Data collector/meter 121 may accomplish such short-term override of TOU schedule on a broad basis by using a broadcast transmission procedure to all of its served meters. Such messaging may be carried further to alert the customer premise of the impending TOU schedule change, so as to counteract the increased billing rate and promote lower energy usage. For example, meter 131 may send a message to a unit within the customer premise (e.g., an electronic thermostat) to increase the energy usage during the lower billing period, and decrease the energy usage during the higher billing period.
Similar to short-term overrides of TOU schedules, data collector/meter 121 may accomplish on-demand reads and writes with meter 131. For example, the utility may desire certain usage data immediately over a range of meters, or all data from a particular meter. Data collector/meter 121 accommodates such on-demand reads. Also, on-demand writes from data collector/meter 121 to meter 131 may be desired. For example, if a customer desires to change its billing schedule/date or TOU schedule/rate, a utility's customer service can initiate a write to meter 131 via data collector/meter 121 as the customer is on the telephone making the request. Such on-demand reads and writes may be conducted directly by remote location 110 to a particular meter, using a “pass through” procedure, where data collector/meter 121 simply routes the request to meter 131.
Data collector/meter 121 also provides support for certain special requests from remote location 110. For example, if remote location 110 wants certain meter data (e.g., meters with billing dates on a certain date, or get previous season data for all the meters that changed seasons), data collector/meter 121 supports filtered requests. Such filtered data requests can request data from all meters, a particular meter, all meters associated with a particular billing identification, and/or all meters associated with a particular TOU identification, for example. Also, specific data-based based filters may be applied to the request. For example, a filter may provide only report data for a meter if the meter's data is out of date by a certain number of hours.
Illustrative Computing Environment for Automated Meter Reading System
In operation, CPU 510 fetches, decodes, and executes instructions, and transfers information to and from other resources via the computer's main data-transfer path, system bus 505. Such a system bus connects the components in computing system 500 and defines the medium for data exchange. System bus 505 typically includes data lines for sending data, address lines for sending addresses, and control lines for sending interrupts and for operating the system bus. An example of such a system bus is the PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus. Some of today's advanced busses provide a function called bus arbitration that regulates access to the bus by extension cards, controllers, and CPU 510. Devices that attach to these busses and arbitrate to take over the bus are called bus masters. Bus master support also allows multiprocessor configurations of the busses to be created by the addition of bus master adapters containing a processor and its support chips.
Memory devices coupled to system bus 505 include random access memory (RAM) 525 and read only memory (ROM) 530. Such memories include circuitry that allows information to be stored and retrieved. ROMs 530 generally contain stored data that cannot be modified. Data stored in RAM 525 can be read or changed by CPU 510 or other hardware devices. Access to RAM 525 and/or ROM 530 may be controlled by memory controller 520. Memory controller 520 may provide an address translation function that translates virtual addresses into physical addresses as instructions are executed. Memory controller 520 also may provide a memory protection function that isolates processes within the system and isolates system processes from user processes. Thus, a program running in user mode can access only memory mapped by its own process virtual address space; it cannot access memory within another process's virtual address space unless memory sharing between the processes has been established.
In addition, computing system 500 may contain peripherals controller 535 responsible for communicating instructions from CPU 510 to peripherals, such as, printer 540, keyboard 545, mouse 550, and disk drive 555. Disk drive 555 may be a hard-drive device, for example.
Display 565, which is controlled by display controller 560, is used to display visual output generated by computing system 500. Such visual output may include text, graphics, animated graphics, and video. Display 565 may be implemented with a CRT-based video display, an LCD-based flat-panel display, gas plasma-based flat-panel display, or a touch-panel. Display controller 563 includes electronic components required to generate a video signal that is sent to display 565.
Further, computing system 500 may contain network adapter 570, which may be used to connect computing system 500 to an external communication network 560. Communications network 560 may provide computer users with techniques for communicating and transferring software and information electronically. Additionally, communications network 560 may provide distributed processing, which involves several computers and the sharing of workloads or cooperative efforts in performing a task. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are examples and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.
Illustrative Computer Network Environment for Automated Meter Reading System
As noted above, the computer described with respect to
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The invention is directed to a system, method, and metering device communicating data in an automated meter reading system. The invention was described in the context of wired and wireless data communication system, but is not so limited to, regardless of any specific description in the drawing or examples set forth herein. For example, the invention may be applied to non-traditional networks like Voice-over-IP-based networks, or virtual private networks, for example. Also, although the invention was described in the context of electrical power meters, it should be appreciated that the invention applies equally to communications with any type of service meter, including water and gas meters, for example. Also, the format and protocols used by the data files are not limited to any particular type.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to use of any of the particular components or devices herein. Indeed, this invention can be used in any application that requires controlling access to data captured by an electric power meter. Further, the system disclosed in the invention can be used with the method of the invention or a variety of other applications.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the embodiments specifically disclosed herein. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes and adaptations of the invention may be made in the form and details of these embodiments without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.