US 6428829 B1
The present invention encompasses a Streptococcus thermophilus strain that has been deposited at the Collection Nationale de Cultures de Microorganismes (CNCM) under No. I-it 1477 and mutants that share similar milk acidification characteristics. The invention also covers processes for using the novel strain to prepare fermented dairy products and fermented products produced by these processes. Strain No. I-1477 possesses unique milk acidification properties that distinguish it from other related bacterial strains. Most importantly, the claimed Streptococcus strain exhibits both a rapid rate of acidification, which reduces the risk of bacterial contamination and extremely low post-acidification activity following fermentation, which helps preserve the fermentation products.
1. An isolated culture of mutant strain of the S. thermophilus strain deposited at Collection Nationale de Cultures de Microorganismes (CNCM) under No. I-1477, wherein said mutant strain has milk acidification characteristics comprising an acidification of milk products to a pH of 4.6 in less than 4 hours and a pH variation of less than 0.2 unit following storage of said milk products at 8° C. for 28 days.
2. The mutant strain according to
3. A process for preparing fermented dairy products, wherein said process comprises fermenting a milk substrate with at least one S. thermophilus strain according to
4. The process according to
5. The process according to
6. The process according to
7. The process according to
8. The process according to
9. The process according to
10. Fermented Products obtained using the process according to
11. Fermented products obtained using the process according to
12. Fermented products obtained using the process according to
13. Fermented products obtained using the process according to
14. Fermented products obtained using the process according to
15. Fermented products obtained using the process according to
16. Fermented products obtained using the process according to
17. A process for preparing fermented dairy products, wherein said process consists of fermenting a milk substrate with a S. thermophilus strain according to
18. The Streptococcus thermcphilus strain according to
19. The Streptococcus thermophilus strain according to
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/809,781 filed Mar. 28, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,056,979 which is a National Stage of International Appln. No. PCT/FR95/01254 as originally filed on Sep. 28, 1995, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a Streptococcus thermophilus strain, to the use of this strain for the production of fermented dairy products and to the products obtained using this strain.
The choice of lactic acid bacteria for the production of fermented dairy products calls into play various criteria, especially the acidifying activity and the formation of flavor components which provide the organoleptic properties of the product and the production of thickening agents which play a role in the texture and the unctuousness.
The acidifying activity is characterized essentially by three parameters: the kinetic of acidification, the titratable acidity and the final fermentation pH which determines the organoleptic characteristics of the product and its preservation quality, and the postacidification which develops during preservation of the product.
A high rate of acidification makes it possible to reduce the period during which the milk-based product is sensitive to contaminants (pH>4.7) and thereby to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination:
An increase in the rate of acidification also enhances the economics of the process by increasing the productivity and the flexibility of the industrial material.
The post-acidification properties of the strains are particularly important for the preservation or the products. Indeed, fresh fermented products are preserved at temperatures of between about 4° C. and 8° C. for a period in general not exceeding 4 weeks; but if the metabolic activity of the bacteria is reduced by preservation at low temperature, it is not blocked and it brings about the production of lactic acid from lactose, which has as a consequence a reduction in pH and an increase in the acid taste which damages the organoleptic properties of the product.
In addition to the criteria retained for their contribution to the quality of the products, other elements more specifically linked to the process play a role in the choice of the strains, such as the fermentation temperature, the rate of acidification and the resistance to phages.
The resistance to phages, is a very important criterion in the choice of the strains for reducing the risk of phage incidents during production which may block for a longer or shorter period the entire production for decontamination.
No S. thermophilus is so far known which exhibits a high rate of acidification and a high degree of acidity combined with a very low or practically zero post-acidification activity.
Indeed, it is generally observed that cultures of S. thermophilus which have a reduced post-acidification activity often show a limited acidifying activity during the fermentation, which does not allow the desired degree of acidity to be achieved in the products. In addition, these strains often have a slow growth and they require high inoculation levels and a longer incubation period which are incompatible with the economics of an industrial process.
The subject of the present invention is an S. thermophilus strain which has a rapid acidification kinetic allowing a high degree of acidity to be achieved and which does not post-acidify fresh fermented products during preservation.
More particularly, the present invention relates to an S. thermophilus strain DN-001 116 deposited at the Collection Nationale de Cultures de Microorganismes (CNCM) under No. I-1477 and mutants thereof which have similar milk acidification characteristics.
Mutant strains having milk acidifying characteristics similar to the deposited strain is intended to designate strains which may be obtained especially by mutation and selection from the reference strain and/or by genetic transformation with the aid of vectors.
The acidifying characteristics are an end-of-incubation pH of 4.6 in less than 4 hours and a pH variation at 28 days of less than 0.2 pH unit, preferably less than 0.1 unit.
The mutant strains may be obtained from the reference strain, especially by mutation and selection according to their acidifying properties. The mutation techniques are known, as well as the tests which make it possible to control the acidifying properties (especially Spinnier H. E., Corrieu G. “Automatic method to quantify starter activity based on pH measurement” J. of Dairy Research, 56 (1989) 755-764); by Roissart H. and Luquet F. M. Edition Lorica ISBN: 2-9507477-0-1).
These strains are more particularly advantageous for the preparation of all types of fermented milk products.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of fermented dairy products in which a milk substrate is fermented with at least one S. thermophilus strain.
It is also possible to provide, in this process, for the use of a combination of one or more bacterial strains, especially with other lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus bulgaricus, lactobacillus aciddphilus, Lactobacillus casei or Bifidobacterium.
Preferably, the milk substrate is natural or reconstituted milk, skimmed or otherwise, or milk-based media or media based on products of dairy origin.
This substrate may comprise items commonly used for the preparation of milk desserts, solid items such as fruits, chocolate chips or cereals for example, but also sweetened products or liquid chocolates. The strain according to the invention in fact has the advantage of being resistant to sugars, which makes it possible to ferment sweetened products containing especially sucrose.
The present invention also relates to the fermented milk products obtained using this process, especially fresh fermented cheese, and yoghurts for example.
The products obtained using this strain have a mild taste and their organoleptic properties are preserved during storage.
The culture of the strains according to the invention, pure or in combination with other strains, may also be used as probiotic for human consumption or animal feed and also as ferment to be used in the process according to the invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the examples below.
A reconstituted skimmed milk containing 12% dry matter and enriched with 0.1% yeast extract is sterilized for 15 min at 121° C. An active culture of S. thermophilus comprising 108 cells per milliliter is used to inoculate this medium at 1% (v/v). The starter culture is obtained after about 4 hours of incubation at 44° C. This starter culture is used to inoculate (1% v/v) 1 liter of reconstituted skimmed milk containing 12% dry matter, enriched with 0.1% yeast extract and previously pasteurized at 95° C. for 30 min. The inocuated milk is stirred and then incubated at 44° C. When the acidity reaches a pa of 4.6, the preparation is cooled for 16 hours at 4° C. This fermented milk is subjected to a test of preservation at 8° C. for 28 days. The pH after 28 days of preservation is compared for the different strains. The results are presented in Table 1. The strain I-1477 corresponds to the strain DN-001 116. Only the milk fermented with the S. thermophilus strain DN-001 116 has a practically zero post-acidification after 28 days of preservation 80° C. The strain DN-001 116 shows a rapid rate of acdification; a pH of 4.6 is reached in less than 4 hours of incubation at 440° C.
The starter culture is prepared as in Example 1. This starter culture is used to inoculate (1% v/v) 1 liter of reconstituted skimmed milk containing 12% dry matter, enriched with 0.1% yeast extract and previously pasteurized for 30 min at 95° C. The inoculated milk is stirred and then incubated at 40° C. When the acidity reaches 80° D., the preparation is cooled for 16 hours at 40° C. This fermented milk is subjected to a test of preservation at 80° C. for 28 days. Table 2 presents the incubation time and the variation of the pH and of the Dornic acidity during storage at 80° C. for 28 days.
The post-acidification by the strain ST25 is comparable to that of the strain DN-001 116 but its acidification rate is much slower. The strain ST44, which exhibits a satisfactory acidification rate, shows a very high post-acidification.
A mixture composed of an ultrafiltered milk retentate containing 6% protein (NT-NPN×6.38) and cream containing 40% fat is prepared. The proportion of eacn of the two constituents is 82% retentate and 18% cream. 0.03% (w/w) casein hydrolysate is added. The content of the mixture is 5.3% protein and 7.2% fat. The preparation is subjected to a preheating at 75° C., a homogenization at 75° C. and at 200 bar, and then to a pasteurization at 95° C. for 8 min before cooling to 40° C. The mixture is then inoculated with a frozen concentrated preparation of the strain DN-001 116 in an amount of 30 g/100 L of a starter culture at 9×109 CFU/g. The inoculated mixture is incubated at 40° C. until a pH of about 4.7 is obtained. After settling of the curd and after discharging the curd, it is made into a smooth paste in a suitable valve before cooling to 20° C. in a plate exchanger. The smoothed and cooled product is then packaged in 1 kg pots. These pots, after palletization, pass inside a cold-air tunnel so as to cool the product to 4° C. The product is then subjected to a test of preservation at 4° C. and at 10° C. The results are presented in Table 3.
These results confirm that the S. thermophilus strain DN-001 116 exhibits a very reduced post-acidification at 4° C. and at 10° C.
60 phages of S. thermophilus were isolated over 10 years of production and in factories in different geographical areas. Analysis of their host spectrum made it possible to classify them into 7 subgroups. The resistance of the strain DN-001 116 was tested for phages representative of these 7 subgroups (φ15, φ57, φ47, φ77, φ76, φ29, φ65), the titer of the phages exceeded 107 Plaque Forming Units/ml (The phages underlined have been described in the publication Biochimie (1990) 72, 855-862). The strain DN-001 116 is resistant to all the phages tested.
The procedure is carried out as in Example 3, but by adding to a medium to be fermented varied quantities of sucrose; the time for the target pH to be obtained is measured:
The Streptococcus thermophilus strain has been deposited at the Collection Nationale de Cultures de Microorganismes (CNCM) under No. I-1477 on the date of Sep. 22, 1994