Chapter 1Your Invitation to a Healthy Future•Define health and wellness.•Identify the six dimensions of health and illustrate the interplay among them.•Describe how poverty, race, and gender contribute to health disparities in the U.S.•Outline the national health objectives in the Healthy People 2020 Initiative.•List guidelines for evaluating websites that provide health information.•Describe the stages in the Transtheoretical Model of Change and apply it to a health behavior they want to change. Chapter Learning Objectives
Create Your Definition Of Health Some characteristics of health Positive, optimistic outlook Sense of control, able to relax Energy and vitality Supportive social network Personally satisfying job or endeavor How do you define being of sound of body, mind and spirit?
Wellness Further Enhances Your Health Wellness is purposeful, enjoyable living Decision to move to optimal health Way of life to reach potential Developing awareness that health What it and happiness are possible now looks like Integration of mind, body, spirit Belief that actions influence personal health and health of world
Six Dimensions Of Health Physical Health • Health is not a static state, but a process that depends on the decisions we make and the behaviors we practice every day. • We must feed our bodies nutritiously, exercise them regularly, avoid harmful behaviors and substances, watch out for early signs of sickness, and protect ourselves from accidents. Psychological Health • refers to both our emotional and mental states. • It involves awareness and acceptance of a wide range of feelings in oneself and others, and the ability to express emotions, function independently, and cope with the challenges of daily stressors. Spiritual Health • Spiritually healthy individuals identify their own basic purpose in life; learn how to experience love, joy, peace, and fulfillment; and help themselves and others achieve their full potential.
Six Dimensions Of Health Social Health • refers to the ability to interact effectively with other people and the social environment, to develop satisfying interpersonal relationships, and to fulfill social roles. Intellectual Health • refers to your ability to think and learn from life experience, your openness to new ideas, and your capacity to question and evaluate information. Environmental Health • refers to the impact your world has on your well-being.
Three Major Areas Of Health Disparity Primary reason for minority health Income disparities is poverty Level Poor receive worse care Dramatic differences in disease, death Race rates and injury between races May have greater impact than any other Sex/ variable Gender Biological, social, behavioral factors and health habits differ between sexes
Healthy People 2020 Six of the 2020 Health Goals for Americans 1. Prevent weight gain 2. Increase recent smoking cessation 3. Increase condom use and abstention in youth 4. Reduce misuse of prescription drugs 5. Increase cardiovascular health 6. Reduce sport and recreation injuries
Health Risks Increase In Young Adulthood Serious health threats peak in young adulthood • Substance abuse • Sexually transmitted infections • Homicide • Motor vehicle crashes Other health risks also increase Eating fast food Not exercising Being obese Smoking Not visiting doctor Binge drinking
Health Prevention And Protection Information to help healthy people identify risks, reduce stressors, Prevention prevent potential medical problems and enhance well-being Making risky behavior safer to Protection prevent injury or unwanted risks
Evaluate Health Websites Who created it? When was it last updated? Are there references? Is the author qualified? Is there a potential bias? Check out Table 1.1 for recommended sites
Medical Claims Can Be Misleading Evaluate claims by asking questions: Who are the scientists involved? Where did they report their findings? Is information a testimonial? Are ‘amazing, secret, or quick’ used? Are they trying to sell something?
By graduation, 1 in 4 studentshas at least one major risk factor for Diabetes, MetabolicSyndrome or Heart Disease
Four Life-Extending Behaviors 1. Not smoking 2. Eating lots of fruits and vegetables 3. Exercising regularly 4. Drinking alcohol in moderation
Health Behavior Change Is Possible Three Factors Influence Health Behavior 1. Predisposing factors 2. Enabling factors 3. Reinforcing factors
How and Why People Change• A person consciously, deliberately sets out to either change a negative behavior (stop procrastinating) or to initiate a healthy behavior (exercising regularly).• Of the four methods mentioned in the text, we will focus more on the Transtheoretical Model
Transtheoretical Model of Change Six stages which are not linear Stages of in sequence – often repeat Change and cycle through Processes of Cognitive and behavioral Change activities that facilitate change Confidence and ability to cope Self-Efficacy with change
Confidence Influences Success Your belief that you can change influences the likelihood of your success Strong Apply more energy to change Belief More likely to persist to change Resigned to stress and feeling Low self- helpless belief More likely to give up
Making Change Happen• You will find these sections at the end of every chapter.• They are insightful “take action” points that I recommend you follow.