Soil Mixing is the mechanical mixing of soils, in situ, with engineered slurries. Deep Soil Mixing can be performed to depths of over 80’ depending on the equipment and soil conditions. Soil mixing can also be utilized in shallow applications by mixing the soil with selected binders and/or reagents often with conventional excavation equipment. Soil mixing is often considered for structural applications such as increased bearing capacity, improved lateral stability and excavation support. Environmental applications include improved permeability, chemical reduction and immobilization of contaminants. Russo Corporation can provide deep mixing for elements up to 8’ diameter using single axis machines or perform efficient panel construction by providing double and triple axis mixing machines and tooling. Our experienced staff combined with our extremely efficient batching technology and, most recently, Cutter Soil Mixing (CSM) sets Russo Corporation apart from the rest and allows us to be one of the most efficient soil mixing contractors in the United States.
Compaction Grouting, also known as Low Mobility Grouting (LMG), uses volumetric displacement to improve in-situ soil conditions. A very low slump grout (usually 0” to 3” slump at the point of injection) is pumped in stages to displace the surrounding soil. Compaction grout is typically comprised of a blend of sand, cement, gravel and water. Ground improvement can be achieved by staging or sequencing the compaction grout locations. In some cases, primary, secondary, tertiary and even quaternary treatment locations may be considered to maximize the effectiveness of the compaction grouting program. Compaction grouting is also an excellent alternative for re-leveling structures, reinforcement of fine-grained soils and void filling. Compaction grout mix designs can be altered to provide a wide range of unconfined compressive strengths depending on the requirement of the project.
Chemical Grouting or Permeation Grouting
Chemical Grouting or Permeation Grouting refers to the use of certain chemicals such as polyurethanes, acrylates, acrylamides or sodium silicates for structural improvement or seepage control. The appropriate chemical grout can produce excellent results in a variety of applications. Careful consideration must be given to the selection of the grout and the contractor selected to perform the work to maximize the benefit of the chemical grouting operation. Chemical grouts have been successfully utilized to completely permeate clean sands to fill voids within the treated profile. Hydro-active grouts are commonly used to minimize or completely stop seepage in and around existing structures.
Jet Grouting or Jet Mixing
Jet Grouting or Jet Mixing is an erosion replacement technology that can be used very effectively to create various geometries of stabilized soil, in-situ, for a wide range of applications. By determining the proper rotation speed (rpm), lift rate (inch/sec), injection pressure (psi) combined with appropriately engineered slurries, jet grouting can be used to create panels, columns, or partial columns for use in water cut-off, underpinning, structural retention and a host of other applications. Jet grouting is quite possibly the most versatile grouting technology currently available to the geotechnical construction industry. Jet grouting can be used to surgically place elements or to create stabilized zones such as walls and a bottom seal for excavation support or columns to underpin an existing structure. Material strength and permeability of the stabilized soil can be determined by geotechnical sampling combined with lab testing prior to mobilization. Geometries and other grouting parameters such as rotation speed and lift rate can be verified in the field prior to production thru a carefully planned and executed test program. Any deviations in the jet grouting plan required to meet the intent of the design can then be adjusted prior to performing the production work.
Aggregate Piers are columns of compacted stone placed in situ which can be designed to reduce settlement, improve bearing capacity, mitigate liquefaction potential and increase shear resistance. Aggregate piers can be installed by predrilling and placing the stone from the surface or by insertion of the tool and delivering the stone thru an annulus to the tip of the tool without the need for predrilling. These installation techniques are commonly referred to as top feed or bottom feed respectively. In either case, the tool is raised and lowered as the stone is placed. This action, combined with vibration created by the tool, compacts the stone creating a densified column of rock. Aggregate piers can be used to improve the ground by virtue of volumetric displacement in granular soils or as reinforcement in cohesive soils.
Vibratory Compaction can be used to increase bearing capacity, reduce settlement, mitigate liquefaction potential, and improve clean granular fill material. Vibratory compaction uses tooling and equipment similar to aggregate pier installation but does not rely an an aggregate to improve the ground. Vibratory Compaction is limited in application to relatively clean (minimal fines), non cohesive material such as sand.
Injection for Expansive Soils
Injection for Expansive Soils is a method widely used for pre-swelling and/or stabilizing expansive clay soils. Injection can be performed to depths of 20’ below grade with commonly used injection equipment. Injection technologies can vary depending on the application. Water Injection is most often utilized to pre-swell expansive soil by elevating the in situ moisture content to minimize the potential for future expansion. Water injection is not typically used for remediation of existing structures due to the potential to induce additional distress in the structure as a result of uncontrolled expansion due to the water injection process. Water injection is an extremely cost-effective solution when dealing with most expansive soils. Lime, Cement and/or Fly Ash are often added to water to create a slurry or Slurry Pressure Injection. The addition of these reagents can be extremely beneficial to improve bearing capacity, increase shear strength and expedite the workability of muddy construction sites. When an existing structure has experienced movement as a result of expansive soils often Potassium Chloride (Chemical Injection) can be injected in an aqueous solution to limit future movements. Potassium Chloride injection is much different than preswelling technologies in the sense that it will limit the amount of water the clay will absorb. As such, potassium chloride injection is an excellent option for remediation of expansive soils for existing structures.
Slurry Grouting or Cement Grouting
Slurry Grouting or Cement Grouting is the general terminology applied to placement of a cementitious binder such as cement, fly ash or slag in a slurry form (typically binder and water only). Slurry grout can be placed under pressure (Pressure Grouting), gravity filling, or tremie placement depending on the application and requirements of the project. Slurry grouting is most commonly used in the industry to fill cracks and voids in rock formations to create a water cut-off or to increase capacity. Slurry grouting is also commonly used for placement of grout in soil nail, micropile and anchor applications. Slurry grouts are also used to fill voids directly beneath existing foundations to reestablish intimate contact with the subgrade (Contact Grouting). As with most grouting technologies, the type of binder and water to cement (w:c) ratio will determine the strength of the material after fully curing. Additives can be used to engineer the appropriate slurry for the application
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- Russo Corporation has been in business over
54 years and many of our personnel are lifetime
employees. We have built a talented and
experienced staff that allows our company to
take on the most difficult projects. Our employees
are experienced with the rigors of working in
highly scrutinized facilities and project sites. Our
operators and staff are well trained, highly skilled
individuals. The experience of our employees is
not easily substituted.
Our mechanical shops in Birmingham, Alabama
and Fort Worth, Texas service our field operations
to assure project schedules are met. Russo
Corporation demonstrates a high regard for safety
in all that we do. Our culture is one that cultivates a
safe work environment.
So whether you are looking for a competitive price
for a project or design-build assistance, Russo
Corporation can provide solutions to insure project
1421 Mims Avenue SW
Birmingham, Alabama 35211
Phone: (205) 923-4434
Fax: (205) 925-0665