Exploring TOXMAP Data in the ClassroomAccess Environmental Toxicology Data at TOXMAP
Accessing Environmental Toxicology Data at TOXMAP allows users to create and view maps of chemicals released into the air, ground, and water. Maps show the locations of facilities that have had chemical releases, and users can look up the type of release, amount of release, and trends over time. Users can create nationwide or local area maps by searching the EPA's Toxics Release Inventory by chemical name and/or place name.
Use and Relevance
TOXMAP is a Geographic Information System (GIS) that archives chemical release data. Scientists use the Toxic Release Inventory Program (TRI) to monitor release of environmentally relevant chemicals and to examine their distribution in soil, water and air surrounding reporting facilities.
Use in Teaching
This dataset can be used to teach the following topics and skills in environmental science and physical geography:
- Toxic waste emissions and distribution
- Environmental Justice
- Epidemiology and risk analyses
- Using data to generate maps with toxic release information
- Performing temporal and spatial comparisons of toxin release and distribution in soil, water, and air
- Combining datasets, such as toxic release map and US census data
- Comparing toxic release maps to physical information obtained from the USGS National Atlas to determine potential downstream sinks for released chemicals
- Analyzing properties of toxic chemicals, including manufacturing and use, environmental fate and exposure, and human health effects
- Environmental Health Risk Inventory of your Neighborhood: Detailed tutorial from Integrating Research and Education on how to use data from multiple sites, including TOXMAP, in the classroom.
- How Healthy is Your Neighborhood?: Detailed example and teaching notes for an activity that uses data from multiple sites, including TOXMAP (from Integrating Research and Education).
- TOXMAP - An Environmental Health Data Visualization Tool: A brief article discussing development of the TOXMAP site (from Proceedings of the 11th World Congress on Medical Informatics).
- Urban Environmental Justice Indices: An article that uses TRI data and GIS to develop environmental justice indices (from The Professional Geographer).
- Data at EPA's Superfund contain maps, chemical searches, information, and additional links.
- A glossary of terms is available at TOXMAP.
- About TOXMAP: Information about TOXMAP and its use.
- TRI program: Homepage for the TRI Program at the Environmental Protection Agency.
- Geology and Human Health: Collection of links related to geology and human health from Cutting Edge.
- Environmental Health Risk Inventory: Collection of resources from Integrating Research and Education. Provides links to additional tools and databases related to examining toxin release and human health risks.
- The National Library of Medicine provides a resources page on Environmental Health and Toxicology with links appropriate for students and educators from K-12 to the undergraduate level. Of particular interest for educators, is the EdTox collection of resources related to toxicology and environmental health education.
How Healthy is Your Neighborhood: Activity with teaching notes (from Integrating Research and Education)
Exploring the Data
Data Type and Presentation
Data are processed and presented on maps. Chemical release data can be superimposed on maps representing over 23,000 reporting facilities. Histograms representing chemical distribution in soil, air, and water are also provided for each reporting facility.
Accessing the Data
To initiate access to the data, users click on a map of the US or choose a specific state to examine (the map contains a zoom function that can be used to isolate an area of interest). Once the geographical location is chosen, color coded chemical release maps can be generated to examine a single chemical (in pounds released per year) or a trend (pounds released in a given year compared to an average of all previous years). The Integrating research and Education site provides a tutorial on accessing data from TOXMAP.
Manipulating Data and Creating Visualizations
Students can generate release maps for specific chemicals by location. Annual data are archived from 1987-2003, allowing for both temporal and spatial comparisons. US census data can be superimposed onto areas of interest. Maps can also be combined with data from Cancer Mortality Maps and Graphs and other demographic layers including, age, gender, income, and disease mortality.
Tools for Data Manipulation
The TOXMAP interface is used for generating chemical release maps and for overlaying US census data onto chemical release maps. Maps can be saved as JPEG images. Individual maps can be printed and examined. TOXMAP does not provide tools for combining multiple datasets.
About the Data
Chemical abundance in soil, water, and air is either collected or estimated on site at facilities.
Limitations and Sources of Error
Data are either measured or estimated by individual reporting facilities. The EPA examines chemical release data, but accuracy and quality of reported data is dependent upon methods at individual facilities. The data only includes Toxic Release Inventory Data, other toxic releases are not included in the datasets.