AM80 may protect the motor nerves from further damage by reducing inflammation. A synthetic retinoid, AM80 reduces the activation of cytotoxic macrophages, microglia and astrocytes blocking production of damaging inflammatory cytokines. Marketed under the name tamibarotene, the synthetic retinoid is currently being investigated as a treatment for many other diseases including Alzheimer’s disease and Lupus.
Anti-CD40L (TDI-846) may protect motor nerves from further deterioration by reducing inflammation. A monoclonal antibody directed against CD40 ligand, anti-CD40L downregulates the T co-stimulatory pathway, lowering the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that destroy the motor nerves. CD40L blockers are being developed for a number of conditions including arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and cancer.
APG101 aims to slow progression of ALS by reducing inflammation. A Fc fusion targeting CD95 (Fas) ligand, APG101 may reduce populations of activated monocytes and macrophages that infilitrate the brain and spinal cord - potentially damaging the motor nerves. APG101, developed by Apogenix, is currently being tested at the phase II stage as a potential treatment for a certain type of cancer.
Isolated originally from the roots of Canadian hemp, apocynin may protect motor nerves from further damage by reducing production of damaging reactive oxygen species. Apocynin is also being investigated as a treatment for respiratory diseases such as asthma.
Arimoclomol may reduce the levels of protein aggregates in the motor nerves, a possible cause of ALS, by boosting expression of chaperonins Hsp70 and Hsp90 which help newly synthesized proteins properly fold.
Rasagaline may help protect motor neurons in people with ALS by reducing levels of oxidative stress. An emerging neuroprotectant, rasagaline may also help slow motor neuron loss by bolstering mitochondria and boosting levels of neuroprotective substances. Marketed under the name Azilect, rasagiline is a monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor currently being used to help care for people with Parkinson’s Disease.
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