Basic Concept of Database Normalization
“Normalization” one of the most common word related to data base. In fact this is a interesting topics in Relational database systems. Let me explain this using some new examples….
“NORMALIZATION IS A PROCESS BY WHICH WE LOOK FORWARD OVER TWO FACTS : 1. REDUNDANT DATA ELIMINATION. 2.DATA DEPENDENCIES WILL MAKE SENSE. WHICH HELPS TO REDUCES THE DATABASE SPACE CONSUMPTION.”
Their are some series of guidelines are developed by the communities of database, known as first, second, third and fourth some how fifth normalization forms. But i am going to discuss only three of them :
1. First Normal Form :
Their are only two root rules
1.1 Their should be no duplicate columns.
1.2 For each group of related data their should be separate tables, in which identify each row uniquely by a column or set of column.
Example : This is EmployeeMaster as
|Emp Code||Emp Name||Emp City One||Emp City Two||Basic Salary||Var Salary||Total Salary|
So apply the first normal form, Emp City will come in one column and Emp Name will break in two fiels:
|Emp Code||Emp First Name||Emp Last Name||Emp City||Basic Salary||Var Salary||Total Salary|
Now the given record set is in the first normal form.
2. Second Normal Form :
This form state that after fulfilling all the condition of first normal form, their are two more conditions
2.1 Place those data in separate tables which are not directly related to the primary key of that table.
2.2 Create relationship between these tables using new table key (Foreign Key).
|Emp Code||Emp First Name||Emp Last Name||Emp City Id||Basic Salary||Var Salary||Total Salary|
And City Master become in scene
|City Id||City Name|
That is now takes our database to a second normal form.
3. Third Normal Form :
So now meet all the fundamentals for IInd normal form and then
3.1 Remove all the non key fields which are depend on other non key fields.
In our table “Total Salary” is a kind of field. So :
|Emp Code||Emp First Name||Emp Last Name||Emp City Id||Basic Salary||Var Salary|
So the “Total Salary” field is removed which can be easily get by “Basic Salary” + “Var Salary”.
Ok Now our Database is normalized at the stage of Third normal form.
These are most applicable normal forms of database. I am not giving the idea about fourth and fifth normal forms. I apologies for that. But they have been rarely used in database normalization.
Now Happy reading. Cheers.