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Significance and Use
4.1 Creep-fatigue testing is typically performed at elevated temperatures and involves the sequential or simultaneous application of the loading conditions necessary to generate cyclic deformation/damage enhanced by creep deformation/damage or vice versa. Unless such tests are performed in vacuum or an inert environment, oxidation can also be responsible for important interaction effects relating to damage accumulation. The purpose of creep-fatigue tests can be to determine material property data for (a) assessment input data for the deformation and damage condition analysis of engineering structures operating at elevated temperatures (b) the verification of constitutive deformation and damage model effectiveness (c) material characterization, or (d) development and verification of rules for new construction and life assessment of high-temperature components subject to cyclic service with low frequencies or with periods of steady operation, or both.
4.2 In every case, it is advisable to have complementary continuous cycling fatigue data (gathered at the same strain/loading rate) and creep data determined from test conducted as per Practice E139 for the same material and test temperature(s). The procedure is primarily concerned with the testing of round bar test specimens subjected (at least remotely) to uniaxial loading in either force or strain control. The focus of the procedure is on tests in which creep and fatigue deformation and damage is generated simultaneously within a given cycle. Data which may be determined from creep-fatigue tests performed under such conditions may characterize (a) cyclic stress-strain deformation response (b) cyclic creep (or relaxation) deformation response (c) cyclic hardening, cyclic softening response or (d) cycles to crack formation, or both.
4.3 While there are a number of testing Standards and Codes of Practice that cover the determination of low cycle fatigue deformation and cycles to crack initiation properties (See Practice E606, BS 7270: 2000, JIS Z 2279–1992, PrEN 3874, 1998, PrEN 3988–1998, ISO 12106–2003, ISO 12111–2005, and Practice E2368-04 and (1, 2, 3)7, some of which provide guidance for testing at high temperature (for example, Practice E606, ISO 12106–2003, and Practice E2368-04, there is no single standard which specifically prescribes a procedure for creep-fatigue testing.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of mechanical properties pertaining to creep-fatigue deformation or crack formation in nominally homogeneous materials, or both by the use of test specimens subjected to uniaxial forces under isothermal conditions. It concerns fatigue testing at strain rates or with cycles involving sufficiently long hold times to be responsible for the cyclic deformation response and cycles to crack formation to be affected by creep (and oxidation). It is intended as a test method for fatigue testing performed in support of such activities as materials research and development, mechanical design, process and quality control, product performance, and failure analysis. The cyclic conditions responsible for creep-fatigue deformation and cracking vary with material and with temperature for a given material.
1.3 This test method is primarily aimed at providing the material properties required for assessment of defect-free engineering structures containing features that are subject to cyclic loading at temperatures that are sufficiently high to cause creep deformation.
1.4 This test method is applicable to the determination of deformation and crack formation or nucleation properties as a consequence of either constant-amplitude strain-controlled tests or constant-amplitude force-controlled tests. It is primarily concerned with the testing of round bar test specimens subjected to uniaxial loading in either force or strain control. The focus of the procedure is on tests in which creep and fatigue deformation and damage is generated simultaneously within a given cycle. It does not cover block cycle testing in which creep and fatigue damage is generated sequentially. Data that may be determined from creep-fatigue tests performed under conditions in which creep-fatigue deformation and damage is generated simultaneously include (a) cyclic stress- strain deformation response (b) cyclic creep (or relaxation) deformation response (c) cyclic hardening, cyclic softening response (d) cycles to formation of a single crack or multiple cracks in test specimens.
1.5 This test method is applicable to temperatures and strain rates for which the magnitudes of time-dependent inelastic strains (creep) are on the same order or larger than time-independent inelastic strain.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E111 Test Method for Youngs Modulus, Tangent Modulus, and Chord Modulus
E139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
E467 Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dynamic Forces in an Axial Fatigue Testing System
E606 Practice for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
E647 Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1012 Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Specimen Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial Force Application
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
E2368 Practice for Strain Controlled Thermomechanical Fatigue Testing
BSI StandardsBS1041-4:1992 Temperature measurement - Part 4: Guide to the selection and use of thermocouples BS7270:2000 Method for Constant Amplitude Strain Controlled Fatigue Testing
CEN StandardsEN60584-1–1996 Thermocouples - Reference tables (IEC 584-1) EN60584-2–1993 Thermocouples - Tolerances (IEC 584-2) PrEN3874–1998 Test methods for metallic materials - constant amplitude force-controlled low cycle fatigue testing PrEN3988–1998 Test methods for metallic materials - constant amplitude strain-controlled low cycle fatigue testing
ISO StandardsISO12106–2003 Metallic materials - Fatigue testing - Axial strain-controlled method ISO12111–2005 (Draft) Strain-controlled thermo-mechanical fatigue testing method ISO5725–1994 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods ISO7500-1–2004 Metallic materials - Verification of static uniaxial testing machines - Part 1. Tension/compression testing machines - Verification and calibration of the force measuring system ISO9513–1999 Metallic materials - Calibration of extensometers used in axial testing
JIS StandardJISZ2279–1992 Method of high temperature low cycle fatigue testing for metallic materials
ICS Number Code 19.060 (Mechanical testing)
UNSPSC Code 41114608(Fatigue testers)
ASTM E2714-13, Standard Test Method for Creep-Fatigue Testing, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2013, www.astm.orgBack to Top