One of the biggest problems with warm season food plots is weed competition. Some are grasses and some broadleaf weeds, but they are all an eyesore and steal moisture and nutrients from your wildlife plots.
By Austin Delano
Cocklebur and Johnson grass are two of the most common food plot weeds in the south. They seems to be giving a lot of food plotters problems this year in their fields across the country. Most anyone who has spent time farming or food plotting is familiar with Johnson grass. If you don’t have any to deal with on your property, count yourself blessed. It is a notorious, invasive weed that is very drought resistant, fast spreading, and can be tough to eliminate.
Johnson grass is a tall perennial grass that is adapted to a variety of habitats that range from old fields, to wetlands, farm land, and everything between. Johnson grass is very aggressive and spreads quickly by seeds and rhizomes, and competes heavily for root space in food plots and row crops. It also puts off a toxin that keeps other plants from being able to grow in close proximity. Johnson grass can be controlled with non-selective herbicides such as glyphosate-based Round-Up or grass-specific herbicides including BioLogic’s new Weed Reaper Grass Control or a chemical equivalent using clethodim as the active chemical.
The key to controlling Johnson grass in plots is to spray when it is young (less than 18 inches) and in an aggressive growing stage. Left untouched it will go to seed stage and grow to 5-8 feet tall, creating a scenario where a non-selective herbicide is your only choice. Mowing is not recommended, especially if it is in a seed stage, as this will only spread seeds and encourage new growth and spreading of rhizomes. If you spot Johnson grass or any other unwanted invasive grasses in your plots this year, be sure to spray when they are young to get a good kill and control these unwanted plants. They can quickly overtake a plot and spoil your hard work.
Another very common food plot weed in the south is the Cocklebur. This herbaceous annual is easily recognized by its prickly bur-like fruit that sticks to clothing and is most painful on accidental contact to skin. The burs, which contain two seeds, help spread the plants by clinging to animal fur and people’s clothing. Several species grow in North America, all which are very similar in appearance. In row crop fields, floodplains, and unattended fields, they can grow to be solid stands, and are also poisonous to livestock.
Cockleburs can become problems in many food plots, CRP, and other plantings meant for wildlife improvement. Cockleburs are readily controlled with herbicides and should be sprayed and eliminated when young plants begin to develop. In annual summer legumes such as peas, beans, or lablab, cockleburs should be sprayed with imazamox which is soon available in BioLogic’s Weed Reaper Broadleaf Control. 2,4DB is also a good choice of herbicide to kill cockleburs in legume plots, corn and sorghum.
As big of a nuisance this plant has been to farmers and ranchers for so long, it has some unique characteristics that have led to some surprising discoveries. Known as a short day plant, cockleburs flower anytime a single day has less than 15.5 hrs of light. This stimulates the bloom and production of the burs. The plants ability to tell time so precisely has led to it being used in countless experiments and studies on plants’ response to day length and photoperiod.
Another less known fact was its part in the invention of one of the most useful and well known fabrics in the world. This wonder fabric called Velcro was pioneered after a Swiss engineer noticed his wool socks and dogs fur were covered in the spiny fruits of the Cocklebur plant. After further investigation, the microscopic hook shape ends were revealed and their ability to stick to fabrics, specifically ones that had a closed loop. This process was duplicated using nylon fabric and called Velcro.
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