Normal Growth And Development Of Preschoolers
What is the normal growth and development of preschoolers?
Normal growth and development is how your preschooler grows physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially. A preschooler is 2 to 5 years old.
What physical changes happen?
- Your child may gain about 4 to 6 pounds each year. Boys may weigh about 29 to 40 pounds during this time. They may be 35 to 42 inches tall. Girls may weigh 27 to 39 pounds. They may be 34 to 42 inches tall.
- Your child's balance will continue to improve. He will be able to stand on one foot. He will also learn to walk up and down the stairs alternating his feet. He may also be able to skip and throw a ball. During these years he learns to dress and feed himself and to use the toilet on his own.
- Your child will improve his fine motor skills. He will learn to hold a book and turn the pages. He will learn to hold a pen and write his name.
What emotional and social changes happen?
You have the biggest influence on your child's emotional and social development. Your child will become more independent. He will start to be interested in playing with other children. Simple tasks, such as dressing himself, will help boost his self-confidence. He will learn how to handle his emotions better and the frustration and temper tantrums will improve.
What mental changes happen?
- Your child has a very active imagination. He may be afraid of the dark and may fear monsters or ghosts. He may pretend to be another character when he plays. He will learn his colors and letters. He will start to learn the idea of time. He will be able to retell familiar stories and follow complex directions.
- Your child's vocabulary increases. He may use 4 or more words to make sentences. He may use basic rules of grammar, such as talking in the past tense.
How can I help my preschooler?
- Help your child get enough sleep. He needs 11 to 13 hours each day, including 1 or 2 naps. Set up a routine at bedtime. Make sure his room is cool and dark.
- Give your child a variety of healthy foods each day. This includes fruit, vegetables, and protein, such as chicken, fish, and beans. Preschoolers can be picky about what they eat. Do not force your child to eat. Give him water to drink. Have your child sit with the family at mealtime, even if he does not want to eat.
- Let your child have play time. Play time helps him learn and develops his imagination. Play time also improves his skills and gives him self-confidence.
- Read with your child to help develop his language and reading skills. Ask your child simple questions about the story to develop learning and memory. Place books that are appropriate for his age within his reach.
- Set clear rules and be consistent. Set limits for your child. Praise and reward him when he does something positive. Do not criticize or show disapproval when your child has done something wrong. Instead, explain what you would like him to do and tell him why.
- Listen when your child speaks. Be patient and use short, clear sentences to help him learn to communicate clearly.
What are some safety tips?
- Do not give your child small objects that can fit in his mouth and cause him to choke. Choose safe toys without small parts.
- Do not give your child toys with sharp edges. Do not let him play with plastic bags, rope, or cords.
- Clean your child's toys regularly and store them safely. Make sure your child's toys are made of nontoxic material.
Care AgreementYou have the right to help plan your child's care. Learn about your child's health condition and how it may be treated. Discuss treatment options with your child's caregivers to decide what care you want for your child. The above information is an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatments. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before following any medical regimen to see if it is safe and effective for you.
© 2014 Truven Health Analytics Inc. Information is for End User's use only and may not be sold, redistributed or otherwise used for commercial purposes. All illustrations and images included in CareNotes® are the copyrighted property of A.D.A.M., Inc. or Truven Health Analytics.