Cloned cells can repair mouse hearts
Tuesday, 10 February 2004
Stem cells taken from cloned mice have regenerated mouse hearts damaged by heart attacks, U.S. researchers have shown.
The stem cells grew into tiny blood vessels and heart muscle cells, a more efficient and faster repair process than using so-called adult stem cells taken from bone marrow, the researchers said.
The team at Advanced Cell Technology, a biotechnology company based in Massachusetts, reported its results online in the American Heart Association journal Circulation Research.
"We restored myocardial [heart muscle] function and replaced 40% of the scar tissue," said Dr Robert Lanza, chief medical officer for the company and lead author of the paper.
"This is the first paper to show that cloned stem cells can repair damaged tissue in vivo."
Lanza said the cloning process seemed to have rejuvenated the cells.
Their study will add ammunition to the argument that cloning technology offers the promise of being superior to other forms of stem cell research.
Stem cells are the body's master cells, giving rise to fresh tissue. They exist in all blood and tissue but adult stem cells are rare and difficult to redirect.
For instance, it may be possible to get a blood cell to become brain tissue, but it requires many steps and much manipulation.
Another avenue involves using embryonic stem cells, which have yet to differentiate into tissue. They have the potential to become any kind of cell, but many people object to using human embryonic stem cells because it involves using cloning techniques on human cells.
Several groups have tried to repair diseased human hearts by infusing stem cells into the damaged tissue, some with remarkable results. But it is not clear how long-lived the treatment is.
Embryonic stem cells
Lanza's team cloned mice and removed foetal liver stem cells from the embryos. They injected the stem cells into the hearts of mice given artificial heart attacks by blocking key arteries.
A control group of mice were also given similar heart attacks to see what would happen without treatment.
Within three weeks, 38% of the heart tissue killed by the heart attack was alive and working again, Lanza said. In the controls, the dead tissue, called an infarct, stayed dead.
In humans, some researchers have used the patients' own bone marrow cells to repair damaged hearts but it takes time to remove the cells and get them to grow into large enough numbers to use.
Lanza said the advantage of using cloned cells was it required about one-tenth as many cells, which meant it took less time to grow a dose. Time is of the essence in treating a heart attack, he said.
"A 46% infarct results in a few days in irreversible congestive heart failure and death in humans, indicating how dramatic can be the outcome of the disease and how important is the possibility of rapid intervention, myocardial regeneration, and reduction of infarct size," his team wrote.
Plus, he said, the cloning process has been shown to regenerate cells, returning them to youthful vigour. This presumably would mean any repair using cloned cells would last longer than one using adult cells.