About to lose it: rings, polynomials, and ideals.
Questions are attached. This isn't homework or to be graded; it is exam preparation, and I feel so helpless with it. The only question I am positive I have a solution for is "c." Clearly if we are given two polynomials f(x) and g(x) with leading terms a*x^n and b*x^m, the leading term of f(x)g(x) is a*b*x^(m+n). a and b are elements of an integral domain, therefore a*b != 0, which also shows that D[x] is an integral domain.
Now, "b" seems simple, but I can't quite figure it out. My professor only said "there's a theorem for that." I see that in the field F, n*1 != 0 for any n in the integers. It would seem reasonable to assume that the set n*1 forms a subring over addition and multiplication. A simple function from the subring S to Z (and Z to S) can be constructed, but he informed me that this wasn't sufficient to prove S was isomorphic to Z. Following this failed aspect of the proof, it is rather simple to show that some subfield of F is isomorphic to Q, as Q is a quotient ring of Z: this means that there is some quotient ring of S isomorphic to Q.
Re: About to lose it: rings, polynomials, and ideals.
For your specific question, the set is easily shown to be a subfield of F. ( exists since F has characteristic 0). Next the map:
is an isomorphism onto Q -- you have to show f is well defined and then is an isomorphism, grunge work but easy.