Cancer Drug Rituxan Cuts MS Flare-ups
Studies Show Multiple Sclerosis Patients Taking Rituxan Have Fewer Brain Lesions
WebMD News Archive
May 1, 2007 (Boston) -- A drug that is already used to treat cancer and
rheumatoid arthritis cut by more than half the chance that people with multiple
sclerosis would have their symptoms flare up over a six-month period,
In two early studies, people taking the drug, Rituxan, also had fewer areas
of damage, or lesions, in their brain than those on placebo.
"We believe that if we can prevent these lesions, we can modify the
course of this disease," says researcher Stephen Hauser, MD, chairman of
neurology at the University of California, San Francisco, and president of the
American Neurological Association.
If the research pans out, "this would be a very attractive and probably
blockbuster therapy," he tells WebMD.
The research was presented at the American Academy of Neurology's 59th
How Rituxan Works
The exact cause of multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown. But the disease is
thought to be triggered by a malfunction in the immune system that prompts
immune cells to attack the brain and/or spinal cord. The most common form of
multiple sclerosis is a relapsing-remitting form in which relapses or
"attacks" of worsening neurologic function appear, and then disappear,
for months or years at a time.
Like many other drugs for MS, Rituxan targets the immune system to help calm
the inflammation that scars nerves, leading to disease progression. But Rituxan
homes in on the immune system in a brand new way, Hauser says.
The drug works by targeting cells in the immune system called B cells, which
make antibodies that contribute to the disease process. B cells also secrete
chemicals that can encourage inflammation, he says.
Though never compared head-to-head, the early research hints that the drug
is twice as effective as drugs such as interferon that are now used to treat
multiple sclerosis, he says.
Also, it's more convenient, requiring only two infusions every six months or
so instead of the daily to weekly injections associated with current therapies,