Carbon monoxide in cigarettes
Cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide. When inhaled, carbon monoxide in cigarettes reduces
the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen to tissues in the body and brain.
As carbon monoxide levels in the blood increase, oxygen
levels in the blood decrease. Carbon monoxide in cigarettes displaces oxygen with carbon monoxide, decreasing the
oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.
More is known about the dangers of smoking than ever before yet millions of people worldwide are addicted and
struggle to quit. Cigarettes are dangerous in several ways.
Awareness campaigns have helped educate the public on the hazards of cigarette smoke. However, while many people
know that smoking can lead to lung disease and cancer, far fewer know about carbon monoxide in cigarettes.
Carbon monoxide is present in all tobacco smoke and is a health risk that all smokers should know about.
Cigarette users inhale four times the carbon monoxide found in car exhaust. The smoke from one pack of
cigarettes can raise the carbon monoxide concentration in a home to twice the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
safety limit for outdoor air.
Carbon monoxide is colorless, odourless, tasteless, and non-irritating. Other than the possibility of a tell
tale headache when it reaches a certain level in the blood stream,
carbon monoxide exposure is virtually impossible for a human to detect.
Carbon monoxide in cigarettes reduces the absorption of oxygen into the blood stream through the lungs. It also
reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of red blood cells. When tissues in the body do not receive a continuous and
adequate supply of oxygen they become starved of oxygen and begin to suffocate, malfunction, and then die.
A normal carbon monoxide level in the blood stream is less
than 8 parts per million (PPM). A person that smokes one pack of cigarettes per day has a blood carbon monoxide level of
20 parts per million. A person that smokes two packs a day may have a blood carbon monoxide level of 40 parts
per million. When a smoker stops smoking, the carbon monoxide level in their blood stream typically returns to
normal level within a few days.
Cigarette smokers increase the carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level in their blood stream by an average of 5% per pack smoked per day. A person that
smokes a pack of cigarettes in an 8-hour time period will see their carbon monoxide blood saturation level
(COHb) rise to between 7 and 15 percent.
Otherwise healthy smokers seem to be able to tolerate carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels of 10% without having symptoms. Obvious signs of toxic effects usually appear at
carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels of 15 to 20%. A level of 25% is a measure of severe poisoning and can lead to
sudden loss of consciousness.
Compared to high levels of carbon monoxide exposure, cigarettes appear less threatening. Smoking does not create
carbon monoxide levels that pose an urgent health threat. However, this is not to say that the body does not suffer
from exposure to the carbon monoxide in cigarettes. The carbon monoxide in a cigarette can almost instantly cause a
shortness of breath and an increased heart rate.
Over time a smoker’s health risk can [significantly] rise and prolonged periods of carbon monoxide exposure,
even at low levels, can lead to heart disease. Carbon monoxide in tobacco also contributes to fat build-up on
artery walls. This is potentially dangerous and can be the cause of heart failure.
Nicotine in cigarettes causes a short-term increase in blood pressure, heart rate, and blood flow. Nicotine can
also cause arteries to constrict. The carbon monoxide in cigarettes lowers the amount of oxygen the blood is able
to carry. The combination of carbon monoxide in tobacco and the effects of nicotine increase the demand for oxygen
while simultaneously reducing the amount of oxygen that the blood can supply.
Smoking poses multiple risks and unfortunately, most people do not realize that carbon monoxide exposure is one
of them. Carbon monoxide in cigarettes is yet another why smoking is dangerous!
Carbon monoxide in second hand tobacco smoke
Second hand tobacco smoke is the single largest contributor to indoor air pollution when a smoker is present.
Carbon monoxide in cigarettes affects more than just the smoker.
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