Gan, XL, Huang, WG, Li, XF, Chen, XJ, Lou, XL, Zhao, ZX, Yang, JS, Shi, AQ (2008). "Coastally trapped atmospheric gravity waves on SAR, AVHRR and MODIS images". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING, 29(6), 1621-1634.
Alternative dark-bright patterns on two ENVISAT Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) images of the east coast of the Korean Peninsula acquired on 18 and 19 May 2004 are interpreted as atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) on the basis of simultaneous multi-satellite observations and atmospheric gravity wave theory. The AGWs appeared in the form of a wave packet containing several waves located between 50 and 200 km offshore. The wavelengths were ranging from 13 to 20 km. The lengths of AGW crests were from 20 to 150 km. An NOAA-17 pass was received about 30 min after the ASAR pass. Its channel 4 infrared (IR) image clearly shows wave-like moisture patterns. However, the sea surface temperature (SST) image derived after applying nonlinear calibration and split-window atmospheric correction shows no wave patterns. A daytime true-colour MODIS image taken about 14h later still shows a cloud band of same AGWs, indicating the lifespan of the standing AGWs can be over half a day. Although oceanic internal waves (IWs) may also cause similar wave patterns imaged by spaceborne SAR as they modulate the ocean surface roughness, we provide evidence to eliminate this possibility in this case. The characteristics of satellite observed AGWs are in good agreement with these simulated by a linear coastal AGW model.