BARANGAY SYSTEM DURING THE PRE-SPANISH ERA
|They used to be our Malayan ancestors with the Balangay boat that they used for their migration in the archepilago.|
source: Retrieved from http://wylz.artician.com/portfolio/Austronesians-and-Balangay-boat/
|This illustration is the shrine of Kalantiaw found|
in Batan, Aklan.
source: retrieved from http://holyweek3.tripod.com/aklan/index.album/kalantiaw-shrine-batan?i=36
· SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF A BARANGAY IN PRE-COLONIAL ERA
In a develop Barangays in an area the Datu was on the top of all. The social order in a barangay was divided into three classes.
1. As what I have said above the Datu belongs to the highest class in the society. The wealthiest person of the community. He has slaves and he is the leader. In terms of marriage, they only marry their own kind to maintain the purity of their bloodline. They search the whole community to find a deserving woman and the datu contracted her with golds and jewelries.
|This is an illustration of a datu with his family.|
Retrieved from http://philippineamericanwar.webs.com/
2. Next, was the free man or the timawas. Term timawa refers to an intermediate social class among the various cultures of the Philippines before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th and 17th centuries. These groups of people do or make things according to their will. They were not paid they work for themselves. They cannot be sold.
|This is an illustration of the timawas before the colonialization of the|
Spaniards in the archepilago.
Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timawa
a. Aliping namamahay – it is the slave with a higher status. They were slaves but then they were ale to live on the house. They can’t be sold.
b. Aliping saguiguilid –it is a slaves with a lower status. They were paid and they can be sold.
· PHILIPPINE CULTURE IN PRE-SPANISH ERA
In terms of clothing our ancestors had been using clothes and ornaments. There we have the bahag for men and a putong. While for women, baro that was their upper garments, it was a sleeved jacket. Over their saya or patadyong (skirt) there was a tapis, it is a strip of cloth that was wrapped at the saya. It looks like a malong with a checkered design. Primarily, women used it as a tucked-in skirt topped by a kimona.They also wear gold bracelets, earring and necklaces.
|The illustration above is the patadyong that our female ancestors long time|
ago was wearing, while the picture below was the illustration of the bahag that
being used by our male ancestors
|This illustration above was the house of our ancestors. A bahay kubo|
wherein it is still existing and some people were still using it
especially those katutubos
Retrieved from: http://chengho.fairchildgarden.org/?m=2009119
|This is the ancient tagalog script the Baybayin script.|
Retrieved from: http://christuerex.org/
· RELIGION DURING PRE-SPANISH ERA
Our ancestors back then were used to worship all natural. I mean they’ve been worshiping anitos or the nature gods, like the God of the sun, wind, air, water, and even stones. Animism, is the term used to describe the indigenous spiritual traditions practiced in the Philippines during pre-colonial times. And also the priestesses (babaylan/katalonan), tribal historians and wizened elders that provided the spiritual and traditional life of the community.
|This has been the representation of the anitos that our ancestors |
Retrieved from http://kapwakaluluwa.tumblr.com/page/7
BARANGAY SYSTEM DURING THE SPANISH COLONIZATION
On the 16th century, it was the beginning of the Spaniards colonization in Philippine archipelago. Ferdinand Magellan headed the first Spanish explorer to the Philippines on 1521, meeting untimely death in Cebu. The invasion of the Filipino did not begin in 1564; it was on the arrival of the 5th expedition that the Spain sent. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi commanded it. During the Spanish colonization our natives’ set of government had been affected. The Cabeza de Barangay (Spanish for "head of the barangay") was the leader or chief of a barangay in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. The Cabeza de Barangay was now their form of government. It was also called a principalia, they were the Datu, Sultan and Lakan. The Spaniards gave the position in the cabeza de barangay to the datu in order to help them colonize our island. They used the datu to protect their country against the Filipinos. As the head, he promotes and collects the taxes from the community and gave it to the Spaniards. They didn’t even get paid to the service that they’ve been giving to them. They were just exempted of paying the tax. During the Spanish colonization the government had 2 branches the executive and judicial. The only laws of the Philippine were the laws created by the Governor-general who was the leader of the government.
|The govenor-general during the Spanish Colonization|
Retrieved from http://philippineamericanwar.webs.com/treatyofparis.htm
· SOCIAL STRUCTURES DE BARANGAY DURING SPANISH COLONIAL TIMES
1. Principalia - nobility class was the social and educated class in the towns of colonial Philippines composed of the Gobernadorcillo (Town Mayor), or the Cabeza de Barangay (Chief of the Barangay) who governed the districts and the awardees of the medal of Civil Merit. They were exempted from force labor, can be elected to public office and allowed to vote.
2. The Ilustrados - (Spanish for erudite, learned, or "enlightened ones) constituted the Filipino educated class during the Spanish colonial period in the late 19th century. They were the middle class educated and exposed to Spanish nationalist ideals.
|This is the illustrados, Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Mariano Ponce|
3. Native intellectuals
a. Indios- natives usually malays
b. Insulares-those were born in the country that their parents were pure Spanish
c. Meztisos – those were the filipinos having both Filipinos and Spaniards bloodline.
d. Peninsulares – Spaniards born in Spain
- PHILIPPINE CULTURE DURING COLONIAL TIMES
During these times, some of our early culture has not been perished. The bayanihan attitude, the strong family ties and being hospitable were still here. Well, as the time progresses in the 16th century during the colonization period, the Spanish influenced us so much. The Spanish colonization of the Spaniards in the archipelago lasted for more than 300 years. At those times, we can see the presence of Spanish influence in many aspects in our culture. Like for example the Tagalog were language, there were plenty Spanish word that has been borrowed. In terms of religion, back then our ancestors were worshiping anitos or animism. But at these times, it is the Christianism which was introduced to our ancestor by the Spaniards. While in traditions, they were introduced to a fiesta celebration, wedding ceremony, baptism, birthdays and a whole lot more. These traditions were originally came from the Spain brought in the archipelago and was accepted by some of our ancestors.