US 7389430 B2
A method for providing access control to a single sign-on computer network is disclosed. A user is assigned to multiple groups within a computer network. In response to an access request by the user, the computer network determines a group pass count based on a user profile of the user. The group pass count is a number of groups in which the access request meets all their access requirements. The computer network grants the access request if the group pass count is greater than a predetermined high group pass threshold value.
1. A method for providing access control to a single sign-on computer network, said method comprising:
associating a user to a plurality of groups, wherein each of said plurality of groups has a set of policy defined parameters utilized to grant the user access to network resources, said associating a user to a plurality of groups comprising:
tracking access requests granted to said user; and
associating the user with one or more groups in accordance with the frequency with which the one or more groups are utilized to grant the access requests;
in response to an access request by said user, determining a group pass count based on a user profile of said user, wherein said group pass count is a number of said plurality of groups having access requirements that are met by said user profile; and
granting said access request if said group pass count is greater than a predetermined high group pass threshold value.
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1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to computer security in general, and in particular to a method for providing access control to computer networks. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to a method for providing access control to single sign-on computer networks.
2. Description of the Related Art
For a large institution, such as a corporation, university, etc., computer security has been primarily focused on stopping external threats. However, it is expected that more than 70% of all intrusions to a computer network within a large institution come from internal sources. In other words, the majority of the security threats to a computer network of a large institution comes from its own employees. Regardless of whether the intrusions to the computer network are intentional or not, such intrusions may end up costing the institution millions of dollars.
With external hackers, network administrators can use firewalls and/or other computer security tools to detect and stop intrusions to a computer network. But with internal “hackers,” network administrators are left without any useful tools to combat the intrusion problem because firewalls and other computer security tools are ineffective when the attacker is already inside the institution. In addition, network administrators must be able to maintain a delicate balance between access control and ease of access to a computer network. To that goal, a single sign-on approach is designed to simplify the process of accessing to resources within a computer network while maintaining access control to the computer network. With a single sign-on computer network, an employee can authenticate himself/herself to use most, if not all, resources within the computer network by simply signing on to the computer network once instead of logging on to various resources, such as the mail server, file server, web server, etc., separately.
With the single sign-on approach, a network administrator still has to define access permissions for each employee to each resource within the computer network initially. Such practice is prohibitively tedious from a network management standpoint as well as from a usability standpoint. In order to reduce setup time, employees may be divided into groups for the purpose of granting network access permissions. However, every employee within an institution is typically unique, and it is not uncommon to grant special access permissions to each employee in order to allow for individual circumstances, which in essence defeats the benefit of grouping. Besides, group permissions tend to be very restrictive and often limit employees' ability to perform their job efficiently. Because the current method of providing access control to a single sign-on system is both limiting and inefficient, it would be desirable to furnish an improved method for providing access control to a single sign-on computer system.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a user is assigned to multiple groups within a computer network. In response to an access request by the user, the computer network determines a group pass count based on a user profile of the user. The group pass count is a number of groups in which the access request meets all their access requirements. The computer network grants the access request if the group pass count is greater than a predetermined high group pass threshold value.
All objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following detailed written description.
The invention itself, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objects, and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Referring now to the drawings and, in particular, to
With reference now to
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each user of computer network 10 is assigned to at least one group. Each group has a set of policies defining the parameters (or criteria) a user must meet in order to access any resource within the group. Policies may include parameters such as day of the week, time of day, resources being accessed, internet protocol (IP) address from which an access request is originated, port address from which an access request is originated, etc. In order for a group to serve an access request, the user profile of the user who initiates the access request must be able to meet a certain percentage of the parameters defined by the group.
In a large institution, each user most likely belongs to more than one group. Preferably, each user can be dynamically assigned to different groups. Because large institutions are generally complex in their organization, each user tends to have special requirements for his/her computing needs. Thus, a network administrator can have the option for the computer network to recommend groups with which a user should be associated. The dynamic group association can be accomplished by running user requests by each group in the computer network for a specific length of time. The computer network then keeps track of all the access requests each user had made and the groups in which access requests were granted. Based on an observation that certain groups are found to be more frequently requested and granted to a user, the association of those groups to that user will be recommended to the network administrator. As such, the network administrator can utilize the statistical information tracked by the computer system to make group assignment for an user automatically.
In addition, profile checker 12 develops a group profile for a group by tracking the actions of users in that group only. For example, a marketing group profile is formulated by users who belong to the marketing group only. Profile checker 12 also develops a user profile for each user by tracking all the activities of each user accordingly. By tracking multiple users across multiple groups within computer network 10, profile checker 12 can develop multiple levels of user profiles and group profiles.
Profile checker 12 monitors a user's request for access to any resource within computer network 10. After receiving an access request from a user, transaction processor 12 loads the user profile from profile database 24. Profile builder 22 adds the information from the access request onto the existing user profile. The access request is then passed through parameter checker 23 to determine if the access request violates certain predefined parameters. The result of a profile check simply states whether the access request is normal or abnormal. The result is subsequently passed back to the authorization system 11 (from
If the result of the profile check states that the access request is normal, the access request is granted without any further actions. If the result of a profile check states that access request is abnormal, then various actions can take place. First, an alert is send to a network administrator (or to a database) to make sure someone is alerted of the abnormal behavior. Next, computer network 10 either denies the access request or grants the access request and tracks the access request. If computer network 10 denies the access request, the denial can either be for that particular resource only or for all resources within computer network 10, and the user is required to call the help desk to clear the denial. Although the user is given more rights in the alternative approach (i.e., monitoring all access requests made to any resource by the user after granting access to the user), an audit trail detailing all the affected components are generated, and such information can be used as evidence for prosecution if necessary.
For example, once a session manager within authorization system 11 (from
Referring now to
After all the groups to which the user belongs have been checked, a determination is made as to whether or not the group pass count is greater than a high group pass threshold, as shown in block 35. If the group pass count is greater than the high group pass threshold, the request is granted, as depicted in block 36. If the pass count is smaller than the high group pass threshold, then another determination is made as to whether or not the group pass count is less than a low group pass threshold, as shown in block 37. If the pass count is less than the low group pass threshold, then the request is denied and an alert is raised, as shown in block 40. However, if the group pass count is greater than the low group pass threshold, then the request is checked against the user profile, as depicted in block 38. If the request is within normal parameters of the user profile, the request is granted, as shown in block 36. Otherwise, if the request violates the user profile, then an alert is sent to the network administrator, as depicted in block 38, but the request is still granted, as shown in block 36.
As has been described, the present invention provides an improved method for providing access control to single sign-on computer networks. With the present invention, a network administrator can set up access controls to all resources within a computer network as easy as one. The present invention allows an user to access all resources not strictly prohibited.
Based on the choice of the network administrator, the group policy of a computer network can be refined by adding or removing specific parameters from profiles. With the present invention, user profiles and group profiles are highly dynamic to adapt to each user's needs. Over time, the computer network can build a more comprehensive understanding of each user's actions and such understanding can be improved over time to become a so-called normal access pattern. A denial of access to a user should occur only when the user deviates too much from his/her normal access pattern.
It is also important to note that although the present invention has been described in the context of a fully functional computer system, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the present invention are capable of being distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that the present invention applies equally regardless of the particular type of signal bearing media utilized to actually carry out the distribution. Examples of signal bearing media include, without limitation, recordable type media such as floppy disks or CD ROMs and transmission type media such as analog or digital communications links.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.