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Zheltovsky volcano was constructed during the last 8000 years within a 4 x 5 km caldera truncating an earlier Pleistocene edifice. A late-Holocene explosive eruption formed a 1.6-km-wide summit crater that was subsequently largely filled by four lava domes, the latest of which forms the present 1953-m-high summit. Several of the lava domes were emplaced along the buried SE rim of the summit crater. More than ten cinder cones and lava domes were constructed on the flanks, particularly on the NW side. Only a few eruptions are known in historical time. The largest, in 1923, produced explosive activity and a lava flow down the SE flank that also partly flowed into the summit crater.
Summary of Holocene eruption dates and Volcanic Explosivity Indices (VEI).
|Start Date||Stop Date||Eruption Certainty||VEI||Evidence||Activity Area or Unit|
|[ 1972 Mar ]||[ Unknown ]||Uncertain||1|
|1923 Feb 11||1923 Apr||Confirmed||3||Historical Observations|
|[ 1823 ± 5 years ]||[ Unknown ]||Uncertain|
|3050 BCE (?)||Unknown||Confirmed||5||Radiocarbon (uncorrected)|
|6050 BCE (?)||Unknown||Confirmed||Tephrochronology|
|7050 BCE ± 1000 years||Unknown||Confirmed||5||Tephrochronology|
This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.
|Zheltovskaia, Sopka | Utaschut | Sheltowskij | Utashut|
|Zheltovsky volcano, seen here from Diky Greben volcano to its SW, was constructed during the last 8000 years within a 4 x 5 km caldera truncating an earlier Pleistocene edifice. A late-Holocene explosive eruption formed a 1.6-km-wide summit crater that was largely filled by four lava domes, the latest of which forms the present 1953-m-high summit. Only a few eruptions are known in historical time. The largest, in 1923, produced explosive activity and a lava flow down the SE flank that partially flowed into the summit crater.
Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).
|The maar crater in the foreground was created during an eruption in 1901 on the NE flank of Ilyinsky volcano. Light-colored tephra deposits from the maar-forming eruption cap the rim of the crater and blanket the flanks of the volcano. At the end of the eruption, lava was extruded on the floor of the 200-m deep, 1-km-wide crater. Snow-streaked Zheltovsky, another historically active stratovolcano, rises to the NE.
Photo by Philip Kyle, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, IVGG, Petropavlovsk).
|Zheltovsky stratovolcano rises across a broad valley NE of Ilyinsky volcano. The flat shelf on the right flank of Zheltovsky is the eastern rim of a 4 x 5 km, largely buried Pleistocene caldera. The dark mass seen halfway down the left horizon is a lava dome constructed over the western rim of the caldera. The western rim of a smaller, late-Holocene caldera forms the break in slope on the left side just below the summit lava-dome complex. The crater in the foreground is a NE-flank maar of Ilyinsky that formed in 1901.
Photo by Nikolai Smelov, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).
|The circular caldera at the center of this Space Shuttle image with north to the upper right is Pizrak caldera. The dark-colored cone within the caldera is Kell, a small Holocene stratovolcano. This remote volcanic complex in southern Kamchatka consists of three partially nested 3-5 km wide calderas containing lava domes and small stratovolcanoes, of which 900-m-high Kell volcano is the highest. The large stratovolcano at the lower left, immediately south of Kell, is historically active Zheltovsky volcano.
NASA Space Shuttle image ISS004-E-11700, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).
The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography. Discussion of another volcano or eruption (sometimes far from the one that is the subject of the manuscript) may produce a citation that is not at all apparent from the title.
Braitseva O A, Melekestsev I V, Ponomareva V V, Sulerzhitsky L D, 1995. Ages of calderas, large explosive craters and active volcanoes in the Kuril-Kamchatka region, Russia. Bull Volc, 57: 383-402.
Erlich E N, 1986. Geology of the calderas of Kamchatka and Kurile Islands with comparison to calderas of Japan and the Aleutians, Alaska. U S Geol Surv Open-File Rpt, 86-291: 1-300.
Fedotov S A, Masurenkov Y P (eds), 1991. Active Volcanoes of Kamchatka. Moscow: Nauka Pub, 2 volumes.
IAVCEI, 1973-80. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. IAVCEI Data Sheets, Rome: Internatl Assoc Volc Chemistry Earth's Interior..
Kozhemyaka N N, 1995. Active volcanoes of Kamchatka: types and growth time of cones, total volumes of erupted material, productivity, and composition of rocks. Volc Seism, 16: 581-594 (English translation).
Masurenkov Y P (ed), 1980. Volcanic Center: Structure, Dynamics and Products. Moscow: Nauka Pub, 299 p (in Russian).
Vlodavetz V I, Piip B I, 1959. Kamchatka and Continental Areas of Asia. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields, Rome: IAVCEI, 8: 1-110.