Typically, unembryonated Capillaria philippinensis eggs are passed in human stool and become embryonated in the external environment. If these eggs are ingested by freshwater fish, the larvae hatch, penetrate the intestine, and migrate to the tissues. Ingestion by humans of raw or undercooked infected fish may then result in human infection. The adult worms (males 2.3 to 3.2 mm, females 2.5 to 4.3 mm) reside in the human small intestine, where they burrow in the mucosa. The female deposits unembryonated eggs, some of which become embryonated in the intestine and release larvae that can cause auto-infection, leading to hyper-infection (i.e., a massive number of adult worms).
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