The common name for this organism is saltgrass. The scientific name is Distichlis spicata var. stricta. Saltgrass is a low stiff perennial, 4-16 inches high. This grass has straight, vertical stems with leaves tapering to sharp points and arranged in two opposite rows. It reproduces by seed and by sending out long underground horizontal rootstocks approximately 6 inches deep. This vigorous, asexual reproduction results in large circular clones of genetically identical individuals where saltgrass recolonizes previously flooded playa margins. The grass flower is yellowish, short and narrow.
Salt grass has both male and female plants. The male plants only bear stamens and the female only pistils.
Taxonomists believe that two varieties of this species exist. The variety spicata is distributed along the Atlantic and Pacific coastal regions and Gulf of Mexico. The variety stricta is found in the interior of North America. Many authors do not agree on how the two varieties differ, for example, Beetle (1943) put all varieties of saltgrass into one category or taxonomic unit and believed there was no difference ( Atwood, Goodrich, Higgins and Welsh, 720). Although there may not be much difference in the appearance of the two varieties, it is possible that they may vary genitically due to geographic differences between maritime climates, and interior climates.
Saltgrass lives in areas where there are salt marshes. The grass forms a single species community and often appears as dense carpets covering the Great Salt Lake playa.
Salt grass can also grow in moister
zones of the upland desert shrub community and is frequently found associated
with greasewood. On the Great Salt
Lake, salt grass can be seen in a distinct zone, which is above
the pickleweed zone with slightly lower salinity.
requires a good supply of water and it grows rapidly in areas where the
soil salinity is between 0.1%-1.5%. This
plant can tolerate salinity of up to 3%. The way that saltgrass has
adapted to the high amount of salinity is by having salt secreting glands
on the surface of its leaves. These glands secrete the extra salt
taken up by the roots and delivered to the leaves by the vascular system
of the plant. Salt crystals on the surface of the leaves can be observed
through the use of a hand lens or microscope. Moreover, the saltgrass
has a special type of photosynthetic mechanism called C4 photosynthesis,
which allows it to be efficient in how it accumulated carbon dioxide and
loses water from its leaves (Harrison, 3).
Saltgrass is an ecological producer, it uses light energy from the sun
to power the synthesis of organic compounds. Saltgrass is an important
food source for the birds and insects of the Great
Salt Lake. It provides food for the meadow vole and provides
shelter for the spiders, grasshoppers and other insects of the Great Salt
Lake. Saltgrass forms large dense areas of grass which are used by
animals to hide from predators and in which to nest . For example,
the Savanna sparrowand the meadow
vole use the saltgrass zone for hiding from predators such as the northern
harrier. The meadow voles make extensive tunnel systems in the
saltgrass zone where they hide, and in the spring they eat the young grass
Museaum of Natural History, pp. 82. Utah.
Murray, Ann, 1999. http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/disspi1m.jpg (11 Oct., 1999)
Murray, Ann, 1999. http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/disspi2m.jpg (11 Oct., 1999)
College of Agriculture. "Arizona Range Grasses." 1997.