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Used automotive oil containing approximately 0.5% lead, 0.1% bromine, 0.1% zinc, and 0.1% phosphorus was burned in a suspension preheater kiln. Lead, zinc, and phosphorus emissions were not found to be increased. A material balance showed these elements to be retained in the process solids. No effect on cement quality was detected.
Waste chlorohydrocarbons including polychlorinated biphenyls were burned in a wet-process kiln. These compounds were destroyed in the cement kiln flame. The chlorine liberated reacted with process materials reducing the alkali content of the clinker.
Coke containing high contents of sulfur and significant levels of vanadium and nickel was burned in the wet-process kiln. Nickel and vanadium were almost entirely retained in the clinker. Sulfur retention depended strongly on burning conditions within the kiln.
Process superintendent, St. Lawrence Cement, Inc., Mississauga, Ontario
Stock #: CCA10247J