US 8185458 B2
A system for preventing on the job injuries comprising identifying a company which will benefit from the system and approaching the same with a business proposal. Once hired, a therapist evaluates the company's workplace environment and an initial physical state of a group of employees employed by the company; assesses data gathered during the evaluation; develops a corrective therapeutic program to address areas of concern identified during the assessment; implements the corrective therapeutic through instruction of the employees; and conducts periodic follow-up evaluations, adjusting the corrective therapeutic program as required until the outcomes of the system are achieved.
1. A system for preventing on the job injuries comprising:
identifying a company which will benefit from the system and approaching the same with a business proposal;
evaluating the company's workplace environment by evaluating a personal work environment and an initial physical state of each one of a group of employees employed by the company; wherein the evaluation takes place regardless of whether any injuries have occurred to the employee during the performance of their job; and wherein the initial physical state of each one of the group of employees is evaluated by conducting an ergonomic evaluation and an occupational therapy evaluation of that group of employees;
assessing data gathered during the ergonomic evaluation and the occupational therapy evaluation;
developing a corrective therapeutic program to address areas of concern in the initial physical states of one or more of the group of employees, which areas of concern were identified during the assessment;
implementing the corrective therapeutic program through instruction of each one of the group of employees; and
conducting periodic follow-up evaluations and adjusting the corrective therapeutic program as required.
2. The system as defined in
3. The system as defined in
4. The system as defined in
identifying a plurality of jobs at the company that involve potentially injurious tasks.
5. The system as defined in
conducting the ergonomic evaluation of the personal work environments of a first group of employees who perform an identified first job that involves potentially injurious activities; and
conducting the occupational therapy evaluation of the first group of employees.
6. The system as defined in
observing each of a plurality of individuals in the first group perform the first job,
recording the observations for each individual onto a set of prepared evaluation forms;
interviewing each of the individuals in the first group; and
recording any areas of concern identified by each individual onto the set of evaluation forms for that individual.
7. The system as defined in
conducting a plurality of occupational therapy tests on each of the individuals in the first group to determine a baseline range of motion for each of a plurality of areas of the individuals' bodies that are utilized in the performing of the first job; and
recording the results of the plurality of occupational therapy tests onto the set of evaluation forms for each of the individuals.
8. The system as defined in
compiling the results of each of a plurality of questions on the evaluation forms;
performing statistical operations on the compiled results for the occupational therapy tests to obtain a combined baseline level of pain in each tested body area and a combined baseline range of motion in each tested body area for all of the individuals in the first group; and
entering the results of the statistical operations onto a prepared baseline form for use in developing therapies to address a plurality of body areas of concern for the first group.
9. The system as defined in
compiling the recorded ergonomic observations from the evaluation forms for each of the individuals in the first group;
performing statistical operations on the compiled ergonomic results to obtain a combined ergonomic baseline; and
entering the results of the statistical operations for the ergonomic results onto the baseline form.
10. The system as defined in
reviewing the baseline form to note one or more of the plurality of body areas of concern identified during the occupational therapy evaluation;
reviewing a database of stretches;
selecting a first group of stretches from the database to treat the one or more of the plurality of body areas of concern;
selecting a second group of stretches from the database to treat the one or more of the plurality of body areas of concern, wherein the second group of stretches are more physically challenging than the first group thereof,
printing the first group of stretches onto a first sheet of paper; and
printing the second group of stretches onto a second sheet of paper.
11. The system as defined in
reviewing the baseline form to note one or more of the plurality of identified ergonomic areas of concern;
reviewing a database of corrective ergonomic therapies;
selecting a group of the corrective ergonomic therapies to address the one or more of the plurality of identified ergonomic areas of concern;
recording the group of corrective ergonomic therapies on a prepared instruction sheet.
12. The system as defined in
compiling the first and second printed sheets of stretches with the instruction sheet to form an instruction program.
13. The system as defined in
gathering the first group of employees together;
discussing the instruction program;
demonstrating the selected group of corrective ergonomic therapies printed on the instruction sheet;
demonstrating the first group of stretches printed on the first sheet of paper.
14. The system as defined in
watching the individuals in the first group of employees perform their job utilizing the demonstrated corrective ergonomic therapies;
watching the individuals in the first group of employees perform the first group of stretches;
correcting any of the performed ergonomic therapies and first group of stretches.
15. The system as defined in
allowing a predetermined period of time to pass;
conducting a second evaluation and second assessment to determine a combined follow-up physical status for the first group of employees;
demonstrating the second group of stretches printed on the second sheet of paper;
watching the individuals of the first group of employees perform the second group of stretches; and
correcting any of the performed second group of stretches.
16. The system as defined in
selecting a third group of stretches from the database of stretches; wherein the third group of stretches is more physically challenging than the second group thereof;
printing the third group of stretches onto a third sheet of paper;
demonstrating the third group of stretches to the first group of employees;
watching the individuals of the first group perform the third group of stretches; and
correcting any of the performed third group of stretches.
17. The system as defined in
selecting a volunteer coach from among the individuals of the first group of employees; and
training the volunteer coach to do the first group of stretches.
18. The system as defined in
conducting an ergonomic evaluation of a second group of employees who perform an identified second job that involves potentially injurious activities;
conducting an occupational therapy evaluation of the second group of employees; and
implementing a second corrective therapeutic program to address a plurality of issues identified during the ergonomic and occupational therapy evaluations of the second group of employees.
19. The system as defined in
20. The system as defined in
21. The system as defined in
22. The system as defined in
making changes to each employee's personal work environment to address possible causes of future injury to the employee in that environment.
23. The system as defined in
24. The system as defined in
25. The system as defined in
observing one or more first physical body movements the employee has to make to perform their job; and
testing the range of motion the employee's body possesses to make those one or more first physical body movements.
26. The system as defined in
selecting one or more second physical body movements to be practiced by each one of the group of employees in order to counteract the first physical body movements and to improve the range of motion of each one of the group of employees.
27. The system as defined in
28. The system as defined in
29. The system as defined in
30. The system as defined in
31. The system as defined in
32. The system as defined in
This is a standard utility application that claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/868,040, filed Nov. 30, 2006, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
1. Technical Field
This invention generally relates to the field of occupational health and safety. More particularly, the invention relates to a health modality for corporations. Specifically, the invention relates to a program incorporating a combined occupational therapy and ergonomic modality in a company that is designed to proactively reduce the number of injuries to employees which could be caused by their normal work-related activities.
2. Background Information
Employees in a variety of industries may be required to perform repetitive motions, employ force to push or pull heavy objects, assume or hold awkward positions or may have to push parts of their body against hard or sharp objects in the performance of certain tasks on the job. Some of these procedures may result in the employee becoming injured over a period of time. In many instances, the equipment the employee is using is not designed in an ergonomic manner and, consequently, habitual use of that equipment leads to injury. So, for example, if a factory employee has to habitually and frequently reach for a piece of equipment, they will tend to develop muscle fatigue and possible injury of the reaching arm. If such an injury occurs, the employee will be less productive and will possibly have to be relieved of that position for a period of time. The employee may also have to be sent to doctors, physiotherapists or occupational therapists for rehabilitation before they can return to work.
There is a substantial amount of effort devoted to assisting industry to make the workplace a safe and healthy environment for employees. Most of this effort is directed to addressing practices and procedures that cause musculoskeletal disorders in particular. This focus, known broadly as ergonomics, studies how people perform their daily tasks and how to minimize the stresses and strains caused by repetitive motion, bending, lifting, maneuvering the body and the effect of machines and other tools that tend to increase the likelihood of musculoskeletal problems developing. Ergonomists are trained to assess how a particular type of employee conducts their daily tasks and will make suggestions as to how better to perform a task or alter equipment in order to reduce the possibility of injury. A wealth of information and professionals are available to assist industries to address ergonomic issues. For instance, OSHA, which is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the United States Department of Labor, has published industry and task specific guidelines for grocery retailers. These guidelines have been produced in response to the evaluation of many years of data from the grocery industry and include suggestions as to how to perform standard grocery store tasks such as lifting objects during shelf stocking or working at a cash register, in a less injurious fashion.
Even with this wealth of information and such guidelines in place, some equipment cannot be modified to be ergonomic and some tasks can only be modified to a certain degree to make them more user-friendly. Consequently, numerous employees become injured on the job every year and have to face and overcome those injuries. There is, once again, a wealth of information and professionals available to aid people in recovering from musculoskeletal-type injuries after they have occurred. These professionals include doctors, physiotherapists, occupational therapists and chiropractors, just to name a few. The injured employee may suffer a lot of pain, lose income and may also have to relearn how to do their job in a different way in order to recover. Additionally, the employer will likely have had a drop in productive activity from that injured employee and possibly had to pay for rehabilitation and recovery time for that employee. All of this drives up the cost of doing business and results in much pain and economic distress for the employee.
There is therefore a need in the art for an improved system of addressing the potential for musculoskeletal and other injuries to employees that might be caused by job-related activities.
The present invention comprises a proactive and progressive therapeutic system which combines the preventative and healing measures of ergonomics with the healing measures of occupational therapy. The program is designed to be implemented in a business in order prevent the employees from becoming injured on the job, instead of waiting until the employees are injured and then addressing the issue.
The system of the present invention comprises identifying a company which will benefit from the system and approaching the same with a business proposal. Once hired, an occupational therapist evaluates the company's workplace environment and an initial physical state of a group of employees employed by the company; assesses data gathered during the evaluation; develops a corrective therapeutic program to address areas of concern identified during the assessment; implements the corrective therapeutic through instruction of the employees; and conducts periodic follow-up evaluations, adjusting the corrective therapeutic program as required until the outcomes of the system are achieved.
The system designed to be marketed to businesses is useful for detecting and evaluating potentially injurious activities, setting up an ergonomic program to reduce the number and type of those activities, and setting up a preventative-rehabilitation program for employees who perform these potentially injurious activities. The program also includes setting up an initial series of stretches for employees with a risk for a particular injury, teaching that initial series of stretches to all employees who perform the potentially injurious tasks, evaluating the employees after a period of time, assessing the results of the evaluation and adjusting the stretching program by increasing the intensity and/or types of stretches. The cycle of evaluation, assessment and stretch therapy adjustments will be continued until the employees have the fullest range of motion possible and are as injury free as possible. The program is designed for evaluating each individual that performs a particular job, assessing those results, combining the results of all of the individuals who perform the tasks and assessing the most common injuries and body areas that the individuals in the group are experiencing and developing a program of stretching to address those most common problem areas of the body. If a particular individual is found to be further down the slope toward becoming injured or less able to cope with the developed program, the therapist will customize the stretching program to pay special attention to the individual's problem areas.
A primary object and feature of the present invention is to provide systems and methods for creating an occupational therapy and ergonomics program for preventing injury to persons performing a variety of tasks.
A further object and feature of the present invention is the identification of potential businesses that employ a plurality of employees who perform potentially injurious tasks and offering those identified businesses the opportunity to implement the combined occupational therapy and ergonomics program.
A further object and feature of the present invention is the identification and evaluation of particular jobs in that business that have the potential for employees to become injured while performing the tasks of that job. The systems and methods include having the persons perform the tasks and noting discomfort in various bodily areas that arise from performance of the same. The evaluation is provided through a variety of means that includes but is not limited to observation of the employees performing the tasks, physically testing the employees, conducting personal interviews with employees; and providing employees with a variety of printed questionnaires to be completed by them.
A still further object and feature of the present invention is assessing the data gathered during the evaluation procedure. The assessment includes but is not limited to reviewing the information gathered through observation, physical tests, interviews and questionnaires, and analyzing the data obtained therefrom.
A still further object and feature of the present invention is the development of a progressive program specifically designed to address the issues that emerge from the assessment. The development includes but is not limited to providing instruction as to how to ergonomically alter the tasks and selecting a range of stretches of ever increasing difficulty and intensity to alleviate discomfort and pain experienced by the employees and to reduce the possibility for further injury.
Another object and feature of the present invention is to provide instruction as to the type of stretches that will reduce the tendency for the employee to become injured. The instruction is provided through a variety of means that includes but is not limited to demonstration, and providing printed instructional sheets and diagrams explaining how to perform the selected stretches.
A still further object and feature of the present invention is to conduct follow-up evaluations of the employees through a range of means including but not limited to conducting personal interviews, conducting tests and providing employees with a variety of printed questionnaires to be completed.
Other objects and features of this invention will become apparent with reference to the following description.
The preferred embodiments of the invention, illustrative of the best mode in which applicant has contemplated applying the principles, are set forth in the following description and are shown in the drawings and are particularly and distinctly pointed out and set forth in the appended claims.
Step 1, which is generally indicated in
Presuming that the approached business is interested, Step 2 involves the evaluation of the workplace environment and the initial physical state of the employees employed by the business. This step is referenced by the number 12 in
Step 3 involves the assessment of the data gathered during Step 2 and is referenced by the number 14.
Step 4 involves developing a corrective therapeutic program to address areas of concern identified during the assessment step, and is referenced by the number 16 in
Step 5, referenced by the number 18 in
Finally, Step 6 involves conducting periodic follow-up evaluations and adjusting the corrective therapeutic program as required. Step 6 is referenced by the number 20 in
Each step in the system will now be described in greater detail hereinafter.
Step 1 is the identification of potential customers. This is done by selecting companies who employ people who are potentially at risk of musculoskeletal injury on the job because of repetitive type tasks, tasks involving strength, lifting, twisting or contact with hard or sharp objects, amongst others. An example of a possible suitable customer would be any manufacturing facility that utilizes manned assembly lines in the production of a product. The assembly line may include, for example, employees that monitor articles moving along conveyors and who have to repetitively reach across the conveyor to remove defective articles. Another possible suitable customer is any business where employees operate some type of machinery or equipment and that machinery requires them to repeat the same steps over and over. A third example of a possible customer is any business, such as a postal sorting station, where the employees may be lifting heavy objects, such as parcels, moving heavy loads from one location to another, or working at a service desk where the same motions are repeated every time a customer is served. Generally speaking, any manufacturing or processing facility would be a suitable candidate for implementation of the present invention. As will be understood, many service-related industries and industries who employ office workers will also be suitable candidates for this therapeutic program. Office jobs, such as typing on a computer, are notorious for causing injuries such as carpal tunnel syndrome.
The therapist may utilize a wide variety of readily available resources to locate such suitable business candidates. These resources include, but are not limited to performing online searches via the Internet, visiting the library or local Better Business Bureau and conducting searches for manufacturing or processing facilities in any particular region, or through networking through acquaintances who may have business contacts. Online searches via the Internet may be conducted by utilizing search engines such as Google® owned and operated by Google Inc. of Mountain View, Calif. and located at www.google.com on the Internet; Yahoo® owned and operated by Yahoo! Inc. Of Sunnydale, Calif. and located at www.yahoo.com; or specialized manufacturer directors such as that available at www.thomasnet.com which is owned and operated by Thomas Publishing Company of New York, N.Y. These search engines can be searched by entering appropriate keywords to aid in finding a suitable business candidate. For example, if the therapist wanted to find manufacturers of bolts, they would enter the keywords bolts and manufacturers on the search line of the search engine, hit enter and then review the results found by the search engine. A search may also be conducted by reviewing any number of directories of manufacturers located in the Reference Section of any local library. A desired type of manufacturer can be located in the index of the directory and specific companies can be found by turning to the pages identified in the index of the directory and reviewing the lists of companies compiled therein.
After a group of suitable business candidates has been identified, those companies are approached via letter, telephone calls, meetings and other known methodologies for offering a service to a business.
Once the step of identifying a suitable company 10 has been accomplished and that company has agreed to hire the therapist, then Step 2 of the present system is undertaken. Step 2 involves an evaluation 12 of the identified business 10. As shown in
In accordance with a specific feature of the present invention, the instant inventor has developed a set of forms and questionnaires that are supplied and used by the therapist during the ergonomic and the occupational therapy evaluations 22, 24. These forms are completed when the therapist conducts the evaluations 22, 24. It should be noted that not all forms will be relevant to each job situation being evaluated and the therapist will select the appropriate forms for use in any particular situation. A sample set of forms is shown in
The ergonomic evaluation 22 involves the therapist identifying a plurality of jobs in the workplace, such as jobs 26 a, 26 b and 26 c. Each job 26 a, for example, is closely observed to identify the various tasks 28 a, 28 b, 28 c that have to be undertaken to perform that job. Each task, 28 a for example, is then broken down into the specific steps 30 a, 30 b, 30 c that need to be taken to do the task 28 a. Then, each of the steps 30 a-30 c is broken down into the motions 32 a-32 c required to perform those steps. Additionally, the therapist must consider a range of other risk factors that might affect the employees performing the tasks, jobs, steps and motions. These can include the methodology that must be followed to perform the task, the effort or strength required, the location of parts, equipment and tools and the relative positions of the same, the speed and frequency of the work, the duration and repetition of the tasks and the design of the tools and machinery to be used on the job. Additional factors such as lighting, noise, temperature and air quality are also of importance and should be notes. The therapist needs to also consider and note any awkward body positions and heights that might have to be adopted or sustained on the job. The employee might also have to continuously reach above shoulder height, bend over, twist or make movements which take certain muscle groups to the employee's outer limits of their range of motion. For most people, precision type tasks are best performed at or slightly above elbow height and with the elbows adequately supported. Work requiring force to be applied is best down when the workpiece is situated below elbow level. The work should ideally also be in a comfortable visual range. These are some of the many factors that are of importance and need to be noted by the therapist.
All of the ergonomic type of information is gathered by a combination of observation and interview of as many individuals in the group of employees who do a particular job as is possible.
The therapist also conducts the occupational therapy evaluation 24, likely alongside the ergonomic evaluation 22 and completes the provided forms and questionnaires as they conduct this evaluation 24. For each job, such as job 26 a, the therapist evaluates the body movements required to perform job 26 a, tasks 28 a-c, steps 30 a-30 c and motions 32 a-32 c and notes any areas of concern relating to the employee's muscles, joints and other body parts to determine which body areas might potentially be injured while performing job 26 a. The therapist also conducts a variety of known occupational therapy tests to determine the ranges of motion that each individual employee is able to accomplish for each appropriate body part used in the performance of the job 26 a. All of this information is recorded on the provided forms (
In the sample set of forms used in the Evaluation 12 and shown in
The combined observation, interview and testing phase of the evaluation is then conducted. The therapist will have one or more of the employees demonstrate their daily tasks over and over and the therapist will record their observations on the appropriate pages of the form. So, for example page 3 of this form constitutes part of the ergonomic evaluation 12 and the therapist will complete each line on the form that applies. For instance, in response to the question on page 3, “Is the employee facing the task?”, the therapist will complete the form by filling out, in the first column provided, a “Yes” or a “No” answer. In the next column on the form, the therapist will record their estimate of the percentage frequency of the task by filling in the appropriate percentage, for example “50%”. Similarly, on page 4 of the form, which constitutes part of the occupational therapy evaluation, under the section “Elbow and Forearm” the therapist will conduct a physical test on one or more employee to determine the flexion of the tested employee's arm and will fill in the appropriate goiniometer measurements in the column provided, recording both the typical measurement and the measured end point. On page 4, for example, under the elbow and forearm flexion question at the bottom of the page, the therapist will enter, for example, “90” as the flexion measured in this particular employee.
The appropriate portions of the remainder of the form is completed in like manner. On the final page of the form, the therapist will write down their recommended interventions and equipment recommendations to this point. So, for example, if the therapist believes that the employees require “Work Methods Instruction/Training”, the therapist will check off the box next to that particular recommendation. If the therapist believes some equipment needs to be changed, the type of equipment is written down in the appropriate column and the source and cost of such equipment will be filled in either at the job site or at a later date.
Once the form is completed, the therapist will sign and date the same in the place indicated. The provided forms will usually be written on directly by the therapist when observing and testing the employees at the site, but a clean typed sample copy is provided herein as
A review of the completed form (
The therapist will evaluate as many individual employees who perform that particular job 26 a as necessary. The information gathered on all of the forms for all of the individual employees is preferably entered into a database for analysis during the assessment phase of the process. A sample of a printout of the gathered information is shown attached hereto as
The next step in the process is Step 3, the assessment 14. During the assessment step 14 an analysis is made of the combined results of all tasks 28, steps 30 and motions 32 of job 26 a as recorded in the baseline questionnaires and worksheets for the total number of employees performing a particular job. The combined results can be produced by the therapist or by computer. The therapist notes any similarities in the pain and/or injuries experienced by this group of employees. This assessment may be made manually by the therapist reviewing all of the responses, or may be made by way of a computer program. A variety of known statistical tests can be run on this accumulated data to assess the results and a final evaluation result sheet summarizing the results of these tests can be printed. So, for example, if ten employees were observed and interviewed for job 26 a, then on the Baseline Questionnaire, Discomfort Information, the foot pain level indicators for the ten employees are combined and the median pain level is worked out. That median pain level becomes the baseline foot pain level around which the therapist will base the stretching program. All other information on the form is combined in a similar fashion so that there is a baseline reading for each and every question answered or test conducted and a baseline assessment sheet is produced which reflects the results. An example of a sample of a sheet showing the baseline average pain level experienced by group of employees as gathered from the Discomfort Baseline Questionnaire is attached hereto as
In the next step, i.e., Step 4, the areas of concern identified in Step 3 are matched with possible therapies. These therapies may be ergonomic in nature, such as altering a machine, or altering the motions involved in a step, or the steps involved in a task, or the tasks involved in a job. The therapies preferably also include occupational therapies and involve a plurality of stretches in order to address muscular or joint issues that have been identified in the assessment. There are many therapies known in both the field of ergonomics and the field of occupational therapy that have been proven to address certain types of problems and injuries and many of these known therapies have been compiled into databases that are available online, in books or in some other printed format from professional associations. In the past, these therapies have only been used to aid in the healing of injuries that people have already been diagnosed with. In the present invention, on the other hand, these previously known therapies are applied in a new way. This new way is utilizing this vast store of knowledge to respond to trends and patterns identified during the evaluation and assessment phases of this preventative system and apply them to people to prevent injury from normal work-related activities and preferably before there has been sufficient harm caused to the individual for an injury diagnosis to be made.
The known ergonomic therapies are designed to address work habits, tasks and equipment usages. The known occupational therapies are designed to address musculoskeletal injuries to various body parts. The present modality is therefore primarily preventative in nature as opposed to curative.
Step 4, the development of therapies 16 (
The therapist will then compile a teaching package to be presented to the employees of job 26 a to address the issues identified in the evaluation 12 and assessment 14 phases. The progressive program may include a General Guideline Sheet (
Step 5 of the system of the present invention involves the implementation by instruction 18 (
The above procedure is performed for each at risk job 26 b, 26 c that has been identified in the selected company.
A predetermined period of time is allowed to pass such as a period of between two to three months. During this time period, the coach for the group of individuals who perform a particular job will then lead that group in their stretches every work day for a period of five to ten minutes. After the allotted period of time has passed, the therapist will return to the company and conduct a follow-up. This is step 6 shown in
Once the follow-up evaluations for all the employees in job 26 a have been completed, the steps of assessment of the evaluation results, development of therapies, instruction and follow-up are done once again. The step of development of therapies will involve the therapist reviewing the progressive stretching level sheets produced during the initial phase to ensure that it would be appropriate to implement the Level 2 stretches. The system may require that the therapist adjust the selected stretches if the assessment indicates this is necessary. In this instance, a new or reorganized group of stretches will be printed onto a sheet for the training portion of the program. The next level of stretches, or the revised program if developed, is then taught to the employees and to the coach as in the initial manner.
Once again, a predetermined period of time is allowed to pass in which the employees stretch every day and follow the next level of the program. The therapist then returns to the company and follows-up yet again. The results of the follow-ups are recorded and tracked over several months to monitor the progress of the employees of the company.
The desired outcomes of the system of the present invention are the minimization of pain or discomfort from on-the-job activities for the vast majority of employees who do job 26 a. Individuals who are not progressing at the same pace as the rest of the group will be given additional or alternate stretches to aid them and the therapist will continue to follow-up with these individuals or will have them referred to outside medical personnel.
This program will be implemented for each of the identified jobs 26 in the company and is designed to equip employees to self-monitor after a sustained period of training, stretching and follow-up by the therapist.
In the foregoing description, certain terms have been used for brevity, clearness, and understanding. No unnecessary limitations are to be implied therefrom beyond the requirement of the prior art because such terms are used for descriptive purposes and are intended to be broadly construed.
Moreover, the description and illustration of the invention is an example and the invention is not limited to the exact details shown or described.