WebReference.com - PHP and Regular Expressions 101 (1/5)
PHP and Regular Expressions 101
By Mitchell Harper (email@example.com)
Regular expressions are one of those quirky features that popup in a variety of programming languages, but because they seem to be a difficult concept to grasp, many developers push them away into the corner, forgetting that they even exist.
Let's start by taking a look at what a regular expression is, and why you'd want to use them in your PHP pages.
What is a regular expression?
What do you think it is that separates programs like BBEdit and notepad from the good old console-based text editors? Both support text input and let you save that text into a file, however modern text editors also support other functionality including find-replace tools, which makes editing a text file that much easier.
Regular expressions are similar, only better. Think of a regular expression as an extremely advanced find-replace tool that saves us the pain of having to write custom data validation routines to check e-mail addresses, make sure phone numbers are in the correct format, etc.
One of the most common functions of any program is data validation, and PHP comes bundled with several text validation functions that allow us to match a string using regular expressions, making sure there's a space here, a question mark there, etc.
What you may not know however, is that regular expressions are simple to implement, and once you've mastered a few regular expressions (which are specially formatted strings that we can use to tell the regular expression engine the portion of a string we want to match) you'll be asking yourself why you left regular expressions in the corner for so long.
Note: PHP has two sets of functions for dealing with the two types of regular expression patterns: Perl 5 compatible patterns, and Posix standard compatible patterns. In this article we will be looking at the
eregfunction and working with search expressions that conform to the Posix standard. Although they don't offer as much power as Perl 5 patterns, they're a great way to start learning regular expressions. If you're interested in PHP's support for Perl 5 compatible regular expressions, then see the PHP.net site for details on the
pregset of PHP functions.
PHP has six functions that work with regular expressions. They all take a regular expression string as their first argument, and are shown below:
ereg: The most common regular expression function,
eregallows us to search a string for matches of a regular expression.
ereg_replace: Allows us to search a string for a regular expression and replace any occurrence of that expression with a new string.
eregi: Performs exactly the same matching as
ereg, but is case insensitive.
eregi_replace: Performs exactly the same search-replace functionality as
ereg_replace, but is case insensitive.
split: Allows us to search a string for a regular expression and returns the matches as an array of strings.
spliti: Case insensitive version of the split function
Created: March 4, 2002
Revised: March 4, 2002