US 6906886 B2
A system and method for improving write integrity of a magnetic storage system. A settling algorithm counter is reset if a position error signal of the write head indicates the head is vibrating with mechanical oscillations outside a predetermined threshold.
1. A method comprising steps of:
detecting a first peak of a position error signal of a write head;
detecting a second peak of the position error signal of the write head, the second peak following the first peak and being of opposite sign with respect to the first peak; and
comparing a distance between the first and second peaks with a distance threshold.
2. The method of
comparing a time duration between the first and second peaks with a time threshold.
3. The method of
if the duration between the first and second peaks is greater than the time threshold and if the distance between the first and second peaks is greater than the distance threshold, resetting a settling algorithm.
4. The method of
if the distance between the first and second peaks is greater than the distance threshold, resetting a settling algorithm.
5. The method of
6. The method of
7. A method for controlling operations of a storage device, the method comprising steps of:
detecting a position error signal of a head of the storage device, the position error signal having at least two consecutive peaks of opposite sign;
comparing a distance between the two consecutive peaks to a distance threshold;
delaying a write operation if the distance between the two consecutive peaks is greater than the distance threshold.
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. A storage system, comprising:
a storage medium having locations;
a head capable of writing to the storage medium; and
a position detection system for producing a position error signal of the head relative to the locations of the storage medium;
wherein if the position error signal includes two peaks outside a position error threshold, a write operation is halted.
12. The system of
13. The system of
14. The system of
15. The system of
16. A method of comprising the steps of:
detecting a position error signal of a head in a magnetic storage system relative to tracks of the magnetic storage system;
resetting a settling algorithm if the position error signal detects mechanical oscillations of the head outside a predetermined position error signal threshold.
17. The method of
18. The method of
19. The method of
The present invention relates generally to magnetic storage technology. More particularly, the present invention relates to protecting data integrity from mechanical resonance in a magnetic storage system.
Technological advances in magnetic storage allow data to be stored in ever smaller physical dimension. For example, track widths in magnetic tape or disk storage have become so small that mechanical vibrations which once were irrelevant can now cause writing errors. For example when a read/write head positions itself over a desired track, oscillations on the mechanical structure of the head can be large enough that a write function writes data outside the allowed track width, resulting in write error.
When a read/write head operates, it is moved in a seek operation. This operation locates and moves the head to the proper position for, e.g., writing data. When the seek operation ends and the head is in position, there is a time period during which vibrations in the head must be allowed to settle. To deal with problems of this nature, settling algorithms are typically used which monitor the transient response and attempt to prevent write operations until the settling is completed. Shorter settling times typically permit more errors, while longer settling times, though less error prone, increase access and/or write time for the apparatus. Hence, settling times are typically kept as short as possible while still preventing as many errors as possible.
Non-consecutive settling algorithms employ multiple samples to determine whether settling has occurred. For example, if 2 consecutive position error signal (PES) samples are within 8% of track pitch and the corresponding velocity is within 6% of track pitch, then a settling counter of the algorithm is decreased by one. If this happens a predetermined number of times (e.g., 8 times in some implementations) the settling count reaches zero and settling is considered complete.
While such algorithms greatly decrease write error rate, certain frequency mechanical oscillations can still cause the settling algorithm to fail. For example, seek-induced coil bending resonance creates mechanical oscillations in the range of 900-1600 Hz, which can cause write errors despite the settling algorithm. The consequences of failure lead directly to reliability failure due to data encroachment outside the desired track, caused by data written with marginal PES.
Hence, the present state of the art would benefit from improvements to write operations that further limit these errors without unnecessarily extending the delay in write operations.
The present invention provides a solution to this and other problems.
The present invention involves a system and method for improving alignment of heads in magnetic storage systems. In a preferred embodiment, an algorithm is implemented that detects movement by the head outside a threshold, indicating the head is not yet settled. In a preferred embodiment, this information is obtained from the PES. Upon detecting such movement outside the threshold, the settling counter is reset so that the settling algorithm continues to run. Thus, the present invention provides a way to determine if settling is complete, and resets it if it is not.
This innovation provides a check on the settling algorithm, and thus prevents data writing if the drive is oscillating. It also allows normal operation of the settling algorithm if there is no oscillation, and is hence invisible when it is not needed.
In one example embodiment, the present invention detects the peak to peak movement of the write head by monitoring a PES signal. If movement (for example) is beyond a threshold distance from track center, the settling counter is reset. Noise and other irrelevant signals such as high frequency vibrations that will not affect alignment are preferably filtered by incorporating a low pass filter on the peak to peak detector.
The present invention also can be implemented as a computer-readable program storage device which tangibly embodies a program of instructions executable by a computer system to implement the innovative system and method.
These and various other features as well as advantages which characterize the present invention will be apparent upon reading of the following detailed description and review of the associated drawings.
Referring now to the drawings, and initially to
The storage discs 22 a-d are mounted for rotation by a spindle motor arrangement 29, as is known in the art. Moreover, the read/write heads 24 a-h are supported by respective actuator arms 28 a-h for controlled positioning over preselected radii of the storage discs 22 a-d to enable the reading and writing of data from and to the data tracks. To that end, the actuator arms 28 a-h are rotatably mounted on a pin 30 by a voice coil motor 32 operable to controllably rotate the actuator arms 28 a-h radially across the disc surfaces.
Each of the read/write heads 24 a-h is mounted to a respective actuator arm 28 a-h by a flexure element (not shown) and comprises a magnetic transducer 25 mounted to a slider 26 having an air bearing surface (not shown), all in a known manner. As typically used in disc drive systems, the sliders 26 cause the magnetic transducers 25 of the read/write heads 24 a-h to “fly” above the surfaces of the respective storage discs 22 a-d for non-contact operation of the disc drive system, as discussed above. When not in use, the voice coil motor 32 rotates the actuator arms 28 a-h during a contact stop operation, to position the read/write heads 24 a-h over a respective landing zone 58 or 60, where the read/write heads 24 a-h come to rest on the storage disc surfaces. As should be understood, each of the read/write heads 24 a-h is at rest on a respective landing zone 58 or 60 at the commencement of a contact start operation.
A printed circuit board (PCB) 34 is provided to mount control electronics for controlled operation of the spindle motor 29 and the voice coil motor 32. The PCB 34 also includes read/write channel circuitry coupled to the read/write heads 24 a-h via the pre-amplifier 31, to control the transfer of data to and from the data tracks of the storage discs 22 a-d. The manner for coupling the PCB 34 to the various components of the disc drive is well known in the art, and includes a connector 33 to couple the read/write channel circuitry to the pre-amplifier 31.
Referring now to
The microprocessor 35 also operates according to instructions stored in the ROM 42 to generate and transmit control signals to each of the spindle motor control 38 and the actuator control 40. The spindle motor control 38 is responsive to the control signals received from the microprocessor 35 to generate and transmit a drive voltage to the spindle motor 29 to cause the storage discs 22 a-d to rotate at an appropriate rotational velocity.
Similarly, the actuator control 40 is responsive to the control signals received from the microprocessor 35 to generate and transmit a voltage to the voice coil motor 32 to controllably rotate the read/write heads 24 a-h, via the actuator arms 28 a-h, to preselected radial positions over the storage discs 22 a-d. The magnitude and polarity of the voltage generated by the actuator control 40, as a function of the microprocessor control signals, determines the radial direction and radial speed of the read/write heads 24 a-h.
When data to be written or read from one of the storage discs 22 a-d are stored on a data track different from the current radial position of the read/write heads 24 a-h, the microprocessor 35 determines the current radial position of the read/write heads 24 a-h and the radial position of the data track where the read/write heads 24 a-h are to be relocated. The microprocessor 35 then implements a seek operation wherein the control signals generated by the microprocessor 35 for the actuator control 40 cause the voice coil motor 32 to move the read/write heads 24 a-h from the current data track to a destination data track at the desired radial position.
When the actuator has moved the read/write heads 24 a-h to the destination data track, a multiplexer (not shown) is used to couple the head 24 a-h over the specific data track to be written or read, to the read/write control 36, as is generally known in the art. The read/write control 36 includes a read channel that, in accordance with modern disc drive design, comprises an electronic circuit that detects information represented by magnetic transitions recorded on the disc surface within the radial extent of the selected data track. As described above, each data track is divided into a number of data sectors.
During a read operation, electrical signals transduced by the head from the magnetic transitions of the data sectors are input to the read channel of the read/write control 36 for processing via the pre-amplifier 31. The RAM 43 can be used to buffer data read from or to be written to the data sectors of the storage discs 22 a-d via the read/write control 36. The buffered data can be transferred to or from a host computer utilizing the disc drive for data storage. Position detector 44 also accepts output from the head 24 that charts the head movement in both position and time to ultimately create a position error signal (PES).
The present invention incorporates a method of detecting peak to peak distance of a PES signal during settling mode. The PES signal is monitored to detect two consecutive PES peak values (a positive and a negative peak) and if the peaks are outside a predetermined threshold, then the settling count is reset or the settling criteria are reinitialized.
A further implementation includes checking the time distance between the two consecutive peaks. If the two peaks are within a predetermined time of one another (indicating the oscillations are above a predetermined frequency) then the response is ignored. This feature helps ensure that high frequency noise that will not affect head alignment do not trigger resetting of the settling algorithm. This feature can also be implemented as a low pass filter in some embodiments, as detailed further below.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention is invisible to the system in cases where it is not needed. In other words, the peak to peak detection function should not delay writing in situations where it is not invoked.
The present invention guarantees that data is written with a small PES by tuning the peak to peak value limit. In an alternative embodiment, a low pass filter is added. Such a filter makes the detection algorithm more robust to high frequency noise, and prevents resetting of the settling algorithm due to such noise. A low pass filter can also be used in lieu of or in addition to the minimum time between peaks threshold discussed in FIG. 6. Both implementations filter out high frequency noise. Also in a preferred embodiment, the first peak detected by the detection algorithm is ignored because it is typically caused by normal tracking overshoot/undershoot. Eliminating the first peak detected from consideration prevents resetting of the settling algorithm counter when tracking overshoot/undershoot occurs but when no mechanical vibrations are present. This reduces the number of times the settling counter is reset in situations where resetting is not necessary.
It should be noted that although the preferred embodiment shows the time threshold between peaks is determined in the process before the physical distance between the peaks is determined, the order of these two determinations can be varied, detecting peak to peak distance before the time, for example.
In the flow of
It is important to note that while the present invention has been described in the context of a fully functioning data processing system, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the processes of the present invention are capable of being distributed in the form of a computer readable medium of instructions or other functional descriptive material and in a variety of other forms and that the present invention is equally applicable regardless of the particular type of signal bearing media actually used to carry out the distribution. Examples of computer readable media include recordable-type media, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk drive, a RAM, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, and transmission-type media, such as digital and analog communications links, wired or wireless communications links using transmission forms, such as, for example, radio frequency and light wave transmissions. The computer readable media may take the form of coded formats that are decoded for actual use in a particular data processing system. Functional descriptive material is information that imparts functionality to a machine. Functional descriptive material includes, but is not limited to, computer programs, instructions, rules, facts, definitions of computable functions, objects, and data structures.
The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention, the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.