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Gavin Ovsak, 17 from Hopkins, Minn., developed a new style of water turbines that can be fully submersed and put to use to generate electricity (even in homes) using access to local bodies of water (i.e. river or ocean tidal currants). The apparatus, which Ovsak built from cutting boards, uses a fin he designed that moves at the same speed as the water and allows for the turbine to perform at maximum efficiency. Because the fins move with the water and don't use blades, fish should still be able to swim through these turbines just fine.
Ovsak has already had conversations with General Electric and 3M, so perhaps we'll see more about this soon.
Matthew Morris, 18 from San Diego, designed a new sailboat structure using gravity and based on a hydrodynamic keel to keep the boat more balanced when traveling upwind and downwind.
Maybe Oracle should take a look at Matthew's project before the next America's Cup.
Skanda Koppula, 16 from Pittsburgh, has formulated a project based on two algorithms that are designed to better collect marine data (depth, in particular) for exploring and navigating large bodies of water. Some of the professions that could make use of this research include sea navigators and marine biologists.