// Copyright (c) 2016 Uber Technologies, Inc.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.

package ratelimit // import "go.uber.org/ratelimit"

import (
	"sync"
	"time"

	"go.uber.org/ratelimit/internal/clock"
)

// Note: This file is inspired by:
// https://github.com/prashantv/go-bench/blob/master/ratelimit

// Limiter is used to rate-limit some process, possibly across goroutines.
// The process is expected to call Take() before every iteration, which
// may block to throttle the goroutine.
type Limiter interface {
	// Take should block to make sure that the RPS is met.
	Take() time.Time
}

// Clock is the minimum necessary interface to instantiate a rate limiter with
// a clock or mock clock, compatible with clocks created using
// github.com/andres-erbsen/clock.
type Clock interface {
	Now() time.Time
	Sleep(time.Duration)
}

type limiter struct {
	sync.Mutex
	last       time.Time
	sleepFor   time.Duration
	perRequest time.Duration // 代表产生一个请求需要多久
	maxSlack   time.Duration // 最大松弛
	clock      Clock
}

// Option configures a Limiter.
type Option func(l *limiter)

// New returns a Limiter that will limit to the given RPS.
func New(rate int, opts ...Option) Limiter {
	l := &limiter{
		perRequest: time.Second / time.Duration(rate),
		maxSlack:   -10 * time.Second / time.Duration(rate),
	}

	// 目前官方提供了两个Option：
	// WithClock
	// withoutSlackOption
	for _, opt := range opts {
		opt(l)
	}

	// 如果用户没有自定义时钟
	if l.clock == nil {
		l.clock = clock.New()
	}

	return l
}

// WithClock returns an option for ratelimit.New that provides an alternate
// Clock implementation, typically a mock Clock for testing.
func WithClock(clock Clock) Option {
	return func(l *limiter) {
		l.clock = clock
	}
}

// WithoutSlack is an option for ratelimit.New that initializes the limiter
// without any initial tolerance for bursts of traffic.
var WithoutSlack Option = withoutSlackOption

func withoutSlackOption(l *limiter) {
	l.maxSlack = 0
}

// Take blocks to ensure that the time spent between multiple
// Take calls is on average time.Second/rate.
func (t *limiter) Take() time.Time {
	t.Lock()
	defer t.Unlock()

	// 当前时间
	now := t.clock.Now()

	// If this is our first request, then we allow it.
	if t.last.IsZero() {
		t.last = now
		return t.last
	}

	// sleepFor calculates how much time we should sleep based on
	// the perRequest budget and how long the last request took.
	// Since the request may take longer than the budget, this number
	// can get negative, and is summed across requests.
	// 计算需要休息多久, 注意，这里是+=
	t.sleepFor += t.perRequest - now.Sub(t.last)

	// We shouldn't allow sleepFor to get too negative, since it would mean that
	// a service that slowed down a lot for a short period of time would get
	// a much higher RPS following that.
	if t.sleepFor < t.maxSlack {
		t.sleepFor = t.maxSlack
	}

	// If sleepFor is positive, then we should sleep now.
	if t.sleepFor > 0 {
		t.clock.Sleep(t.sleepFor)
		t.last = now.Add(t.sleepFor)
		t.sleepFor = 0
	} else {
		t.last = now
	}

	return t.last
}

type unlimited struct{}

// NewUnlimited returns a RateLimiter that is not limited.
func NewUnlimited() Limiter {
	return unlimited{}
}

func (unlimited) Take() time.Time {
	return time.Now()
}
