// Copyright 2024 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package pathdb

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/binary"
	"errors"
	"math"
	"time"

	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb/memorydb"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
)

const (
	snapAccount = "account" // Identifier of account snapshot generation
	snapStorage = "storage" // Identifier of storage snapshot generation
)

// generatorStats is a collection of statistics gathered by the snapshot generator
// for logging purposes. This data structure is used throughout the entire
// lifecycle of the snapshot generation process and is shared across multiple
// generation cycles.
type generatorStats struct {
	origin   uint64             // Origin prefix where generation started
	start    time.Time          // Timestamp when generation started
	accounts uint64             // Number of accounts indexed(generated or recovered)
	slots    uint64             // Number of storage slots indexed(generated or recovered)
	dangling uint64             // Number of dangling storage slots
	storage  common.StorageSize // Total account and storage slot size(generation or recovery)
}

// log creates a contextual log with the given message and the context pulled
// from the internally maintained statistics.
func (gs *generatorStats) log(msg string, root common.Hash, marker []byte) {
	var ctx []interface{}
	if root != (common.Hash{}) {
		ctx = append(ctx, []interface{}{"root", root}...)
	}
	// Figure out whether we're after or within an account
	switch len(marker) {
	case common.HashLength:
		ctx = append(ctx, []interface{}{"at", common.BytesToHash(marker)}...)
	case 2 * common.HashLength:
		ctx = append(ctx, []interface{}{
			"in", common.BytesToHash(marker[:common.HashLength]),
			"at", common.BytesToHash(marker[common.HashLength:]),
		}...)
	}
	// Add the usual measurements
	ctx = append(ctx, []interface{}{
		"accounts", gs.accounts,
		"slots", gs.slots,
		"storage", gs.storage,
		"dangling", gs.dangling,
		"elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(gs.start)),
	}...)
	// Calculate the estimated indexing time based on current stats
	if len(marker) > 0 {
		if done := binary.BigEndian.Uint64(marker[:8]) - gs.origin; done > 0 {
			left := math.MaxUint64 - binary.BigEndian.Uint64(marker[:8])

			speed := done/uint64(time.Since(gs.start)/time.Millisecond+1) + 1 // +1s to avoid division by zero
			ctx = append(ctx, []interface{}{
				"eta", common.PrettyDuration(time.Duration(left/speed) * time.Millisecond),
			}...)
		}
	}
	log.Info(msg, ctx...)
}

// generatorContext holds several global fields that are used throughout the
// current generation cycle. It must be recreated if the generation cycle is
// restarted.
type generatorContext struct {
	root    common.Hash         // State root of the generation target
	account *holdableIterator   // Iterator of account snapshot data
	storage *holdableIterator   // Iterator of storage snapshot data
	db      ethdb.KeyValueStore // Key-value store containing the snapshot data
	batch   ethdb.Batch         // Database batch for writing data atomically
	logged  time.Time           // The timestamp when last generation progress was displayed
}

// newGeneratorContext initializes the context for generation.
func newGeneratorContext(root common.Hash, marker []byte, db ethdb.KeyValueStore) *generatorContext {
	ctx := &generatorContext{
		root:   root,
		db:     db,
		batch:  db.NewBatch(),
		logged: time.Now(),
	}
	accMarker, storageMarker := splitMarker(marker)
	ctx.openIterator(snapAccount, accMarker)
	ctx.openIterator(snapStorage, storageMarker)
	return ctx
}

// openIterator constructs global account and storage snapshot iterators
// at the interrupted position. These iterators should be reopened from time
// to time to avoid blocking leveldb compaction for a long time.
func (ctx *generatorContext) openIterator(kind string, start []byte) {
	if kind == snapAccount {
		iter := ctx.db.NewIterator(rawdb.SnapshotAccountPrefix, start)
		ctx.account = newHoldableIterator(rawdb.NewKeyLengthIterator(iter, 1+common.HashLength))
		return
	}
	iter := ctx.db.NewIterator(rawdb.SnapshotStoragePrefix, start)
	ctx.storage = newHoldableIterator(rawdb.NewKeyLengthIterator(iter, 1+2*common.HashLength))
}

// reopenIterator releases the specified snapshot iterator and re-open it
// in the next position. It's aimed for not blocking leveldb compaction.
func (ctx *generatorContext) reopenIterator(kind string) {
	// Shift iterator one more step, so that we can reopen
	// the iterator at the right position.
	var iter = ctx.account
	if kind == snapStorage {
		iter = ctx.storage
	}
	hasNext := iter.Next()
	if !hasNext {
		// Iterator exhausted, release forever and create an already exhausted virtual iterator
		iter.Release()
		if kind == snapAccount {
			ctx.account = newHoldableIterator(memorydb.New().NewIterator(nil, nil))
			return
		}
		ctx.storage = newHoldableIterator(memorydb.New().NewIterator(nil, nil))
		return
	}
	next := iter.Key()
	iter.Release()
	ctx.openIterator(kind, next[1:])
}

// close releases all the held resources.
func (ctx *generatorContext) close() {
	ctx.account.Release()
	ctx.storage.Release()
}

// iterator returns the corresponding iterator specified by the kind.
func (ctx *generatorContext) iterator(kind string) *holdableIterator {
	if kind == snapAccount {
		return ctx.account
	}
	return ctx.storage
}

// removeStorageBefore deletes all storage entries which are located before
// the specified account. When the iterator touches the storage entry which
// is located in or outside the given account, it stops and holds the current
// iterated element locally.
func (ctx *generatorContext) removeStorageBefore(account common.Hash) uint64 {
	var (
		count uint64
		start = time.Now()
		iter  = ctx.storage
	)
	for iter.Next() {
		key := iter.Key()
		if bytes.Compare(key[1:1+common.HashLength], account.Bytes()) >= 0 {
			iter.Hold()
			break
		}
		count++
		ctx.batch.Delete(key)
		if ctx.batch.ValueSize() > ethdb.IdealBatchSize {
			ctx.batch.Write()
			ctx.batch.Reset()
		}
	}
	storageCleanCounter.Inc(time.Since(start).Nanoseconds())
	return count
}

// removeStorageAt deletes all storage entries which are located in the specified
// account. When the iterator touches the storage entry which is outside the given
// account, it stops and holds the current iterated element locally. An error will
// be returned if the initial position of iterator is not in the given account.
func (ctx *generatorContext) removeStorageAt(account common.Hash) error {
	var (
		count int64
		start = time.Now()
		iter  = ctx.storage
	)
	for iter.Next() {
		key := iter.Key()
		cmp := bytes.Compare(key[1:1+common.HashLength], account.Bytes())
		if cmp < 0 {
			return errors.New("invalid iterator position")
		}
		if cmp > 0 {
			iter.Hold()
			break
		}
		count++
		ctx.batch.Delete(key)
		if ctx.batch.ValueSize() > ethdb.IdealBatchSize {
			ctx.batch.Write()
			ctx.batch.Reset()
		}
	}
	wipedStorageMeter.Mark(count)
	storageCleanCounter.Inc(time.Since(start).Nanoseconds())
	return nil
}

// removeRemainingStorage deletes all storage entries which are located after
// the current iterator position.
func (ctx *generatorContext) removeRemainingStorage() uint64 {
	var (
		count uint64
		start = time.Now()
		iter  = ctx.storage
	)
	for iter.Next() {
		count++
		ctx.batch.Delete(iter.Key())
		if ctx.batch.ValueSize() > ethdb.IdealBatchSize {
			ctx.batch.Write()
			ctx.batch.Reset()
		}
	}
	danglingStorageMeter.Mark(int64(count))
	storageCleanCounter.Inc(time.Since(start).Nanoseconds())
	return count
}
