// Copyright (c) Contributors to the Apptainer project, established as
//   Apptainer a Series of LF Projects LLC.
//   For website terms of use, trademark policy, privacy policy and other
//   project policies see https://lfprojects.org/policies
// Copyright (c) 2018-2021, Sylabs Inc. All rights reserved.
// This software is licensed under a 3-clause BSD license. Please consult the
// LICENSE.md file distributed with the sources of this project regarding your
// rights to use or distribute this software.

package instance

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"regexp"
	"strings"
	"syscall"

	"github.com/apptainer/apptainer/internal/pkg/util/user"
	"github.com/apptainer/apptainer/pkg/syfs"
	"github.com/apptainer/apptainer/pkg/sylog"
)

const (
	// OciSubDir represents directory where OCI instance files are stored
	OciSubDir = "oci"
	// AppSubDir represents directory where Apptainer instance files are stored
	AppSubDir = "app"
	// LogSubDir represents directory where Apptainer instance log files are stored
	LogSubDir = "logs"
)

const (
	// ProgPrefix is the prefix used by an Apptainer instance process
	ProgPrefix      = "Apptainer instance"
	instancePath    = "instances"
	authorizedChars = `^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+$`
	prognameFormat  = "%s: %s [%s]"
)

// File represents an instance file storing instance information
type File struct {
	Path        string `json:"-"`
	Pid         int    `json:"pid"`
	PPid        int    `json:"ppid"`
	Name        string `json:"name"`
	User        string `json:"user"`
	Image       string `json:"image"`
	Config      []byte `json:"config"`
	UserNs      bool   `json:"userns"`
	Cgroup      bool   `json:"cgroup"`
	IP          string `json:"ip"`
	LogErrPath  string `json:"logErrPath"`
	LogOutPath  string `json:"logOutPath"`
	Checkpoint  string `json:"checkpoint"`
	ShareNSMode bool   `json:"sharensMode"`
}

// ProcName returns process name based on instance name
// and username
func ProcName(name string, username string) (string, error) {
	if err := CheckName(name); err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("while checking instance name: %s", err)
	}
	if username == "" {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("while getting instance process name: empty username")
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf(prognameFormat, ProgPrefix, username, name), nil
}

// ExtractName extracts instance name from an instance:// URI
func ExtractName(name string) string {
	return strings.Replace(name, "instance://", "", 1)
}

// CheckName checks if name is a valid instance name
func CheckName(name string) error {
	r := regexp.MustCompile(authorizedChars)
	if !r.MatchString(name) {
		return fmt.Errorf("%s is not a valid instance name", name)
	}
	return nil
}

// getPath returns the path where searching for instance files
func getPath(username string, subDir string) (string, error) {
	hostname, err := os.Hostname()
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	var u *user.User
	var configDir string
	if username == "" {
		u, err = user.CurrentOriginal()
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}
		configDir = syfs.ConfigDir()
	} else {
		u, err = user.GetPwNam(username)
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}
		configDir, err = syfs.ConfigDirForUsername(u.Name)
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}
	}

	return filepath.Join(configDir, instancePath, subDir, hostname, u.Name), nil
}

// GetDir returns directory where instances file will be stored
func GetDir(name string, subDir string) (string, error) {
	if err := CheckName(name); err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	path, err := getPath("", subDir)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return filepath.Join(path, name), nil
}

// Get returns the instance file corresponding to instance name
func Get(name string, subDir string) (*File, error) {
	if err := CheckName(name); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	list, err := List("", name, subDir, true)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if len(list) != 1 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no instance found with name %s", name)
	}
	return list[0], nil
}

// Add creates an instance file for a named instance in a privileged
// or unprivileged path
func Add(name string, subDir string) (*File, error) {
	if err := CheckName(name); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	_, err := Get(name, subDir)
	if err == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("instance %s already exists", name)
	}
	i := &File{Name: name}
	i.Path, err = getPath("", subDir)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	jsonFile := name + ".json"
	i.Path = filepath.Join(i.Path, name, jsonFile)
	return i, nil
}

// List returns instance files matching username and/or name pattern
func List(username string, name string, subDir string, all bool) ([]*File, error) {
	list := make([]*File, 0)

	path, err := getPath(username, subDir)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	pattern := filepath.Join(path, name, name+".json")
	files, err := filepath.Glob(pattern)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	for _, file := range files {
		r, err := os.Open(file)
		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
			continue
		} else if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		f := &File{}
		if err := json.NewDecoder(r).Decode(f); err != nil {
			r.Close()
			return nil, err
		}
		r.Close()
		f.Path = file
		// delete ghost apptainer instance files
		if subDir == AppSubDir && f.isExited() && !f.ShareNSMode {
			f.Delete()
			continue
		}
		// by default skip --sharens instance unless --all is set
		if f.ShareNSMode && !all {
			continue
		}
		list = append(list, f)
	}
	return list, nil
}

// Delete deletes instance file
func (i *File) Delete() error {
	dir := filepath.Dir(i.Path)
	if dir == "." {
		dir = ""
	}
	sylog.Debugf("Deleting %v", dir)
	return os.RemoveAll(dir)
}

// isExited returns if the instance process is exited or not.
func (i *File) isExited() bool {
	if i.PPid <= 0 {
		return true
	}

	// if instance is not running anymore, automatically
	// delete instance files after checking that instance
	// parent process
	err := syscall.Kill(i.PPid, 0)
	switch err {
	case syscall.ESRCH:
		return true
	case nil:
		// process is alive and is owned by you otherwise
		// we would have obtained permission denied error,
		// now check if it's an instance parent process
		cmdline := fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%d/cmdline", i.PPid)
		d, err := os.ReadFile(cmdline)
		if err != nil {
			// this is racy and not accurate but as the process
			// may have exited during above read, check again
			// for process presence
			return syscall.Kill(i.PPid, 0) == syscall.ESRCH
		}
		// not an instance master process
		return !strings.HasPrefix(string(d), ProgPrefix)
	}

	return false
}

// Update stores instance information in associated instance file
func (i *File) Update() error {
	b, err := json.Marshal(i)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	sylog.Debugf("Storing instance data to %s", i.Path)
	path := filepath.Dir(i.Path)

	oldumask := syscall.Umask(0)
	defer syscall.Umask(oldumask)

	if err := os.MkdirAll(path, 0o700); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	file, err := os.OpenFile(i.Path, os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY|syscall.O_NOFOLLOW, 0o644)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer file.Close()

	if _, err := file.Write(b); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write instance file %s: %s", i.Path, err)
	}

	return file.Sync()
}

// GetLogFilePaths returns the paths of log files containing
// .err, .out streams, respectively
func GetLogFilePaths(name string, subDir string) (string, string, error) {
	path, err := getPath("", subDir)
	if err != nil {
		return "", "", err
	}
	logErrPath := filepath.Join(path, name+".err")
	logOutPath := filepath.Join(path, name+".out")

	return logErrPath, logOutPath, nil
}

// SetLogFile replaces stdout/stderr streams and redirect content
// to log file
func SetLogFile(name string, userNs bool, uid int, subDir string) (*os.File, *os.File, error) {
	path, err := getPath("", subDir)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}
	stderrPath := filepath.Join(path, name+".err")
	stdoutPath := filepath.Join(path, name+".out")

	oldumask := syscall.Umask(0)
	defer syscall.Umask(oldumask)

	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(stderrPath), 0o700); err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}
	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(stdoutPath), 0o700); err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}

	stderr, err := os.OpenFile(stderrPath, os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_APPEND|syscall.O_NOFOLLOW, 0o644)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}

	stdout, err := os.OpenFile(stdoutPath, os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_APPEND|syscall.O_NOFOLLOW, 0o644)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}

	if !userNs && (uid != os.Getuid() || uid == 0) {
		if err := stderr.Chown(uid, os.Getgid()); err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}
		if err := stdout.Chown(uid, os.Getgid()); err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}
	}

	return stdout, stderr, nil
}
