// Package cidr is a collection of assorted utilities for computing
// network and host addresses within network ranges.
//
// It expects a CIDR-type address structure where addresses are divided into
// some number of prefix bits representing the network and then the remaining
// suffix bits represent the host.
//
// For example, it can help to calculate addresses for sub-networks of a
// parent network, or to calculate host addresses within a particular prefix.
//
// At present this package is prioritizing simplicity of implementation and
// de-prioritizing speed and memory usage. Thus caution is advised before
// using this package in performance-critical applications or hot codepaths.
// Patches to improve the speed and memory usage may be accepted as long as
// they do not result in a significant increase in code complexity.
package cidr

import (
	"fmt"
	"math/big"
	"net"
)

// Subnet takes a parent CIDR range and creates a subnet within it
// with the given number of additional prefix bits and the given
// network number.
//
// For example, 10.3.0.0/16, extended by 8 bits, with a network number
// of 5, becomes 10.3.5.0/24 .
func Subnet(base *net.IPNet, newBits int, num int) (*net.IPNet, error) {
	return SubnetBig(base, newBits, big.NewInt(int64(num)))
}

// SubnetBig takes a parent CIDR range and creates a subnet within it with the
// given number of additional prefix bits and the given network number. It
// differs from Subnet in that it takes a *big.Int for the num, instead of an int.
//
// For example, 10.3.0.0/16, extended by 8 bits, with a network number of 5,
// becomes 10.3.5.0/24 .
func SubnetBig(base *net.IPNet, newBits int, num *big.Int) (*net.IPNet, error) {
	ip := base.IP
	mask := base.Mask

	parentLen, addrLen := mask.Size()
	newPrefixLen := parentLen + newBits

	if newPrefixLen > addrLen {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("insufficient address space to extend prefix of %d by %d", parentLen, newBits)
	}

	maxNetNum := uint64(1<<uint64(newBits)) - 1
	if num.Uint64() > maxNetNum {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("prefix extension of %d does not accommodate a subnet numbered %d", newBits, num)
	}

	return &net.IPNet{
		IP:   insertNumIntoIP(ip, num, newPrefixLen),
		Mask: net.CIDRMask(newPrefixLen, addrLen),
	}, nil
}

// Host takes a parent CIDR range and turns it into a host IP address with the
// given host number.
//
// For example, 10.3.0.0/16 with a host number of 2 gives 10.3.0.2.
func Host(base *net.IPNet, num int) (net.IP, error) {
	return HostBig(base, big.NewInt(int64(num)))
}

// HostBig takes a parent CIDR range and turns it into a host IP address with
// the given host number. It differs from Host in that it takes a *big.Int for
// the num, instead of an int.
//
// For example, 10.3.0.0/16 with a host number of 2 gives 10.3.0.2.
func HostBig(base *net.IPNet, num *big.Int) (net.IP, error) {
	ip := base.IP
	mask := base.Mask

	parentLen, addrLen := mask.Size()
	hostLen := addrLen - parentLen

	maxHostNum := big.NewInt(int64(1))
	maxHostNum.Lsh(maxHostNum, uint(hostLen))
	maxHostNum.Sub(maxHostNum, big.NewInt(1))

	numUint64 := big.NewInt(int64(num.Uint64()))
	if num.Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) == -1 {
		numUint64.Neg(num)
		numUint64.Sub(numUint64, big.NewInt(int64(1)))
		num.Sub(maxHostNum, numUint64)
	}

	if numUint64.Cmp(maxHostNum) == 1 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("prefix of %d does not accommodate a host numbered %d", parentLen, num)
	}
	var bitlength int
	if ip.To4() != nil {
		bitlength = 32
	} else {
		bitlength = 128
	}
	return insertNumIntoIP(ip, num, bitlength), nil
}

// AddressRange returns the first and last addresses in the given CIDR range.
func AddressRange(network *net.IPNet) (net.IP, net.IP) {
	// the first IP is easy
	firstIP := network.IP

	// the last IP is the network address OR NOT the mask address
	prefixLen, bits := network.Mask.Size()
	if prefixLen == bits {
		// Easy!
		// But make sure that our two slices are distinct, since they
		// would be in all other cases.
		lastIP := make([]byte, len(firstIP))
		copy(lastIP, firstIP)
		return firstIP, lastIP
	}

	firstIPInt, bits := ipToInt(firstIP)
	hostLen := uint(bits) - uint(prefixLen)
	lastIPInt := big.NewInt(1)
	lastIPInt.Lsh(lastIPInt, hostLen)
	lastIPInt.Sub(lastIPInt, big.NewInt(1))
	lastIPInt.Or(lastIPInt, firstIPInt)

	return firstIP, intToIP(lastIPInt, bits)
}

// AddressCount returns the number of distinct host addresses within the given
// CIDR range.
//
// Since the result is a uint64, this function returns meaningful information
// only for IPv4 ranges and IPv6 ranges with a prefix size of at least 65.
func AddressCount(network *net.IPNet) uint64 {
	prefixLen, bits := network.Mask.Size()
	return 1 << (uint64(bits) - uint64(prefixLen))
}

//VerifyNoOverlap takes a list subnets and supernet (CIDRBlock) and verifies
//none of the subnets overlap and all subnets are in the supernet
//it returns an error if any of those conditions are not satisfied
func VerifyNoOverlap(subnets []*net.IPNet, CIDRBlock *net.IPNet) error {
	firstLastIP := make([][]net.IP, len(subnets))
	for i, s := range subnets {
		first, last := AddressRange(s)
		firstLastIP[i] = []net.IP{first, last}
	}
	for i, s := range subnets {
		if !CIDRBlock.Contains(firstLastIP[i][0]) || !CIDRBlock.Contains(firstLastIP[i][1]) {
			return fmt.Errorf("%s does not fully contain %s", CIDRBlock.String(), s.String())
		}
		for j := 0; j < len(subnets); j++ {
			if i == j {
				continue
			}

			first := firstLastIP[j][0]
			last := firstLastIP[j][1]
			if s.Contains(first) || s.Contains(last) {
				return fmt.Errorf("%s overlaps with %s", subnets[j].String(), s.String())
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// PreviousSubnet returns the subnet of the desired mask in the IP space
// just lower than the start of IPNet provided. If the IP space rolls over
// then the second return value is true
func PreviousSubnet(network *net.IPNet, prefixLen int) (*net.IPNet, bool) {
	startIP := checkIPv4(network.IP)
	previousIP := make(net.IP, len(startIP))
	copy(previousIP, startIP)
	cMask := net.CIDRMask(prefixLen, 8*len(previousIP))
	previousIP = Dec(previousIP)
	previous := &net.IPNet{IP: previousIP.Mask(cMask), Mask: cMask}
	if startIP.Equal(net.IPv4zero) || startIP.Equal(net.IPv6zero) {
		return previous, true
	}
	return previous, false
}

// NextSubnet returns the next available subnet of the desired mask size
// starting for the maximum IP of the offset subnet
// If the IP exceeds the maxium IP then the second return value is true
func NextSubnet(network *net.IPNet, prefixLen int) (*net.IPNet, bool) {
	_, currentLast := AddressRange(network)
	mask := net.CIDRMask(prefixLen, 8*len(currentLast))
	currentSubnet := &net.IPNet{IP: currentLast.Mask(mask), Mask: mask}
	_, last := AddressRange(currentSubnet)
	last = Inc(last)
	next := &net.IPNet{IP: last.Mask(mask), Mask: mask}
	if last.Equal(net.IPv4zero) || last.Equal(net.IPv6zero) {
		return next, true
	}
	return next, false
}

//Inc increases the IP by one this returns a new []byte for the IP
func Inc(IP net.IP) net.IP {
	IP = checkIPv4(IP)
	incIP := make([]byte, len(IP))
	copy(incIP, IP)
	for j := len(incIP) - 1; j >= 0; j-- {
		incIP[j]++
		if incIP[j] > 0 {
			break
		}
	}
	return incIP
}

//Dec decreases the IP by one this returns a new []byte for the IP
func Dec(IP net.IP) net.IP {
	IP = checkIPv4(IP)
	decIP := make([]byte, len(IP))
	copy(decIP, IP)
	decIP = checkIPv4(decIP)
	for j := len(decIP) - 1; j >= 0; j-- {
		decIP[j]--
		if decIP[j] < 255 {
			break
		}
	}
	return decIP
}

func checkIPv4(ip net.IP) net.IP {
	// Go for some reason allocs IPv6len for IPv4 so we have to correct it
	if v4 := ip.To4(); v4 != nil {
		return v4
	}
	return ip
}
