/* Name: usbtool.c
 * Project: V-USB examples, host side
 * Author: Christian Starkjohann
 * Creation Date: 2008-04-06
 * Tabsize: 4
 * Copyright: (c) 2008 by OBJECTIVE DEVELOPMENT Software GmbH
 * License: GNU GPL v2 (see License.txt), GNU GPL v3 or proprietary (CommercialLicense.txt)
 */

/*
General Description:
This command line tool can perform various USB requests at arbitrary
USB devices. It is intended as universal host side tool for experimentation
and debugging purposes. It must be linked with libusb, a library for accessing
the USB bus from Linux, FreeBSD, Mac OS X and other Unix operating systems.
Libusb can be obtained from http://libusb.sourceforge.net/.
On Windows use libusb-win32 from http://libusb-win32.sourceforge.net/.
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>

#include <libusb.h>        /* this is libusb, see http://libusb.sourceforge.net/ */
#include "opendevice.h" /* common code moved to separate module */

#define DEFAULT_USB_VID         0   /* any */
#define DEFAULT_USB_PID         0   /* any */

static void usage(char *name)
{
    fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [options] <command>\n", name);
    fprintf(stderr,
        "Options are:\n"
        "  -h or -? (print this help and exit)\n"
        "  -v <vendor-id> (defaults to 0x%x, can be '*' for any VID)\n"
        "  -p <product-id> (defaults to 0x%x, can be '*' for any PID)\n"
        "  -V <vendor-name-pattern> (shell style matching, defaults to '*')\n"
        "  -P <product-name-pattern> (shell style matching, defaults to '*')\n"
        "  -S <serial-pattern> (shell style matching, defaults to '*')\n"
        "  -d <databytes> (data byte for request, comma separated list)\n"
        "  -D <file> (binary data for request taken from file)\n"
        "  -O <file> (write received data bytes to file)\n"
        "  -b (binary output format, default is hex)\n"
        "  -n <count> (maximum number of bytes to receive)\n"
        "  -e <endpoint> (specify endpoint for some commands)\n"
        "  -t <timeout> (specify USB timeout in milliseconds)\n"
        "  -c <configuration> (device configuration to choose)\n"
        "  -i <interface> (configuration interface to claim)\n"
        "  -w (suppress USB warnings, default is verbose)\n"
        "\n"
        "Commands are:\n"
        "  list (list all matching devices by name)\n"
        "  control in|out <type> <recipient> <request> <value> <index> (send control request)\n"
        "  interrupt in|out (send or receive interrupt data)\n"
        "  bulk in|out (send or receive bulk data)\n"
        "For valid enum values for <type> and <recipient> pass \"x\" for the value.\n"
        "Objective Development's free VID/PID pairs are:\n"
        "  5824/1500 for vendor class devices\n"
        "  5824/1503 for HID class devices excluding mice and keyboards\n"
        "  5824/1505 for CDC-ACM class devices\n"
        "  5824/1508 for MIDI class devices\n"
        , DEFAULT_USB_VID, DEFAULT_USB_PID
    );


}

static int  vendorID = DEFAULT_USB_VID;
static int  productID = DEFAULT_USB_PID;
static char *vendorNamePattern = "*";
static char *productNamePattern = "*";
static char *serialPattern = "*";
static char *sendBytes = NULL;
static int  sendByteCount;
static char *outputFile = NULL;
static int  endpoint = 0;
static int  outputFormatIsBinary = 0;
static int  showWarnings = 1;
static int  usbTimeout = 5000;
static int  usbCount = 128;
static int  usbConfiguration = 1;
static int  usbInterface = 0;

static int  usbDirection, usbType, usbRecipient, usbRequest, usbValue, usbIndex; /* arguments of control transfer */

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* ASCII to integer (number parsing) which allows hex (0x prefix),
 * octal (0 prefix) and decimal (1-9 prefix) input.
 */
static int  myAtoi(char *text)
{
long    l;
char    *endPtr;

    if(strcmp(text, "*") == 0)
        return 0;
    l = strtol(text, &endPtr, 0);
    if(endPtr == text){
        fprintf(stderr, "warning: can't parse numeric parameter ->%s<-, defaults to 0.\n", text);
        l = 0;
    }else if(*endPtr != 0){
        fprintf(stderr, "warning: numeric parameter ->%s<- only partially parsed.\n", text);
    }
    return l;
}

static int  parseEnum(char *text, ...)
{
va_list vlist;
char    *entries[64];
int     i, numEntries;

    va_start(vlist, text);
    for(i = 0; i < 64; i++){
        entries[i] = va_arg(vlist, char *);
        if(entries[i] == NULL)
            break;
    }
    numEntries = i;
    va_end(vlist);
    for(i = 0; i < numEntries; i++){
        if(strcasecmp(text, entries[i]) == 0)
            return i;
    }
    if(isdigit(*text)){
        return myAtoi(text);
    }
    fprintf(stderr, "Enum value \"%s\" not allowed. Allowed values are:\n", text);
    for(i = 0; i < numEntries; i++){
        fprintf(stderr, "  %s\n", entries[i]);
    }
    exit(1);
}

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#define ACTION_LIST         0
#define ACTION_CONTROL      1
#define ACTION_INTERRUPT    2
#define ACTION_BULK         3

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
libusb_device_handle  *handle = NULL;
int             opt, len, action, argcnt;
int             r = 0;
char            *myName = argv[0], *s, *rxBuffer = NULL;
FILE            *fp;

    while((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "?hv:p:V:P:S:d:D:O:e:n:tbw")) != -1){
        switch(opt){
        case 'h':
        case '?':   /* -h or -? (print this help and exit) */
            usage(myName);
            exit(1);
        case 'v':   /* -v <vendor-id> (defaults to 0x%x, can be '*' for any VID) */
            vendorID = myAtoi(optarg);
            break;
        case 'p':   /* -p <product-id> (defaults to 0x%x, can be '*' for any PID) */
            productID = myAtoi(optarg);
            break;
        case 'V':   /* -V <vendor-name-pattern> (shell style matching, defaults to '*') */
            vendorNamePattern = optarg;
            break;
        case 'P':   /* -P <product-name-pattern> (shell style matching, defaults to '*') */
            productNamePattern = optarg;
            break;
        case 'S':   /* -S <serial-pattern> (shell style matching, defaults to '*') */
            serialPattern = optarg;
            break;
        case 'd':   /* -d <databytes> (data bytes for requests given on command line) */
            while((s = strtok(optarg, ", ")) != NULL){
                optarg = NULL;
                if(sendBytes != NULL){
                    sendBytes = realloc(sendBytes, sendByteCount + 1);
                }else{
                    sendBytes = malloc(sendByteCount + 1);
                }
                sendBytes[sendByteCount++] = myAtoi(s);
            }
            break;
        case 'D':   /* -D <file> (data bytes for request taken from file) */
            if((fp = fopen(optarg, "rb")) == NULL){
                fprintf(stderr, "error opening %s: %s\n", optarg, strerror(errno));
                exit(1);
            }
            fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
            len = ftell(fp);
            fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
            if(sendBytes != NULL){
                sendBytes = realloc(sendBytes, sendByteCount + len);
            }else{
                sendBytes = malloc(sendByteCount + len);
            }
            fread(sendBytes + sendByteCount, 1, len, fp);   /* would need error checking */
            sendByteCount += len;
            fclose(fp);
            break;
        case 'O':   /* -O <file> (write received data bytes to file) */
            outputFile = optarg;
            break;
        case 'e':   /* -e <endpoint> (specify endpoint for some commands) */
            endpoint = myAtoi(optarg);
            break;
        case 't':   /* -t <timeout> (specify USB timeout in milliseconds) */
            usbTimeout = myAtoi(optarg);
            break;
        case 'b':   /* -b (binary output format, default is hex) */
            outputFormatIsBinary = 1;
            break;
        case 'n':   /* -n <count> (maximum number of bytes to receive) */
            usbCount = myAtoi(optarg);
            break;
        case 'c':   /* -c <configuration> (device configuration to choose) */
            usbConfiguration = myAtoi(optarg);
            break;
        case 'i':   /* -i <interface> (configuration interface to claim) */
            usbInterface = myAtoi(optarg);
            break;
        case 'w':   /* -w (suppress USB warnings, default is verbose) */
            showWarnings = 0;
            break;
        default:
            fprintf(stderr, "Option -%c unknown\n", opt);
            exit(1);
        }
    }
    argc -= optind;
    argv += optind;
    if(argc < 1){
        usage(myName);
        exit(1);
    }
    argcnt = 2;
    if(strcasecmp(argv[0], "list") == 0){
        action = ACTION_LIST;
        argcnt = 1;
    }else if(strcasecmp(argv[0], "control") == 0){
        action = ACTION_CONTROL;
        argcnt = 7;
    }else if(strcasecmp(argv[0], "interrupt") == 0){
        action = ACTION_INTERRUPT;
    }else if(strcasecmp(argv[0], "bulk") == 0){
        action = ACTION_BULK;
    }else{
        fprintf(stderr, "command %s not known\n", argv[0]);
        usage(myName);
        exit(1);
    }
    if(argc < argcnt){
        fprintf(stderr, "Not enough arguments.\n");
        usage(myName);
        exit(1);
    }
    if(argc > argcnt){
        fprintf(stderr, "Warning: only %d arguments expected, rest ignored.\n", argcnt);
    }
    libusb_init(NULL);
    if(usbOpenDevice(&handle, vendorID, vendorNamePattern, productID, productNamePattern, serialPattern, action == ACTION_LIST ? stdout : NULL, showWarnings ? stderr : NULL) != 0){
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not find USB device with VID=0x%x PID=0x%x Vname=%s Pname=%s Serial=%s\n", vendorID, productID, vendorNamePattern, productNamePattern, serialPattern);
        exit(1);
    }
    if(action == ACTION_LIST)
        exit(0);                /* we've done what we were asked to do already */
    usbDirection = parseEnum(argv[1], "out", "in", NULL);
    if(usbDirection){   /* IN transfer */
        rxBuffer = malloc(usbCount);
    }
    if(action == ACTION_CONTROL){
        int requestType;
        usbType = parseEnum(argv[2], "standard", "class", "vendor", "reserved", NULL);
        usbRecipient = parseEnum(argv[3], "device", "interface", "endpoint", "other", NULL);
        usbRequest = myAtoi(argv[4]);
        usbValue = myAtoi(argv[5]);
        usbIndex = myAtoi(argv[6]);
        requestType = ((usbDirection & 1) << 7) | ((usbType & 3) << 5) | (usbRecipient & 0x1f);
        if(usbDirection){   /* IN transfer */
            len = libusb_control_transfer(handle, requestType, usbRequest, usbValue, usbIndex, (unsigned char *)rxBuffer, usbCount, usbTimeout);
        }else{              /* OUT transfer */
            len = libusb_control_transfer(handle, requestType, usbRequest, usbValue, usbIndex, (unsigned char *)sendBytes, sendByteCount, usbTimeout);
        }
    }else{  /* must be ACTION_INTERRUPT or ACTION_BULK */
        int retries = 1;
        r = libusb_set_configuration(handle, usbConfiguration);
        if(r < 0 && showWarnings){
            fprintf(stderr, "Warning: could not set configuration: %s\n", libusb_strerror(r));
        }
        /* now try to claim the interface and detach the kernel HID driver on
         * linux and other operating systems which support the call.
         */
        while((len = libusb_claim_interface(handle, usbInterface)) != 0 && retries-- > 0){
#ifdef LIBUSB_HAS_DETACH_KERNEL_DRIVER_NP
            r = libusb_detach_kernel_driver(handle, 0);
            if(r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS && showWarnings){
                fprintf(stderr, "Warning: could not detach kernel driver: %s\n", libusb_strerror(r));
            }
#endif
        }
        if(len != 0 && showWarnings)
            fprintf(stderr, "Warning: could not claim interface: %s\n", libusb_strerror(len));
        if(action == ACTION_INTERRUPT){
            if(usbDirection){   /* IN transfer */
                r = libusb_interrupt_transfer(handle, endpoint, (unsigned char *)rxBuffer, usbCount, &len, usbTimeout);
            }else{
                r = libusb_interrupt_transfer(handle, endpoint, (unsigned char *)sendBytes, sendByteCount, &len, usbTimeout);
            }
        }else{
            if(usbDirection){   /* IN transfer */
                r = libusb_bulk_transfer(handle, endpoint, (unsigned char *)rxBuffer, usbCount, &len, usbTimeout);
            }else{
                r = libusb_bulk_transfer(handle, endpoint, (unsigned char *)sendBytes, sendByteCount, &len, usbTimeout);
            }
        }
    }
    if(r != 0){
        fprintf(stderr, "USB error: %s\n", libusb_strerror(r));
        exit(1);
    }
    if(usbDirection == 0)   /* OUT */
        printf("%d bytes sent.\n", len);
    if(rxBuffer != NULL){
        FILE *fp = stdout;
        if(outputFile != NULL){
            fp = fopen(outputFile, outputFormatIsBinary ? "wb" : "w");
            if(fp == NULL){
                fprintf(stderr, "Error writing \"%s\": %s\n", outputFile, strerror(errno));
                exit(1);
            }
        }
        if(outputFormatIsBinary){
            fwrite(rxBuffer, 1, len, fp);
        }else{
            int i;
            for(i = 0; i < len; i++){
                if(i != 0){
                    if(i % 16 == 0){
                        fprintf(fp, "\n");
                    }else{
                        fprintf(fp, " ");
                    }
                }
                fprintf(fp, "0x%02x", rxBuffer[i] & 0xff);
            }
            if(i != 0)
                fprintf(fp, "\n");
        }
    }
    libusb_close(handle);
    if(rxBuffer != NULL)
        free(rxBuffer);
    return 0;
}
