A 55-year-old man suffered serious head injuries during the incident at a house in Channel View, Bassaleg, at about 04:00 GMT on New Year's Day.
He was taken to the city's Royal Gwent Hospital where he remains in a stable condition.
The man charged has been remanded in custody and will appear in court on Saturday.
A 21-year-old man arrested on suspicion of attempted murder after an attack in Newport has been charged with assault.